Matthew Schwede

All Publications

• Clinician Recognition of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Risk Factors for Under-Recognition and Trends Over Time. Critical care medicine Schwede, M., Lee, R. Y., Zhuo, H., Kangelaris, K. N., Jauregui, A., Vessel, K., Belzer, A., Deiss, T., Matthay, M. A., Liu, K. D., Calfee, C. S. 2020; 48 (6): 830-837

  Abstract

  The acute respiratory distress syndrome is common in critically ill patients. Recognition is crucial because acute respiratory distress syndrome is associated with a high mortality rate, and low tidal volume ventilation improves mortality. However, acute respiratory distress syndrome often goes unrecognized. Risk factors for under-recognition and trends over time have not been fully described.Retrospective chart review of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome from a prospective cohort study of critically ill patients. For each patient's ICU stay, we searched the chart for terms that indicated that acute respiratory distress syndrome was diagnosed, in the differential diagnosis, or treated with low tidal volume ventilation.ICUs at a tertiary hospital at the University of California, San Francisco between 2008 and 2016.Critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.None.Acute respiratory distress syndrome was recognized in 70% of patients, and recognition increased from 60% in 2008-2009 to 92% in 2016 (p = 0.004). Use of tidal volumes less than 6.5 mL/kg also increased (p < 0.001) from 20% to 92%. Increased acute respiratory distress syndrome severity (p = 0.01) and vasopressor use (p = 0.04) were associated with greater recognition. Clinician diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome and inclusion of acute respiratory distress syndrome in the differential diagnosis were associated with tidal volumes less than 6.5 mL/kg (51% use of tidal volume ≤ 6.5 mL/kg if acute respiratory distress syndrome recognized vs 15% if not recognized; p = 0.002). Diagnosing acute respiratory distress syndrome was associated with lower tidal volume in multivariate analysis.Although acute respiratory distress syndrome recognition and low tidal volume ventilation use have increased over time, they remain less than universal. Clinician recognition of acute respiratory distress syndrome is associated with both systemic and respiratory severity of illness and is also associated with use of low tidal volume ventilation.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004328

  View details for PubMedID 32317598

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC7335674

• The Impact of Stroma Admixture on Molecular Subtypes and Prognostic Gene Signatures in Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology Schwede, M., Waldron, L., Mok, S. C., Wei, W., Basunia, A., Merritt, M. A., Mitsiades, C. S., Parmigiani, G., Harrington, D. P., Quackenbush, J., Birrer, M. J., Culhane, A. C. 2020; 29 (2): 509-519

  Abstract

  Recent efforts to improve outcomes for high-grade serous ovarian cancer, a leading cause of cancer death in women, have focused on identifying molecular subtypes and prognostic gene signatures, but existing subtypes have poor cross-study robustness. We tested the contribution of cell admixture in published ovarian cancer molecular subtypes and prognostic gene signatures.Gene signatures of tumor and stroma were developed using paired microdissected tissue from two independent studies. Stromal genes were investigated in two molecular subtype classifications and 61 published gene signatures. Prognostic performance of gene signatures of stromal admixture was evaluated in 2,527 ovarian tumors (16 studies). Computational simulations of increasing stromal cell proportion were performed by mixing gene-expression profiles of paired microdissected ovarian tumor and stroma.Recently described ovarian cancer molecular subtypes are strongly associated with the cell admixture. Tumors were classified as different molecular subtypes in simulations where the percentage of stromal cells increased. Stromal gene expression in bulk tumors was associated with overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.23), and in one data set, increased stroma was associated with anatomic sampling location. Five published prognostic gene signatures were no longer prognostic in a multivariate model that adjusted for stromal content.Cell admixture affects the interpretation and reproduction of ovarian cancer molecular subtypes and gene signatures derived from bulk tissue. Elucidating the role of stroma in the tumor microenvironment and in prognosis is important.Single-cell analyses may be required to refine the molecular subtypes of high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

