Bio


Dr. Bajestan serves as Neuropsychiatry Section Chief, Associate Neuropsychiatry Fellowship Director, Co-director of Individual Psychotherapy Clinic and Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University.She is involved in clinical practice, research and training of the psychiatry residents and neuropsychiatry fellows. Dr. Bajestan is the neuropsychiatric consultant at Stanford University’s Inpatient Neurology Units, Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, and Outpatient Neurology Clinics. She also works in different psychiatry clinics in department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, providing consultations (mainly) and outpatient care (both medication management and psycho therapy). She takes joy in working closely with her patients, their family members, other health care providers, teaching/mentoring trainees and also attending to her research projects.

Dr. Bajestan is the recipient of many national awards, such as American Psychiatric Association’s Irma Bland Award for Excellence in Teaching, American Psychiatric Association’s Leadership Award, American Association of Psychiatry Residency Director’s Brain Scholar Award, American College of Psychiatrists’ Laughlin Fellowship, American Neuropsychiatric Association’s Young Investigator’s Award, and Stanford University Psychiatry Department's Outstanding Resident Award. She is also the recipient of department of psychiatry's Chair’s Mission Award for Leadership and Professionalism.


Neuroscience, Neuropsychiatry and Psychopharmacology Expertise:
Dr. Bajestan has received her PhD in Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience. She spent her training during her PhD and post-doctoral course in learning the molecular genetics and biology of neurological and psychiatric disorders. She later trained in Psychiatry at Stanford University and became a board certified General Psychiatrist by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. Dr. Bajestan was the first neuropsychiatry fellow at Stanford University and established this fellowship with Dr. John Barry. She is also board certified in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology by United Council of Neurological Subspecialties. Dr. Bajestan is an expert in complex neuro-psychopharmacology. She is also is trained in interventional neuropsychiatry such as ECT and TMS.

Dr. Bajestan is a nationally known expert in Functional Neurological Disorders (FND). She is the chair of Awards Committee, and co-leads the FND section of Committee of Research in American Neuropsychiatric Association. She is one of the editors of the popular Concise Guide to Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology Book.


Psychotherapy Expertise:
Dr. Bajestan has undergone training in different psychotherapy orientations including Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Hypnosis and Prolonged Exposure (PE). Dr. Bajestan is the director of Individual Psychotherapy Clinic at Stanford University. She also serves on the board of WellConnect Clinic where she provides mental health treatment and burnout prevention coaching to resident and fellows of Stanford Hospital and Clinics.

Clinical Focus


  • Psychiatry
  • Neuropsychiatry, Psychotherapy, Functional Neurological Symptom Disorders, Impulse Control Disorders (Both medication management and Psychotherapy), Anxiety Disorders
  • For Clinical Issues, Call the Clinic at 650-723-8335, Please Do Not Use Email ( HIPPA regulation)
  • Burnout Prevention

Academic Appointments


  • Clinical Professor, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

Honors & Awards


  • Irma Bland Award for Excellence in Teaching, American Psychiatric Association (2023)
  • Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society's membership, Stanford University (2022)
  • Chair’s Mission Award for Leadership and Professionalism, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University (2019)
  • Laughlin Fellowship, American College of Psychiatrists (2013)
  • Outstanding Resident Award, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University (2013)
  • Resident Recognition Award, American Psychiatric Association (2013)
  • Young Investigator Award, American Neuropsychiatric Association (2013)
  • Brain Scholar Award, American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training (2012)
  • Leadership Fellowship Award, American Psychiatric Association (2011-2013)

Boards, Advisory Committees, Professional Organizations


  • Chair, Awards Oversight Board, American Neuropsychiatric Association (2023 - Present)
  • Chair, Career Development Award, American Neuropsychiatric Association (2023 - Present)
  • Vice chair, Career Development Award, American Neuropsychiatric Association (2018 - 2023)
  • Member, American Neuropsychiatric Association (2012 - Present)
  • Member, American Psychiatric Association (2009 - Present)
  • Resident Councilor, Northern California Psychiatric Association (2013 - 2014)

