School of Humanities and Sciences
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Jonathan Gienapp
Professor of History and of Law
BioJonathan Gienapp is Professor of History and Associate Professor of Law. He specializes in the constitutional, political, legal, and intellectual history of the early United States. His primary focus to date has been the origins and development of the U.S. Constitution, in particular the ways in which Founding-era Americans understood and debated constitutionalism across the nation's early decades. His historical interests intersect with modern legal debates over constitutional interpretation and theory, especially those centered on the theory of constitutional originalism.
His first book, *The Second Creation: Fixing the American Constitution in the Founding Era* (Harvard University Press, Belknap, 2018), rethinks the conventional story of American constitutional creation by exploring how and why founding-era Americans’ understanding of their Constitution transformed in the earliest years of the document’s existence. It won the 2017 Thomas J. Wilson Memorial Prize from Harvard University Press and the 2019 Best Book in American Political Thought Award from the American Political Science Association and was a finalist for the 2019 Frederick Jackson Turner Award from the Organization of American Historians. In addition, it was named a Choice Outstanding Academic Title for 2019 and a Spectator USA Book of the Year for 2018.
His second book, *Against Constitutional Originalism: A Historical Critique* (Yale University Press, 2024), critiques originalism's engagement with history. It argues that recovering Founding-era constitutionalism on its own terms fundamentally challenges originalists' unspoken assumptions about the U.S. Constitution and its original meaning and thereby the foundation of the theory itself. He wrote about the book's themes in connection with the current Supreme Court. The book won the 2025 Order of the Coif Book Award from the Association of American Law Schools, was longlisted for the 2025 Cundill History Prize, and was named a History Today Book of the Year for 2024. It has been reviewed in several high-profile venues, including The Washington Post and The Nation.
Gienapp's next book is on the forgotten history of the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution, currently entitled "We the People of the United States: The Struggle over Popular Sovereignty and Nationhood." It tells the story of the Preamble's early vitality and eventual descent into political and legal irrelevance as a way of exploring the broader struggle over popular sovereignty and national union in the early United States. It probes the often entwined debates over popular rule, sovereignty, federalism, and constitutionalism in the nation's earliest years to understand the full meanings of the Constitution's opening words: "We the People of the United States."
Gienapp has also published a range of articles, book chapters, and essays on early American constitutionalism, politics, and intellectual history, modern constitutional interpretation, and the study of the history of ideas.
He is a member of the Historians Council on the Constitution at the Brennan Center for Justice and has contributed to a number of amicus briefs to the Supreme Court of the United States. He is one of the founding editors of the Journal of American Constitutional History where he serves as a senior editorial advisor. He is also a member of the Stanford Civics Initiative and a charter member of the Alliance for Civics in the Academy.
In addition to his scholarship, Gienapp has been widely recognized for his teaching. At Stanford, he has been awarded the Walter J. Gores Award for Excellence in Teaching (the university's highest teaching award), the Phi Beta Kappa Teaching Prize, and the Dean’s Award for Distinguished Teaching in the School of Humanities and Sciences in the area of First Years of Teaching. Beyond Stanford, he has been awarded the Excellence in Teaching Award from the Phi Beta Kappa Northern California Association.