Ran Chen

All Publications

• Landscape-wide cosmogram built by the early community of Aguada Fénix in southeastern Mesoamerica SCIENCE ADVANCES Inomata, T., Triadan, D., Vazquez Lopez, V. A., Garcia Hernandez, M., Fernandez-Diaz, J., Sharpe, A. E., Alvarado, C., Flores, A., Ceballos, X., Hanson, K. E., Chen, R., Beach, T., Omori, T., Nasu, H., Aoyama, K., Yamada, K., Kitaba, I., Nakagawa, T. 2025; 11 (45): eaea2037

  Abstract

  There is growing recognition that societies without prominent hierarchies could build large constructions. Scholars are debating what motivated many people to participate in these construction projects. We investigated the site of Aguada Fénix, Mexico, which features the oldest and largest monumental architecture in the Maya area. Using light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and excavations, we documented a site plan composed of nested cross forms built between 1050 and 700 BCE. Its center was marked by a large cruciform cache containing the earliest known directional color symbols in Mesoamerica. The overall pattern consisted of 9- and 7.5-kilometer-long axes delineated by canals and corridors. The builders constructed canals, measuring up to 35 meters wide and 5 meters deep, and a dam to supply them with lake water. Although the canals appear unfinished, this site plan exceeded or rivaled the extents of later Mesoamerican cities. Aguada Fénix was probably designed as a cosmogram, which likely attracted people from a broad area.

  View details for DOI 10.1126/sciadv.aea2037

  View details for Web of Science ID 001608099100002

  View details for PubMedID 41191744

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC12588264