Londa Schiebinger

All Publications

• Sex and Gender Considerations in Orthopaedic Research JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME Bechtold, J. E., Bauer, T. W., Clayton, J., Foucher, K. C., Graves, L., Heidari, S., Ireland, M., Losina, E., Paul, C. R., Ramos, P. S., Regensteiner, J. G., Schiebinger, L., Templeton, K., Temkin, S. 2024; 106 (22): 2160-2166

  View details for DOI 10.2106/JBJS.24.00240

  View details for Web of Science ID 001360396500004

• Role of Gender in Health and Disease: Methods of Reporting and Interactions with Sex and Other Factors. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume Schiebinger, L. 2024

  Abstract

  Sex and gender are distinct terms that must be used correctly. Data regarding sex and gender may be collected using a 2-step method that separates biological sex and self-reported gender identity. The PhenX Toolkit, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), is one tool that provides investigators with recommended standard data-collection protocols. Another tool is the Diversity Minimal Item Set questionnaire. Importantly, sex and gender interact: for example, pain has both biological aspects (sex differences in electrical, ischemic, thermal, pressure, and muscle pain sensitivity) and cultural aspects (gender factors in how people report pain and how physicians understand and treat pain in patients). Gender norms, identity, and relations all impact patient care. Gender norms, for instance, may influence how a person experiences pain, gender identity may influence a person's willingness to report pain, and gender relations may influence a physician's gendered expectations in relation to a patient's gendered behaviors. Clinicians may perceive women's pain to be psychological; as a result, women may receive more nonspecific diagnoses, wait longer for treatment, and receive more antidepressants and fewer analgesics than men. Research on gender-diverse people and pain is just now emerging. Resources for methods of reporting include The Lancet, Nature, and the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) Guidelines. We must consider all relevant factors intersecting with sex and gender, including age, disabilities, educational background, ethnicity, family configuration, geographic location, race, sexuality, social and economic status, sustainability, and more.

  View details for DOI 10.2106/JBJS.24.00081

  View details for PubMedID 39102468

• A multifaceted approach to global health MED Schiebinger, L., Turner, B. E., Laxminarayan, R., Fanzo, J., Cluver, L., Ibrahim, M. 2024; 5 (4): 271-274

  Abstract

  World Health Day underscores the scientific community's commitment to achieving health equity for all. It is paramount to eliminate bias in research that has traditionally focused on men, neglecting the specific needs of diverse populations. Innovative clinical trial designs are being developed with more inclusive enrollment. Ensuring equitable access to essential antibiotics, coupled with robust infection prevention and control measures, is vital to safeguarding public health. The pursuit of health equity extends beyond the realm of medicine. Investments in local food production and robust social safety nets are critical for mitigating the effects of climate change on access to healthy diets. Additionally, in times of polycrisis, prioritizing the unique needs of children and empowering community-led healthcare initiatives in conflict zones are essential steps. By taking these actions, we can move closer to realizing everyone's fundamental right to health.

  View details for Web of Science ID 001242402300001

  View details for PubMedID 38552630

• Reflecting on Progress in and Establishing Benchmarks for Sex and Gender Health Education ACADEMIC MEDICINE Barr, E., Lo Chin, E., Newman, C. B., Rojek, M. K., Sleeper, R., Temkin, S. M., Clayton, J. A., Kantarci, K., Kling, J. M., McGregor, A. J., Schiebinger, L., Templeton, K., Viggiano, T. R., Wood, S. F., Werbinski, J. 2024; 99 (1): 16-21

  Abstract

  Sex and gender influence every aspect of human health; thus, sex- and gender-related topics should be incorporated in all aspects of health education curricula. Sex and gender health education (SGHE) is the rigorous, intersectional, data-driven integration of sex and gender into all elements of health education. A multisectoral group of thought leaders has collaborated to advance SGHE since 2012. This cross-sector collaboration to advance SGHE has been successful on several fronts, primarily developing robust interprofessional SGHE programs, hosting a series of international SGHE summits, developing sex- and gender-specific resources, and broadening the collaboration beyond medical education. However, other deeply entrenched challenges have proven more difficult to address, including accurate and consistent sex and gender reporting in research publications, broadening institutional support for SGHE, and the development and implementation of evaluation plans for assessing learner outcomes and the downstream effects of SGHE on patient care. This commentary reflects on progress made in SGHE over the first decade of the current collaboration (2012-2022), articulates a vision for next steps to advance SGHE, and proposes 4 benchmarks to guide the next decade of SGHE: (1) integrate sex, gender, and intersectionality across health curricula; (2) develop sex- and gender-specific resources for health professionals; (3) improve sex and gender reporting in research publications; and (4) develop evaluation plans to assess learner and patient outcomes.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/ACM.0000000000005444

