Henry Bair

All Publications

• Using Virtual Reality Technology in Biology Education: Satisfaction & Learning Outcomes of High School Students AMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER Chuang, T., Chou, Y., Pai, J., Huang, C., Bair, H., Pai, A., Yu, N. 2023; 85 (1): 23-32

  View details for DOI 10.1525/abt.2023.85.1.23

  View details for Web of Science ID 000917811200005

• Designing Mobile Epidemic Prevention Medical Stations for the COVID-19 Pandemic and International Medical Aid. International journal of environmental research and public health Gao, M. Z., Chou, Y. H., Chang, Y. Z., Pai, J. Y., Bair, H., Pai, S., Yu, N. C. 2022; 19 (16)

  Abstract

  The demand for mobile epidemic prevention medical stations originated from the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to reduce the infection risk of medical practitioners and provide flexible medical facilities in response to the variable needs of the pandemic, this research aimed to design mobile medical stations for COVID-19 epidemic prevention, the emergence of which began in February 2020. The mobile medical stations include a negative pressure isolation ward, a positive pressure swabbing station, a fever clinic and a laboratory. In Taiwan, many medical institutions used the mobile swabbing station design of this study to practice COVID-19 screening pre-tests. Internationally, this study assisted Palau in setting up medical stations to provide anti-epidemic goods and materials. The design of this study not only provides a highly flexible and safe medical environment but the benefits of screening can also be used as resources for medical research, forming an economic circulation for operation sustainability. In addition, the design of this study can also be used during the non-epidemic period as a healthcare station for rural areas or as a long-term community medical station.

  View details for DOI 10.3390/ijerph19169959

  View details for PubMedID 36011595

• Changes of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Glycated Hemoglobin A1c in Diabetic Macular Edema Patients Treated by Ranibizumab and Aflibercept in the Tertiary Referral Hospital. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Ku, W. N., Tien, P. T., Lin, C. J., Chiang, C. C., Hsia, N. Y., Lai, C. T., Muo, C. H., Bair, H., Chen, H. S., Lin, J. M., Chen, W. L., Tsai, Y. Y. 2022; 58 (8)

  Abstract

  Background and Objectives: Intravitreal injections (IVI) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors are guideline-indicated treatments for diabetic macular edema (DME). However, some recent data have suggested that IVI VEGF inhibitors might, through systemic absorption, lead to a reduction in renal function. Our study aims to compare changes in glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between patients who received IVI ranibizumab and aflibercept treatment and patients who have not received IVI treatments. Materials and Methods: There were 17,165 DME patients with documented ophthalmology visits in the China Medical University Hospital-Clinical Research Data Repository. Those with a history of ESRD or bevacizumab treatment history, and those with missing information on HbA1c or eGFR, were excluded. After matching by age (±2 years), gender, and the year of clinical visit, 154 patients with medical treatment (including ranibizumab and aflibercept) and 154 patients without medical treatment were included in the study. The difference between HbA1c and eGFR at baseline and 3 and 12 months after the index date between the two groups was assessed. Results: Mean HbA1c and eGFR decreased between baseline and 12 months after the index date in both groups (p < 0.05). Compared with the non-treatment group, the treatment group had significantly lower HbA1c 3 and 12 months after the index date. There was no significant difference in eGFR between the two groups. In the generalized estimating equations (GEE) model, HbA1c in the treatment group was lower than the non-treatment group (-0.44%, 95% CI = -0.75, -0.14), but eGFR was similar after adjusting for age, gender, and index-year. HbA1c and eGFR decreased with the time in the adjusted GEE model (p < 0.0001) in both groups. Conclusions: This study showed that eGFR decreased with age and time and was not related to IVI anti-VEGF treatments in our tertiary referral hospital. IVI anti-VEGF therapy was also associated with better HbA1c control. It is suggested that DME patients can receive intravitreal VEGF inhibitors without inducing more renal impairment.

  View details for DOI 10.3390/medicina58081081

  View details for PubMedID 36013548

• Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers in Predicting Treatment Outcomes of Diabetic Macular Edema After Dexamethasone Implants. Frontiers in medicine Huang, Y. T., Chang, Y. C., Meng, P. P., Lin, C. J., Lai, C. T., Hsia, N. Y., Chen, H. S., Tien, P. T., Bair, H., Lin, J. M., Chen, W. L., Tsai, Y. Y. 2022; 9: 852022

  Abstract

  To identify optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers that may predict functional and anatomical outcomes in diabetic macular edema (DME) patients treated with intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant.Sixty-four eyes from 50 patients with DME were enrolled. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT biomarkers including central retinal thickness (CRT), subretinal fluid (SRF), intraretinal cysts (IRC), ellipsoid zone disruption (EZD), disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL), hard exudate (HE), hyperreflective foci (HRF), epiretinal membrane (ERM), and vitreomacular interface (VMI) changes were evaluated at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Multiple logistic analysis was performed to evaluate each OCT biomarker as a predictive factor for functional and anatomical improvement at the end of treatment.The presence of SRF at baseline was associated with a favorable outcome, with CRT improving by more than 100 μm after treatment from multivariate logistic regression analysis [odds ratio 6.16 (1.75-21.6)]. In addition, baseline SRF predicted a greater CRT improvement from multiple regression analysis (model R-square 0.11, p = 0.006). The reduction of DRIL, SRF, LONLC, IRC, and EZD were correlated with better CRT improvement (more than 100 μm) (P < 0.05). SRF and EZD recovery can also predict better visual prognosis (P < 0.05).OCT biomarkers can be used to predict who may benefit the most after DEX treatment. We suggest that the DEX implant should be considered as a first line treatment in DME patients with SRF.

