Andrew A. Shelton, MD, FACS, FACRS
Clinical Professor, Surgery - General Surgery
Web page: http://web.stanford.edu/people/shelton
Clinical Focus
- Cancer > GI Oncology
- Rectal Cancer
- Colorectal Cancer
- Crohn's Disease
- Colorectal Cancer - Surgery
- Gastrointestinal Cancers
- Gastrointestinal Cancers - Surgical Oncology
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
- Ulcerative Colitis
- Laparoscopic colorectal surgery
- Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures
- General Surgery
Academic Appointments
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Clinical Professor, Surgery - General Surgery
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Member, Stanford Cancer Institute
Administrative Appointments
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Clinical Director Medical Informatics, Stanford University Hospital and Clinics (2006 - Present)
Honors & Awards
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Phi Beta Kappa, University of Colorado (1987)
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Alpha Omega Alpha, University of Wisconsin (1991)
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Resident Research Award, University of Minnesota (1998)
Professional Education
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Residency: UCSF General Surgery Residency (1996) CA
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Internship: UCSF General Surgery Residency (1992) CA
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Board Certification: American Board of Surgery, General Surgery (1997)
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Board Certification: American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Colon and Rectal Surgery (1999)
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Fellowship: University of Minnesota (1998) MN
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Fellowship, University of Minnesota, Colon and Rectal Surgery (1998)
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Residency, UCSF, General Surgery (1996)
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Medical Education: University of Wisconsin Medical School (1991) WI
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M.D., University of Wisconsin, Medicine (1991)
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B.A., University of Colorado, Molecular Biology (1987)
Community and International Work
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Community Medical Advisory Committee
Topic
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Partnering Organization(s)
Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America
Populations Served
Patients and families with Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Ongoing Project
Yes
Opportunities for Student Involvement
No
Current Research and Scholarly Interests
Multimodality treatment of rectal cancer
Sphincter preserving procedures for rectal cancer
Laparoscopic colon and rectal surgery
Surgical education
Clinical Trials
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A Phase 1-2 Trial of Cetuximab in Combination With Oxaliplatin, Capecitabine, and Radiation Therapy Followed by Surgery for Locally-advanced Rectal Cancer
Not Recruiting
The objectives of this study are to: 1. To assess dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of capecitabine +/- oxaliplatin in a combination regimen with capecitabine and radiotherapy (Phase 1) 2. To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) when capecitabine * oxaliplatin in a combination regimen with capecitabine and radiotherapy (Phase 1) 3. To determine the pathologic response rate of cetuximab +/- oxaliplatin in combination with capecitabine and radiotherapy (Phase 2)
Stanford is currently not accepting patients for this trial. For more information, please contact Heidi Kaiser, (650) 724 - 0079.
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A Study of an Antibiotic Implant in General Surgical Subjects at Higher Risk for Surgical Wound Infection
Not Recruiting
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the gentamicin-collagen sponge is safe and effective for preventing surgical wound infections in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
Stanford is currently not accepting patients for this trial. For more information, please contact Moe Jalali, (650) 724 - 4023.
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Assessment of Health Related Quality of Life in Patients Treated for Rectal Cancer
Not Recruiting
Treatment of rectal cancer often consists of surgical resection of the tumor. Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy are frequently given before or after surgery. In this study, we wish to learn if there are differences in the treatment effectiveness or in the quality of life of patients based on their type of treatment (e.g. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy before or after surgery). Information from this questionnaire collected from you and other patients may help improve the quality of life of rectal cancer patients in the future. Medical information on your tumor, treatment received, and side effects will be compiled and maintained in a database to learn more about outcomes of treatment for rectal cancer.
Stanford is currently not accepting patients for this trial. For more information, please contact Moe Jalali, (650) 724 - 4023.
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Capecitabine, Oxaliplatin, and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients Who Are Undergoing Surgery for Stage I Rectal Cancer
Not Recruiting
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as capecitabine and oxaliplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill tumor cells. Oxaliplatin may make tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. Giving capecitabine and oxaliplatin together with radiation therapy before surgery may shrink the tumor so it can be removed. PURPOSE: This phase II trial is studying how well giving capecitabine and oxaliplatin together with radiation therapy works in treating patients who are undergoing surgery for stage I rectal cancer.
Stanford is currently not accepting patients for this trial. For more information, please contact Moe Jalali, (650) 724 - 4023.
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Early Removal of Urinary Catheters in Patients After Rectal Surgery: a Prospective Study
Not Recruiting
Recent national surgical quality guidelines (Surgical Care Improvement Project, National Hospital Inpatient Quality Measures)state that removal of urinary catheters should occur by post-operative day two for all surgical patients. These guidelines exclude neither patients who have undergone rectal surgery nor those with epidural analgesic catheters. The common practice among most colorectal surgeons is to leave urinary catheters in for three to five days for patients who have undergone rectal operations, due to concern for urinary retention. This study aims to explore the outcomes of following the national surgical guidelines for early urinary catheter removal, especially with regards to urinary retention and urinary tract infection.
Stanford is currently not accepting patients for this trial. For more information, please contact Moe Jalali, MD, 650-724-4023.
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Effect of Celecoxib on Perioperative Inflammatory Response in Colon Cancer
Not Recruiting
The proposed study aims to investigate how the administration of a drug known to reduce inflammation in humans, Celecoxib, will effect the peri-operative inflammatory response of a patient undergoing primary tumor resection surgery for colon cancer. The proposed project is an exploratory study, and will use data from blood samples and tumor samples to attempt to elucidate the immune and inflammatory response in colon cancer patients undergoing primary resection of their tumors.
Stanford is currently not accepting patients for this trial. For more information, please contact Julia McNeal, (650) 723 - 9433.
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Efficacy and Safety of LifeSeal™ Kit for Colorectal Staple Line Sealing
Not Recruiting
LifeSeal™ Kit, surgical sealant designed for staple-line reinforcement that is applied over the anastomotic line to prevent bowel content leakage until full physiological function is restored. RATIONALE : Postoperative anastomotic leakage is one of the most devastating and feared complications in colorectal surgery. The risk of postoperative anastomotic leakage varies widely depending on the level of anastomosis while the risk is higher in low anastomosis. In order to best demonstrate the benefits of LifeSeal™ in providing staple line reinforcement and helping to reduce leaks, the study includes high risk anastomoses, defined as colorectal and coloanal anastomoses performed within 10 cm from the anal verge. STUDY DESIGN: This study is designed as a prospective, multi-center, multinational randomized, single-blind, double armed study PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of LifeSeal™ Kit as measured by the change in overall anastomotic leak rates in subjects undergoing low anterior resection with an anastomosis below 10 cm from the anal verge, over the first 17 weeks after surgery. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: The secondary objective of this study is to assess the incidence of post-operative leaks and additional benefits that could be related to the use of LifeSeal™ Kit such as reducing the severity and improving the outcome of a leak once it has occurred. In addition, the study will allow for collection and analysis of additional safety data and usability assessment of the device, medical resource utilization, and health related quality of life measures.
Stanford is currently not accepting patients for this trial. For more information, please contact Cancer Clinical Trials Office (CCTO), 650-498-7061.
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Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin With or Without Bevacizumab in Treating Patients Who Have Undergone Surgery for Stage II or Stage III Colon Cancer
Not Recruiting
This randomized phase III trial is studying giving oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil together with bevacizumab to see how well it works compared to oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil alone in treating patients who have undergone surgery for stage II or stage III colon cancer. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil, work in different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Monoclonal antibodies such as bevacizumab can locate tumor cells and either kill them or deliver tumor-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. Bevacizumab may also stop the growth of tumor cells by stopping blood flow to the tumor. Giving chemotherapy together with bevacizumab may kill more tumor cells. It is not yet known whether treatment with oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil is more effective with or without bevacizumab in treating patients who have undergone surgery for colon cancer.
Stanford is currently not accepting patients for this trial. For more information, please contact Marilyn Florero, 650-724-1953.
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Molecular Genetic and Pathological Studies of Anal Tumors
Not Recruiting
Study the Genetics of Anal Cancer
Stanford is currently not accepting patients for this trial. For more information, please contact Moe Jalali, 650-724-4023.
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Parastomal Reinforcement With Strattice
Not Recruiting
The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for a permanent abdominal wall ostomy with and without placement of Strattice fascial inlay, as measured by postoperative occurence of parastomal hernia.
