Sherman Lo

All Publications

• A Framework for GNSS Spoofing Detection Through Combinations of Metrics IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS Rothmaier, F., Chen, Y., Lo, S., Walter, T. 2021; 57 (6): 3633-3647

  View details for DOI 10.1109/TAES.2021.3082673

  View details for Web of Science ID 000725819700010

• Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) transmissions for Alternative Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (APNT): Concept & practice NAVIGATION-JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION Lo, S., Chen, Y. 2021

  View details for DOI 10.1002/navi.424

  View details for Web of Science ID 000655114700001

• GNSS spoofing detection through spatial processing NAVIGATION-JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION Rothmaier, F., Chen, Y., Lo, S., Walter, T. 2021

  View details for DOI 10.1002/navi.420

  View details for Web of Science ID 000647529400001

• GNSS Spoofing Mitigation in the Position Domain Rothmaier, F., Chen, Y., Lo, S., Walter, T., Inst Navigat INST NAVIGATION. 2021: 42-55

  View details for DOI 10.33012/2021.17824

  View details for Web of Science ID 000671019900005

• Reevaluating the Message Loss Rate of the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) in Flight Hirschberger, M. J., Lo, S., Walter, T., Inst Navigat INST NAVIGATION. 2021: 218-228

  View details for DOI 10.33012/2021.17819

  View details for Web of Science ID 000671019900018

• ARAIM for Military Users: ISM Parameters, Constellation-Check Procedure and Performance Estimates Katz, A., Pullen, S., Lo, S., Blanch, J., Walter, T., Katronick, A., Crews, M., Jackson, R., Inst Navigat INST NAVIGATION. 2021: 173-188

  View details for DOI 10.33012/2021.17812

  View details for Web of Science ID 000671019900014

• GNSS interferometric reflectometry signature-based defense NAVIGATION-JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION Lewis, S. W., Chow, C., Geremia-Nievinski, F., Akos, D. M., Lo, S. 2020

  View details for DOI 10.1002/navi.393

  View details for Web of Science ID 000574207400001

• An Assessment of GPS Spoofing Detection Via Radio Power and Signal Quality Monitoring for Aviation Safety Operations IEEE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MAGAZINE Miralles, D., Levigne, N., Bornot, A., Rouquette, P., Akos, D. M., Chen, Y., La, S., Walter, T. 2020; 12 (3): 136–46

  View details for DOI 10.1109/MITS.2020.2994117

  View details for Web of Science ID 000552261600009

• 1090 MHz ADS-B-Based Wide Area Multilateration System for Alternative Positioning Navigation and Timing IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL Jheng, S., Jan, S., Chen, Y., Lo, S. 2020; 20 (16): 9490–9501

  View details for DOI 10.1109/JSEN.2020.2988514

  View details for Web of Science ID 000550685000065

• Flight test of a pseudo-ranging signal compatible with existing distance measuring equipment (DME) ground stations NAVIGATION-JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION Lo, S., Chen, Y., Enge, P., Pelgrum, W., Li, K., Weida, G., Soelter, A. 2020

  View details for DOI 10.1002/navi.376

  View details for Web of Science ID 000553177700001

• Characterization of ADS-B Performance under GNSS Interference Liu, Z., Lo, S., Walter, T., Inst Navigat INST NAVIGATION. 2020: 3581-3591

  View details for DOI 10.33012/2020.17675

  View details for Web of Science ID 000632603503044

• Detection of GNSS Spoofing using NMEA Messages Lee, D., Miralles, D., Akos, D., Konovaltsev, A., Kurz, L., Lo, S., Nedelkov, F., Lange, G. IEEE. 2020

  View details for DOI 10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317470

  View details for Web of Science ID 000680859500075

• Robust Satellite Navigation in the Android Operating System using the Android Raw GNSS Measurements Engine and Location Providers Miralles, D., Akos, D. M., Lee, D., Konovaltsev, A., Kurz, L., Lo, S., Lange, G. IEEE. 2020

  View details for Web of Science ID 000680859500054

• Message Design for a Robust Time Signal using Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) Pulse Pair Position Modulated (PPPM) Pseudo lite Lo, S., Chen, Y., Lange, G. IEEE. 2020

  View details for Web of Science ID 000680859500089

• Developing a Dual Polarization Antenna (DPA) for High Dynamic Applications Lo, S., Chen, Y., Rothmaier, F., Zhang, G., Lee, C., Inst Navigat INST NAVIGATION. 2020: 1001–20