  View details for DOI 10.3389/fmed.2022.852022

  View details for PubMedID 35755055

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC9218219

• A Brief History of Exposure Notification During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States, 2020-2021. Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) Bair, H., Wanger, J. D., Shah, N. R. 2022: 333549221099533

  Abstract

  The swift global spread of COVID-19 prompted public health authorities to explore digital technologies to aid in contact tracing for infection control. Exposure notification, a mobile device-based technology that notifies individuals of potential exposure to COVID-19 without requiring personally identifiable information, has been broadly favored because of its relative ease of use, scalability, and protection of personal privacy. Although several exposure notification protocols were developed, a partnership between Google and Apple led to the development of the most widely implemented exposure notification protocol in the world, including in the United States. In this article, we first describe the development of the Google Apple Exposure Notification (GAEN) protocol, noting the value of the discourse among software developers and public health authorities concerning the protocol's design and features. We track states' deployment of GAEN mobile applications (apps) and population-level adoption rates, finding the nationwide rollout of GAEN apps to be more fragmented than anticipated. We then discuss how the limited data collected from these apps make assessments of their effectiveness challenging. Finally, we consider the importance of the federal government playing a greater role in GAEN's early development, emphasize the power of public-private partnerships, and highlight the overriding importance of public messaging over technological details.

  View details for DOI 10.1177/00333549221099533

  View details for PubMedID 35674242

• Long-term real world teprotumumab outcomes Lu, T., Bair, H., Amarikwa, L., Diniz, S., Singh, P., Clauss, K., Dosiou, C., Wester, S., Rootman, D., Kossler, A. ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC. 2022

  View details for Web of Science ID 000844437005107

• Trends of PRP and Anti-VEGF for NPDR in the IRIS (R) Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight), 2016-2018 Bair, H., Brant, A., Pershing, S., Mishra, K., Perlroth, A., Xu, C., Do, D. V. ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC. 2022

  View details for Web of Science ID 000844401306239

• Visual Outcomes post-PPV for Tractional Retinal Detachment or Vitreous Hemorrhage in the Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS) Registry Perlroth, A., Brant, A., Pershing, S., Mishra, K., Bair, H., Xu, C., Do, D. V. ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC. 2022

  View details for Web of Science ID 000844401301248

• Trends for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Treatments in the IRIS (R) Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) Xu, C. L., Brant, A., Pershing, S., Mishra, K., Perlroth, A., Bair, H., Do, D. V. ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC. 2022

  View details for Web of Science ID 000844401306238

• Newly Diagnosed Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: Demographics and Epidemiology from the IRIS (R) Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) Mishra, K., Brant, A., Pershing, S., Perlroth, A., Bair, H., Xu, C., Do, D. V. ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC. 2022

  View details for Web of Science ID 000844437000229

• Progression and Regression of Diabetic Retinopathy in the IRIS (R) Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) Brant, A., Mishra, K., Perlroth, A., Bair, H., Xu, C., Pershing, S., Do, D. V. ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC. 2022

  View details for Web of Science ID 000844401306218

• Comparison of Choroidal Thickness, Foveal Avascular Zone, and Macular Capillary Density in Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Treated with Ranibizumab or Aflibercept-A Prospective Study. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Huang, Y., Wang, I., Lin, C., Lai, C., Hsia, N., Chen, H., Tien, P., Bair, H., Lin, J., Chen, W., Chen, C., Wu, W., Tsai, Y. 2022; 58 (4)

  Abstract

  This prospective comparative case series aims to compare best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal microvasculature, and retinal structural changes in patients treated with either ranibizumab or aflibercept for macular edema (ME) secondary to treatment-naive branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Ten patients were enrolled with macular capillary density of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) measured in both eyes before and after treatment. Final central retinal thickness and BCVA improved significantly (p < 0.05), and densities of SCP and DCP of BRVO sectors were significantly lower at baseline than fellow eye counterparts and remained persistently lower during treatment, particularly in the aflibercept group (p < 0.05). SCP density, DCP density of both BRVO sectors (p = 0.0001, p < 0.0001), and non-BRVO sectors (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001) were significantly correlated with final BCVA for diseased eyes. Using multivariate general linear model analysis, and including OCTA parameters only, but not all of the available clinical data, DCP density of BRVO sectors in both eyes was the most predictive factor for final visual outcome (probability p < 0.0001). OCTA offered further qualitative and quantitative evaluation of treatment-naive BRVO. Judging by OCTA parameters, not only in the diseased eye but also in the fellow eye, DCP density of BRVO sectors was the most predictive factor of final visual outcome.

  View details for DOI 10.3390/medicina58040540

  View details for PubMedID 35454378

• Intravitreal aflibercept combined with transpupillary thermotherapy in the treatment of refractory macular edema due to primary uveal melanoma. Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology Huang, Y. T., Lin, C. J., Hsia, N. Y., Lai, C. T., Bair, H., Tsai, Y. Y. 2022

  View details for DOI 10.4103/tjo.tjo_44_21

• Use of Ultra-Widefield Fluorescein Angiography to Guide the Treatment of Idiopathic Retinal Vasculitis, Aneurysms, and Neuroretinitis—Case Report and Literature Review. Medicina Meng, P. P., Lin, C. J., Hsia, N. Y., Lai, C. T., Bair, H., Lin, J. M., Chen, W. L., Tsai, Y. Y. 2022; 58 (10): 1467

  View details for DOI 10.3390/medicina58101467

• Three mementos Palliative and Supportive Care Bair, H. 2022

  View details for DOI 10.1017/S1478951522001419

• Short-term anatomic response of the choroid to tropicamide in myopic patients Medicine Lin, C. Y., Wang, I., Lin, C. J., Lai, C. T., Bair, H., C, W. L., L, J. M., Tien, P. T., Hsia, N. Y., Tsai, Y. Y. 2022; 101 (37): e30481

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000030481

• Lessons from designing a medical school course on mortality. Medical Education Horak, P. W., Bair, H., Pompei, P., Gisondi, M. A. 2022

  View details for DOI 10.1111/medu.14767

• MultiColor Imaging in Urticarial Vasculitis with Recurrent Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion in a Case with Positive Toxoplasma IgG and Interferon-Gamma Release Assay American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports Bair, H., Lin, C. J., Li, Y. L., Hsia, N. Y., Lai, C. T., Lin, J. M., Chen, W. L., Chiang, C. C., Tsai, Y. Y. 2022; 26