Stanford is currently not accepting patients for this trial. For more information, please contact Moe Jalali, (650) 724 - 4023.
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Perfusion CT as a Predictor of Treatment Response in Patients With Rectal Cancer
Not Recruiting
A research study of rectal cancer perfusion (how blood flows to the rectum over time). We hope to learn whether perfusion characteristics of rectal masses may be predictive of response to treatment and whether rectal perfusion characteristics can be used to follow response to treatment.
Stanford is currently not accepting patients for this trial. For more information, please contact Laura Gable, 650-736-0798.
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QOL & Functional Outcomes After Combined Modality Tx for Anal CA: Comparison of Conventional vs IMRT
Not Recruiting
The purpose of this study is show that intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), as compared with conventional radiotherapy, improves the precision of tumor targeting and reduces the acute and late effects of radiation toxicity when used to treat anal cancer. Results from this work will provide a basis for incorporating the use of IMRT to treat anal cancer in future treatment protocols.
Stanford is currently not accepting patients for this trial. For more information, please contact Moe Jalali, (650) 724 - 4023.
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Rosuvastatin in Treating Patients With Stage I or Stage II Colon Cancer That Was Removed By Surgery
Not Recruiting
RATIONALE: Rosuvastatin may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Giving rosuvastatin after surgery may kill any tumor cells that remain after surgery. It may also keep polyps from forming or colon cancer from coming back. It is not yet known whether rosuvastatin is more effective than a placebo in treating colon cancer that was removed by surgery. PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial is studying rosuvastatin to see how well it works compared with placebo in treating patients with stage I or stage II colon cancer that was removed by surgery.
Stanford is currently not accepting patients for this trial. For more information, please contact Shannon Meyer, (650) 724 - 1953.
2024-25 Courses
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Independent Studies (4)
- Directed Reading in Surgery
SURG 299 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Graduate Research
SURG 399 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Medical Scholars Research
SURG 370 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Undergraduate Research
SURG 199 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum)
- Directed Reading in Surgery
All Publications
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GITR and TIGIT immunotherapy provokes divergent multicellular responses in the tumor microenvironment of gastrointestinal cancers.
Genome medicine
2023; 15 (1): 100
Abstract
Understanding the mechanistic effects of novel immunotherapy agents is critical to improving their successful clinical translation. These effects need to be studied in preclinical models that maintain the heterogenous tumor microenvironment (TME) and dysfunctional cell states found in a patient's tumor. We investigated immunotherapy perturbations targeting co-stimulatory molecule GITR and co-inhibitory immune checkpoint TIGIT in a patient-derived ex vivo system that maintains the TME in its near-native state. Leveraging single-cell genomics, we identified cell type-specific transcriptional reprogramming in response to immunotherapy perturbations.We generated ex vivo tumor slice cultures from fresh surgical resections of gastric and colon cancer and treated them with GITR agonist or TIGIT antagonist antibodies. We applied paired single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing to the original surgical resections, control, and treated ex vivo tumor slice cultures. We additionally confirmed target expression using multiplex immunofluorescence and validated our findings with RNA in situ hybridization.We confirmed that tumor slice cultures maintained the cell types, transcriptional cell states and proportions of the original surgical resection. The GITR agonist was limited to increasing effector gene expression only in cytotoxic CD8 T cells. Dysfunctional exhausted CD8 T cells did not respond to GITR agonist. In contrast, the TIGIT antagonist increased TCR signaling and activated both cytotoxic and dysfunctional CD8 T cells. This included cells corresponding to TCR clonotypes with features indicative of potential tumor antigen reactivity. The TIGIT antagonist also activated T follicular helper-like cells and dendritic cells, and reduced markers of immunosuppression in regulatory T cells.We identified novel cellular mechanisms of action of GITR and TIGIT immunotherapy in the patients' TME. Unlike the GITR agonist that generated a limited transcriptional response, TIGIT antagonist orchestrated a multicellular response involving CD8 T cells, T follicular helper-like cells, dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells. Our experimental strategy combining single-cell genomics with preclinical models can successfully identify mechanisms of action of novel immunotherapy agents. Understanding the cellular and transcriptional mechanisms of response or resistance will aid in prioritization of targets and their clinical translation.
View details for DOI 10.1186/s13073-023-01259-3
View details for PubMedID 38008725
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC10680277
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Barriers and Facilitators of Surgical Prehabilitation Adherence from the Patient Perspective: a Mixed Method Study.
Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract
2023
Abstract
Adherence to prehabilitation is crucial for optimal benefit, but reasons for low adherence to home-based programs remain unexplored. Our aim was to identify and explore barriers and facilitators to prehabilitation adherence among patients undergoing abdominal surgery.Nested in a single-center randomized controlled trial on prehabilitation (Perioperative Optimization With Enhanced Recovery (POWER)), this study had an explanatory sequential design with a connect integration. Patients randomized to the intervention arm were included in the quantitative analysis, and a subset of them was invited for a semi-structured interview. The exposure was the frequency of barriers to physical activity and healthy eating, and the outcome was adherence to those components of prehabilitation. Logistic or linear regression was used as appropriate.Among 133 participants in the intervention arm, 116 (87.2%) completed the initial survey ((56.9% women, median age 61 years old (IQR 49.0; 69.4)). The most frequent barriers to exercise and healthy eating were medical issues (59%) and lack of motivation (31%), respectively. There was no significant association between the barriers to physical activity score and adherence to this component of the program (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.78-1.02, p=0.09). Higher barriers to healthy eating scores were associated with lower Mediterranean diet scores pre- and post-intervention (coef.: -0.32, 95% CI: -0.49; -0.15, p<0.001; and coef.: -0.27, 95% CI: -0.47; -0.07, p=0.01, respectively). Interviews with 15 participants revealed that participating in prehabilitation was a motivator for healthy eating and exercising through goal setting, time-efficient workouts, and promoting self-efficacy.We identified key barriers to be addressed and facilitators to be leveraged in future prehabilitation programs.NCT04504266.
View details for DOI 10.1007/s11605-023-05857-9
View details for PubMedID 37848690
View details for PubMedCentralID 7165160
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GITR and TIGIT immunotherapy provokes divergent multi-cellular responses in the tumor microenvironment of gastrointestinal cancers.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
2023
Abstract
Understanding the cellular mechanisms of novel immunotherapy agents in the human tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical to their clinical success. We examined GITR and TIGIT immunotherapy in gastric and colon cancer patients using ex vivo slice tumor slice cultures derived from cancer surgical resections. This primary culture system maintains the original TME in a near-native state. We applied paired single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing to identify cell type specific transcriptional reprogramming. The GITR agonist was limited to increasing effector gene expression only in cytotoxic CD8 T cells. The TIGIT antagonist increased TCR signaling and activated both cytotoxic and dysfunctional CD8 T cells, including clonotypes indicative of potential tumor antigen reactivity. The TIGIT antagonist also activated T follicular helper-like cells and dendritic cells, and reduced markers of immunosuppression in regulatory T cells. Overall, we identified cellular mechanisms of action of these two immunotherapy targets in the patients' TME.
View details for DOI 10.1101/2023.03.13.532299
View details for PubMedID 36993756
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC10054933
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Association of an Online Home-Based Prehabilitation Program With Outcomes After Colorectal Surgery.
JAMA surgery
2022
Abstract
This quality improvement study evaluates the association of an online home-based patient prehabilitation program with colorectal surgery outcomes.
View details for DOI 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.4485
View details for PubMedID 36322070
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Adherence to a Home-Based Prehabilitation Program for Patients Undergoing Colorectal Surgery.
Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract
2022
View details for DOI 10.1007/s11605-022-05446-2
View details for PubMedID 36050618
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Integrated single-cell and plasma proteomic modeling to predict surgical site complications, a prospective cohort study
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2022: 1204-1205
View details for Web of Science ID 000840283001162
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Phase II trial of organ preservation program using short-course radiation and folfoxiri for rectal cancer (SHORT-FOX)
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2022
View details for DOI 10.1200/JCO.2022.40.4_suppl.TPS218
View details for Web of Science ID 000770995900213
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Association of Prehabilitation With Postoperative Opioid Use in Colorectal Surgery: An Observational Cohort Study.