  View details for DOI 10.33012/2020.17193

  View details for Web of Science ID 000544820300070

• Improvements to Steady State Spoof Detection with Experimental Validation using a Dual Polarization Antenna Rothmaier, F., Chen, Y., Lo, S., Inst Navigat INST NAVIGATION. 2019: 967–83

  View details for DOI 10.33012/2019.16989

  View details for Web of Science ID 000568618901001

• Single GNSS Antenna Heading Estimation Rothmaier, F., Chen, Y., Lo, S., Powell, J., Inst Navigat INST NAVIGATION. 2019: 2159–71

  View details for DOI 10.33012/2019.16915

  View details for Web of Science ID 000568618902015

• Real-Time Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Based Interference Localization in a GNSS Denied Environment Perkins, A., Chen, Y., Lo, S., Lee, C., Powell, J., Inst Navigat INST NAVIGATION. 2019: 1003–19

  View details for DOI 10.33012/2019.16992

  View details for Web of Science ID 000568618901004

• An Augmentation and Integrity Monitoring Network for Railway and Automotive Transportation Salvatori, P., Stallo, C., Coluccia, A., Pullen, S., Lo, S., Neri, A., Inst Navigat INST NAVIGATION. 2019: 790–801

  View details for DOI 10.33012/2019.16724

  View details for Web of Science ID 000542920400061

• Tests of Crowdsourced Smartphones Measurements to Detect GNSS Spoofing and Other Disruptions Lo, S., Chen, Y., Akos, D., Cotts, B., Miralles, D., Inst Navigat INST NAVIGATION. 2019: 373–88

  View details for DOI 10.33012/2019.16698

  View details for Web of Science ID 000542920400027

• Measurement Characterization for Localizing Multiple RFI Sources Simultaneously from a UAS Perkins, A., Lo, S., Powell, J., Inst Navigat INST NAVIGATION. 2019: 262–73

  View details for DOI 10.33012/2019.16806

  View details for Web of Science ID 000475697600019

• Accommodating Direction Ambiguities in Direction of Arrival based GNSS Spoof Detection Jain, H., Lo, S., Chen, Y., Rothmaier, F., Powell, J., Inst Navigat INST NAVIGATION. 2019: 274–89

  View details for DOI 10.33012/2019.16784

  View details for Web of Science ID 000475697600020

• Analysis of raw GNSS measurements derived navigation solutions from mobile devices with inertial sensors Lee, D., Petit, M., Miralles, D., Lo, S., Akos, D., Inst Navigat INST NAVIGATION. 2019: 3812–31

  View details for DOI 10.33012/2019.17070

  View details for Web of Science ID 000568618903070

• Going Back for the Future: Large/Mega LEO Constellations for Navigation Reid, T., Gunning, K., Perkins, A., Lo, S., Walter, T., Inst Navigat INST NAVIGATION. 2019: 2452–68

  View details for DOI 10.33012/2019.17123

  View details for Web of Science ID 000568618902065

• Characterization and Mitigation of Multipath for Terrestrial based Aviation Radionavigation NAVIGATION-JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION Schneckenburger, N., Fiebig, U., Lo, S., Enge, P., Lilley, R. 2018; 65 (2): 143–56

  View details for DOI 10.1002/navi.235

  View details for Web of Science ID 000439832100001

• Effective GPS Spoofing Detection Utilizing Metrics from Commercial Receivers Manfredini, E., Akos, D. M., Chen, Y., Lo, S., Walter, T., Enge, P., Inst Navigat INST NAVIGATION. 2018: 672–89

  View details for Web of Science ID 000436563900052

• Crowdsourcing GNSS jamming detection and localization Strizic, L., Akos, D. M., Lo, S., Inst Navigat INST NAVIGATION. 2018: 626–41

  View details for Web of Science ID 000436563900049

• Demonstrating Single Element Null Steering Antenna Direction Finding for Interference Detection Chen, Y., Lo, S., Perkins, A., Rothmaier, F., Akos, D., Enge, P., Inst Navigat INST NAVIGATION. 2018: 240–59

  View details for Web of Science ID 000436563900021

• GNSS Multipath Detection in Urban Environment Using 3D Building Model Zhang, S., Lo, S., Chen, Y., Walter, T., Enge, P., IEEE IEEE. 2018: 1053–58