  View details for Web of Science ID 001134819400019

  View details for PubMedID 37734039

• Exploring climate-induced sex-based differences in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems to mitigate biodiversity loss. Nature communications Gissi, E., Schiebinger, L., Hadly, E. A., Crowder, L. B., Santoleri, R., Micheli, F. 2023; 14 (1): 4787

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-40316-8

  View details for PubMedID 37587108

  View details for PubMedCentralID 5326506

• Sex analysis in marine biological systems: insights and opportunities FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT Gissi, E., Schiebinger, L., Santoleri, R., Micheli, F. 2023

  View details for DOI 10.1002/fee.2652

  View details for Web of Science ID 001005320800001

• Menstrual products: A comparable Life Cycle Assessment CLEANER ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS Fourcassier, S., Douziech, M., Perez-Lopez, P., Schiebinger, L. 2022; 7

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cesys.2022.100096

  View details for Web of Science ID 000906613200002

• A framework for sex, gender, and diversity analysis in research. Science (New York, N.Y.) Hunt, L., Nielsen, M. W., Schiebinger, L. 2022; 377 (6614): 1492-1495

  Abstract

  Funding agencies have ample room to improve their policies.

  View details for DOI 10.1126/science.abp9775

  View details for PubMedID 36173857

• Integrating Sex, Gender, and Intersectional Analysis into Bioengineering CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING Schiebinger, L. 2022; 22

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cobme.2022.100388

  View details for Web of Science ID 000804433300009

• Sex, gender, and intersectional puzzles in health and biomedicine research. Med (New York, N.Y.) Schiebinger, L. 2022; 3 (5): 284-287

  Abstract

  Excellent research integrates sex, gender, and/or intersectional analysis-from the very beginning and throughout the research process. This article highlights techniques for analyzing sex, how sex and sex interact, how sex and gender interact, and the need for intersectional analysis. Designing sex, gender, and intersectional analysis into research is one crucial component contributing to world-class health and biomedicine.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.medj.2022.04.003

  View details for PubMedID 35584647

• Diversifying history: A large-scale analysis of changes in researcher demographics and scholarly agendas. PloS one Risi, S., Nielsen, M. W., Kerr, E., Brady, E., Kim, L., McFarland, D. A., Jurafsky, D., Zou, J., Schiebinger, L. 1800; 17 (1): e0262027

  Abstract

  BACKGROUND: In recent years, interest has grown in whether and to what extent demographic diversity sparks discovery and innovation in research. At the same time, topic modeling has been employed to discover differences in what women and men write about. This study engages these two strands of scholarship to explore associations between changing researcher demographics and research questions asked in the discipline of history. Specifically, we analyze developments in history as women entered the field.METHODS: We focus on author gender in diachronic analysis of history dissertations from 1980 (when online data is first available) to 2015 and a select set of general history journals from 1950 to 2015. We use correlated topic modeling and network visualizations to map developments in research agendas over time and to examine how women and men have contributed to these developments.RESULTS: Our summary snapshot of aggregate interests of women and men for the period 1950 to 2015 identifies new topics associated with women authors: gender and women's history, body history, family and households, consumption and consumerism, and sexuality. Diachronic analysis demonstrates that while women pioneered topics such as gender and women's history or the history of sexuality, these topics broaden over time to become methodological frameworks that historians widely embraced and that changed in interesting ways as men engaged with them. Our analysis of history dissertations surface correlations between advisor/advisee gender pairings and choice of dissertation topic.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this quantitative longitudinal study suggests that the growth in women historians has coincided with the broadening of research agendas and an increased sensitivity to new topics and methodologies in the field.

  View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0262027

  View details for PubMedID 35045091

• The Integration of Sex and Gender Considerations into Biomedical Research: Lessons from International Funding Agencies. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism White, J., Tannenbaum, C., Klinge, I., Schiebinger, L., Clayton, J. 2021

  Abstract

  To improve the outcomes of research and medicine, government-based international research funding agencies have implemented various types of policies and mechanisms with respect to sex as a biological variable and gender as a sociocultural factor. After the 1990s, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR), and the European Commission (EC) began 1) requesting that applicants address sex and gender considerations in grant proposals and 2) offering resources to help the scientific community integrate sex and gender into biomedical research. Although, it is too early to analyze data on the success of all of the policies and mechanisms implemented, here we review the use of both carrots (incentives) and sticks (requirements) developed to motivate researchers and the entire scientific research enterprise to consider sex and gender influences on health and in science. The NIH focused on sex as a biological variable (SABV) aligned with an initiative to enhance reproducibility through rigor and transparency; CIHR instituted a sex- and gender-based analysis (SGBA) policy; and the EC required the integration of the "gender dimension", which incorporates sex, gender, and intersectional analysis into research and innovation. Other global efforts are briefly summarized. Although we are still learning what works, we share lessons learned to improve the integration of sex and gender considerations into research. In conjunction with refining and expanding the policies of funding agencies and mechanisms, private funders/philanthropic groups, editors of peer-reviewed journals, academic institutions, professional organizations, ethics boards, healthcare systems, and industry also need to make concerted efforts to integrate sex and gender into research, and we all must bridge across silos to promote system-wide solutions throughout the biomedical enterprise. For example, policies that encourage researchers to disaggregate data by sex and gender, the development of tools to better measure gender effects, or policies similar to SABV and/or SGBA adopted by private funders would accelerate progress. Uptake, accountability for, and a critical appraisal of sex and gender throughout the biomedical enterprise will be crucial to achieving the goal of relevant, reproducible, replicable, and responsible science that will lead to better evidence-based personalized care for all, but especially for women.