  View details for DOI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-1359

  View details for PubMedID 31871106

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC7448721

• Genes for endosomal NHE6 and NHE9 are misregulated in autism brains. Molecular psychiatry Schwede, M., Garbett, K., Mirnics, K., Geschwind, D. H., Morrow, E. M. 2014; 19 (3): 277-9

  View details for DOI 10.1038/mp.2013.28

  View details for PubMedID 23508127

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3932404

• Online scaffolds: A constructivist approach to oncology fellow learning. Brondfield, S., Schwede, M., Johnson, T., Arora, S. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2022

  View details for Web of Science ID 000863680300286

• Diagnosis and Management of Neutrophilic Myeloid Neoplasms CLINICAL ADVANCES IN HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY Schwede, M., Gotlib, J., Shomali, W. 2021; 19 (7): 450-459

  View details for Web of Science ID 000669942200006

• Heterogeneous Definitions of Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Yield Distinct Outcomes in Response to First-Line Treatment with Hypomethylating Agents (HMA) and Venetoclax (Ven) Tan, I., Schwede, M., Phan, P., Yin, R., Zhang, T. Y., Mannis, G. N. 2021

  View details for DOI 10.1182/blood-2021-147886

• Proinflammatory cytokines and ARDS pulmonary edema fluid induce CD40 on human mesenchymal stromal cells-A potential mechanism for immune modulation. PloS one Wilfong, E. M., Croze, R., Fang, X., Schwede, M., Niemi, E., López, G. Y., Lee, J. W., Nakamura, M. C., Matthay, M. A. 2020; 15 (10): e0240319

  Abstract

  Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) are a promising therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other inflammatory conditions. While considerable research has focused on paracrine effects and mitochondrial transfer that improve lung fluid balance, hMSCs are well known to have immunomodulatory properties as well. Some of these immunomodulatory properties have been related to previously reported paracrine effectors such as indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), but these effects cannot fully account for cell-contact dependent immunomodulation. Here, we report that CD40 is upregulated on hMSCs under the same conditions previously reported to induce IDO. Further, CD40 transcription is also upregulated on hMSCs by ARDS pulmonary edema fluid but not by hydrostatic pulmonary edema fluid. Transcription of CD40, as well as paracrine effectors TSG6 and PTGS2 remained significantly upregulated for at least 12 hours after withdrawal of cytokine stimulation. Finally, induction of this immune phenotype altered the transdifferentiation of hMSCs, one of their hallmark properties. CD40 may play an important role in the immunomodulatory effects of hMSCs in ARDS and inflammation.

  View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0240319

  View details for PubMedID 33021986

• Venetoclax monotherapy for cutaneous blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm. Annals of hematology Schwede, M. n., Tan, I. T., Atibalentja, D. F., Dickman, M. M., Rieger, K. E., Mannis, G. N. 2020

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s00277-020-04276-z

  View details for PubMedID 32968828

• Effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells on gene expression in human alveolar type II cells exposed to TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ. Physiological reports Schwede, M., Wilfong, E. M., Zemans, R. L., Lee, P. J., Dos Santos, C., Fang, X., Matthay, M. A. 2018; 6 (16): e13831

  Abstract

  The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is common in critically ill patients and has a high mortality rate. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated therapeutic potential in animal models of ARDS, and their benefits occur in part through interactions with alveolar type II (ATII) cells. However, the effects that MSCs have on human ATII cells have not been well studied. Using previously published microarray data, we performed genome-wide differential gene expression analyses of human ATII cells that were (1) unstimulated, (2) exposed to proinflammatory cytokines (CytoMix), or (3) exposed to proinflammatory cytokines plus MSCs. Findings were validated by qPCR. Alveolar type II cells differentially expressed hundreds of genes when exposed either to proinflammatory cytokines or to proinflammatory cytokines plus MSCs. Stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines increased expression of inflammatory genes and downregulated genes related to surfactant function and alveolar fluid clearance. Some of these changes, including expression of some cytokines and genes related to surfactant, were reversed by exposure to MSCs. In addition, MSCs induced upregulation of other potentially beneficial genes, such as those related to extracellular matrix remodeling. We confirmed several of these gene expression changes by qPCR. Thus, ATII cells downregulate genes associated with surfactant and alveolar fluid clearance when exposed to inflammatory cytokines, and mesenchymal stromal cells partially reverse many of these gene expression changes.