  View details for Web of Science ID 000435257800131

• Geometric Rules for Terrestrial Radionavigation Multipath Mitigation by Averaging NAVIGATION-JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION Schneckenburger, N., Walter, M., Fiebig, U., Lo, S. 2017; 64 (2): 231–36

  View details for DOI 10.1002/navi.201

  View details for Web of Science ID 000405923400004

• Feasibility of fault exclusion related to advanced RAIM for GNSS spoofing detection Kuusniemi, H., Blanch, J., Chen, Y., Lo, S., Innac, A., Ferrara, G., Honkala, S., Bhuiyan, M. H., Thombre, S., Soderholm, S., Walter, T., Phelts, R., Enge, P., INST NAVIGAT INST NAVIGATION. 2017: 2359–70

  View details for Web of Science ID 000419292302029

• Development of a Three-Element Beam Steering Antenna for Bearing Determination Onboard a UAV Capable of GNSS RFI Localization Perkins, A., Chen, Y., Lee, W., Lo, S., Enge, P., INST NAVIGAT INST NAVIGATION. 2017: 2758–69

  View details for Web of Science ID 000419292302054

• Projected Performance of a Baseline High Integrity GNSS Railway Architecture under Nominal and Faulted Conditions Lo, S., Pullen, S., Blanch, J., Enge, P., Neri, A., Palma, V., Salvitti, M., Stallo, C., INST NAVIGAT INST NAVIGATION. 2017: 2148–71

  View details for Web of Science ID 000419292302015

• Design of a Passive Ranging System Using Existing Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) Signals & Transmitters NAVIGATION-JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION Lo, S. C., Enge, P. K., Narins, M. J. 2015; 62 (2): 131-149

  View details for DOI 10.1002/navi.83

  View details for Web of Science ID 000357031000004

• Containing a Difficult Target: Techniques for Mitigating DME Multipath to Alternative Position Navigation and Timing (APNT) International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation Lo, S., Chen, Y. H., Segal, B., Peterson, B., Enge, P., Erikson, R., Lilley, R. INST NAVIGATION. 2014: 413–423

  View details for Web of Science ID 000339630900042

• Potential radio frequency interference with the GPS L5 band for radio occultation measurements ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES Wolff, A. M., Akos, D. M., Lo, S. 2014; 7 (11): 3801-3811

  View details for DOI 10.5194/amt-7-3801-2014

  View details for Web of Science ID 000345781000013

• Development of a Real-time GNSS Software Receiver for Evaluating RAIM in Multi-constellation International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation Chen, Y., Lo, S., Akos, D. M., Choi, M., Blanch, J., Walter, T., Enge, P. INST NAVIGATION. 2014: 525–533

  View details for Web of Science ID 000339630900053

• Multipath Benefits of BOC vs. BPSK Modulated Signals Using On-Air Measurements International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation Lee, C., Chen, Y., Wong, G., Lo, S., Enge, P. INST NAVIGATION. 2013: 742–751

  View details for Web of Science ID 000327063800073

• Validation of a Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) Receiver Built from Inexpensive General-purpose Elements During Several Live Jamming Test Campaigns International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation Chen, Y., Lo, S., Akos, D. M., De Lorenzo, D. S., Enge, P. INST NAVIGATION. 2013: 154–163

  View details for Web of Science ID 000327063800012

• Design and Implementation of Real-Time Software Radio for Anti-Interference GPS/WAAS Sensors SENSORS Chen, Y., Juang, J., Seo, J., Lo, S., Akos, D. M., De Lorenzo, D. S., Enge, P. 2012; 12 (10): 13417-13440

  Abstract

  Adaptive antenna array processing is widely known to provide significant anti-interference capabilities within a Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receiver. A main challenge in the quest for such receiver architecture has always been the computational/processing requirements. Even more demanding would be to try and incorporate the flexibility of the Software-Defined Radio (SDR) design philosophy in such an implementation. This paper documents a feasible approach to a real-time SDR implementation of a beam-steered GNSS receiver and validates its performance. This research implements a real-time software receiver on a widely-available x86-based multi-core microprocessor to process four-element antenna array data streams sampled with 16-bit resolution. The software receiver is capable of 12 channels all-in-view Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) array processing capable of rejecting multiple interferers. Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) instructions assembly coding and multithreaded programming, the key to such an implementation to reduce computational complexity, are fully documented within the paper. In conventional antenna array systems, receivers use the geometry of antennas and cable lengths known in advance. The documented CRPA implementation is architected to operate without extensive set-up and pre-calibration and leverages Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) to provide adaptation in both the frequency and space domains. The validation component of the paper demonstrates that the developed software receiver operates in real time with live Global Positioning System (GPS) and Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) L1 C/A code signal. Further, interference rejection capabilities of the implementation are also demonstrated using multiple synthetic interferers which are added to the live data stream.