  View details for DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgab434

  View details for PubMedID 34137862

• Ensuring that biomedical AI benefits diverse populations. EBioMedicine Zou, J., Schiebinger, L. 2021: 103358

  Abstract

  Artificial Intelligence (AI) can potentially impact many aspects of human health, from basic research discovery to individual health assessment. It is critical that these advances in technology broadly benefit diverse populations from around the world. This can be challenging because AI algorithms are often developed on non-representative samples and evaluated based on narrow metrics. Here we outline key challenges to biomedical AI in outcome design, data collection and technology evaluation, and use examples from precision health to illustrate how bias and health disparity may arise in each stage. We then suggest both short term approaches-more diverse data collection and AI monitoring-and longer term structural changes in funding, publications, and education to address these challenges.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103358

  View details for PubMedID 33962897

• Gender-related variables for health research. Biology of sex differences Nielsen, M. W., Stefanick, M. L., Peragine, D., Neilands, T. B., Ioannidis, J. P., Pilote, L., Prochaska, J. J., Cullen, M. R., Einstein, G., Klinge, I., LeBlanc, H., Paik, H. Y., Schiebinger, L. 2021; 12 (1): 23

  Abstract

  BACKGROUND: In this paper, we argue for Gender as a Sociocultural Variable (GASV) as a complement to Sex as a Biological Variable (SABV). Sex (biology) and gender (sociocultural behaviors and attitudes) interact to influence health and disease processes across the lifespan-which is currently playing out in the COVID-19 pandemic. This study develops a gender assessment tool-the Stanford Gender-Related Variables for Health Research-for use in clinical and population research, including large-scale health surveys involving diverse Western populations. While analyzing sex as a biological variable is widely mandated, gender as a sociocultural variable is not, largely because the field lacks quantitative tools for analyzing the influence of gender on health outcomes.METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive review of English-language measures of gender from 1975 to 2015 to identify variables across three domains: gender norms, gender-related traits, and gender relations. This yielded 11 variables tested with 44 items in three US cross-sectional survey populations: two internet-based (N = 2051; N = 2135) and a patient-research registry (N = 489), conducted between May 2017 and January 2018.RESULTS: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses reduced 11 constructs to 7 gender-related variables: caregiver strain, work strain, independence, risk-taking, emotional intelligence, social support, and discrimination. Regression analyses, adjusted for age, ethnicity, income, education, sex assigned at birth, and self-reported gender identity, identified associations between these gender-related variables and self-rated general health, physical and mental health, and health-risk behaviors.CONCLUSION: Our new instrument represents an important step toward developing more comprehensive and precise survey-based measures of gender in relation to health. Our questionnaire is designed to shed light on how specific gender-related behaviors and attitudes contribute to health and disease processes, irrespective of-or in addition to-biological sex and self-reported gender identity. Use of these gender-related variables in experimental studies, such as clinical trials, may also help us understand if gender factors play an important role as treatment-effect modifiers and would thus need to be further considered in treatment decision-making.

  View details for DOI 10.1186/s13293-021-00366-3

  View details for PubMedID 33618769

• Analysing how sex and gender interact LANCET Stefanick, M. L., Schiebinger, L. 2020; 396 (10262): 1553–54

  View details for DOI 10.1101/2020.09.17.20196824

  View details for Web of Science ID 000588778800016

• Analysing how sex and gender interact. Lancet (London, England) Stefanick, M. L., Schiebinger, L. 2020; 396 (10262): 1553–54

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32346-1

  View details for PubMedID 33189167

• Expanding the Agnotological Toolbox: Methods of Sex and Gender Analysis SCIENCE AND THE PRODUCTION OF IGNORANCE: WHEN THE QUEST FOR KNOWLEDGE IS THWARTED Schiebinger, L., Kourany, J., Carrier, M. 2020: 273–305

  View details for Web of Science ID 000548563600011

• Sex and gender in health research: updating policy to reflect evidence MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA Wainer, Z., Carcel, C., Hickey, M., Schiebinger, L., Schmiede, A., McKenzie, B., Jenkins, C., Webster, J., Woodward, M., Hehir, A., Solomon, B., de Costa, C., Lukaszyk, C., Colville, D. J., Dempsey, E., Wright, G. M., Mishra, G. D., Fisher, J. W., Kulkarni, J., Mitchell, J., Hutchison, K., Thompson, K., Jorm, L., Chappell, L., van der Meulen, M., Henry, A., DiGiacomo, M., Huxley, R., Ivers, R., Peters, S., Rogers, W. A., Wang, X., Norton, R., Sex Gender Sensitive Res Call 2019

