Avik Dutt

All Publications

• Experimental band structure spectroscopy along a synthetic dimension. Nature communications Dutt, A., Minkov, M., Lin, Q., Yuan, L., Miller, D. A., Fan, S. 2019; 10 (1): 3122

  Abstract

  There has been significant recent interest in synthetic dimensions, where internal degrees of freedom of a particle are coupled to form higher-dimensional lattices in lower-dimensional physical structures. For these systems, the concept of band structure along the synthetic dimension plays a central role in their theoretical description. Here we provide a direct experimental measurement of the band structure along the synthetic dimension. By dynamically modulating a resonator at frequencies commensurate with its mode spacing, we create a periodically driven lattice of coupled modes in the frequency dimension. The strength and range of couplings can be dynamically reconfigured by changing the modulation amplitude and frequency. We show theoretically and demonstrate experimentally that time-resolved transmission measurements of this system provide a direct readout of its band structure. We also realize long-range coupling, gauge potentials and nonreciprocal bands by simply incorporating additional frequency drives, enabling great flexibility in band structure engineering.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41467-019-11117-9

  View details for PubMedID 31311928

• On-chip dual-comb source for spectroscopy. Science advances Dutt, A., Joshi, C., Ji, X., Cardenas, J., Okawachi, Y., Luke, K., Gaeta, A. L., Lipson, M. 2018; 4 (3): e1701858

  Abstract

  Dual-comb spectroscopy is a powerful technique for real-time, broadband optical sampling of molecular spectra, which requires no moving components. Recent developments with microresonator-based platforms have enabled frequency combs at the chip scale. However, the need to precisely match the resonance wavelengths of distinct high quality-factor microcavities has hindered the development of on-chip dual combs. We report the simultaneous generation of two microresonator combs on the same chip from a single laser, drastically reducing experimental complexity. We demonstrate broadband optical spectra spanning 51 THz and low-noise operation of both combs by deterministically tuning into soliton mode-locked states using integrated microheaters, resulting in narrow (<10 kHz) microwave beat notes. We further use one comb as a reference to probe the formation dynamics of the other comb, thus introducing a technique to investigate comb evolution without auxiliary lasers or microwave oscillators. We demonstrate high signal-to-noise ratio absorption spectroscopy spanning 170 nm using the dual-comb source over a 20-μs acquisition time. Our device paves the way for compact and robust spectrometers at nanosecond time scales enabled by large beat-note spacings (>1 GHz).

  View details for PubMedID 29511733

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5834308

• Quantum interference between transverse spatial waveguide modes. Nature communications Mohanty, A., Zhang, M., Dutt, A., Ramelow, S., Nussenzveig, P., Lipson, M. 2017; 8: 14010

  Abstract

  Integrated quantum optics has the potential to markedly reduce the footprint and resource requirements of quantum information processing systems, but its practical implementation demands broader utilization of the available degrees of freedom within the optical field. To date, integrated photonic quantum systems have primarily relied on path encoding. However, in the classical regime, the transverse spatial modes of a multi-mode waveguide have been easily manipulated using the waveguide geometry to densely encode information. Here, we demonstrate quantum interference between the transverse spatial modes within a single multi-mode waveguide using quantum circuit-building blocks. This work shows that spatial modes can be controlled to an unprecedented level and have the potential to enable practical and robust quantum information processing.

  View details for PubMedID 28106036

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5263888

• On-Chip Optical Squeezing PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED Dutt, A., Luke, K., Manipatruni, S., Gaeta, A. L., Nussenzveig, P., Lipson, M. 2015; 3 (4)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.3.044005

  View details for Web of Science ID 000352689000001

• Smooth double barriers in quantum mechanics AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS Dutt, A., Kar, S. 2010; 78 (12): 1352–60

  View details for DOI 10.1119/1.3481701

  View details for Web of Science ID 000284366200018

• Broadband enhancement of thermal radiation OPTICS EXPRESS Bhatt, G. R., Dutt, A., Miller, S. A., St-Gelais, R., Barbosa, F. S., Nussenzveig, P. A., Lipson, M. 2019; 27 (12): A818–A828

  View details for DOI 10.1364/OE.27.00A818

  View details for Web of Science ID 000470849000019

• Loss of polarization of elliptically polarized collapsing beams PHYSICAL REVIEW A Patwardhan, G., Gao, X., Sagiv, A., Dutt, A., Ginsberg, J., Ditkowski, A., Fibich, G., Gaeta, A. L. 2019; 99 (3)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevA.99.033824

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461050600009

• Experimental Demonstration of Dynamical Input Isolation in Nonadiabatically Modulated Photonic Cavities ACS PHOTONICS Dutt, A., Minkov, M., Lin, Q., Yuan, L., Miller, D. B., Fan, S. 2019; 6 (1): 162–69