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101437

• The incidence of uveitis after systemic lymphoma in Taiwan: An 18-year nationwide population-based cohort study. Medicine Huang, Y. T., Lin, C. J., Liao, P. L., Hsu, M. Y., Chang, C. H., Tien, P. T., Lai, C. T., Hsia, N. Y., Bair, H., Chen, H. S., Chiang, C. C., Tsai, Y. Y. 2022; 101 (8): e28881

  Abstract

  Although uveitis can be an intraocular presentation of systemic lymphoma, it may be associated with direct lymphomatous infiltration and immune-mediated alterations. There have been no published studies describing the incidence of uveitis after systemic lymphoma. We conducted a nationwide cohort study to investigate the incidence of uveitis after systemic lymphoma diagnosis in Taiwan. Data were collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance system and included patients newly diagnosed with systemic lymphoma between 2000 and 2017. We observed the risk of uveitis among study population since the index date until December 2017. The 1:8 of systemic lymphoma patient and paired comparison was identified by time distribution matching and individual paired with sex and age. Subsequent propensity score matching (PSM) was used to select the 1:1 of systemic lymphoma patient and paired comparison by greedy algorism with caliper of 0.05. The multiple Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to compare the developmental risk of uveitis (time-to-uveitis) between the systemic lymphoma and non-systemic lymphoma, while controlling for selected covariates. After time distribution matching, we selected 6846 patients with systemic lymphoma, and 54,768 comparisons. Among patients with systemic lymphoma groups, there were more men than women (52.94% vs 47.06%) and the mean age was 53.32 ± 21.22 years old. Systemic lymphoma incidence rates (per 10,000 person-months) of uveitis were 1.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60-2.35) in the systemic lymphoma cohort and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.42-1.63) in the non-systemic lymphoma cohort. Compared with the non-systemic lymphoma cohort, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of developing uveitis were 1.24 (95% CI, 1.00-1.52) in people with systemic lymphoma. But not significant in after PSM, aHR of developing uveitis were 1.17 (95% CI, 0.90-1.53). This 18-year nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan, showed that the risk of uveitis in patients' systemic lymphoma was not significantly higher than non-systemic lymphoma after PSM. In elderly and rheumatic patients with intraocular inflammation, it is important to first exclude uveitis masquerade syndrome, which could be a harbinger of intraocular involvement from systemic lymphoma. Further large-scale prospective clinical studies to investigate whether systemic lymphoma influences the incidence of uveitis are warranted.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000028881

  View details for PubMedID 35212287

• Age, Initial Central Retinal Thickness, and OCT Biomarkers Have an Influence on the Outcome of Diabetic Macular Edema Treated With Ranibizumab- Tri-center 12-Month Treat-and-Extend Study. Frontiers in medicine Lai, C. T., Hsieh, Y. T., Lin, C. J., Wang, J. K., Lin, C. Y., Hsia, N. Y., Bair, H., Chen, H. S., Chiu, C. Y., Weng, S. W. 2021; 8: 668107

  Abstract

  Objective: We report the tri-center 1-year outcomes of a treat-and-extend (T&E) regimen in four-week intervals with ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: In this retrospective study, all eyes received 3 monthly loading injections of 0.5 mg ranibizumab, followed by a T&E regimen for DME. Regression models were used to evaluate the associating factors for visual and anatomical outcomes. Results: Ninety one eyes from 64 patients were enrolled. Mean LogMAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 0.58 at baseline to 0.36 at month 12 and mean central retinal thickness (CRT) decreased from 411 μm at baseline to 290 μm at month 12. Younger age and eyes having thinner baseline CRT, with ellipsoid zone disruption (EZD), and without epiretinal membrane (ERM) were associated with better final CRT. Moreover, eyes with thicker baseline CRT tend to receive more injections. Among the parameters, only having ERM or EZD was associated with significant BCVA recovery. Conclusions: A T&E regimen with ranibizumab by 4-week intervals is effective in improving BCVA and reducing CRT with efficacy notable starting from the third month. Clinical parameters including age, initial CRT, and presence of ERM or EZD significantly influenced therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, the presence of ERM should not preclude DME patients from receiving anti-VEGF therapy. Future studies with larger cohorts are warranted.

  View details for DOI 10.3389/fmed.2021.668107

  View details for PubMedID 34012972

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC8126636

• Chronic Kidney Disease as A Potential Risk Factor for Uveitis: A 13-Year Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Lin, C. J., Tien, P. T., Lai, C. T., Hsia, N. Y., Chang, C. H., Bair, H., Chen, H. S., Yang, Y. C., Lin, J. M., Chen, W. L., Tsai, Y. Y. 2021

  View details for DOI 10.1080/09273948.2021.1976213

• Astigmatism Management with Astigmatism-Correcting Intraocular Lens Using Two Toric Calculators - A Comparative Case Series Clinical ophthalmology Huang, Y. T., Lin, C. J., Lai, C. T., Hsia, N. Y., Tien, P. T., Bair, H., Chen, H. S., Chiang, C. C., Lin, J. M., Chen, W. L., Wu, W. C., Tsai, Y. Y. 2021; 15: 3259-3266

  View details for DOI 10.2147/OPTH.S325234

• The Fighter. Journal of palliative medicine Bair, H. 2021; 24 (11): 1740-1741

  View details for DOI 10.1089/jpm.2021.0214

  View details for PubMedID 34726523

• Still I Croon Palliative Medicine Reports Bair, H. 2021; 2 (1): 199-200

  View details for DOI 10.1089/pmr.2020.0076

• Perioperative management of antithrombotic medications: An investigation into current U. S. ophthalmologic recommendations Journal of Current Ophthalmology Garcia, G. A., Bair, H., Kossler, A. L. 2021; 33 (2): 182-188

  View details for DOI 10.4103/2452-2325.303201

• A witness for the unconsoled. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Bair, H. 2021