Professional Education


  • Fellowship: Stanford University Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (2014) CA
  • Residency: Stanford University Adult Psychiatry Residency (2014) CA
  • Board Certification: United Council for Neurologic Subspecialties, Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry (2014)
  • Board Certiffication, United Council of Neurological Subspecialties, Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology (2014)
  • Board Certification: American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, Psychiatry (2013)
  • Neuropsychiatry Fellowship, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology
  • Post-Doctoral Training, University of California, San Diego, Neuroscience
  • PhD in Neuroscience, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan University College London, England ( Visiting PhD Scholar), Neuroscience (2004)
  • Medical Education: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (2001) Iran
  • Undergaduate, National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents (NODET)

Current Research and Scholarly Interests


Treatment Outcome and Predictive Psychological Factors in Group Psychotherapy for Patients with Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures and Psychogenic Movement Disorders ( groups are based on Psycho-dynamic Psychotherapy and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy) -recruiting. Contact Number: Dr. Ariela Karasov, MD. 650-723-8659

All Publications


  • Investigating the Use of Virtual Reality Technology for Psychiatric Neuroimaging Education. Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry Folmsbee, S. S., Medina, M., Tran, H., Nguyen, P., Bajestan, S. 2024

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s40596-024-01937-3

    View details for PubMedID 38291314

    View details for PubMedCentralID 10080019

  • A Web-Based Educational Module Using Clinical Neuroscience to Deliver the Diagnosis of Functional Neurological Disorder. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences Fusunyan, M., Medina, M., Giambarberi, L., Bajestan, S. 2024: appineuropsych20230060

    Abstract

    Neuroscience-based patient education has become an evidence-based strategy for enhancing chronic pain treatment. Advances in understanding the neuroscience of functional neurological disorder (FND) may allow similar approaches to be developed and disseminated to clinicians, given the public health need for greater provider awareness and expertise around the condition. Accordingly, the authors developed an online video module for clinicians that delivers neuroscience-based psychoeducation for FND and assessed whether the intervention would be associated with changes in clinicians' perception of FND patients and knowledge about the condition. The online intervention consisted of a 20-minute video module, including an 8-minute scripted role-play that modeled neuroscience-informed diagnosis delivery. Pre- and postintervention questionnaires were embedded into the online module and included a self-assessment of FND-related perceptions and knowledge and a multiple-choice assessment of retention of the neuroscience-based content. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and McNemar's tests were used for statistical analyses. Of the 103 individuals who submitted surveys, 40 participants provided a complete data set from before and after the intervention. Following the intervention, self-assessment items showed respondents had significantly greater comfort with diagnosis delivery and treatment options and decreased negative perception of FND patients. The percentage of correct responses on a multiple-choice assessment regarding the functional neuroanatomy of FND was significantly increased. In summary, the online neuroscience-based educational intervention was effective for increasing clinician knowledge about FND and comfort with diagnosis delivery and treatment options. Implementing web-based formats may be a viable and cost-effective approach to disseminating knowledge and basic clinical skills in the care of patients with FND.

    View details for DOI 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20230060

    View details for PubMedID 38258378

  • The Neuropsychiatric Approach to the Assessment of Patients in Neurology. Seminars in neurology Trapp, N. T., Martyna, M. R., Siddiqi, S. H., Bajestan, S. N. 2022

    Abstract

    Neuropsychiatry is a clinical neuroscience specialty focused on the evaluation and treatment of patients who present with symptoms at the intersection of neurology and psychiatry. Neuropsychiatrists assess and manage the cognitive, affective, behavioral, and perceptual manifestations of disorders of the central nervous system. Although fellowship training in behavioral neurology-neuropsychiatry exists in the United States and several other countries internationally, the need for neuropsychiatric expertise greatly outweighs the number of specialists in practice or training. This article serves as a primer for both neurologists and psychiatrists seeking to improve or refresh their knowledge of the neuropsychiatric assessment, including detailing aspects of the history-taking, physical exam, psychometric testing, and associated diagnostic work-up. In doing so, we urge the next generation of neurologists and psychiatrists to take on both the opportunity and challenge to work at the intersection of both clinical neuroscience specialties using an integrated neuropsychiatric perspective.