The Journal of surgical research
1800; 273: 226-232
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Preoperative optimization programs have demonstrated positive effects on perioperative physical function and surgical outcomes. In nonsurgical populations, physical activity and healthy diet may reduce pain and pain medication requirement, but this has not been studied in surgical patients. Our aim was to determine whether a preoperative diet and exercise intervention affects postoperative pain and pain medication use.METHODS: Patients undergoing abdominal colorectal surgery were invited to participate in a web-based patient engagement program. Those enrolling in the first and third time periods received information on the standard perioperative pathway (enhanced recovery after surgery [ERAS]). Those enrolling in the second time period also received reminders on nutrition and exercise (PREHAB+ERAS). The primary outcome was postoperative inpatient opioid use. The secondary outcomes were inpatient postoperative pain scores and nonopioid pain medication use.RESULTS: The ERAS and PREHAB+ERAS groups were similar in demographic and operative characteristics. Subgroup analysis of patients who activated their accounts demonstrated that the two groups had similar average maximum daily pain scores, but the PREHAB+ERAS group (n=158) used 15.9 fewer oral morphine equivalents per postoperative inpatient day than the ERAS group (n=92), representing a 30% decrease (53mg versus 37.1mg, P=0.04). The two groups used comparable amounts of acetaminophen, gabapentin, and ketorolac. Generalized linear models demonstrated that PREHAB+ERAS, minimally invasive surgery, and older age were associated with lower inpatient opioid use.CONCLUSIONS: Access to a web-based preoperative diet and exercise program may reduce inpatient opioid use after major elective colorectal surgery. Further studies are necessary to determine whether the degree of adherence to nutrition and physical activity recommendations has a dose-dependent effect on opioid use.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jss.2021.12.023
View details for PubMedID 35101683
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Integrated Single-Cell and Plasma Proteomic Modeling to Predict Surgical Site Complications: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Annals of surgery
1800
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether single-cell and plasma proteomic elements of the host's immune response to surgery accurately identify patients who develop a surgical site complication (SSC) after major abdominal surgery.SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: SSCs may occur in up to 25% of patients undergoing bowel resection, resulting in significant morbidity and economic burden. However, the accurate prediction of SSCs remains clinically challenging. Leveraging high-content proteomic technologies to comprehensively profile patients' immune response to surgery is a promising approach to identify predictive biological factors of SSCs.METHODS: Forty-one patients undergoing non-cancer bowel resection were prospectively enrolled. Blood samples collected before surgery and on postoperative day one (POD1) were analyzed using a combination of single-cell mass cytometry and plasma proteomics. The primary outcome was the occurrence of an SSC, including surgical site infection, anastomotic leak, or wound dehiscence within 30 days of surgery.RESULTS: A multiomic model integrating the single-cell and plasma proteomic data collected on POD1 accurately differentiated patients with (n = 11) and without (n = 30) an SSC [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.86]. Model features included coregulated proinflammatory (eg, IL-6- and MyD88- signaling responses in myeloid cells) and immunosuppressive (eg, JAK/STAT signaling responses in M-MDSCs and Tregs) events preceding an SSC. Importantly, analysis of the immunological data obtained before surgery also yielded a model accurately predicting SSCs (AUC = 0.82).CONCLUSIONS: The multiomic analysis of patients' immune response after surgery and immune state before surgery revealed systemic immune signatures preceding the development of SSCs. Our results suggest that integrating immunological data in perioperative risk assessment paradigms is a plausible strategy to guide individualized clinical care.
View details for DOI 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005348
View details for PubMedID 34954754
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MOTIVATIONS AND BARRIERS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION OF A RECTAL CANCER SYNOPTIC OPERATIVE REPORT: A PROCESS EVALUATION.
Diseases of the colon and rectum
2021
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Use of synoptic reporting has been shown to improve documentation of critical information and provide added value related to data access and extraction, data reliability, relevant detail, and completeness of information. Surgeon acceptance and adoption of synoptic reports has lagged behind other specialties.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the process of implementing a synoptic operative report.DESIGN: Mixed methods process evaluation including surveys and qualitative interviews.SETTINGS: Colorectal Surgery practices across the United States.PATIENTS: Twenty-eight board-certified colorectal surgeons.INTERVENTIONS: Implementation of the synoptic operative report for rectal cancer.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Acceptability, feasibility, and usability measured by Likert-type survey questions and followed up with individual interviews to elicit experiences with implementation as well as motivations and barriers to use.RESULTS: Among all study participants, 28 surgeons completed the electronic survey (76% response rate) and 21 (57%) completed the telephone interview. Mean usability was 4.14 (range=1-5, standard error (SE)=0.15), mean feasibility was 3.90 (SE=0.15), and acceptability was 3.98 (SE=0.18). Participants indicated substantial administrative and technical support were necessary but not always available for implementation and many were frustrated by the need to change their workflow.LIMITATIONS: Most surgeon participants were male, white, had >12 years in practice, and used Epic electronic medical record systems. Therefore, they may not represent the perspectives of all U.S. colon and rectal surgeons. Additionally, as the synoptic operative report is implemented more broadly across the U.S., it will be important to consider variations in the process by EMR system.CONCLUSIONS: The synoptic operative report for rectal cancer was generally easy to implement and incorporate into workflow but surgeons remained concerned about additional burden without immediate and tangible value. In spite of recognizing benefits, many participants indicated they only implemented the synoptic operative report because it was mandated by the National Accreditation Program for Rectal Cancer. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B735.
View details for DOI 10.1097/DCR.0000000000002202
View details for PubMedID 34711713
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Engagement and Adherence with a Web-Based Prehabilitation Program for Patients Awaiting Abdominal Colorectal Surgery.
Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract
2021
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Understanding the drivers of patient engagement and adherence is critical to developing and implementing preoperative optimization programs. The aim of this project is to determine whether existing health beliefs are associated with engagement and adherence in a home-based online prehabilitation program.METHODS: Patients undergoing abdominal colorectal operations were enrolled in an online nutrition and exercise program. We collected baseline health beliefs and mindsets, daily exercises, and weekly diet recalls. Multivariable binary logistic regression predicted engagement, multivariable ordinary least squares regression predicted diet adherence, and generalized linear models with a binomial distribution predicted engagement and exercise adherence.RESULTS: Of the 227 patients who agreed to participate, 75% activated their accounts; of those, 75% used the program. Engagement with the program was unrelated to health beliefs or mindsets. Positive diet-related health beliefs and a growth mindset were associated with positive diet behaviors and inversely associated with negative diet behaviors. Exercise-related health beliefs and mindsets were not associated with exercise adherence. Patients enrolled within 4weeks of surgery used the program more than those enrolled more than 4weeks from surgery.CONCLUSIONS: This app-based prehabilitation program demonstrated moderate acceptability, engagement, and adherence. Addressing health beliefs and mindsets may be an effective way of increasing adherence to diet recommendations. To increase adherence to exercise recommendations, further assessment of potential barriers is critical. While an online platform is a highly promising scalable strategy, more customization and user engagement are necessary to make it an effective way of delivering a preoperative health behavior change intervention.
View details for DOI 10.1007/s11605-021-05171-2
View details for PubMedID 34668165
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Impact of policy-based and institutional interventions on postoperative opioid prescribing practices.
American journal of surgery
2021
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We assessed the impact of policy-based and institutional interventions to limit postoperative opioid prescribing.METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent laparoscopic/open appendectomies, laparoscopic/open cholecystectomies, and laparoscopic/open inguinal hernia repair during a 6-month interval in 2018 (control), 2019 (post-policy intervention), and 2020 (post-institutional intervention) to assess changes in postoperative opioid prescribing patterns. A survey was collected for the 2020 cohort.RESULTS: Comparing the 762 patients identified in 2018, 2019, and 2020 cohorts there was a significant decrease in mean opioid tabs prescribed (23.5±8.9 vs. 16.2±7.0 vs. 12.8±4.9, p<0.01) and mean OME dosage (148.0±68.0 vs. 108.6±51.8 vs. 95.4±38.0, p<0.01), without a difference in refill requests. Patient survey (response rate 63%) indicated 91.4% of patients reported sufficient pain control.CONCLUSION: Formalized opioid-prescribing guidelines and statewide regulations can significantly decrease postoperative opioid prescribing with good patient satisfaction. Surgeon education may facilitate efforts to minimize narcotic over-prescription without compromising pain management.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.02.004
View details for PubMedID 33593614
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A Deep Immune Profiling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Reveals Disordered Immune Cell Frequencies Before and in Response to Major Abdominal Operations
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. 2020: S50
View details for Web of Science ID 000582792300069
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Not in the Same Vein: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Malignancy, and Enterocolic Lymphocytic Phlebitis.