  View details for DOI 10.1111/jgs.17431

  View details for PubMedID 34478573

• With an End in Sight. Journal of pain and symptom management Bair, H. 2021

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.07.015

  View details for PubMedID 34339810

• Chronic kidney disease as a potential risk factor for retinal vascular disease: A 13-year nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Medicine Lin, C. J., Tien, P. T., Lai, C. T., Hsia, N. Y., Chang, C. H., Yang, Y. C., Bair, H. n., Chen, H. S., Wu, W. C., Tsai, Y. Y. 2021; 100 (15): e25224

  Abstract

  We investigate whether patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of retinal vascular disease (RVD). Data was collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance system and included patients newly diagnosed with CKD between 2000 and 2012. The endpoint of interest was a diagnosis of RVD. Follow-up data of 85,596 patients with CKD and 85,596 matched comparisons (non-CKD) from 2000 to 2012 were analyzed. Patients with CKD were found to have a significantly higher cumulative incidence of RVD (Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test P < .0001). Through multivariate Cox regression analysis, the CKD group was found to have higher risk of developing RVD (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 2.30 [2.16-2.44]) when compared to the control cohort. When comparison of CKD group and non-CKD group was stratified by gender, age and comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia), the higher risk of RVD in patients with CKD remained significant in all subgroups. Patients with CKD were found to have higher risk of developing RVD in this cohort study. In addition, CKD imposed the same risk for RVD development in all age groups and in patients with or without hypertension or diabetes. Thus, patients with CKD should be vigilant for symptoms of RVD. Understanding the link between CKD and RVD could lead to the development of new treatment and screening strategies for both diseases.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000025224

  View details for PubMedID 33847619

• Smothered Hurts Family Medicine Bair, H. 2021; 53 (3): 225-225

  View details for DOI 10.22454/FamMed.2021.693830

• Short-Term Outcomes of Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema Switch From Ranibizumab to Dexamethasone Implant and the Influential Factors: A Retrospective Real World Experience Frontiers in Medicine Hsia, N. Y., Lin, C. J., Chen, H. S., Chang, C. H., Bair, H., Lai, C. T., Chen, W. L., Tien, P. T., Wu, W. C., Tsai, Y. Y. 2021; 8

  View details for DOI 10.3389/fmed.2021.649979

• Intravitreal aflibercept as a rescue therapy for retinal neovascularization and macular edema due to Eales disease. Case reports in ophthalmological medicine Hsia, N. Y., Lin, C. J., Lai, C. T., Bair, H., Chang, C. H., Lin, J. M., Tsai, Y. Y. 2021; 2021

  View details for DOI 10.1155/2021/8887362

• Found in translation. Patient education and counseling Bair, H. n. 2021

  Abstract

  In this essay, the author, a medical student, details his experience interpreting for a physician and his Chinese-speaking depression-afflicted patient. The author describes and reflects on the difficulties presented in cross-cultural interactions, especially when it involves culturally sensitive medical issues, and through this case ultimately examines lessons on how healthcare providers can more compassionately approach all patients.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.pec.2021.02.006

  View details for PubMedID 33583650

• Preoperative Vision, Gender, and Operation Time Predict Visual Improvement After Epiretinal Membrane Vitrectomy: A Retrospective Study. Clinical ophthalmology Bair, H., Kung, W. H., Lai, C. T., Lin, C. J., Chen, H. S., Chang, C. H., Lin, J. M., Hsia, N. Y., Chen, W. L., Tien, P. T., Wu, W. C., Tsai, Y. Y. 2021; 2021 (15): 807-814

  View details for DOI 10.2147/OPTH.S294690

• "Not Until I See My Other Doctor". The Permanente journal Bair, H. 2020; 24

  Abstract

  This story is based on a series of encounters between the author-a medical student-and a hospitalized patient with terminal cancer. Over multiple conversations, the narrator becomes closely acquainted with the patient's life and outlook, and helps her navigate an important decision regarding the course of her treatment. In the process, the narrator is given the opportunity to examine the limits of medicine and what matters to patients at the end of life.

  View details for DOI 10.7812/TPP/19.033

  View details for PubMedID 31852043

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6907916

• Half Her. JAMA Bair, H. 2020; 323 (15): 1511

  View details for DOI 10.1001/jama.2020.0548

  View details for PubMedID 32315059

• Intraocular endoscopy for the evaluation and treatment of hypotony due to a traumatic cyclodialysis: a case report. BMC ophthalmology Bair, H., Lin, C. J., Lai, C. T., Hsia, N. Y., Tsai, Y. Y. 2020; 20 (1): 117

  Abstract

  A cyclodialysis cleft often leads to direct communication between the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal space. It is a rare condition that is encountered with blunt trauma, and less commonly, after surgery. Hypotony is the major sequelae that may lead to hypotonous maculopathy, optic disc edema, corneal folds, and astigmatism. These may cumulatively lead to visual loss. We describe how endoscopy in a cyclodialysis repair allowed us to accurately locate the cleft and guided its appropriate management avoiding unnecessary cryopexy.A 41-year-old male experienced a traumatic cyclodialysis cleft, which resulted in persistent hypotony. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed to treat vitreous hemorrhage. Scleral indentation was attempted to visualize the cyclodialysis cleft. However, the depression distorted the visualization. Intraocular endoscopy was therefore used to evaluate the cleft. Guided by this assessment, only intraocular gas tamponade was used to reposition the ciliary body. The patient's intraocular pressure was restored to 13 mmHg 3 days after the operation, and OCT confirmed cleft closure 1 month after the operation.Endoscopy-assisted repair of cyclodialysis is an approach that enhances visualization and can guard against common causes of persistent cleft and hypotony, as well as reveal the causes of recurrent failure. Hence, it can eliminate unnecessary cryopexy that might worsen the hypotonous state. In our case, intraocular endoscopy was effective for the evaluation of a cyclodialysis cleft and the subsequent selection of an appropriate management technique, gas tamponade, that was more conservative than other approaches initially considered.