  View details for DOI 10.14814/phy2.13831

  View details for PubMedID 30136410

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6105627

• Strong correlation of downregulated genes related to synaptic transmission and mitochondria in post-mortem autism cerebral cortex. Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders Schwede, M., Nagpal, S., Gandal, M. J., Parikshak, N. N., Mirnics, K., Geschwind, D. H., Morrow, E. M. 2018; 10 (1): 18

  Abstract

  Genetic studies in autism have pinpointed a heterogeneous group of loci and genes. Further, environment may be an additional factor conferring susceptibility to autism. Transcriptome studies investigate quantitative differences in gene expression between patient-derived tissues and control. These studies may pinpoint genes relevant to pathophysiology yet circumvent the need to understand genetic architecture or gene-by-environment interactions leading to disease.We conducted alternate gene set enrichment analyses using differentially expressed genes from a previously published RNA-seq study of post-mortem autism cerebral cortex. We used three previously published microarray datasets for validation and one of the microarray datasets for additional differential expression analysis. The RNA-seq study used 26 autism and 33 control brains in differential gene expression analysis, and the largest microarray dataset contained 15 autism and 16 control post-mortem brains.While performing a gene set enrichment analysis of genes differentially expressed in the RNA-seq study, we discovered that genes associated with mitochondrial function were downregulated in autism cerebral cortex, as compared to control. These genes were correlated with genes related to synaptic function. We validated these findings across the multiple microarray datasets. We also did separate differential expression and gene set enrichment analyses to confirm the importance of the mitochondrial pathway among downregulated genes in post-mortem autism cerebral cortex.We found that genes related to mitochondrial function were differentially expressed in autism cerebral cortex and correlated with genes related to synaptic transmission. Our principal findings replicate across all datasets investigated. Further, these findings may potentially replicate in other diseases, such as in schizophrenia.

  View details for DOI 10.1186/s11689-018-9237-x

  View details for PubMedID 29859039

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5984825

• Mutations in mitochondrial enzyme GPT2 cause metabolic dysfunction and neurological disease with developmental and progressive features. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Ouyang, Q., Nakayama, T., Baytas, O., Davidson, S. M., Yang, C., Schmidt, M., Lizarraga, S. B., Mishra, S., Ei-Quessny, M., Niaz, S., Gul Butt, M., Imran Murtaza, S., Javed, A., Chaudhry, H. R., Vaughan, D. J., Hill, R. S., Partlow, J. N., Yoo, S. Y., Lam, A. N., Nasir, R., Al-Saffar, M., Barkovich, A. J., Schwede, M., Nagpal, S., Rajab, A., DeBerardinis, R. J., Housman, D. E., Mochida, G. H., Morrow, E. M. 2016; 113 (38): E5598-607

  Abstract

  Mutations that cause neurological phenotypes are highly informative with regard to mechanisms governing human brain function and disease. We report autosomal recessive mutations in the enzyme glutamate pyruvate transaminase 2 (GPT2) in large kindreds initially ascertained for intellectual and developmental disability (IDD). GPT2 [also known as alanine transaminase 2 (ALT2)] is one of two related transaminases that catalyze the reversible addition of an amino group from glutamate to pyruvate, yielding alanine and α-ketoglutarate. In addition to IDD, all affected individuals show postnatal microcephaly and ∼80% of those followed over time show progressive motor symptoms, a spastic paraplegia. Homozygous nonsense p.Arg404* and missense p.Pro272Leu mutations are shown biochemically to be loss of function. The GPT2 gene demonstrates increasing expression in brain in the early postnatal period, and GPT2 protein localizes to mitochondria. Akin to the human phenotype, Gpt2-null mice exhibit reduced brain growth. Through metabolomics and direct isotope tracing experiments, we find a number of metabolic abnormalities associated with loss of Gpt2. These include defects in amino acid metabolism such as low alanine levels and elevated essential amino acids. Also, we find defects in anaplerosis, the metabolic process involved in replenishing TCA cycle intermediates. Finally, mutant brains demonstrate misregulated metabolites in pathways implicated in neuroprotective mechanisms previously associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Overall, our data reveal an important role for the GPT2 enzyme in mitochondrial metabolism with relevance to developmental as well as potentially to neurodegenerative mechanisms.