Digestive diseases and sciences
2020
View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-020-06425-w
View details for PubMedID 32594463
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IMMUNE PROFILING TO PREDICT RECOVERY OUTCOMES AFTER SURGERY
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2020: 66–67
View details for Web of Science ID 000587668800152
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Dealing with your first complications: Strategies for anticipation, management, communication, and support
SEMINARS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY
2020; 31 (1)
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.scrs.2019.100721
View details for Web of Science ID 000514198300012
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Implementation of a Synoptic Operative Report for Rectal Cancer: A Mixed-Methods Study.
Diseases of the colon and rectum
2020; 63 (2): 190–99
Abstract
The National Accreditation Program for Rectal Cancer is a collaborative effort to improve the quality of rectal cancer care, including multidisciplinary assessment, treatment planning, and documentation using synoptic radiology, pathology, and operative reports.The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation and use of a synoptic operative report for rectal cancer.This was a convergent mixed-methods implementation study of electronic medical record data, surveys, and qualitative interviews.The study was conducted at US medical centers.Colorectal surgeons were included.After development, the synoptic operative report was iteratively revised and ultimately approved by the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Executive Council and the National Accreditation Program for Rectal Cancer and then implemented into participants' institutional electronic medical record systems.Change in fidelity to documentation of 19 critical items after implementation of synoptic reports and in-depth details and perspectives about the synoptic operative report were measured.Thirty-seven surgeons from 14 institutions submitted preimplementation operative reports (n = 180); 32 of 37 surgeons submitted postimplementation reports (n = 118). The operation type, approach, and formation of a stoma were present in >70% of preimplementation reports; however, the location of the tumor, the type of reconstruction, and the distal margin were reported in <50%. Each item was present in ≥89% of postimplementation reports. Twenty eight of 37 participants completed the survey, and 21 of 37 participants completed qualitative interviews. Emergent themes included concerns for additional burden and time constraints using the synoptic report themselves, as well as errors or absent information in traditional narrative operative reports of other surgeons.The study was limited by its sample size, cross-sectional nature, specialized centers, and inclusion of colorectal surgeons only.Although fidelity to the 19 items substantially increased after implementation of the synoptic report, reactions to the synoptic report varied among surgeons. Many indicated concerns that it would hinder workflow or add extra time burden. Others felt the synoptic report could indirectly improve rectal cancer quality of care and provide useful data for quality improvement and research. More work is needed to update and improve the synoptic operative report and streamline the workflow. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B100. IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN INFORME OPERATIVO SINÓPTICO PARA EL CÁNCER DE RECTO: UN ESTUDIO UTILIZANDO MÉTODOS MIXTOS: El Programa Nacional de Acreditación para el Cáncer Rectal es una iniciativa de colaboración para mejorar la calidad de la atención del cáncer rectal, utilizando evaluación multidisciplinaria, planificación del tratamiento y documentación mediante radiología sinóptica, patología e informes quirúrgicos.Examinar la implementación y el uso de un informe operativo sinóptico para el cáncer de recto.Estudio de implementación de métodos mixtos convergentes de datos de registros médicos electrónicos, encuestas y entrevistas cualitativas.Centros médicos de los Estados Unidos.Cirujanos colorrectales.Después de su formulación, el informe operativo sinóptico fue revisado de forma iterativa y finalmente aprobado por el Consejo Ejecutivo de la Sociedad Americana de Cirujanos de Colon y Rectal y el Programa Nacional de Acreditación para el Cáncer Rectal. Posteriormente, se implementó en los sistemas de registros médicos electrónicos institucionales de los participantes.Cambios en la precisión de documentación de 19 ítems críticos después de la implementación de informes sinópticos; Revisión de detalles y perspectivas en a profundidad sobre el informe operativo sinóptico.Treinta y siete cirujanos de 14 instituciones presentaron informes operativos previos a la implementación (n = 180); 32/37 cirujanos presentaron informes posteriores a la implementación (n = 118). El tipo de operación, el enfoque y la formación de un estoma estuvieron presentes en > 70% de los informes previos a la implementación; sin embargo, la ubicación del tumor, el tipo de reconstrucción y el margen distal se informaron en <50%. Cada ítem estuvo presente en > 89% de los informes posteriores a la implementación. 28/37 participantes completaron la encuesta y 21/37 participantes completaron entrevistas cualitativas. Los temas emergentes incluyeron preocupaciones por la carga adicional y las limitaciones de tiempo usando el informe sinóptico en sí, y errores o información ausente en los informes operativos narrativos tradicionales de otros cirujanos.Tamaño de la muestra, estudio transversal, centros especializados, cirujanos colorrectales solamente.Aunque la fidelidad a los 19 ítems aumentó sustancialmente después de la implementación del informe sinóptico, las reacciones al informe sinóptico variaron entre los cirujanos. Muchos indicaron preocupaciones de que obstaculizaría el flujo de trabajo o agregaría una carga de tiempo adicional. Otros consideraron que el informe sinóptico podría mejorar indirectamente la calidad de la atención del cáncer de recto y proporcionar datos útiles para la mejora de la calidad y la investigación. Se necesita más trabajo para actualizar y mejorar el informe operativo sinóptico y agilizar el flujo de trabajo. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B100. (Traducción-Dr. Adrian E. Ortega).
View details for DOI 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001518
View details for PubMedID 31914112
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Pelvic/Perineal Reconstruction: Time to Consider the Anterolateral Thigh Flap as a First-line Option?
Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open
2020; 8 (4): e2733
Abstract
Abdominoperineal resection (APR) and pelvic exenteration continue to be common procedures for the treatment of colorectal malignancy. The workhorse flap for reconstruction in these instances has been the vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. The associated donor site morbidity, however, cannot be ignored. Here, we provide a review of the literature and present the senior author's (A.M.) experience using the pedicled anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap for reconstruction of soft tissue defects following APR and pelvic exenteration.Patients who underwent pelvic/perineal reconstruction with pedicled ALT flaps between 2017 and 2019 were included in the study. Parameters of interest included age, gender, body mass index, comorbidities, history of radiation, extent of ablative surgery, and postoperative complication rate.A total of 23 patients (16 men and 7 women) with a median age and body mass index of 66 years (inter-quartile range [IQR]: 49-71 years) and 24.9 kg/m2 (IQR: 24.2-26.7 kg/m2) were included in the study, respectively. Thirteen (56.5%) patients presented with rectal cancer, 5 (21.7%) with anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 4 (17.4%) with Crohn's disease, and 1 (4.3%) with Paget's disease. Nineteen patients (82.6%) received neoadjuvant radiation. Nine (39.1%) patients experienced 11 complications (2 major and 9 minor). The most common complication was partial perineal wound dehiscence (N = 6 [26.1%]). Stable soft tissue coverage was achieved in all but one patient.The ALT flap allows for stable soft tissue coverage following APR and pelvic exenteration without being associated with abdominal donor site morbidity. Consideration to its use as a first-line reconstructive option should be given in pelvic/perineal reconstruction.
View details for DOI 10.1097/GOX.0000000000002733
View details for PubMedID 32440406
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC7209827
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Elucidating the fundamental fibrotic processes driving abdominal adhesion formation.
Nature communications
2020; 11 (1): 4061
Abstract
Adhesions are fibrotic scars that form between abdominal organs following surgery or infection, and may cause bowel obstruction, chronic pain, or infertility. Our understanding of adhesion biology is limited, which explains the paucity of anti-adhesion treatments. Here we present a systematic analysis of mouse and human adhesion tissues. First, we show that adhesions derive primarily from the visceral peritoneum, consistent with our clinical experience that adhesions form primarily following laparotomy rather than laparoscopy. Second, adhesions are formed by poly-clonal proliferating tissue-resident fibroblasts. Third, using single cell RNA-sequencing, we identify heterogeneity among adhesion fibroblasts, which is more pronounced at early timepoints. Fourth, JUN promotes adhesion formation and results in upregulation of PDGFRA expression. With JUN suppression, adhesion formation is diminished. Our findings support JUN as a therapeutic target to prevent adhesions. An anti-JUN therapy that could be applied intra-operatively to prevent adhesion formation could dramatically improve the lives of surgical patients.