  View details for DOI 10.1186/s12886-020-01375-3

  View details for PubMedID 32293350

• Surgical management of jaw-winking synkinesis and ptosis in Marcus Gunn syndrome: a systematic outcomes analysis Plastic and Aesthetic Research Bair, H., Garcia, G. A., Erickson, B. P. 2020; 7: 68

  View details for DOI 10.20517/2347-9264.2020.74

• Waiting for Jerry. The American journal of nursing Bair, H. n. 2020; 120 (3): 72

  Abstract

  A patient's mysterious (and infectious) hope gives her meaning and seems to bolster her strength.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000656380.51779.10

  View details for PubMedID 32079807

• Spirituality in Medical Training-An Agnostic's Prayer. JAMA oncology Bair, H. n. 2020

  View details for DOI 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.2063

  View details for PubMedID 32672794

• "Percussive" orbital trauma from wooden drumstick. Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie Garcia, G. A., Veerappan, M. n., Bair, H. n., Charlson, E. S., Wu, A. Y. 2020

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jcjo.2020.07.016

  View details for PubMedID 32818428

• 365 Days of Notes. Palliative & supportive care Bair, H. n. 2020: 1–2

  View details for DOI 10.1017/S1478951520000243

  View details for PubMedID 32297586

• Operational Considerations on the American Academy of Pediatrics Guidance for K-12 School Reentry. JAMA pediatrics Wang, C. J., Bair, H. n. 2020

  View details for DOI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.3871

  View details for PubMedID 32780111

• They Do Not See Humans. Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry Bair, H. n. 2020

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s40596-020-01322-w

  View details for PubMedID 33029701

• Relationship between Uveitis and Thyroid Disease: A 13-Year Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study in Taiwan. Ocular immunology and inflammation Lin, C. J., Tien, P. T., Chang, C. H., Hsia, N. Y., Yang, Y. C., Lai, C. T., Bair, H. n., Chen, H. S., Tsai, Y. Y. 2020: 1–7

  Abstract

  To investigate whether patients with thyroid disease are at increased risk of uveitis.Data was collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance system and included patients newly diagnosed with thyroid disease from 2000 to 2012. The endpoint of interest was a diagnosis of uveitis.In analyzing 21,396 patients with thyroid disease, yielding 85,584 matched comparisons, patients with thyroid disease to have a significantly higher cumulative incidence of uveitis when compared to the control cohort with the Kaplan-Meier analysis. This result was further confirmed by Cox regression analysis. The increased risk was persistent in both genders. The association between thyroid disease and uveitis was stronger in patients without diabetes or hypertension.Patients with thyroid disease were found to have a higher risk for uveitis. For certain age groups or patients without diabetes or hypertension, the role of thyroid disease might be more crucial for uveitis development.

  View details for DOI 10.1080/09273948.2020.1762899

  View details for PubMedID 32643974

• Epiretinal Membrane Detection at the Ophthalmologist Level using Deep Learning of Optical Coherence Tomography. Scientific reports Lo, Y. C., Lin, K. H., Bair, H. n., Sheu, W. H., Chang, C. S., Shen, Y. C., Hung, C. L. 2020; 10 (1): 8424

  Abstract

  Previous deep learning studies on optical coherence tomography (OCT) mainly focused on diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. We proposed a deep learning model that can identify epiretinal membrane (ERM) in OCT with ophthalmologist-level performance.Cross-sectional study.A total of 3,618 central fovea cross section OCT images from 1,475 eyes of 964 patients.We retrospectively collected 7,652 OCT images from 1,197 patients. From these images, 2,171 were normal and 1,447 were ERM OCT. A total of 3,141 OCT images was used as training dataset and 477 images as testing dataset. DL algorithm was used to train the interpretation model. Diagnostic results by four board-certified non-retinal specialized ophthalmologists on the testing dataset were compared with those generated by the DL model.We calculated for the derived DL model the following characteristics: sensitivity, specificity, F1 score and area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. These were calculated according to the gold standard results which were parallel diagnoses of the retinal specialist. Performance of the DL model was finally compared with that of non-retinal specialized ophthalmologists.Regarding the diagnosis of ERM in OCT images, the trained DL model had the following characteristics in performance: sensitivity: 98.7%, specificity: 98.0%, and F1 score: 0.945. The accuracy on the training dataset was 99.7% (95% CI: 99.4 - 99.9%), and for the testing dataset, diagnostic accuracy was 98.1% (95% CI: 96.5 - 99.1%). AUC of the ROC curve was 0.999. The DL model slightly outperformed the average non-retinal specialized ophthalmologists.An ophthalmologist-level DL model was built here to accurately identify ERM in OCT images. The performance of the model was slightly better than the average non-retinal specialized ophthalmologists. The derived model may play a role to assist clinicians to promote the efficiency and safety of healthcare in the future.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-65405-2

  View details for PubMedID 32439844

• Thyroid eye disease not associated with the risk for uveitis: a 13-year nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan Journal of Thyroid Disorders and Therapy Lin, C. J., Tien, P. T., Chang, C. H., Hsia, N. Y., Lin, J. M., Yang Y. C., Bair, H., Chen, H. S., Tsai, Y. 2020; 9 (1): 239

  View details for DOI 10.35248/2167-7948.20.09.239

• A Confession for the End. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Bair, H. n. 2020

  View details for DOI 10.1111/jgs.16708

  View details for PubMedID 32710636

• An arc of life. Palliative & supportive care Bair, H. n. 2020: 1–2

  View details for DOI 10.1017/S1478951520000644

  View details for PubMedID 32729459

• Multimodal Imaging of Acute Multifocal Hemorrhagic Retinal Vasculitis - a Case Report. Retinal cases & brief reports Meng, P. P., Lin, C. J., Hsia, N. Y., Lai, C. T., Bair, H. n., Lin, J. M., Tsai, Y. Y. 2020