  View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1609221113

  View details for PubMedID 27601654

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5035873

• Preparing for Clerkships: Learning to Deliver Specialty-Specific Oral Presentations MedEdPortal Daniel, M., Heney, R., Kwan, B., Mannino, C., Williams, C., McDonald, K., Williams, J., Reardon, J., Resnick-Ault, D., Schaetzel-Hill, T., Cormier, J., Schwede, M., Sangal, R., Dalal, R., George, P., Sutton, E. 2015; 11

  View details for DOI 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10261

• Expansion of the clinical phenotype associated with mutations in activity-dependent neuroprotective protein. Journal of medical genetics Pescosolido, M. F., Schwede, M., Johnson Harrison, A., Schmidt, M., Gamsiz, E. D., Chen, W. S., Donahue, J. P., Shur, N., Jerskey, B. A., Phornphutkul, C., Morrow, E. M. 2014; 51 (9): 587-9

  View details for DOI 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102444

  View details for PubMedID 25057125

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4135390

• Taxonomy of breast cancer based on normal cell phenotype predicts outcome. The Journal of clinical investigation Santagata, S., Thakkar, A., Ergonul, A., Wang, B., Woo, T., Hu, R., Harrell, J. C., McNamara, G., Schwede, M., Culhane, A. C., Kindelberger, D., Rodig, S., Richardson, A., Schnitt, S. J., Tamimi, R. M., Ince, T. A. 2014; 124 (2): 859-70

  Abstract

  Accurate classification is essential for understanding the pathophysiology of a disease and can inform therapeutic choices. For hematopoietic malignancies, a classification scheme based on the phenotypic similarity between tumor cells and normal cells has been successfully used to define tumor subtypes; however, use of normal cell types as a reference by which to classify solid tumors has not been widely emulated, in part due to more limited understanding of epithelial cell differentiation compared with hematopoiesis. To provide a better definition of the subtypes of epithelial cells comprising the breast epithelium, we performed a systematic analysis of a large set of breast epithelial markers in more than 15,000 normal breast cells, which identified 11 differentiation states for normal luminal cells. We then applied information from this analysis to classify human breast tumors based on normal cell types into 4 major subtypes, HR0-HR3, which were differentiated by vitamin D, androgen, and estrogen hormone receptor (HR) expression. Examination of 3,157 human breast tumors revealed that these HR subtypes were distinct from the current classification scheme, which is based on estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Patient outcomes were best when tumors expressed all 3 hormone receptors (subtype HR3) and worst when they expressed none of the receptors (subtype HR0). Together, these data provide an ontological classification scheme associated with patient survival differences and provides actionable insights for treating breast tumors.

  View details for DOI 10.1172/JCI70941

  View details for PubMedID 24463450

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3904619

• Gene expression signature of normal cell-of-origin predicts ovarian tumor outcomes. PloS one Merritt, M. A., Bentink, S., Schwede, M., Iwanicki, M. P., Quackenbush, J., Woo, T., Agoston, E. S., Reinhardt, F., Crum, C. P., Berkowitz, R. S., Mok, S. C., Witt, A. E., Jones, M. A., Wang, B., Ince, T. A. 2013; 8 (11): e80314

  Abstract

  The potential role of the cell-of-origin in determining the tumor phenotype has been raised, but not adequately examined. We hypothesized that distinct cells-of-origin may play a role in determining ovarian tumor phenotype and outcome. Here we describe a new cell culture medium for in vitro culture of paired normal human ovarian (OV) and fallopian tube (FT) epithelial cells from donors without cancer. While these cells have been cultured individually for short periods of time, to our knowledge this is the first long-term culture of both cell types from the same donors. Through analysis of the gene expression profiles of the cultured OV/FT cells we identified a normal cell-of-origin gene signature that classified primary ovarian cancers into OV-like and FT-like subgroups; this classification correlated with significant differences in clinical outcomes. The identification of a prognostically significant gene expression signature derived solely from normal untransformed cells is consistent with the hypothesis that the normal cell-of-origin may be a source of ovarian tumor heterogeneity and the associated differences in tumor outcome.