    View details for DOI 10.1055/s-0042-1745741

    View details for PubMedID 35477181

  • Concise Guide to Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology Barry, J., Bajestan, S., Cummings, J., Trimble, M. American Psychiatric Publishing. 2022
  • Using Patient-Centered Clinical Neuroscience to Deliver the Diagnosis of Functional Neurological Disorder (FND): Results from an Innovative Educational Workshop. Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry Medina, M., Giambarberi, L., Lazarow, S. S., Lockman, J., Faridi, N., Hooshmad, F., Karasov, A., Bajestan, S. N. 2020

    Abstract

    OBJECTIVES: Psychiatry training is lacking examples of neuroscience education that translates neuroscience literature into accessible clinically oriented concepts. The authors created a teaching activity using patient-centered neuroscience education that focused on delivering the diagnosis of functional neurological disorder (FND). This study aimed to (i) develop a workshop modeling a clinician-patient interaction, (ii) provide a modern neuroscience perspective of FND, and (iii) evaluate the change in clinicians' perceptions of FND.METHODS: A total of six workshops (each 1 h long and consisting of a video, PowerPoint slides, and pre and post questionnaires) were conducted. Paired t tests were used to measure the change.RESULTS: Forty-seven clinicians participated. After completing the workshop, nearly all endorsed that functional symptoms are "real" (95%) and that treatment is helpful (100%). Participants also reported a greater comfort level with discussing FND diagnosis (46% vs 85%, p < 0.001), an overall increase in understanding the disorder (33% vs 82%, p < 0.001), assessing need for tests (33% vs 66%, p < 0.001), understanding treatment options (26% vs 89%, p < 0.001), and recognition that treatment can help control these symptoms (81% vs 100%, p < 0.01). In addition, learners were more likely to report that patients with FND are truthful (75% vs 95%, p < 0.001) and less likely to be manipulative (48% vs 80%, p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: A brief, educational intervention using neuroscience-based content was found to significantly improve clinicians' perception and confidence when delivering the diagnosis of FND.

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s40596-020-01324-8

    View details for PubMedID 33058046

  • Evidence-Based Practice for the Clinical Assessment of Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures: A Report From the American Neuropsychiatric Association Committee on Research. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences Baslet, G., Bajestan, S. N., Aybek, S., Modirrousta, M., D Clin Psy, J. P., Cavanna, A., Perez, D. L., Lazarow, S. S., Raynor, G., Voon, V., Ducharme, S., LaFrance, W. C. 2020: appineuropsych19120354

    Abstract

    The American Neuropsychiatric Association's Committee on Research assigned the task of defining the most helpful clinical factors and tests in establishing the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) during a neuropsychiatric assessment. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using three search engines and specified search terms for PNES and the predetermined clinical factors and diagnostic tests, followed by a selection process with specific criteria. Data extraction results from selected articles are presented for clinical factors (semiology, psychiatric comorbidities, medical comorbidities, psychological traits) and diagnostic tests (EEG, psychometric and neuropsychological measures, prolactin level, clinical neuroimaging, autonomic testing). Semiology with video EEG (vEEG) remains the most valuable tool to determine the diagnosis of PNES. With the exception of semiology, very few studies revealed the predictive value of a clinical factor for PNES, and such findings were isolated and not replicated in most cases. Induction techniques, especially when coupled with vEEG, can lead to a captured event, which then confirms the diagnosis. In the absence of a captured event, postevent prolactin level and personality assessment can support the diagnosis but need to be carefully contextualized with other clinical factors. A comprehensive clinical assessment in patients with suspected PNES can identify several clinical factors and may include a number of tests that can support the diagnosis of PNES. This is especially relevant when the gold standard of a captured event with typical semiology on vEEG cannot be obtained.

    View details for DOI 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.19120354

    View details for PubMedID 32778006

  • Hypnosis for Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures and Psychogenic Movement Disorders GATES AND ROWAN'S NONEPILEPTIC SEIZURES, 4TH EDITION Bajestan, S. N., Spiegel, D., Barry, J. J., LaFrance, W. C., Schachter, S. C. 2018: 90-98
  • Psychiatric Presentations of C9orf72 Mutation: What Are the Diagnostic Implications for Clinicians? journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences Ducharme, S., Bajestan, S., Dickerson, B. C., Voon, V. 2017: appineuropsych16090168-?