  View details for DOI 10.5694/mja2.50426

  View details for Web of Science ID 000498677500001

  View details for PubMedID 31760662

• Sex and gender analysis improves science and engineering. Nature Tannenbaum, C., Ellis, R. P., Eyssel, F., Zou, J., Schiebinger, L. 2019; 575 (7781): 137–46

  Abstract

  The goal of sex and gender analysis is to promote rigorous, reproducible and responsible science. Incorporating sex and gender analysis into experimental design has enabled advancements across many disciplines, such as improved treatment of heart disease and insights into the societal impact of algorithmic bias. Here we discuss the potential for sex and gender analysis to foster scientific discovery, improve experimental efficiency and enable social equality. We provide a roadmap for sex and gender analysis across scientific disciplines and call on researchers, funding agencies, peer-reviewed journals and universities to coordinate efforts to implement robust methods of sex and gender analysis.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41586-019-1657-6

  View details for PubMedID 31695204

• Making gender diversity work for scientific discovery and innovation NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR Nielsen, M., Bloch, C., Schiebinger, L. 2018; 2 (10): 726–34

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41562-018-0433-1

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446616800013

• Making gender diversity work for scientific discovery and innovation. Nature human behaviour Nielsen, M. W., Bloch, C. W., Schiebinger, L. 2018; 2 (10): 726-734

  Abstract

  Gender diversity has the potential to drive scientific discovery and innovation. Here, we distinguish three approaches to gender diversity: diversity in research teams, diversity in research methods and diversity in research questions. While gender diversity is commonly understood to refer only to the gender composition of research teams, fully realizing the potential of diversity for science and innovation also requires attention to the methods employed and questions raised in scientific knowledge-making. We provide a framework for understanding the best ways to support the three approaches to gender diversity across four interdependent domains - from research teams to the broader disciplines in which they are embedded to research organizations and ultimately to the different societies that shape them through specific gender norms and policies. Our analysis demonstrates that realizing the benefits of diversity for science requires careful management of these four interdependent domains.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41562-018-0433-1

  View details for PubMedID 31406295

• Design AI so that it's fair NATURE Zou, J., Schiebinger, L. 2018; 559 (7714): 324–26

  View details for DOI 10.1038/d41586-018-05707-8

  View details for Web of Science ID 000439059800025

  View details for PubMedID 30018439

• Word embeddings quantify 100 years of gender and ethnic stereotypes PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Garg, N., Schiebinger, L., Jurafsky, D., Zou, J. 2018; 115 (16): E3635–E3644

  Abstract

  Word embeddings are a powerful machine-learning framework that represents each English word by a vector. The geometric relationship between these vectors captures meaningful semantic relationships between the corresponding words. In this paper, we develop a framework to demonstrate how the temporal dynamics of the embedding helps to quantify changes in stereotypes and attitudes toward women and ethnic minorities in the 20th and 21st centuries in the United States. We integrate word embeddings trained on 100 y of text data with the US Census to show that changes in the embedding track closely with demographic and occupation shifts over time. The embedding captures societal shifts-e.g., the women's movement in the 1960s and Asian immigration into the United States-and also illuminates how specific adjectives and occupations became more closely associated with certain populations over time. Our framework for temporal analysis of word embedding opens up a fruitful intersection between machine learning and quantitative social science.

  View details for PubMedID 29615513

• Gendered Innovation in Health and Medicine. Advances in experimental medicine and biology Schiebinger, L., Klinge, I. 2018; 1065: 643–54

  Abstract

  Excellence in research requires careful attention to sex and gender analysis. The Gendered Innovations project, initiated in 2009, develops state-of-the-art methods of sex and gender analysis for basic and applied research. This chapter reviews recent developments in cardiovascular disease for (1) analyzing sex, (2) analyzing gender, and (3) policy initiatives.