  View details for DOI 10.3390/s121013417

  View details for Web of Science ID 000310507800027

  View details for PubMedID 23202002

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3545573

• Calibrating adaptive antenna arrays for high-integrity GPS GPS SOLUTIONS De Lorenzo, D. S., Lo, S. C., Enge, P. K., Rife, J. 2012; 16 (2): 221-230

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10291-011-0224-x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000302378600009

• Signal Structure Study for a Passive Ranging System using Existing Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) International Technical Meeting (ITM) of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION) Lo, S. C., Enge, P. K. INST NAVIGATION. 2012: 97–107

  View details for Web of Science ID 000317865600009

• The Need for a Robust Precise Time and Frequency Alternative to Global Navigation Satellite Systems Narins, M., Enge, P., Peterson, B., Lo, S., Chen, Y., Akos, D., Lombardi, M., ION INST NAVIGATION. 2012: 2057–62

  View details for Web of Science ID 000327163302009

• Capacity Study of Multilateration (MLAT) based Navigation for Alternative Position Navigation and Timing (APNT) Services for Aviation NAVIGATION-JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION Lo, S. C., Enge, P. 2012; 59 (4): 263-279

  View details for DOI 10.1002/navi.25

  View details for Web of Science ID 000209006500002

• Assessing the Capability of Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) to Support Future Air Traffic Capacity NAVIGATION-JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION Lo, S. C., Enge, P. 2012; 59 (4): 249-261

  View details for DOI 10.1002/navi.24

  View details for Web of Science ID 000209006500001

• A Real-Time Capable Software-Defined Receiver Using GPU for Adaptive Anti-Jam GPS Sensors SENSORS Seo, J., Chen, Y., De Lorenzo, D. S., Lo, S., Enge, P., Akos, D., Lee, J. 2011; 11 (9): 8966-8991

  Abstract

  Due to their weak received signal power, Global Positioning System (GPS) signals are vulnerable to radio frequency interference. Adaptive beam and null steering of the gain pattern of a GPS antenna array can significantly increase the resistance of GPS sensors to signal interference and jamming. Since adaptive array processing requires intensive computational power, beamsteering GPS receivers were usually implemented using hardware such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). However, a software implementation using general-purpose processors is much more desirable because of its flexibility and cost effectiveness. This paper presents a GPS software-defined radio (SDR) with adaptive beamsteering capability for anti-jam applications. The GPS SDR design is based on an optimized desktop parallel processing architecture using a quad-core Central Processing Unit (CPU) coupled with a new generation Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) having massively parallel processors. This GPS SDR demonstrates sufficient computational capability to support a four-element antenna array and future GPS L5 signal processing in real time. After providing the details of our design and optimization schemes for future GPU-based GPS SDR developments, the jamming resistance of our GPS SDR under synthetic wideband jamming is presented. Since the GPS SDR uses commercial-off-the-shelf hardware and processors, it can be easily adopted in civil GPS applications requiring anti-jam capabilities.

  View details for DOI 10.3390/s110908966

  View details for PubMedID 22164116

• Capacity Study of Two Potential Alternative Position Navigation and Timing (APNT) Services for Aviation International Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation Lo, S. C., Enge, P. INST NAVIGATION. 2011: 192–205

  View details for Web of Science ID 000290749900005

• Alternative Position Navigation & Timing (APNT) Based on Existing DME and UAT Ground Signals 24th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS) Lo, S. C., Peterson, B., Akos, D., Narins, M., Loh, R., Enge, P. INST NAVIGATION. 2011: 3309–3317

  View details for Web of Science ID 000304032003038

• Reliable Location-Based Services from Radio Navigation Systems SENSORS Qiu, D., Boneh, D., Lo, S., Enge, P. 2010; 10 (12): 11369-11389