    Abstract

    The C9orf72 mutation was identified as the most frequent genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In light of multiple reports of predominant psychiatric presentations of FTD secondary to C9orf72 mutation, the American Neuropsychiatric Association Committee on Research reviewed all studies on psychiatric aspects of this mutation to identify clinically relevant features for diagnosis. The most common psychiatric presentation is psychosis (21%-56%), with delusions, and/or multimodal hallucinations. Other presentations include late-onset mania and depression with cognitive impairment or catatonia. However, the frequency of C9orf72 mutations is low in typical schizophrenia or bipolar disorders (<0.1%). The authors provide clinical guidance on diagnosis and genetic testing.

    View details for DOI 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.16090168

    View details for PubMedID 28238272

  • Clinical Approaches to Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures. Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) Bajestan, S. N., LaFrance, W. C. 2016; 14 (4): 422-431

    Abstract

    Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are a subtype of conversion disorder (also called functional neurological symptom disorder in DSM-5). Patients with PNES are high utilizers of health care and can have disability levels similar to those of patients with epilepsy. PNES is a common, complex neuropsychiatric somatoform disorder at the interface of neurology and psychiatry disciplines and is largely overlooked and avoided by mental health providers. Despite advances in establishing accurate diagnosis and evidence-based treatments, recent knowledge about PNES has not been well translated into clinical practice. Long diagnostic delays have been associated with poor prognosis. Recent advances in possible neurophysiological biomarkers include functional MRI studies that show abnormalities in emotional, cognitive, executive, and sensorimotor neurocircuits. Although the gold standard for diagnosis is video electroencephalograph, this test is underused by psychiatrists. The International League Against Epilepsy proposed a staged approach to PNES diagnosis using history, semiologic features, and EEG. Thorough psychiatric assessment can identify relevant biopsychosocial and predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors, as well as assess the comorbid psychiatric disorders, which can inform a treatment plan. Clear and thoughtful delivery of diagnosis is the first step in treatment. Regular follow-up with the patient's neurologist, in addition to treatment by mental health professionals familiar with somatic symptom disorders, is recommended. Psychotherapy is the mainstay of treatment, and randomized clinical trials using cognitive-behavioral therapies reveal significant reduction in seizures and other psychiatric symptoms. After centuries, mental health providers now have access to the tools to diagnose and effectively treat PNES and other conversion disorders.

    View details for DOI 10.1176/appi.focus.20160020

    View details for PubMedID 31975822

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6519589

  • Ethical Considerations in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) Bajestan, S. n., Lockman, J. n., Dunn, L. B. 2016; 14 (4): 477–81

    View details for DOI 10.1176/appi.focus.20160021

    View details for PubMedID 31975828

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6519585

  • Bedtime misalignment and progression of breast cancer. Chronobiology international Hahm, B., Jo, B., Dhabhar, F. S., Palesh, O., Aldridge-Gerry, A., Bajestan, S. N., Neri, E., Nouriani, B., Spiegel, D., Zeitzer, J. M. 2014; 31 (2): 214-221

    Abstract

    Disruption of circadian rhythms, which frequently occurs during night shift work, may be associated with cancer progression. The effect of chronotype (preference for behaviors such as sleep, work, or exercise to occur at particular times of day, with an associated difference in circadian physiology) and alignment of bedtime (preferred vs. habitual), however, have not yet been studied in the context of cancer progression in women with breast cancer. Chronotype and alignment of actual bedtime with preferred chronotype were examined using the Morningness-Eveningness Scale (MEQ) and sleep-wake log among 85 women with metastatic breast cancer. Their association with disease-free interval (DFI) was retrospectively examined using the Cox proportional hazards model. Median DFI was 81.9 months for women with aligned bedtimes ("going to bed at preferred bedtime") (n = 72), and 46.9 months for women with misaligned bedtimes ("going to bed later or earlier than the preferred bedtime") (n = 13) (log rank p = 0.001). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, after controlling for other significant predictors of DFI, including chronotype (morning type/longer DFI; HR = 0.539, 95% CI = 0.320-0.906, p = 0.021), estrogen receptor (ER) status at initial diagnosis (negative/shorter DFI; HR = 2.169, 95% CI = 1.124-4.187, p = 0.028) and level of natural-killer cell count (lower levels/shorter DFI; HR = 1.641, 95% CI = 1.000-2.695, p = 0.050), misaligned bedtimes was associated with shorter DFI, compared to aligned bedtimes (HR = 3.180, 95% CI = 1.327-7.616, p = 0.018). Our data indicate that a misalignment of bedtime on a daily basis, an indication of circadian disruption, is associated with more rapid breast cancer progression as measured by DFI. Considering the limitations of small sample size and study design, a prospective study with a larger sample is necessary to explore their causal relationship and underlying mechanisms.