  View details for PubMedID 30051412

• Gendered Innovation in Health and Medicine SEX-SPECIFIC ANALYSIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION Schiebinger, L., Klinge, I., Kerkhof, P. L., Miller, V. M. 2018; 1065: 643-654

  View details for DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_39

  View details for Web of Science ID 000453874000041

• One and a half million medical papers reveal a link between author gender and attention to gender and sex analysis. Nature human behaviour Nielsen, M. W., Andersen, J. P., Schiebinger, L., Schneider, J. W. 2017; 1 (11): 791-796

  Abstract

  Gender and sex analysis is increasingly recognized as a key factor in creating better medical research and health care 1-7 . Using a sample of more than 1.5 million medical research papers, our study examined the potential link between women's participation in medical science and attention to gender-related and sex-related factors in disease-specific research. Adjusting for variations across countries, disease topics and medical research areas, we compared the participation of women authors in studies that do and do not involve gender and sex analysis. Overall, our results show a robust positive correlation between women's authorship and the likelihood of a study including gender and sex analysis. These findings corroborate discussions of how women's participation in medical science links to research outcomes, and show the mutual benefits of promoting both the scientific advancement of women and the integration of gender and sex analysis into medical research.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41562-017-0235-x

  View details for PubMedID 31024130

• One and a half million medical papers reveal a link between author gender and attention to gender and sex analysis NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR Nielsen, M., Andersen, J., Schiebinger, L., Schneider, J. W. 2017; 1 (11): 791–96

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41562-017-0235-x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000418854500012

• Opinion: Gender diversity leads to better science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Nielsen, M. W., Alegria, S., Börjeson, L., Etzkowitz, H., Falk-Krzesinski, H. J., Joshi, A., Leahey, E., Smith-Doerr, L., Woolley, A. W., Schiebinger, L. 2017; 114 (8): 1740-1742

  View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1700616114

  View details for PubMedID 28228604

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5338420

• THE PSYCHOLOGY OF GENDER AND HEALTH CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED GLOBAL CONCERNS Foreword PSYCHOLOGY OF GENDER AND HEALTH: CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED GLOBAL CONCERNS Schiebinger, L., SanchezLopez, M. P., LiminanaGras, R. M. 2017: XI-XVI

  View details for Web of Science ID 000426265300001

• Considering sex as a biological variable in preclinical research FASEB JOURNAL Miller, L. R., Marks, C., Becker, J. B., Hurn, P. D., Chen, W., Woodruff, T., McCarthy, M. M., Sohrabji, F., Schiebinger, L., Wetherington, C. L., Makris, S., Arnold, A. P., Einstein, G., Miller, V. M., Sandberg, K., Maier, S., Cornelison, T. L., Clayton, J. A. 2017; 31 (1): 29-34

  Abstract

  In June 2015, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) released a Guide notice (NOT-OD-15-102) that highlighted the expectation of the NIH that the possible role of sex as a biologic variable be factored into research design, analyses, and reporting of vertebrate animal and human studies. Anticipating these guidelines, the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health, in October 2014, convened key stakeholders to discuss methods and techniques for integrating sex as a biologic variable in preclinical research. The workshop focused on practical methods, experimental design, and approaches to statistical analyses in the use of both male and female animals, cells, and tissues in preclinical research. Workshop participants also considered gender as a modifier of biology. This article builds on the workshop and is meant as a guide to preclinical investigators as they consider methods and techniques for inclusion of both sexes in preclinical research and is not intended to prescribe exhaustive/specific approaches for compliance with the new NIH policy.-Miller, L. R., Marks, C., Becker, J. B., Hurn, P. D., Chen, W.-J., Woodruff, T., McCarthy, M. M., Sohrabji, F., Schiebinger, L., Wetherington, C. L., Makris, S., Arnold, A. P., Einstein, G., Miller, V. M., Sandberg, K., Maier, S., Cornelison, T. L., Clayton, J. A. Considering sex as a biological variable in preclinical research.

  View details for DOI 10.1096/fj.201600781R

  View details for PubMedID 27682203

• Opinion: Gender diversity leads to better science Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Nielsen, M. W., et al 2017; 114 (8): 1740-1742

  View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1700616114

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5338420

• Gender Matters in Biological Research and Medical Practice. Journal of the American College of Cardiology Schiebinger, L. n., Stefanick, M. L. 2016; 67 (2): 136–38

  View details for PubMedID 26791058

• Editorial policies for sex and gender analysis. Lancet (London, England) Schiebinger, L. n., Leopold, S. S., Miller, V. M. 2016; 388 (10062): 2841–42

  View details for PubMedID 27979394

• Opinion: Sex inclusion in basic research drives discovery. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Klein, S. L., Schiebinger, L. n., Stefanick, M. L., Cahill, L. n., Danska, J. n., de Vries, G. J., Kibbe, M. R., McCarthy, M. M., Mogil, J. S., Woodruff, T. K., Zucker, I. n. 2015; 112 (17): 5257–58

  View details for PubMedID 25902532

• Innovations generated. Case Study: Science. The Genetics of sex determination AVANT Schiebinger, L., Klinge, I., Sanchez de Madariaga, I., Schraudner, M. 2015; 6 (1): 27-39

  View details for Web of Science ID 000363714700005

• Scientific research must take gender into account. Nature Schiebinger, L. 2014; 507 (7490): 9-?