  Abstract

  To report a case of acute multifocal hemorrhagic retinal vasculitis and demonstrate the multimodal imaging.Interventional case report.A 54-year-old female without significant past medical history complained of redness and blurred vision in both eyes. Her visual acuity was counting fingers and 20/60. Mild conjunctival injection, anterior chamber cells, and vitreous haze were noted. Fundus showed multifocal intraretinal hemorrhages. Fluorescein angiography revealed vasculitic process with intraretinal hemorrhage blocking defects and retinal ischemic changes in both eyes. Anterior chamber tap fluid PCR for VZV, HSV I/II, CMV, and EBV was unremarkable. Rheumatology was consulted and systemic vasculitis was ruled out. Her vision improved to 20/50 and 20/20 after pulse methylprednisolone therapy, oral methotrexate, and prednisolone treatment.Acute multifocal hemorrhagic retinal vasculitis can occur in an immunocompetent patient. Multimodal Imaging is useful in the diagnosis and follow-up. Patients could benefit from early and aggressive immunosuppressive therapy.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/ICB.0000000000001105

  View details for PubMedID 33290296

• A Call to Address Mortality in the Medical School Curriculum. Journal of palliative medicine Bair, H. n., Horak, P. W. 2020

  View details for DOI 10.1089/jpm.2020.0591

  View details for PubMedID 33017268

• To a Friend in the Small Hours. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology Bair, H. n. 2020: JCO2000887

  View details for DOI 10.1200/JCO.20.00887

  View details for PubMedID 32516089

• Extracellular vesicles attenuate nitrofen-mediated human pulmonary artery endothelial dysfunction: implications for congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Stem cells and development Zhaorigetu, S. n., Bair, H. n., Jin, D. n., Gupta, V. S., Pandit, L. M., Bryan, R. M., Lally, K. P., Olson, S. D., Cox, C. S., Harting, M. T. 2020

  Abstract

  Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) leads to pathophysiologic pulmonary vasoreactivity. Previous studies show that mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSCEv) inhibit lung inflammation and vascular remodeling. We characterize MSCEv and human pulmonary artery endothelial cell (HPAEC) interaction as well as the pulmonary artery (PA) response to MSCEv treatment. HPAECs were cultured with and without exposure to nitrofen and treated with MSCEv. HPAEC viability, architecture, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), endothelial dysfunction-associated protein levels (PPARγ, LOX-1, LOX-2, NF-κB, eNOS, ET1), and the nature of MSCEv-cellular interaction were assessed. Newborn rodents with and without CDH (nitrofen model, Sprague-Dawley) were treated with intravascular MSCEv or vehicle control, and their PAs were isolated. Contractility was assessed via wire myography. The contractile (KCL,ET-1) and relaxation (fasudil) responses were evaluated. HPAEC viability correlated inversely with nitrofen dose, while architectural compromise was directly proportional. There was a 2.1x increase in ROS levels in nitrofen HPAECs(p<0.001), and MSCEv treatment attenuated ROS levels by 1.5x versus nitrofen HPAECs(p<0.01). Nitrofen-induced alterations in endothelial dysfunction-associated proteins are shown, and exposure to MSCEv restored more physiologic expression. Nitrofen HPAEC displayed greater MSCEv uptake (80% increase)(p<0.05). Adenosine, a clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor, decreased uptake by 46%(p<0.05). CDH PA contraction was impaired with KCL (108.6±1.4% vs 112.0±1.4%,p=0.092) and ET-1 (121.7±3.0% vs 131.2±1.8%, p<0.01). CDH PA relaxation was impaired with fasudil (32.2±1.9% vs 42.1±2.2%,p<0.001). After MSCEv treatment, CDH PA contraction improved (125.9±3.4% vs 116.4±3.5, p=0.078), and relaxation was unchanged (32.5±3.2% vs 29.4±3.1%,p=0.496). HPAEC exposure to nitrofen led to changes consistent with vasculopathy in CDH, and MSCEv treatment led to a more physiologic cellular response. MSCEv were preferentially taken up by nitrofen-treated cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. In vivo, MSCEv exposure improved PA contractile response. These data reveal mechanisms of cellular and signaling alterations that characterize MSCEv-mediated attenuation of pulmonary vascular dysfunction in CDH-associated PH.

  View details for DOI 10.1089/scd.2020.0063

  View details for PubMedID 32475301

• How to Prevent and Manage Hospital-Based Infections During Coronavirus Outbreaks: Five Lessons from Taiwan. Journal of hospital medicine Wang, C. J., Bair, H. n., Yeh, C. C. 2020

  View details for DOI 10.12788/jhm.3452

  View details for PubMedID 32490801

• Crying blood: Association of Valsalva and Hemolacria. Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Garcia, G. A., Bair, H. n., Charlson, E. S., Egbert, J. E. 2020: 1

  View details for DOI 10.1080/01676830.2020.1768562

  View details for PubMedID 32425083

• Too much to do for death. Palliative & supportive care Bair, H. 2019: 1–2

  View details for DOI 10.1017/S1478951519000634

  View details for PubMedID 31535611

• Dear Rachel. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology Bair, H. 2019: JCO1900978

  View details for DOI 10.1200/JCO.19.00978

  View details for PubMedID 31232670

• Deliverance, Their Way. Journal of palliative medicine Bair, H. n. 2019; 22 (12): 1614–15

  View details for DOI 10.1089/jpm.2019.0230

  View details for PubMedID 31794376

• 2019 Hope Babette Tang Humanism in Healthcare Essay Contest: Third Place Medical Student Essay: The Hallmark Store. Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges Bair, H. n. 2019; 94 (10): 1476–77

  View details for DOI 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002865

  View details for PubMedID 31567216

• The Unexpected Volunteer. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM Bair, H. n. 2019; 33 (3): 481–83

  Abstract

  In this narrative account, the author, a medical student, describes his encounters with several inpatients at a community hospital. He becomes acquainted with a patient's son, who, initially withdrawn, over the course of his mother's hospitalizations transforms into a compassionate volunteer. This change is made especially evident when the author meets another patient who recognizes the volunteer and reveals his very different past.