  View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0080314

  View details for PubMedID 24303006

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3841174

• Compliance and falsification of duty hours: reports from residents and program directors. Journal of graduate medical education Drolet, B. C., Schwede, M., Bishop, K. D., Fischer, S. A. 2013; 5 (3): 368-73

  View details for DOI 10.4300/JGME-D-12-00375.1

  View details for PubMedID 24404298

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3771164

• An unbalanced translocation involving loss of 10q26.2 and gain of 11q25 in a pedigree with autism spectrum disorder and cerebellar juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma. American journal of medical genetics. Part A Minhas, H. M., Pescosolido, M. F., Schwede, M., Piasecka, J., Gaitanis, J., Tantravahi, U., Morrow, E. M. 2013; 161A (4): 787-91

  Abstract

  We report on a pedigree with a pair of brothers each with minor anomalies, developmental delay, and autistic-symptoms who share an unbalanced translocation (not detectable by karyotype). The unbalanced translocation involves a 7.1 Mb loss of the terminal portion of 10q, and a 4.2 Mb gain of 11q. One of the brothers also developed a cerebellar juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma. The father was found to be a balanced carrier and the couple had a previous miscarriage. We demonstrate that the breakpoint for the triplicated region from chromosome 11 is adjacent to two IgLON genes, namely Neurotrimin (NTM) and Opioid Binding Protein/Cell Adhesion Molecule-like (OPCML). These genes are highly similar neural cell adhesion molecules that have been implicated in synaptogenesis and oncogenesis, respectively. The children also have a 10q deletion and are compared to other children with the 10q deletion syndrome which generally does not involve autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) or cancer. Together these data support a role for NTM and OPCML in developmental delay and potentially in cancer susceptibility.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.35841

  View details for PubMedID 23495067

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3606653

• Stem cell-like gene expression in ovarian cancer predicts type II subtype and prognosis. PloS one Schwede, M., Spentzos, D., Bentink, S., Hofmann, O., Haibe-Kains, B., Harrington, D., Quackenbush, J., Culhane, A. C. 2013; 8 (3): e57799

  Abstract

  Although ovarian cancer is often initially chemotherapy-sensitive, the vast majority of tumors eventually relapse and patients die of increasingly aggressive disease. Cancer stem cells are believed to have properties that allow them to survive therapy and may drive recurrent tumor growth. Cancer stem cells or cancer-initiating cells are a rare cell population and difficult to isolate experimentally. Genes that are expressed by stem cells may characterize a subset of less differentiated tumors and aid in prognostic classification of ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study was the genomic identification and characterization of a subtype of ovarian cancer that has stem cell-like gene expression. Using human and mouse gene signatures of embryonic, adult, or cancer stem cells, we performed an unsupervised bipartition class discovery on expression profiles from 145 serous ovarian tumors to identify a stem-like and more differentiated subgroup. Subtypes were reproducible and were further characterized in four independent, heterogeneous ovarian cancer datasets. We identified a stem-like subtype characterized by a 51-gene signature, which is significantly enriched in tumors with properties of Type II ovarian cancer; high grade, serous tumors, and poor survival. Conversely, the differentiated tumors share properties with Type I, including lower grade and mixed histological subtypes. The stem cell-like signature was prognostic within high-stage serous ovarian cancer, classifying a small subset of high-stage tumors with better prognosis, in the differentiated subtype. In multivariate models that adjusted for common clinical factors (including grade, stage, age), the subtype classification was still a significant predictor of relapse. The prognostic stem-like gene signature yields new insights into prognostic differences in ovarian cancer, provides a genomic context for defining Type I/II subtypes, and potential gene targets which following further validation may be valuable in the clinical management or treatment of ovarian cancer.