  View details for DOI 10.1038/507009a

  View details for PubMedID 24598604

• Following the Story: From the Mind Has No Sex? to Gendered Innovations Writing about Science Lives: (Auto)biography, Gender, and Genre Schiebinger, L. edited by Govoni, P., Franceschi, Z. A. Göttingen: V&R Unipress. 2014: 43–54
• Women and Gender in Science and Technology Schiebinger, L. London: Routledge. 2014
• Adding Sex-and-Gender Dimensions to Your Research Science Careers Rabesandratana, T. 2014
• Natural History The Princeton Companion to Atlantic History Schiebinger, L. edited by Miller, J. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2014
• Medical Experimentation and Race in the Eighteenth-century Atlantic World SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE Schiebinger, L. 2013; 26 (3): 364-382

  View details for DOI 10.1093/shm/hkt011

  View details for Web of Science ID 000322401900003

• Embedding Concepts of Sex and Gender Health Differences into Medical Curricula JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH Miller, V. M., Rice, M., Schiebinger, L., Jenkins, M. R., Werbinski, J., Nunez, A., Wood, S., Viggiano, T. R., Shuster, L. T. 2013; 22 (3): 194-202

  Abstract

  Sex, a biological variable, and gender, a cultural variable, define the individual and affect all aspects of disease prevention, development, diagnosis, progression, and treatment. Sex and gender are essential elements of individualized medicine. However, medical education rarely considers such topics beyond the physiology of reproduction. To reduce health care disparities and to provide optimal, cost-effective medical care for individuals, concepts of sex and gender health need to become embedded into education and training of health professionals. In September 2012, Mayo Clinic hosted a 2-day workshop bringing together leading experts from 13 U.S. schools of medicine and schools of public health, Health Resources and Services Administration Office of Women's Health (HRSA OWH), the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH), and the Canadian Institute of Health and Gender. The purpose of this workshop was to articulate the need to integrate sex- and gender-based content into medical education and training, to identify gaps in current medical curricula, to consider strategies to embed concepts of sex and gender health into health professional curricula, and to identify existing resources to facilitate and implement change. This report summarizes these proceedings, recommendations, and action items from the workshop.

  View details for DOI 10.1089/jwh.2012.4193

  View details for Web of Science ID 000316061700125

  View details for PubMedID 23414074

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3601631

• Gendered Innovations: How Gender Analysis Contributes to Research Schiebinger, L. edited by Schiebinger, L., Klinge, I. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. 2013
• Gendered Innovations in Biomedicine and Public Health Research Sex and Gender Aspects in Clinical Medicine Schiebinger, L. edited by Prigione, S. O., Zagrosek, V. R. London: Springer Verlag. 2012: 5–8
• Gendered Innovations in Biomedicine and Public Health Research SEX AND GENDER ASPECTS IN CLINICAL MEDICINE Schiebinger, L., OerteltPrigione, S., RegitzZagrosek 2012: 5-8

  View details for DOI 10.1007/978-0-85729-832-4_2

  View details for Web of Science ID 000301157600002

• Getting More Women into Science: Knowledge Issues Gender and Science: Studies across Cultures Schiebinger, L. edited by Kumar, N. New Delhi: Cambridge University Press. 2012: 3–19
• Vom Gender Bias zu geschlechterspezifischen Innovationen – Eine Begegnung mit Londa Schiebinger Züricher Jahrbuch für Wissensgeschichte Schiebinger, L. edited by Purtschert, P. 2012: 201–222
• Interdisciplinary Approaches to Achieving Gendered Innovations in Science, Medicine, and Engineering Género, Conocimiento e Investigacíon Schiebinger, L. edited by Reyes, I. P., Rodríguez, A. P. Madrid: Plaza y Valdés. 2012: 19–40
• Interdisciplinary Approaches to Achieving Gendered Innovations in Science, Medicine, and Engineering INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE REVIEWS Schiebinger, L., Schraudner, M. 2011; 36 (2): 154-167

  View details for DOI 10.1179/030801811X13013181961518

  View details for Web of Science ID 000292082100007

• Women in science and medicine LANCET Buitendijk, S., Corda, D., Flodstrom, A., Holdcroft, A., Hunter, J., Pollitzer, E., Rees, T., Rice, C., Schiebinger, L., Schraudner, M., Sjorup, K., Tarrach, R. 2011; 377 (9768): 811

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60305-X

  View details for Web of Science ID 000288628500024

  View details for PubMedID 21377568

• Academic Couples: Implications for Medical School Faculty Recruitment and Retention JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS Girod, S., Gilmartin, S. K., Valantine, H., Schiebinger, L. 2011; 212 (3): 310-319