  View details for DOI 10.3122/jabfm.2020.03.190291

  View details for PubMedID 32430384

• Outcome of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment using microincision vitrectomy and sutureless wide-angle viewing systems. BMC ophthalmology Lai, C. T., Kung, W. H., Lin, C. J., Chen, H. S., Bair, H. n., Lin, J. M., Chen, W. L., Tien, P. T., Tsai, Y. Y. 2019; 19 (1): 230

  Abstract

  To evaluate the efficacy of micro-incision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) using Lumera and Resight non-contact sutureless wide-angle viewing systems (WAVS) for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), and to analyze the anatomical and visual outcomes.The retrospective, non-comparative, interventional case series reported here was conducted from June 2014 through November 2016. Enrolled patients presented with primary RRD and received MIVS with/without cryopexy by one surgeon using the Lumera and Resight non-contact sutureless WAVS. All patients were followed-up for a minimum of 12 months. Variables collected included patient demographics, best-corrected visual acuity, and macular status. The number and position of retinal break(s), and the use of cryopexy, were also recorded. Outcome measures included operative time, single-operation anatomical success rate, final anatomical success rate, recurrent rate, postoperative best-corrected visual acuity, and surgical complications. The end points were operative time, anatomical outcome, and functional outcome.In total, 110 eyes from 110 patients (68 men and 42 women) were treated. Of these, 103 (93%) eyes were reattached after primary vitrectomy. One hundred ten eyes (100%) reached final anatomical success. The mean operative time was 50.55 min. Multivariate analyses were performed with best model selection principle based on general linear model by Akaike Information Criteria for detecting possible factors related to operation time, and with multivariate logistic regression analysis for revealing probable clinical parameters which might influence the anatomical outcome after first operation and final visual outcome. Intraoperative cryopexy and multiple breaks increased operative time significantly. More favorable BCVA was significantly correlated with shorter operation time and the preoperative macula-on status. Multivariate logistic regression on the group of patients who have received the cataract surgery revealed that the pre-operative BCVA is a significant factor which can predict the visual outcome after MIVS.The outcome of primary RRD repaired by MIVS using the Lumera and Resight sutureless WAVS was not inferior to any other published method. This instrument combination resulted in a relatively rapid and comfortable procedure without serious postoperative complications. Cryopexy and multiple breaks affected operative time significantly. Shorter operative times and preoperative macula-on status are associated with better final visual outcomes.

  View details for DOI 10.1186/s12886-019-1238-3

  View details for PubMedID 31744475

• The wedding proposal. Patient education and counseling Bair, H. n. 2019

  Abstract

  In this narrative essay, the author, a medical student, describes a patient who was nearing the end of her life and who feared passing away before she could witness her daughter's wedding. This story describes the lengths to which the medical team went to in order to address this concern, illustrating a particularly humanistic instance of what end-of-life care can mean.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.pec.2019.11.006

  View details for PubMedID 31744703

• My Exit. The Permanente journal Bair, H. n. 2019; 23

  Abstract

  This short story is based on and told from the perspective of a patient the author encountered as a medical student. The story explores the thoughts of an elderly patient, who is hospitalized because of multiple organ failure, as she contemplates the voluntary refusal of food, fluid, and antibiotics. The patient weighs these options in light of her beliefs and experiences, and in the face of seemingly futile medicalization.

  View details for DOI 10.7812/TPP/18.283

  View details for PubMedID 31634109

• Positive culture results and longer duration between onset and microincision vitrectomy have adverse effects on post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis outcome. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi Kung, W. H., Lai, C. T., Lin, C. J., Bair, H. n., Chen, H. S., Lin, J. M., Chen, W. L. 2019

  Abstract

  To evaluate the efficacy of microincision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) for the treatment of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis, and to report the factors which influence the outcome.This retrospective case series included eyes with post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis that had received MIVS between June 2014 and May 2017. The anatomical and functional results were analyzed.24 eyes of 24 patients were included with mean age 72.0 ± 8.6 years old. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved in 70.8% of patients with a significant mean logMAR BCVA change of -0.6 ± 0.9. Positive culture rate was 25%. In all study eyes, inflammation became silent after MIVS. In univariate analysis, patients with improved BCVA have shorter duration between cataract surgery and MIVS and less likely to have positive culture results. Using degree of BCVA improvement as a continuous variable, it showed that duration between cataract surgery and MIVS had significantly negative correlation with BCVA improvement. Patients with positive culture results had significantly lower BCVA improvement. Multiple regression models also confirmed the most important outcome-influencing factors.MIVS is an efficient management for post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis. BCVA is significantly improved after MIVS. No matter in univariate or multivariate analysis, positive culture results and longer duration between cataract surgery and MIVS have significant negative effects on the outcome of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis. Multicenter collaboration should be conducted in order to formulate better management protocols of this vision-threatening complication of cataract surgery.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.06.010

  View details for PubMedID 31296362

• The lost art of letter writing. Palliative & supportive care Bair, H. n. 2019: 1–2

  View details for DOI 10.1017/S147895151900049X

  View details for PubMedID 31298182

• Ultra-widefield angiography in the diagnosis and management of uveitis. Taiwan journal of ophthalmology Hsia, N., Li, Y., Lin, C., Bair, H., Lai, C., Lin, J., Chen, W., Tien, P., Kuo, C., Tsai, Y. 2018; 8 (3): 159–63

  Abstract

  PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical use of ultra-widefield angiography (UWFA) in uveitis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We showed the UWFA and traditional 55° fluorescein angiography (FA) of four cases with Eales' disease, idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis syndrome, Behcet's disease, and idiopathic panuveitis in a tertiary medical center. Comparison of UWFA with traditional 55°FA in the diagnosis and management of uveitis and review of the literature is also presented.RESULTS: Ultra-widefield FA revealed far-peripheral vascular imaging. This information would not have been easily obtained from traditional FA. With more information of the peripheral retina, it may facilitate appropriate diagnosis and monitoring, and the management may be revised.CONCLUSION: University of Western Australia played an important role to confirm the diagnosis of uveitis and to determine the corresponding treatment.