View details for DOI 10.1038/s41467-020-17883-1
View details for PubMedID 32792541
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Oncologic and Perioperative Outcomes of Laparoscopic, Open, and Robotic Approaches for Rectal Cancer Resection: A Multicenter, Propensity Score-Weighted Cohort Study.
Diseases of the colon and rectum
2019
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive approaches have been shown to reduce surgical site complications without compromising oncologic outcomes.OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the rates of successful oncologic resection and postoperative outcomes among laparoscopic, open, and robotic approaches to rectal cancer resection.DESIGN: This is a multicenter, quasiexperimental cohort study using propensity score weighting.SETTINGS: Interventions were performed in hospitals participating in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.PATIENTS: Adult patients who underwent rectal cancer resection in 2016 were included.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was a composite variable indicating successful oncologic resection, defined as negative distal and radial margins with at least 12 lymph nodes evaluated.RESULTS: Among 1028 rectal cancer resections, 206 (20%) were approached laparoscopically, 192 (18.7%) were approached robotically, and 630 (61.3%) were open. After propensity score weighting, there were no significant sociodemographic or preoperative clinical differences among subcohorts. Compared to the laparoscopic approach, open and robotic approaches were associated with a decreased likelihood of successful oncologic resection (ORadj = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-0.94 and ORadj = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.37-0.97), and the open approach was associated with an increased likelihood of surgical site complications (ORadj = 2.53; 95% CI, 1.61-3.959). Compared to the laparoscopic approach, the open approach was associated with longer length of stay (6.8 vs 8.6 days, p = 0.002).LIMITATIONS: This was an observational cohort study using a preexisting clinical data set. Despite adjusted propensity score methodology, unmeasured confounding may contribute to our findings.CONCLUSIONS: Resections that were approached laparoscopically were more likely to achieve oncologic success. Minimally invasive approaches did not lengthen operative times and provided benefits of reduced surgical site complications and decreased postoperative length of stay. Further studies are needed to clarify clinical outcomes and factors that influence the choice of approach. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B70.
View details for DOI 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001534
View details for PubMedID 31764247
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Effect of a Multimodal Prehabilitation Program Prior to Colorectal Surgery on Postoperative Pain and Pain Medication Use
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. 2019: S58–S59
View details for Web of Science ID 000492740900092
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Fragility of Life: Recurrent Intestinal Perforation Due to Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
2019; 64 (8): 2120–23
View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-019-5467-3
View details for Web of Science ID 000477029000012
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TB or Not TB: Crohn's Disease, Peritoneal Tuberculosis, or Both?
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
2019; 64 (6): 1432–35
View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-018-5334-7
View details for Web of Science ID 000468153200007
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Effects of Colorectal Surgery Classification on Reported Postoperative Surgical Site Infections
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
2019; 236: 340–44
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jss.2018.12.005
View details for Web of Science ID 000458498300044
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Effects of Colorectal Surgery Classification on Reported Postoperative Surgical Site Infections.
The Journal of surgical research
2019; 236: 340–44
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Current procedural terminology (CPT) for colon and rectal surgery lacks procedural granularity and misclassification rates are unknown. However, they are used in performance measurement, for example, in surgical site infection (SSI). The objective of this study was to determine whether American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) abstraction methods accurately classify types of colorectal operations and, by extension, reported SSI rates.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study conducted at a single tertiary care center. The colectomy- and proctectomy-targeted NSQIP database from January 2011 to July 2016 was used to perform a semiautomated reclassification (SAR) of all colectomy and proctectomy cases performed by colorectal surgeons. The primary outcome was the difference in perioperative SSI rates by case classification method.RESULTS: Thousand sixty-three patients underwent a colectomy or proctectomy during the study period with a mean age of 55.7 (SD=16.7) years. Use of the NSQIP classification scheme resulted in 849 colectomy and 214 proctectomy cases. Use of the SAR method resulted in 650 colectomy cases and 413 proctectomy cases (P<0.001), a 23.4% reclassification of colectomy cases. The group of cases classified as colectomy by SAR had a lower rate of deep/organ space infections than those classified as colectomy by NSQIP (4.5% versus 7.1%, P=0.034).CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the challenges of CPT code-based patient classification and subsequent outcomes analysis. Expanding the CPT system to more accurately represent colorectal operations would allow for more representative reported outcomes, thus enabling benchmarking and quality improvement.
View details for PubMedID 30694775
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Sigmoid Volvulus.
JAMA
2019; 321 (24): 2478
View details for DOI 10.1001/jama.2019.2349
View details for PubMedID 31237646
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Fragility of Life: Recurrent Intestinal Perforation Due to Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.
Digestive diseases and sciences
2019
View details for PubMedID 30656563
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TB or Not TB: Crohn's Disease, Peritoneal Tuberculosis, or Both?
Digestive diseases and sciences
2018
View details for PubMedID 30334111
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Surgical and molecular characterization of primary and metastatic disease in a neuroendocrine tumor arising in a tailgut cyst
COLD SPRING HARBOR MOLECULAR CASE STUDIES
2018; 4 (5)
View details for DOI 10.1101/mcs.a003004
View details for Web of Science ID 000450957900005
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Surgical and molecular characterization of primary and metastatic disease in a neuroendocrine tumor arising in a tailgut cyst.
Cold Spring Harbor molecular case studies
2018
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors arising from tailgut cysts are rare but increasingly reported entity with gene expression profiles that may be indicative of the gastrointestinal cell of origin. We present a case report describing the unique pathological and genomic characteristics of a tailgut cyst neuroendocrine tumor that metastasized to liver. The histologic and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. Genomic testing indicates a germline frame-shift in BRCA1 and a few somatic mutations of unknown significance. Transcriptomic analysis suggests an enteroendocrine L-cell in the tailgut as a putative cell-of-origin. Genomic profiling of a rare neuroendocrine tumor and metastasis provides insight into its origin, development and potential therapeutic options.
View details for PubMedID 30087100
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Deep Immune Profiling of an Arginine-Enriched Nutritional Intervention in Patients Undergoing Surgery
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
2017; 199 (6): 2171–80
View details for DOI 10.4049/jimmunol.1700421
View details for Web of Science ID 000409218000022
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The Prognostic Significance of Pretreatment Hematologic Parameters in Patients Undergoing Resection for Colorectal Cancer
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY-CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS
2017; 40 (4): 405–12
View details for DOI 10.1097/COC.0000000000000183
View details for Web of Science ID 000406228900014
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Pulmonary Crohn's Disease
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
2017; 62 (1): 64-67
View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-015-3993-1
View details for Web of Science ID 000392312200011
View details for PubMedID 26685911
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Deep Immune Profiling of an Arginine-Enriched Nutritional Intervention in Patients Undergoing Surgery.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
2017
Abstract
Application of high-content immune profiling technologies has enormous potential to advance medicine. Whether these technologies reveal pertinent biology when implemented in interventional clinical trials is an important question. The beneficial effects of preoperative arginine-enriched dietary supplements (AES) are highly context specific, as they reduce infection rates in elective surgery, but possibly increase morbidity in critically ill patients. This study combined single-cell mass cytometry with the multiplex analysis of relevant plasma cytokines to comprehensively profile the immune-modifying effects of this much-debated intervention in patients undergoing surgery. An elastic net algorithm applied to the high-dimensional mass cytometry dataset identified a cross-validated model consisting of 20 interrelated immune features that separated patients assigned to AES from controls. The model revealed wide-ranging effects of AES on innate and adaptive immune compartments. Notably, AES increased STAT1 and STAT3 signaling responses in lymphoid cell subsets after surgery, consistent with enhanced adaptive mechanisms that may protect against postsurgical infection. Unexpectedly, AES also increased ERK and P38 MAPK signaling responses in monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which was paired with their pronounced expansion. These results provide novel mechanistic arguments as to why AES may exert context-specific beneficial or adverse effects in patients with critical illness. This study lays out an analytical framework to distill high-dimensional datasets gathered in an interventional clinical trial into a fairly simple model that converges with known biology and provides insight into novel and clinically relevant cellular mechanisms.