  View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0057799

  View details for PubMedID 23536770

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3594231

• Profiles of genomic instability in high-grade serous ovarian cancer predict treatment outcome. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research Wang, Z. C., Birkbak, N. J., Culhane, A. C., Drapkin, R., Fatima, A., Tian, R., Schwede, M., Alsop, K., Daniels, K. E., Piao, H., Liu, J., Etemadmoghadam, D., Miron, A., Salvesen, H. B., Mitchell, G., DeFazio, A., Quackenbush, J., Berkowitz, R. S., Iglehart, J. D., Bowtell, D. D., Matulonis, U. A. 2012; 18 (20): 5806-15

  Abstract

  High-grade serous cancer (HGSC) is the most common cancer of the ovary and is characterized by chromosomal instability. Defects in homologous recombination repair (HRR) are associated with genomic instability in HGSC, and are exploited by therapy targeting DNA repair. Defective HRR causes uniparental deletions and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Our purpose is to profile LOH in HGSC and correlate our findings to clinical outcome, and compare HGSC and high-grade breast cancers.We examined LOH and copy number changes using single nucleotide polymorphism array data from three HGSC cohorts and compared results to a cohort of high-grade breast cancers. The LOH profiles in HGSC were matched to chemotherapy resistance and progression-free survival (PFS).LOH-based clustering divided HGSC into two clusters. The major group displayed extensive LOH and was further divided into two subgroups. The second group contained remarkably less LOH. BRCA1 promoter methylation was associated with the major group. LOH clusters were reproducible when validated in two independent HGSC datasets. LOH burden in the major cluster of HGSC was similar to triple-negative, and distinct from other high-grade breast cancers. Our analysis revealed an LOH cluster with lower treatment resistance and a significant correlation between LOH burden and PFS.Separating HGSC by LOH-based clustering produces remarkably stable subgroups in three different cohorts. Patients in the various LOH clusters differed with respect to chemotherapy resistance, and the extent of LOH correlated with PFS. LOH burden may indicate vulnerability to treatment targeting DNA repair, such as PARP1 inhibitors.

  View details for DOI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-0857

  View details for PubMedID 22912389

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4205235

• Therapeutic implications of GIPC1 silencing in cancer. PloS one Chittenden, T. W., Pak, J., Rubio, R., Cheng, H., Holton, K., Prendergast, N., Glinskii, V., Cai, Y., Culhane, A., Bentink, S., Schwede, M., Mar, J. C., Howe, E. A., Aryee, M., Sultana, R., Lanahan, A. A., Taylor, J. M., Holmes, C., Hahn, W. C., Zhao, J. J., Iglehart, J. D., Quackenbush, J. 2010; 5 (12): e15581

  Abstract

  GIPC1 is a cytoplasmic scaffold protein that interacts with numerous receptor signaling complexes, and emerging evidence suggests that it plays a role in tumorigenesis. GIPC1 is highly expressed in a number of human malignancies, including breast, ovarian, gastric, and pancreatic cancers. Suppression of GIPC1 in human pancreatic cancer cells inhibits in vivo tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. To better understand GIPC1 function, we suppressed its expression in human breast and colorectal cancer cell lines and human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) and assayed both gene expression and cellular phenotype. Suppression of GIPC1 promotes apoptosis in MCF-7, MDA-MD231, SKBR-3, SW480, and SW620 cells and impairs anchorage-independent colony formation of HMECs. These observations indicate GIPC1 plays an essential role in oncogenic transformation, and its expression is necessary for the survival of human breast and colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, a GIPC1 knock-down gene signature was used to interrogate publically available breast and ovarian cancer microarray datasets. This GIPC1 signature statistically correlates with a number of breast and ovarian cancer phenotypes and clinical outcomes, including patient survival. Taken together, these data indicate that GIPC1 inhibition may represent a new target for therapeutic development for the treatment of human cancers.

  View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015581

  View details for PubMedID 21209904

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3012716