  Abstract

  Loran is a radio-based navigation system originally designed for naval applications. We show that Loran-C's high-power and high repeatable accuracy are fantastic for security applications. First, we show how to derive a precise location tag--with a sensitivity of about 20 meters--that is difficult to project to an exact location. A device can use our location tag to block or allow certain actions, without knowing its precise location. To ensure that our tag is reproducible we make use of fuzzy extractors, a mechanism originally designed for biometric authentication. We build a fuzzy extractor specifically designed for radio-type errors and give experimental evidence to show its effectiveness. Second, we show that our location tag is difficult to predict from a distance. For example, an observer cannot predict the location tag inside a guarded data center from a few hundreds of meters away. As an application, consider a location-aware disk drive that will only work inside the data center. An attacker who steals the device and is capable of spoofing Loran-C signals, still cannot make the device work since he does not know what location tag to spoof. We provide experimental data supporting our unpredictability claim.

  View details for DOI 10.3390/s101211369

  View details for Web of Science ID 000285708700050

  View details for PubMedID 22163532

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3231104

• Improving Loran Coverage with Low Power Transmitters JOURNAL OF NAVIGATION Lo, S. C., Peterson, B. B., Hardy, T., Enge, P. K. 2010; 63 (1): 23-38

  View details for DOI 10.1017/S0373463309990245

  View details for Web of Science ID 000273711000002

• Methodology and Design for the Broadcast of GNSS Integrity Information derived from SBAS on Low Bandwidth Data Channels NAVIGATION-THE JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION Lo, S. C., Enge, P. K. 2010; 57 (1)

  View details for DOI 10.1002/j.2161-4296.2009.tb01762.x

• Preliminary Assessment of Alternative Navigation Means for Civil Aviation 2010 International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation Lo, S., Niles, F., Loh, R., Eldredge, L., Narins, M. INST NAVIGATION. 2010: 314–322

  View details for Web of Science ID 000280139100036

• Simple Loran Cycle Error Detection Algorithms for Maritime Harbor Entrance Approach Operations 2010 International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation Peterson, B. B., Lo, S. C., Enge, P. K. INST NAVIGATION. 2010: 472–479

  View details for Web of Science ID 000280139100052

• The WAAS/L5 Signal for Robust Time Transfer: Adaptive Beamsteering Antennas for Satellite Time Synchronization 23rd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS-2010) De Lorenzo, D. S., Lo, S. C., Seo, J., Chen, Y., Enge, P. K. INST NAVIGATION. 2010: 2106–2116

  View details for Web of Science ID 000290734902018

• Authenticating Aviation Augmentation System Broadcasts Position Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) Lo, S. C., Enge, P. K. IEEE. 2010: 502–511

  View details for Web of Science ID 000287515800061

• Compass-M1 Broadcast Codes in E2, E5b, and E6 Frequency Bands IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING Gao, G. X., Chen, A., Lo, S., De Lorenzo, D., Walter, T., Enge, P. 2009; 3 (4): 599-612

  View details for DOI 10.1109/JSTSP.2009.2025635

  View details for Web of Science ID 000268377200006

• Physical Pseudo Random Function in Radio Frequency Sources for Security 2009 International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation Qiu, D., De Lorenzo, D., Lo, S., Boneh, D., Enge, P. INST NAVIGATION. 2009: 84–92

  View details for Web of Science ID 000279863400009

• Developing and Validating the Loran Temporal ASF Bound Model for Aviation NAVIGATION-THE JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION Lo, S., Wenzel, R., Morris, P., Enge, P. 2009; 56 (1): 9-21

  View details for DOI 10.1002/j.2161-4296.2009.tb00440.x

• Robust Location Tag Generation from Noisy Location Data for Security Applications 2009 International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation Qiu, D., Boneh, D., Lo, S., Enge, P. INST NAVIGATION. 2009: 586–597

  View details for Web of Science ID 000279863400052

• Design and Performance of a Minimum-Variance Hybrid Location Algorithm Utilizing GPS and Cellular Received Signal Strength for Positioning in Dense Urban Environments 2009 International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation De Lorenzo, D. S., Lo, S. C., Enge, P. K., Feuerstein, M., Bhattacharya, T. K., Spain, S., Kang, Z. INST NAVIGATION. 2009: 784–792

  View details for Web of Science ID 000279863400076

• Pattern Classification for Geotag Generation 22nd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS-09) Qiu, D., Lo, S., Enge, P., Boneh, D. INST NAVIGATION. 2009: 1819–1827