    View details for DOI 10.3109/07420528.2013.842575

    View details for PubMedID 24156520

  • Association of AKT1 haplotype with the risk of schizophrenia in Iranian population AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART B-NEUROPSYCHIATRIC GENETICS Bajestan, S. N., Sabouri, A. H., Nakamura, M., Takashima, H., Keikhaee, M. R., Behdani, F., Fayyazi, M. R., Sargolzaee, M. R., Bajestan, M. N., Sabouri, Z., Khayami, E., Haghighi, S., Hashemi, S. B., Eiraku, N., Tufani, H., Najmabadi, H., Arimura, K., Sano, A., Osame, M. 2006; 141B (4): 383-386

    Abstract

    AKT-glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) signaling is a target of lithium and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mood disorders and schizophrenia. AKT1 protein level is decreased in the peripheral lymphocytes and brains of schizophrenic patients. The SNP2/3/4 TCG haplotype of AKT1 was associated with schizophrenia in patients with Northern European origin. In the present study, we genotyped five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP1-5) of AKT1 gene according to the original study in Iranians comprising of 321 schizophrenic patients and 383 controls, all residing in Mashhad city, Northeastern Iran. Haplotype analysis showed that the frequency of a five-SNP haplotype (AGCAG) was significantly higher in schizophrenic patients (0.068) than that of controls (0.034) (P = 0.03 after Bonferroni correction, OR = 2.04, CI = 1.2-3.4). In stratified analysis by schizophrenia subtypes, the frequency of the same haplotype was significantly higher in disorganized subtype (n = 78, frequency of haplotype=0.081) when compared with normal controls (P = 0.04 after Bonferroni correction, OR = 2.59, CI = 1.3-5.2). Our findings did not confirm the association of AKT1 SNP2/3/4 TCG haplotype with the risk of schizophrenia as reported in the original study but showed the evidence of association with a different haplotype, AKT1 five-SNP AGCAG haplotype, with the risk of schizophrenia in Iranian population.

    View details for DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30291

    View details for Web of Science ID 000238054200010

    View details for PubMedID 16583435

  • Desert hedgehog-patched 2 expression in peripheral nerves during Wallerian degeneration and regeneration JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY Bajestan, S. N., Umehara, F., Shirahama, Y., Itoh, K., Sharghi-Namini, S., Jessen, K. R., Mirsky, R., Osame, M. 2006; 66 (3): 243-255

    Abstract

    Hedgehog proteins are important in the development of the nervous system. As Desert hedgehog (Dhh) is involved in the development of peripheral nerves and is expressed in adult nerves, it may play a role in the maintenance of adult nerves and degeneration and regeneration after injury. We firstly investigated the Dhh-receptors, which are expressed in mouse adult nerves. The Dhh receptor patched(ptc)2 was detected in adult sciatic nerves using RT-PCR, however, ptc1 was undetectable under the same experimental condition. Using RT-PCR in purified cultures of mouse Schwann cells and fibroblasts, we found ptc2 mRNA in Schwann cells, and at much lower levels, in fibroblasts. By immunohistochemistry, Ptc2 protein was seen on unmyelinated nerve fibers. Then we induced crush injury to the sciatic nerves of wild-type (WT) and dhh-null mice and the distal stumps of injured nerves were analyzed morphologically at different time points and expression of dhh and related receptors was also measured by RT-PCR in WT mice. In dhh-null mice, degeneration of myelinated fibers was more severe than in WT mice. Furthermore, in regenerated nerves of dhh-null mice, minifascicular formation was even more extensive than in dhh-null intact nerves. Both dhh and ptc2 mRNA levels were down-regulated during the degenerative phase postinjury in WT mice, while levels rose again during the phase of nerve regeneration. These results suggest that the Dhh-Ptc2 signaling pathway may be involved in the maintenance of adult nerves and may be one of the factors that directly or indirectly determines the response of peripheral nerves to injury.