View details for PubMedID 28794234
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Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis Requiring Surgery in Adults with Hematologic Malignant Tumors: Literature Review
SURGICAL INFECTIONS
2015; 16 (2): 194-202
Abstract
Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is associated with high mortality rates. Appropriate and early antifungal therapy and prompt surgical intervention are essential.Case report and literature review.Nineteen case reports were reviewed describing adults with hematologic malignant tumors who developed intestinal mucormycosis and underwent surgery. The overall survival rate was 50%.Intestinal mucormycosis is an infection associated with a high mortality rate although adults with underlying hematologic malignant have improved outcomes compared with other groups.
View details for DOI 10.1089/sur.2013.232
View details for Web of Science ID 000352360400015
View details for PubMedID 25405775
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The Prognostic Significance of Pretreatment Hematologic Parameters in Patients Undergoing Resection for Colorectal Cancer.
American journal of clinical oncology
2015: -?
Abstract
The prognostic value of several hematologic parameters, including platelet, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts, has been studied in a variety of solid tumors. In this study, we examined the significance of inflammatory markers and their prognostic implications in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).Patients with stage I-III CRC who underwent surgical resection at the Stanford Cancer Institute between 2005 and 2009 were included. Patients were excluded if they did not have preoperative complete blood counts performed within 1 month of surgical resection, underwent preoperative chemotherapy or radiation, had metastatic disease at diagnosis, or had another previous malignancy. We included 129 eligible patients with available preoperative complete blood counts in the final analysis.A preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio of>3.3 was significantly associated with worse disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (P=0.009, 0.003), as was a preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio of ≤2.6 (P=0.01, 0.002). Preoperative lymphopenia (P=0.002) was associated with worse OS but not DFS (P=0.09). In addition, preoperative thrombocytosis was associated with worse DFS (P=0.006) and OS (P=0.010). Preoperative leukocytosis was associated with worse OS (P=0.048) but not DFS (P=0.49). Preoperative hemoglobin was neither associated with OS (P=0.24) or DFS (P=0.15).Pretreatment lymphopenia, thrombocytosis, a decreased lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, and an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio independently predict for worse OS in patients with CRC.
View details for PubMedID 25756348
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Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis Initially Manifest as Hematochezia from Arterio-Enteric Fistula
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
2014; 59 (12): 2905-2908
View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-014-3239-7
View details for Web of Science ID 000345322100008
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Assigning a team-based pager for on-call physicians reduces paging errors in a large academic hospital.
Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety / Joint Commission Resources
2014; 40 (2): 77-82
Abstract
As complexity of care of hospitalized patients has increased, the need for communication and collaboration among members of the team caring for the patient has become increasingly important. This often takes the form of a nurse's need to contact a patient's physician to discuss some aspect of care and modify treatment plans. Errors in communication delay care and can pose risk to patients. This report describes the successful implementation of a standardized team-based paging system at an academic center. Results showed a substantial improvement in nurses' perceptions of knowing how to contact the correct physician when discussion of the patient's care is needed. This improvement was found across multiple medical and surgical specialties and was particularly effective for services with the greatest communication problems.
View details for PubMedID 24716330
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Outcomes of repeat colonoscopy in patients with polyps referred for surgery without biopsy-proven cancer
GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY
2014; 79 (1): 101-107
Abstract
Despite advances in endoscopic treatment, many colonic adenomas are still referred for surgical resection. There is a paucity of data on the suitability of these lesions for endoscopic treatment.To analyze the results of routine repeat colonoscopy in patients referred for surgical resection of colon polyps without biopsy-proven cancer.Retrospective review.University hospital.Patients referred to a colorectal surgeon for surgical resection of a polyp without biopsy-proven cancer.Repeat colonoscopy.The rate of successful endoscopic treatment.There were 38 lesions in 36 patients; 71% of the lesions were noncancerous and were successfully treated endoscopically. In 26% of the lesions, previous removal was attempted by the referring physician but was unsuccessful. The adenoma recurrence rate was 50%, but all recurrences were treated endoscopically and none were cancerous. Two patients were admitted for overnight observation. There were no major adverse events.Single center, retrospective.In the absence of biopsy-proven invasive cancer, it is appropriate to reevaluate patients referred for surgical resection by repeat colonoscopy at an expert center.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gie.2013.06.034
View details for Web of Science ID 000328736700018
View details for PubMedID 23916398
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Predictors of postoperative urinary retention after colorectal surgery.
Diseases of the colon & rectum
2013; 56 (6): 738-746
Abstract
: National quality initiatives have mandated the earlier removal of urinary catheters after surgery to decrease urinary tract infection rates. A potential unintended consequence is an increased postoperative urinary retention rate.: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for postoperative urinary retention after colorectal surgery.: This was a prospective observational study.: A colorectal unit within a single institution was the setting for this study.: Adults undergoing elective colorectal operations were included.: Urinary catheters were removed on postoperative day 1 for patients undergoing abdominal operations, and on day 3 for patients undergoing pelvic operations. Postvoid residual and retention volumes were measured.: The primary outcomes measured were urinary retention and urinary tract infection.: The overall urinary retention rate was 22.4% (22.8% in the abdominal group, 21.9% in the pelvic group) and was associated with longer operative time and increased perioperative fluid administration. Mean operative time for those with retention was 2.8 hours and, for those without retention, the mean operative time 2.2 hours (abdominal group 2 hours vs 1.4 hours, pelvic group 3.9 hours vs 3.1 hours, p ≤ 0.02). Patients with retention received a mean of 2.7L during the operation, whereas patients without retention received 1.8L (abdominal group 1.9L vs 1.4L, pelvic group 3.6L vs 2.2L, p < 0.01). In the abdominal group, patients with and without retention also received different fluid volumes on postoperative days 1 (2.2L vs 1.7L, p = 0.004) and 2 (1.6L vs 1L, p = 0.05). Laparoscopic abdominal group had a 40% retention rate in comparison with 12% in the open abdominal group (p = 0.004). Age, sex, preoperative radiation therapy, preoperative prostatism, preoperative diagnosis, and level of anastomosis were not associated with retention. The urinary tract infection rate was 4.9%.: The lack of documentation of preoperative urinary function was a limitation of this study.: The practice of earlier urinary catheter removal must be balanced with operative time and fluid volume to avoid high urinary retention rates. Also important is increased vigilance for the early detection of retention.
View details for DOI 10.1097/DCR.0b013e318280aad5
View details for PubMedID 23652748
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Endoscopic management of nonlifting colon polyps.
Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy
2013; 2013: 412936-?
Abstract
Background and Study Aims. The nonlifting polyp sign of invasive colon cancer is considered highly sensitive and specific for cancer extending beyond the mid-submucosa. However, prior interventions can cause adenomas to become nonlifting due to fibrosis. It is unclear whether nonlifting adenomas can be successfully treated endoscopically. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes in a referral practice incorporating a standardized protocol of attempted endoscopic resection of nonlifting lesions previously treated by biopsy, polypectomy, surgery, or tattoo placement. Patients and Methods. Retrospective review of patients undergoing colonoscopy by one endoscopist at two hospitals found to have nonlifting lesions from prior interventions. Lesions with biopsy proven invasive cancer or definite endoscopic features of invasive cancer were excluded. Lesions ≥ 8 mm were routinely injected with saline prior to attempted endoscopic resection. Polypectomy was performed using a stiff snare, followed by argon plasma coagulation (APC) if necessary. Results. 26 patients each had a single nonlifting lesion with a history of prior intervention. Endoscopic resection was completed in 25 (96%). 22 required snare resection and APC. 1 patient had invasive cancer and was referred for surgery. The recurrence rate on follow-up colonoscopy was 26%. All of the recurrences were successfully treated endoscopically. There was 1 postprocedure bleed (4%), no perforations, and no other complications. Conclusions. The majority of adenomas that are nonlifting after prior interventions can be treated successfully and safely by a combination of piecemeal polypectomy and ablation. Although recurrence rates are high at 26%, these too can be successfully treated endoscopically.