  View details for PubMedID 30294529

• Perturbations in Endothelial Dysfunction-Associated Pathways in the Nitrofen-Induced Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Model. Journal of vascular research Zhaorigetu, S., Bair, H., Lu, J., Jin, D., Olson, S. D., Harting, M. T. 2017; 55 (1): 26-34

  Abstract

  Although it is well known that nitrofen induces congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), including CDH-associated lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rodents, the mechanism of pathogenesis remains largely unclear. It has been reported that pulmonary artery (PA) endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction contributes to the development of PH in CDH. Thus, we hypothesized that there is significant alteration of endothelial dysfunction-associated proteins in nitrofen-induced CDH PAs. Pregnant SD rats received either nitrofen or olive oil on gestational day 9.5. The newborn rats were sacrificed and divided into a CDH (n = 81) and a control (n = 23) group. After PA isolation, the expression of PA endothelial dysfunction-associated proteins was assessed on Western blot and immunostaining. We demonstrate that the expression of C-reactive protein and endothelin-1 and its receptors, ETA and ETB, were significantly increased in the CDH PAs. Levels of phosphorylated myosin light chain were significantly elevated, but those of phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase, caveolin-1, and mechanistic target of rapamycin were significantly decreased in the CDH PAs. In this work, we elucidate alterations in the expression of endothelial dysfunction-associated proteins specific to nitrofen-induced CDH rodent PAs, thereby advancing our understanding of the critical role of endothelial dysfunction-associated pathways in the pathogenesis of nitrofen-induced CDH.

  View details for DOI 10.1159/000484087

  View details for PubMedID 29216632

• Inflammation-Stimulated Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Inflammation. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) Harting, M. T., Srivastava, A. K., Zhaorigetu, S., Bair, H., Prabhakara, K. S., Toledano Furman, N. E., Vykoukal, J. V., Ruppert, K. A., Cox, C. S., Olson, S. D. 2017

  Abstract

  Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been proposed to be a key mechanistic link in the therapeutic efficacy of cells in response to cellular injuries through paracrine effects. We hypothesize that inflammatory stimulation of MSCs results in the release of EVs that have greater anti-inflammatory effects. The present study evaluates the immunomodulatory abilities of EVs derived from inflammation-stimulated and naive MSCs (MSCEv(+) and MSCEv, respectively) isolated using a current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP)-compliant tangential flow filtration (TFF) system. Detailed characterization of both EVs revealed differences in protein composition, cytokine profiles, and RNA content, despite similarities in size and expression of common surface markers. MSCEv(+) further attenuated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro when compared to MSCEv, with a distinctly different pattern of EV-uptake by activated primary leukocyte subpopulations. The efficacy of EVs was partially attributed to COX2/PGE2 expression. The present study demonstrates that inflammatory stimulation of MSCs renders release of EVs that have enhanced anti-inflammatory properties partially due to COX2/PGE2 pathway alteration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/stem.2730

  View details for PubMedID 29076623

• The Underlying Chemistry of Electronegative LDL's Atherogenicity CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS Ke, L., Stancel, N., Bair, H., Chen, C. 2014; 16 (8)

  Abstract

  Electronegative low-density lipoprotein (LDL) found in human plasma is highly atherogenic, and its level is elevated in individuals with increased cardiovascular risk. In this review, we summarize the available data regarding the elevation of the levels of electronegative LDL in the plasma of patients with various diseases. In addition, we discuss the harmful effects and underlying mechanisms of electronegative LDL in various cell types. We also highlight the known biochemical properties of electronegative LDL that may contribute to its atherogenic functions, including its lipid and protein composition, enzymatic activities, and structural features. Given the increasing recognition of electronegative LDL as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, key future goals include the development of a standard method for the detection of electronegative LDL that can be used in a large-scale population survey and the identification and testing of strategies for eliminating electronegative LDL from the blood.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s11883-014-0428-y

  View details for Web of Science ID 000340523400002

  View details for PubMedID 24890631

• Gender disparity in LDL-induced cardiovascular damage and the protective role of estrogens against electronegative LDL CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY Lee, A., Chen, W., Chan, H., Hsu, J., Shen, M., Chang, C., Bair, H., Su, M., Chang, K., Chen, C. 2014; 13

  Abstract

  Increased levels of the most electronegative type of LDL, L5, have been observed in the plasma of patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and can induce endothelial dysfunction. Because men have a higher predisposition to developing coronary artery disease than do premenopausal women, we hypothesized that LDL electronegativity is increased in men and promotes endothelial damage.L5 levels were compared between middle-aged men and age-matched, premenopausal women with or without MetS. We further studied the effects of gender-influenced LDL electronegativity on aortic cellular senescence and DNA damage in leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice by using senescence-associated-β-galactosidase and γH2AX staining, respectively. We also studied the protective effects of 17β-estradiol and genistein against electronegative LDL-induced senescence in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs).L5 levels were higher in MetS patients than in healthy subjects (P < 0.001), particularly in men (P = 0.001). LDL isolated from male db/db mice was more electronegative than that from male or female wild-type mice. In addition, LDL from male db/db mice contained abundantly more apolipoprotein CIII and induced more BAEC senescence than did female db/db or wild-type LDL. In the aortas of db/db mice but not wild-type mice, we observed cellular senescence and DNA damage, and the effect was more significant in male than in female db/db mice. Pretreatment with 17β-estradiol or genistein inhibited BAEC senescence induced by male or female db/db LDL and downregulated the expression of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha protein.The gender dichotomy of LDL-induced cardiovascular damage may underlie the increased propensity to coronary artery disease in men.

  View details for DOI 10.1186/1475-2840-13-64

  View details for Web of Science ID 000334807000001

  View details for PubMedID 24666525

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3974745

• The Changing Image of Physician in Taiwan ASIAN SOCIAL SCIENCE Chang, Y. M., Bair, H., Pai, J. Y. 2013; 9 (4)