  Abstract

  Academic couples constitute 36% of the US professoriate. Universities are in the midst of a major transition in hiring practices to support these and other faculty with working partners. However, less is known about academic couples among medical school faculty and surgical specialties specifically. This study was designed to address this gap.In 2006-2007, the Michelle R Clayman Institute for Gender Research at Stanford University designed and administered the "Managing Academic Careers Survey" to nearly 30,000 full-time faculty across all academic fields at leading research universities nationwide. This study included 2,475 medical school faculty survey respondents at 12 participating institutions. Main outcomes measures were academic partner status; number of journal articles/chapters during career; and applications to other academic position(s) in last 5 years.A total of 73.3% of medical school faculty respondents were in dual-career partnerships (where both partners actively pursue employment) and 32.2% had an academic partner. Sixty-nine percent of academic partners were also in medical schools. Women faculty were more likely than men to have an academic partner. Among surgery faculty, 40% of women had an academic partner, as compared with 29.3% of men. In fully adjusted regression models, faculty with academic partners had higher publication counts than other faculty, and had higher odds of applying to other academic positions.Academic couples constitute one-third of all medical school faculty. They represent a productive and potentially mobile component of the medical faculty workforce. Because women had a higher rate of academic partnering, dual-career academic hiring policies are especially important for recruitment and retention of female faculty in surgical specialties.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.11.005

  View details for Web of Science ID 000289427400006

  View details for PubMedID 21296007

• Gli stereotipi fanno male alla salute Ingenere Schiebinger, L. 2011
• Women in Science and Medicine The Lancet Schiebinger, L. 2011; 377: 811
• Dual Career Academic Couples: University Strategies, Opportunities, Policies Going Diverse: Innovative Answers to Future Challenges. Gender and Diversity Perspectives in Science, Technology and Business Schiebinger, L. edited by Leicht-Scholten, C., Breuer, E., Callies, N., Wolffram, A. Opladen: Budrich UniPress. 2011: 161–174
• Prospecting for Drugs: European Naturalists in the West Indies The Postcolonial Science and Technology Studies Reader Schiebinger, L. edited by Harding, S. Durham: Duke University Press. 2011: 110–126
• Science, Gender and Beyond: An International Perspective Wissenschaft und Gender Schiebinger, L. edited by Magerl, G., Neck, R., Spiel, C. Vienna: Boehlau. 2011: 9–31
• Gendered Innovations: A New Approach for Nursing Science BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH FOR NURSING Sims, S. T., Stefanick, M. L., Kronenberg, F., Sachedina, N. A., Schiebinger, L. 2010; 12 (2): 156-161

  Abstract

  Considerable sex and gender bias has been recognized within the field of medicine. Investigators have used sex and gender analysis to reevaluate studies and outcomes and generate new perspectives and new questions regarding differential diagnoses and treatments of men and women. Sex and gender analysis acts as an experimental control to provide critical scientific rigor; researchers who ignore it risk ignoring a possible source of error in past, current, and future science. In this article, the authors introduce some tools of sex and gender analysis and illustrate the concept of gendered innovations by demonstrating through examples how this type of analysis has profoundly enhanced human knowledge in health and disease. The authors also provide recommendations for incorporating the concepts of sex and gender analysis into nursing education and research.

  View details for DOI 10.1177/1099800410375108

  View details for Web of Science ID 000281796300006

  View details for PubMedID 20798156

• Gendered Innovations in Science and Engineering Schiebinger, L. Seoul: Yonsei University Press. 2010
• Dual Career Academic Couples: University Strategies, Opportunities, Policies Dual Career Couples in Theorie und Praxis Schiebinger, L. edited by Funk, J., Gramespacher, E., Rothäusler, I. Leverkusen Opladen: Barbara Budrich Verlag. 2010: 113–126
• Housework is an Academic Issue Academe Schiebinger, L., Gilmartin, S. 2010: 39 - 44
• Scientific Exchange in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World Ethik – Geschlecht – Medizin. Körpergeschichten in politischer Reflexion Schiebinger, L. edited by Ernst, W. Berlin: LIT-Verlag. 2010: 41–69
• Maria Sibylla Merian and Daughters: Women of Art and Science (Book Review) EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES Book Review Authored by: Schiebinger, L. 2009; 42 (4): 626-628

  View details for Web of Science ID 000268161200012

• Dual Career Academic Couples: University Strategies, Opportunities, Policies RWTH, Aachen Schiebinger, L. 2009
• Dual Career Academic Couples: University Strategies, Opportunities, Policies The American Economics Schiebinger, L. 2009
• Dual Career Academic Couples: University Strategies, Opportunities, Policies Association CSWEP Newsletter Schiebinger, L. 2009
• Scientific Exchange in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World Soundings in Atlantic History: Latent Structures and Intellectual Currents, 1500 - 1825 Schiebinger, L. edited by Bailyn, B. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 2009: 294–328
• Skeletons in the Closet: The First Illustrations of the Female Skeleton in Eighteenth-Century Anatomy The Enlightenment: Critical Concepts in Historical Studies Schiebinger, L. Routledge. 2009
• Hot Flushes, Cold Science: A History of the Modern Menopause (Book Review) Lancet Schiebinger, L. 2009; 373: 1072
• Dual Career Academic Couples: University Strategies, Opportunities, Policies Committee on the Status of Women in Economics Profession Newsletter, American Economic Association Schiebinger, L. 2009: 11 - 14
• The art of medicine - Exotic abortifacients and lost knowledge LANCET Schiebinger, L. 2008; 371 (9614): 718-719