  View details for Web of Science ID 000284356201084

• Hysteresis in RAIM 22nd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS-09) Blanch, J., Mayer, C., Lo, S., Walter, T., Enge, P. INST NAVIGATION. 2009: 2818–2823

  View details for Web of Science ID 000284356202085

• Compass-M1 Broadcast Codes and Their Application to Acquisition and Tracking 2008 National Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation Gao, G. X., Chen, A., Lo, S., De Lorenzo, D., Walter, T., Enge, P. INST NAVIGATION. 2008: 133–141

  View details for Web of Science ID 000279793700007

• A measure of Loran location-based information IEEE/ON Position, Location and Navigation Symposium Qiu, D., Lo, S., Enge, P. IEEE. 2008: 1227–1234

  View details for Web of Science ID 000258922700147

• Assessment of the Methodology for Bounding Loran Temporal ASF for Aviation 2008 National Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation Lo, S. C., Wenzel, R., Johnson, G., Enge, P. K. INST NAVIGATION. 2008: 432–442

  View details for Web of Science ID 000279793700039

• Loran data modulation: A primer IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE Lo, S. C., Peterson, B. B., Enge, P. K. 2007; 22 (9): 31-51

  View details for Web of Science ID 000250371100003

• Loran data modulation: Extensions and examples IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS Lo, S. C., Peterson, B. B., Enge, P. K., Swaszek, P. 2007; 43 (2): 628-644

  View details for Web of Science ID 000249386200016

• Geoencryption Using Loran 2007 National Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation Qiu, D., Lo, S., Enge, P., Boneh, D., Peterson, B. INST NAVIGATION. 2007: 104–115

  View details for Web of Science ID 000279780100003

• Proving the Integrity of the Weighted Sum Squared Error (WSSE) Loran Cycle Confidence Algorithm NAVIGATION-THE JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION Lo, S. C., Peterson, B. B., Enge, P. K. 2007; 54 (4): 277-291

  View details for DOI 10.1002/j.2161-4296.2007.tb00409.x

• Proving the Integrity of the Weighted Sum Squared Error (WSSE) Loran Cycle Confidence Algorithm 2007 National Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation Lo, S. C., Peterson, B. B., Enge, P. K. INST NAVIGATION. 2007: 187–200

  View details for Web of Science ID 000279780100012

• Galileo GIOVE-A Broadcast E5 Codes and their Application to Acquisition and Tracking 2007 National Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation Gao, G. X., De Lorenzo, D. S., Chen, A., Lo, S. C., Akos, D. M., Walter, T., Enge, P. INST NAVIGATION. 2007: 936–946

  View details for Web of Science ID 000279780100097

• Mitigating Atmospheric Noise for Loran 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation Boyce, C. O., Lo, S. C., Powell, J. D., Enge, P. K. INST NAVIGATION. 2006: 77–82

  View details for Web of Science ID 000279025900009

• WAAS performance in the 2001 Alaska flight trials of the high speed Loran data channel IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium Lo, S. C., Akos, D., Houck, S., Normark, P. L., Enge, P. IEEE. 2002: 328–335

  View details for Web of Science ID 000176200300046

• The Loran Integrity Performance Panel Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GPS 2002) Lo, S., Enge, P., Boyce, L., Peterson, B., Gunther, T., Wenzel, B., Carroll, K., Bridges, K., Narins, M. Institute of Navigation. 2002: 1002–1012
• Broadcasting Data from an SBAS Reference Network over Low Rate Broadcast Channels Proceedings of the International Symposium on Integration of LORAN-C/Eurofix and EGNOS/Galileo Lo, S., Enge, P. DGON. 2000: 199–209
• Data Transmission Using LORAN Proceedings of the International Loran Association 29th Annual Meeting Lo, S., Enge, P. International Loran Association. 2000
• GPS Supplemental Navigation Systems for Use During the Transition to a Sole-Means-GPS National Airspace System National Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation Gebre-Egziabher, D., Lo, S., Powell, J. D., Enge, P. 1999: 91–100
• Algorithms for crossover point determination COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS Lo, S., Kee, C., Enge, P. 1997; 33 (11): 117-131

  View details for Web of Science ID A1997XL86500008

• System identification of an autonomous aircraft using GPS 10th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation Evans, J., Elkaim, G., Lo, S., Parkinson, B. INST NAVIGATION. 1997: 1065–1071

  View details for Web of Science ID 000073331000110