View details for DOI 10.1155/2013/412936
View details for PubMedID 23761952
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3666422
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Clinicopathologic and molecular features of sporadic early-onset colorectal adenocarcinoma: an adenocarcinoma with frequent signet ring cell differentiation, rectal and sigmoid involvement, and adverse morphologic features
MODERN PATHOLOGY
2012; 25 (8): 1128-1139
Abstract
Recent literature suggests an increasing incidence of colorectal carcinoma in young patients. We performed a histologic, molecular, and immunophenotypic analysis of patients with sporadic early-onset (≤40 years of age) colorectal carcinoma seen at our institution from the years 2000-2010 and compared these tumors to a cohort of consecutively resected colorectal carcinomas seen in patients >40 years of age. A total of 1160 primary colorectal adenocarcinomas were surgically resected for the years 2000 through 2010. Of these, 75 (6%) were diagnoses in patients ≤40 years of age of which 13 (17%) demonstrated abnormalities in DNA mismatch repair, 4 (5%) were in patients with known germline genetic disorders (two patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, one patient with juvenile polyposis, and one patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome), and three patients (4%) had long-standing chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The sporadic early-onset colorectal carcinoma group comprised a total of 55 patients (55/1160, 5%) and were compared with a control group comprising 73 consecutively resected colorectal carcinomas with proficient DNA mismatch repair in patients >40 years of age. For the early-onset colorectal carcinoma group, most cases (33/55, 60%) were diagnosed between the age of 35 and 40 years of age. Compared with the control group, the early-onset colorectal carcinoma group was significantly different with respect to tumor location (P<0.007) with 80% (44/55 cases) identified in either the sigmoid colon (24/55, 44%) or rectum (20/55, 36%). Morphologically, early-onset colorectal carcinomas more frequently displayed adverse histologic features compared with the control colorectal carcinoma group such as signet ring cell differentiation (7/55, 13% vs 1/73, 1%, P=0.021), perineural invasion (16/55, 29% vs 8/73, 11%, P=0.009) and venous invasion (12/55, 22% vs 4/73, 6%, P=0.006). A precursor adenomatous lesion was less frequently identified in the early-onset colorectal carcinoma group compared with the control group (19/55, 35% vs 39/73, 53%, P=0.034). Of the early-onset colorectal carcinomas, only 2/45 cases (4%) demonstrated KRAS mutations compared with 11/73 (15%) of the control group colorectal adenocarcinomas harboring KRAS mutations, although this difference did not reach statistical significance (P=0.13). BRAF V600E mutations were not identified in the early-onset colorectal carcinoma group. No difference was identified between the two groups with regard to tumor stage, tumor size, number of lymph node metastases, lymphatic invasion, tumor budding, mucinous histology, or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Both groups had similar recurrence-free (P=0.28) and overall survival (P=0.73). However, patients in the early-onset colorectal carcinoma group more frequently either presented with or developed metastatic disease during their disease course compared with the control colorectal carcinoma group (25/55, 45% vs 18/73, 25%, P=0.014). In addition, 8/55 patients (15%) in the early-onset colorectal carcinoma group developed local recurrence of their tumor while no patients in the control colorectal carcinoma group developed local recurrence (P<0.001), likely due to the increased incidence of rectal carcinoma in the patients with early-onset colorectal carcinoma. Our study demonstrates that colorectal carcinoma is not infrequently diagnosed in patients ≤40 years of age and is not frequently the result of underlying Lynch syndrome or associated with other cancer-predisposing genetic conditions or chronic inflammatory conditions. These tumors have a striking predilection for the distal colon, particularly the sigmoid colon and rectum and are much more likely to demonstrate adverse histologic factors, including signet ring cell differentiation, venous invasion, and perineural invasion.
View details for DOI 10.1038/modpathol.2012.61
View details for PubMedID 22481281
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Free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstruction of a massive lumbosacral defect using superior gluteal artery perforator vessels
MICROSURGERY
2012; 32 (5): 388-392
Abstract
Despite significant advances in reconstructive surgery, the repair of massive lumbosacral defects poses significant challenges. When the extent of soft tissue loss, tumor resection, and/or radiation therapy preclude the use of traditional local options, such as gluteal advancement flaps or pedicled thigh flaps, then distant flaps are required. We report a case of a 64-year-old male who presented with a large sacral Marjolin's ulcer secondary to recurrent pilonidal cysts and ulcerations. The patient underwent wide local composite resection, which resulted in a wound measuring 450 cm(2) with exposed rectum and sacrum. The massive defect was successfully covered with a free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, providing a well-vascularized skin paddle and obviating the need for a latissimus flap with skin graft. The free-TRAM flap proved to be a very robust flap in this situation and would be one of our flaps of choice for similar defects.
View details for DOI 10.1002/micr.21981
View details for Web of Science ID 000306178000009
View details for PubMedID 22473859
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Single-cell dissection of transcriptional heterogeneity in human colon tumors
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
2011; 29 (12): 1120-U11
Abstract
Cancer is often viewed as a caricature of normal developmental processes, but the extent to which its cellular heterogeneity truly recapitulates multilineage differentiation processes of normal tissues remains unknown. Here we implement single-cell PCR gene-expression analysis to dissect the cellular composition of primary human normal colon and colon cancer epithelia. We show that human colon cancer tissues contain distinct cell populations whose transcriptional identities mirror those of the different cellular lineages of normal colon. By creating monoclonal tumor xenografts from injection of a single (n = 1) cell, we demonstrate that the transcriptional diversity of cancer tissues is largely explained by in vivo multilineage differentiation and not only by clonal genetic heterogeneity. Finally, we show that the different gene-expression programs linked to multilineage differentiation are strongly associated with patient survival. We develop two-gene classifier systems (KRT20 versus CA1, MS4A12, CD177, SLC26A3) that predict clinical outcomes with hazard ratios superior to those of pathological grade and comparable to those of microarray-derived multigene expression signatures.
View details for DOI 10.1038/nbt.2038
View details for PubMedID 22081019
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Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Versus Conventional Radiation Therapy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal
CANCER
2011; 117 (15): 3342-3351
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes in patients with anal canal squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) who were treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy by either intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or conventional radiotherapy (CRT).Forty-six patients who received definitive chemoradiotherapy from January 1993 to August 2009 were included. Forty-five patients received 5-fluorouracil with mitomycin C (n = 39) or cisplatin (n = 6). Seventeen (37%) were treated with CRT and 29 (63%) with IMRT. The median dose was 54 Gy in both groups. Median follow-up was 26 months (CRT) and 32 months (IMRT). T3-T4 stage (P = .18) and lymph node-positive disease (P = .6) were similar between groups.The CRT group required longer treatment duration (57 days vs 40 days, P < .0001), more treatment breaks (88% vs 34.5%, P = .001), and longer breaks (12 days vs 1.5 days, P < .0001) than patients treated with IMRT. Eleven (65%) patients in the CRT group experienced grade >2 nonhematologic toxicity compared with 6 (21%) patients in the IMRT group (P = .003). The 3-year overall survival (OS), locoregional control (LRC), and progression-free survival were 87.8%, 91.9%, and 84.2%, respectively, for the IMRT groups and 51.8%, 56.7%, and 56.7%, respectively, for the CRT group (all P < .01). On multivariate analysis, T stage, use of IMRT, and treatment duration were associated with OS, and T stage and use of IMRT were associated with LRC.The use of IMRT was associated with less toxicity, reduced need for treatment breaks, and excellent LRC and OS compared with CRT in patients with SCCA of the anal canal.
View details for DOI 10.1002/cncr.25901
View details for PubMedID 21287530
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Fulminant Clostridium difficile Colitis in a Post-Liver Transplant Patient
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
2010; 55 (9): 2459-2462
View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-010-1318-y
View details for Web of Science ID 000280595500006
View details for PubMedID 20635145
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Pathological response after chemoradiation for T3 rectal cancer.