  View details for DOI 10.1021/acsphotonics.8b01310

  View details for Web of Science ID 000456350400023

• Long-Term Stabilization and Operation of a Soliton Micro-Comb for 9-Days Lin, T., Dutt, A., XingchenJi, Phare, C. T., Joshi, C., Gordillo, O., Shin, M., Gaeta, A. L., Lipson, M., IEEE IEEE. 2019

  View details for Web of Science ID 000482226301402

• Absence of frequency ranges of undirectional propagation in nonreciprocal plasmonics Buddhiraju, S., Shi, Y., Song, A., Wojcik, C., Minkov, M., Williamson, I. D., Dutt, A., Fan, S., IEEE IEEE. 2019

  View details for Web of Science ID 000482226302198

• Experimental Band Structure Spectroscopy along the Synthetic Dimension Dutt, A., Minkov, M., Lin, Q., Yuan, L., Miller, D. B., Fan, S., IEEE IEEE. 2019

  View details for Web of Science ID 000482226300311

• Pulse shortening in two coupled rings under amplitude modulations with parity-time symmetry Yuan, L., Lin, Q., Xiao, M., Dutt, A., Fan, S., IEEE IEEE. 2019

  View details for Web of Science ID 000482226302433

• Pulse shortening in an actively mode-locked laser with parity-time symmetry APL PHOTONICS Yuan, L., Lin, Q., Xiao, M., Dutt, A., Fan, S. 2018; 3 (8)

  View details for DOI 10.1063/1.5039375

  View details for Web of Science ID 000443758300001

• Compact narrow-linewidth integrated laser based on a low-loss silicon nitride ring resonator OPTICS LETTERS Stern, B., Ji, X., Dutt, A., Lipson, M. 2017; 42 (21): 4541–44

  Abstract

  We design and demonstrate a compact, narrow-linewidth integrated laser based on low-loss silicon nitride waveguides coupled to a III-V gain chip. By using a highly confined optical mode, we simultaneously achieve compact bends and ultra-low loss. We leverage the narrowband backreflection of a high-Q microring resonator to act as a cavity output mirror, a single-mode filter, and a propagation delay all in one. This configuration allows the ring to provide feedback and obtain a laser linewidth of 13 kHz with 1.7 mW output power around 1550 nm. This demonstration realizes a compact sub-millimeter silicon nitride laser cavity with a narrow linewidth.

  View details for DOI 10.1364/OL.42.004541

  View details for Web of Science ID 000414097200077

  View details for PubMedID 29088208

• Ultra-low-loss on-chip resonators with sub-milliwatt parametric oscillation threshold OPTICA Ji, X., Barbosa, F. S., Roberts, S. P., Dutt, A., Cardenas, J., Okawachi, Y., Bryant, A., Gaeta, A. L., Lipson, M. 2017; 4 (6): 619–24

  View details for DOI 10.1364/OPTICA.4.000619

  View details for Web of Science ID 000404108200008

• On-chip broadband ultra-compact optical couplers and polarization splitters based on off-centered and non-symmetric slotted Siwire waveguides JOURNAL OF OPTICS Haldar, R., Mishra, V., Dutt, A., Varshney, S. K. 2016; 18 (10)

  View details for DOI 10.1088/2040-8978/18/10/105801

  View details for Web of Science ID 000384131100001

• Tunable squeezing using coupled ring resonators on a silicon nitride chip OPTICS LETTERS Dutt, A., Miller, S., Luke, K., Cardenas, J., Gaeta, A. L., Nussenzveig, P., Lipson, M. 2016; 41 (2): 223–26

  Abstract

  We demonstrate continuous tuning of the squeezing-level generated in a double-ring optical parametric oscillator by externally controlling the coupling condition using electrically controlled integrated microheaters. We accomplish this by utilizing the avoided crossing exhibited by a pair of coupled silicon nitride microring resonators. We directly detect a change in the squeezing level from 0.5 dB in the undercoupled regime to 2 dB in the overcoupled regime, which corresponds to a change in the generated on-chip squeezing factor from 0.9 to 3.9 dB. Such wide tunability in the squeezing level can be harnessed for on-chip quantum-enhanced sensing protocols that require an optimal degree of squeezing.