    View details for DOI 10.1002/neu.20216

    View details for Web of Science ID 000235052600005

    View details for PubMedID 16329124

  • Differences in viral and host genetic risk factors for development of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis between Iranian and Japanese HTLV-1-infected individuals JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY Sabouri, A. H., Saito, M., Usuku, K., Bajestan, S. N., Mahmoudi, M., Forughipour, M., Sabouri, Z., Abbaspour, Z., Goharjoo, M. E., Khayami, E., Hasani, A., Izumo, S., Arimura, K., Farid, R., Osamel, M. 2005; 86: 773-781

    Abstract

    Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a neurological disease observed only in 1-2 % of infected individuals. HTLV-1 provirus load, certain HLA alleles and HTLV-1 tax subgroups are reported to be associated with different levels of risk for HAM/TSP in Kagoshima, Japan. Here, it was determined whether these risk factors were also valid for HTLV-1-infected individuals in Mashhad in northeastern Iran, another region of endemic HTLV-1 infection. In Iranian HTLV-1-infected individuals (n=132, 58 HAM/TSP patients and 74 seropositive asymptomatic carriers), although HLA-DRB1*0101 was associated with disease susceptibility in the absence of HLA-A*02 (P=0.038; odds ratio=2.71) as observed in Kagoshima, HLA-A*02 and HLA-Cw*08 had no effect on either the risk of developing HAM/TSP or HTLV-1 provirus load. All Iranian subjects possessed tax subgroup A sequences, and the protective effects of HLA-A*02 were observed only in Kagoshima subjects with tax subgroup B but not in those with tax subgroup A. Both the prevalence of HTLV-1 subgroups and the host genetic background may explain the different risks levels for HAM/TSP development in these two populations.

    View details for DOI 10.1099/vir.0.80509-0

    View details for Web of Science ID 000227367500029

    View details for PubMedID 15722539

  • High seroprotection rate induced by intradermal administration of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in young healthy adults: Comparison with standard intramuscular vaccination EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY Ghabouli, M. J., Sabouri, A. H., Shoeibi, N., Bajestan, S. N., Baradaran, H. 2004; 19 (9): 871-875

    Abstract

    Intradermal (ID) vaccination has been proposed as a cost-saving alternative for administration of Hepatitis B (HB) vaccine to implement of mass vaccination of high-risk groups, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, the effectiveness of ID vaccination needs to be evaluated and verified in different ethnic backgrounds. The present study is a randomized trail using a recombinant vaccine (Heberbiovac) to compare immunogenecity and safety of an intradermal low-dose (4 microg) with standard dose (20 microg) of intramuscular (IM) vaccination in healthy Iranian population. Participants were 143 healthy Iranian medical and nursing students randomly allocated to ID or IM vaccination group. The vaccine was inoculated at 0, 1 and 6 months intervals. Serum samples were collected 1 month after the last vaccination and the anti-HBs response was determined using ELISA. The overall seroprotection rate (anti-HBs level > or = 10 IU/L) was 97.3% for ID vaccination group, which was not different from that of IM vaccination group (98.55%) (p = 0.99). Similarly, geometric mean titers (GMT) of anti-HBs were not significantly different between ID (1164.1 IU/L) and IM (1071.8 IU/L) vaccination groups (p = 0.4). There was no significant difference in seroprotection rate and GMT of anti-HBs between sexes. Although induration and hyperpigmentation at the site of injection were more frequently observed in ID vaccination group, no other clinically adverse effects were observed in both vaccination groups. We conclude that the ID route, which would require one-fifth of the standard dose, would be suitable for use in certain groups such as high-risk adults when the cost of vaccine is the inhibiting factor for mass vaccination.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000223739100007

    View details for PubMedID 15499897