Colorectal disease
2010; 12 (7 Online): e24-30
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on nodal disease in locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma.Thirty-two patients staged uT3N0 and 27 patients staged uT3N1 rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent pre-CRT staging using endoscopic ultrasound or rectal protocol CT were included. The median radiation dose was 50.4 Gy (range: 45-50.4 Gy) at 1.8 Gy per fraction and all patients received concurrent 5-FU or capecitabine-based chemotherapy. Low anterior resection or abdomino-perineal resection occurred at a median of 46 days (range: 27-112 days) after CRT.Eleven of 32 uT3N0 patients (34.4%) and 13 of 26 uT3N1 patients (50.0%) had ypN+ (P = 0.29). For patients with uT3N0, 10 of 20 (50.0%) with ypT2-3 and 1 of 12 (8.3%) with ypT0-1 were ypN+ (P = 0.02). For patients with uT3N1, 12 of 20 (60.0%) with ypT2-3 and 1 of 6 (16.7%) with ypT0-1 were ypN+ (P = 0.16). Overall, the ypN+ rate was 11.1% in the ypT0-yT1 group compared with 55.0% in the ypT2-yT3 group (P = 003). Among patients with uT3N0 disease, the ypN+ rate in patients who had surgery > 46 days vs
46 days vs 46 days vs View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.02013.x
View details for PubMedID 19614668
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Pathological response after chemoradiation for T3 rectal cancer
COLORECTAL DISEASE
2010; 12 (7): E24-E30
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on nodal disease in locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma.Thirty-two patients staged uT3N0 and 27 patients staged uT3N1 rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent pre-CRT staging using endoscopic ultrasound or rectal protocol CT were included. The median radiation dose was 50.4 Gy (range: 45-50.4 Gy) at 1.8 Gy per fraction and all patients received concurrent 5-FU or capecitabine-based chemotherapy. Low anterior resection or abdomino-perineal resection occurred at a median of 46 days (range: 27-112 days) after CRT.Eleven of 32 uT3N0 patients (34.4%) and 13 of 26 uT3N1 patients (50.0%) had ypN+ (P = 0.29). For patients with uT3N0, 10 of 20 (50.0%) with ypT2-3 and 1 of 12 (8.3%) with ypT0-1 were ypN+ (P = 0.02). For patients with uT3N1, 12 of 20 (60.0%) with ypT2-3 and 1 of 6 (16.7%) with ypT0-1 were ypN+ (P = 0.16). Overall, the ypN+ rate was 11.1% in the ypT0-yT1 group compared with 55.0% in the ypT2-yT3 group (P = 003). Among patients with uT3N0 disease, the ypN+ rate in patients who had surgery > 46 days vs
46 days vs 46 days vs View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.02013.x
View details for Web of Science ID 000208355900003
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Mechanical Bowel Preparation in Intestinal Surgery: A Meta-Analysis and Review of the Literature
49th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Surgery-of-the-Alimentary-Tract/Digestive Disease Week
SPRINGER. 2008: 2037–44
Abstract
Despite several meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials showing no benefit to patients, mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) remains the standard of practice for patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery.We performed a systematic review of the literature of trials that prospectively compared MBP with no MBP for patients undergoing elective colorectal resection. We searched MEDLINE, LILACS, and SCISEARCH, abstracts of pertinent scientific meetings and reference lists for each article found. Experts in the field were queried as to knowledge of additional reports. Outcomes abstracted were anastomotic leaks and wound infections. Meta-analysis was performed using Peto Odds ratio.Of 4,601 patients (13 trials), 2,304 received MBP (Group 1) and 2,297 did not (Group 2). Anastomotic leaks occurred in 97(4.2%) patients in Group 1 and in 81(3.5%) patients in Group 2 (Peto OR = 1.214, CI 95%:0.899-1.64, P = 0.206). Wound infections occurred in 227(9.9%) patients in Group 1 and in 201(8.8%) patients in Group 2 (Peto OR = 1.156, CI 95%:0.946-1.413, P = 0.155).This meta-analysis demonstrates that MBP provides no benefit to patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery, thus, supporting elimination of routine MBP in elective colorectal surgery.In conclusion, MBP is of no benefit to patients undergoing elective colorectal resection and need not be recommended to meet "standard of care."
View details for DOI 10.1007/s11605-008-0594-8
View details for Web of Science ID 000260282200037
View details for PubMedID 18622653
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SIR 2008 annual meeting film panel case: Castleman disease complicated by follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
33rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Interventional-Radiology (SIR)
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. 2008: 1141–44
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jvir.2008.04.015
View details for Web of Science ID 000258168100003
View details for PubMedID 18656005
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Section 20.3. Laparoscopic Management of Intestinal Endometriosis
NEZHAT'S OPERATIVE GYNECOLOGIC LAPAROSCOPY AND HYSTEROSCOPY, 3RD EDITION
2008: 529–36
View details for Web of Science ID 000308328700059
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Dartos muscle interposition flap for the treatment of rectourethral fistulas
DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM
2007; 50 (11): 1849-1855
Abstract
Rectourethral fistula is a rare complication of pelvic surgery, trauma, or inflammation. The many techniques for repairing these fistulas vary in their success rates. Our goal was to describe the use of a dartos muscle interposition flap for repair of these fistulas.We performed a retrospective review of eight patients who underwent repair of a rectourethral fistula with a dartos muscle interposition flap. We describe the success rate and patient-related factors that may have affected success. The technique of dartos muscle interposition is described and compared with other previously described techniques.Six of eight patients had healing of their fistulas documented by follow-up cystogram.Dartos muscle interposition is a straightforward technique that can result in successful fistula repair but should not be used in patients with risk factors for poor wound healing, such as an immunocompromised state or previous radiation therapy.
View details for DOI 10.1007/s10350-007-9032-3
View details for Web of Science ID 000250785500013
View details for PubMedID 17828402
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Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
2007; 104 (24): 10158-10163
Abstract
Recent observations indicate that, in several types of human cancer, only a phenotypic subset of cancer cells within each tumor is capable of initiating tumor growth. This functional subset of cancer cells is operationally defined as the "cancer stem cell" (CSC) subset. Here we developed a CSC model for the study of human colorectal cancer (CRC). Solid CRC tissues, either primary tissues collected from surgical specimens or xenografts established in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice, were disaggregated into single-cell suspensions and analyzed by flow cytometry. Surface markers that displayed intratumor heterogeneous expression among epithelial cancer cells were selected for cell sorting and tumorigenicity experiments. Individual phenotypic cancer cell subsets were purified, and their tumor-initiating properties were investigated by injection in NOD/SCID mice. Our observations indicate that, in six of six human CRC tested, the ability to engraft in vivo in immunodeficient mice was restricted to a minority subpopulation of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)(high)/CD44+ epithelial cells. Tumors originated from EpCAM(high)/CD44+ cells maintained a differentiated phenotype and reproduced the full morphologic and phenotypic heterogeneity of their parental lesions. Analysis of the surface molecule repertoire of EpCAM(high)/CD44+ cells led to the identification of CD166 as an additional differentially expressed marker, useful for CSC isolation in three of three CRC tested. These results validate the stem cell working model in human CRC and provide a highly robust surface marker profile for CRC stem cell isolation.
View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.0703478104
View details for Web of Science ID 000247363000044
View details for PubMedID 17548814
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC1891215
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Transperineal repair of persistent rectovaginal fistulas using an acellular cadaveric dermal graft (AlloDerm (R))
DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM
2006; 49 (9): 1454-1457
Abstract
A number of surgical techniques have been described to treat rectovaginal fistulas. Recurrent or persistent fistulas after previous repair can be particularly difficult to treat. We report a novel technique used to successfully repair rectovaginal fistulas after failed mucosal advancement flap procedures using a transperineal-layered closure with an interposed graft of acellular cadaveric dermis (Alloderm).
View details for DOI 10.1007/s10350-006-0619-x
View details for Web of Science ID 000240516100026
View details for PubMedID 16897332
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Sexually transmitted parasitic diseases.
Clinics in colon and rectal surgery
2004; 17 (4): 231-234
Abstract
An increasing number of diseases are recognized as being sexually transmitted. The majority of these are bacterial or viral in nature; however, several protozoan and nematode infections can also be transmitted by sexual activity. For most of these diseases, the primary mode of transmission is nonsexual in nature, but sexual activity that results in fecal-oral contact can lead to transmission of these agents. Two parasitic diseases commonly transmitted by sexual contact are amebiasis and giardiasis. The management of these conditions is discussed.
View details for PubMedID 20011264
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The pelvic floor in health and disease
WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
1997; 167 (2): 90-98
Abstract
Normal pelvic floor function involves a set of learned and reflex responses that are essential for the normal control and evacuation of stool. A variety of functional disturbances of the pelvic floor, including incontinence and constipation, are not life threatening, but can cause significant distress to affected patients. Understanding the normal anatomy and physiology of the pelvic floor is essential to understanding and treating these disorders of defecation. This article describes the normal function of the pelvic floor, the diagnostic tools available to investigate pelvic floor dysfunction, and the etiology, diagnosis, and management of the functional pelvic floor disorders that lead to incontinence and constipation.
View details for Web of Science ID A1997XU74200004
View details for PubMedID 9291746