  View details for DOI 10.1364/OL.41.000223

  View details for Web of Science ID 000369050100008

  View details for PubMedID 26766679

• Optical nonlinearities in high-confinement silicon carbide waveguides OPTICS LETTERS Cardenas, J., Yu, M., Okawachi, Y., Poitras, C. B., Lau, R. W., Dutt, A., Gaeta, A. L., Lipson, M. 2015; 40 (17): 4138–41

  Abstract

  We demonstrate strong nonlinearities of n2=8.6±1.1×10(-15)  cm2 W(-1) in single-crystal silicon carbide (SiC) at a wavelength of 2360 nm. We use a high-confinement SiC waveguide fabricated based on a high-temperature smart-cut process.

  View details for DOI 10.1364/OL.40.004138

  View details for Web of Science ID 000360810200055

  View details for PubMedID 26368731

• Tunable frequency combs based on dual microring resonators OPTICS EXPRESS Miller, S. A., Okawachi, Y., Ramelow, S., Luke, K., Dutt, A., Farsi, A., Gaeta, A. L., Lipson, M. 2015; 23 (16): 21527–40

  Abstract

  In order to achieve efficient parametric frequency comb generation in microresonators, external control of coupling between the cavity and the bus waveguide is necessary. However, for passive monolithically integrated structures, the coupling gap is fixed and cannot be externally controlled, making tuning the coupling inherently challenging. We design a dual-cavity coupled microresonator structure in which tuning one ring resonance frequency induces a change in the overall cavity coupling condition. We demonstrate wide extinction tunability with high efficiency by engineering the ring coupling conditions. Additionally, we note a distinct dispersion tunability resulting from coupling two cavities of slightly different path lengths, and present a new method of modal dispersion engineering. Our fabricated devices consist of two coupled high quality factor silicon nitride microresonators, where the extinction ratio of the resonances can be controlled using integrated microheaters. Using this extinction tunability, we optimize comb generation efficiency as well as provide tunability for avoiding higher-order mode-crossings, known for degrading comb generation. The device is able to provide a 110-fold improvement in the comb generation efficiency. Finally, we demonstrate open eye diagrams using low-noise phase-locked comb lines as a wavelength-division multiplexing channel.

  View details for DOI 10.1364/OE.23.021527

  View details for Web of Science ID 000361036400122

  View details for PubMedID 26367998

• Overcoming Si3N4 film stress limitations for high quality factor ring resonators OPTICS EXPRESS Luke, K., Dutt, A., Poitras, C. B., Lipson, M. 2013; 21 (19): 22829–33

  Abstract

  Silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) ring resonators are critical for a variety of photonic devices. However the intrinsically high film stress of silicon nitride has limited both the optical confinement and quality factor (Q) of ring resonators. We show that stress in Si₃N₄ films can be overcome by introducing mechanical trenches for isolating photonic devices from propagating cracks. We demonstrate a Si₃N₄ ring resonator with an intrinsic quality factor of 7 million, corresponding to a propagation loss of 4.2 dB/m. This is the highest quality factor reported to date for high confinement Si₃N₄ ring resonators in the 1,550 nm wavelength range.

  View details for DOI 10.1364/OE.21.022829

  View details for Web of Science ID 000325547200104

  View details for PubMedID 24104169

• Splitting of degenerate states in one-dimensional quantum mechanics EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS Dutt, A., Nath, T., Kar, S., Parwani, R. 2012; 127 (3)

  View details for DOI 10.1140/epjp/i2012-12028-8

  View details for Web of Science ID 000302265700008

• Design of Tunable Couplers Using Magnetic Fluid Filled Three-Core Optical Fibers IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS Dutt, A., Varshney, S. K., Mahapatra, S. 2012; 24 (3): 164–66

  View details for DOI 10.1109/LPT.2011.2174629

  View details for Web of Science ID 000299423900002

• Light-assisted templated self assembly using photonic crystal slabs OPTICS EXPRESS Mejia, C. A., Dutt, A., Povinelli, M. L. 2011; 19 (12): 11422–28

  Abstract

  We explore a technique which we term light-assisted templated self-assembly. We calculate the optical forces on colloidal particles over a photonic crystal slab. We show that exciting a guided resonance mode of the slab yields a resonantly-enhanced, attractive optical force. We calculate the lateral optical forces above the slab and predict that stably trapped periodic patterns of particles are dependent on wavelength and polarization. Tuning the wavelength or polarization of the light source may thus allow the formation and reconfiguration of patterns. We expect that this technique may be used to design all-optically reconfigurable photonic devices.

  View details for DOI 10.1364/OE.19.011422

  View details for Web of Science ID 000292865500044

  View details for PubMedID 21716373

• Capillary optical fibers: design and applications for attaining a large effective mode area JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS Dutt, A., Mahapatra, S., Varshney, S. K. 2011; 28 (6): 1431–38

  View details for DOI 10.1364/JOSAB.28.001431

  View details for Web of Science ID 000291314600011