  View details for Web of Science ID 000253596700014

• Gendered Innovations in Science and Engineering Schiebinger, L. Stanford University Press. 2008
• Agnotology: The Making and Unmaking of Ignorance Schiebinger, L. edited by Schiebinger, L., Proctor, R. N. Stanford University Press. 2008
• Why Aren't More Women in Science? Top Researchers Debate the Evidence (Book Review) American Scientist Schiebinger, L. 2008: 428-430
• Contraception: A History (Book review) Lancet Schiebinger, L. 2008; 372: 438
• The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science Schiebinger, L. Seoul: Booksea Publishing Co.. 2008
• West Indian Abortifacients and the Making of Ignorance Agnotology: The Making and Unmaking of Ignorance Schiebinger, L. edited by Proctor, R. N., Schiebinger, L. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 2008: 149–162
• The Correspondence of Dr. William Hunter (Book review) Annals of Science Schiebinger, L. 2008
• Motherhood: The Elephant in the Laboratory: Women Scientists Speak Out (Book Review) American Scientist Schiebinger, L. 2008
• Getting more Women into Science: Knowledge Issues Historia, Saude, Manguinho Schiebinger, L. 2008; 15
• Gender Analysis in Colonial Science Recodierungen des Wissens: Stand und Perspektiven der Geschlechterforschung in Naturwissenschaften und Technik Schiebinger, L. edited by Lucht, P., Paulitz, T. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag. 2008
• Plants and Empire: Colonial Bioprospecting in the Atlantic World Schiebinger, L. Kosakusha Publishing Co.. 2007
• Getting more Women into Science: Knowledge Issues Harvard Journal of Law & Gender Schiebinger, L. 2007; 30: 365 - 478
• Naming and Knowing: The Global Politics of Eighteenth-Century Botanical Nomenclatures Making Knowledge in Early Modern Europe Schiebinger, L. edited by Smith, P., Schmidt, B. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2007: 90–105
• PRES 12-Gendered innovations in the sciences Schiebinger, L. AMER CHEMICAL SOC. 2006

  View details for Web of Science ID 000207781605708

• Genderbepaalde vernieuwingen in der Natuurwetenschappen Tijdschrift voor Genderstudies Schiebinger, L. 2006; 9: 16 - 27
• The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science Schiebinger, L. Athens: Katoptro. 2006
• L’orientation de la connaissance par les critères de genre dans la science du xviiie siècle Genre, science, recherche Schiebinger, L. edited by Cacoauault, M., Gardey, D. Paris: CNRS. 2006: 143–146
• Sites and Boundaries: Patterns of Inclusion and Exclusion Early Modern Science, vol. 3 of the Cambridge History of Science Schiebinger, L. edited by Daston, L., Park, K. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2006: 192–205
• Exotische Abtribungsmittel: Geschlechtliches Wissen im 18. Jahrhungert in der Karibik Deproduktion—Schwangerschaftsabbruch im internationalen Kontext Schiebinger, L. edited by Diehl, S. Berlin: Alibri. 2006
• Bodies in contact: Rethinking colonial encounters in world history. (Book Review) AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW Book Review Authored by: Schiebinger, L. 2005; 110 (5): 1488-1489

  View details for Web of Science ID 000234178500018

• Agnotology and exotic abortifacients: The cultural production of ignorance in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY Schiebinger, L. 2005; 149 (3): 316-343

  View details for Web of Science ID 000232892700003

  View details for PubMedID 17290673

• Nature's Unruly Body Regimes of Description: In the Archive of the Eighteenth Century Schiebinger, L. edited by Bender, J., Marrinan, M. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 2005: 25–43
• Colonial Botany Science, Commerce, and Politics in the Early Modern World Introduction COLONIAL BOTANY: SCIENCE, COMMERCE, AND POLITICS IN THE EARLY MODERN WORLD Schiebinger, L., Swan, C., Schiebinger, L., Swan, C. 2005: 1-+

  View details for Web of Science ID 000269994000001

• Prospecting for Drugs European Naturalists in the West Indies COLONIAL BOTANY: SCIENCE, COMMERCE, AND POLITICS IN THE EARLY MODERN WORLD Schiebinger, L., Schiebinger, L., Swan, C. 2005: 119-+

  View details for Web of Science ID 000269994000008

• Exotic Abortifacients: The Gender Politics of Plants in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World Frontier of Gender Studies (Japanese journal) Schiebinger, L. 2005; 3: 204 - 221
• Colonial Botany: Science, Commerce, and Politics Schiebinger, L. edited by Schiebinger, L., Swan, C. University of Pennsylvania Press. 2005
• Useful bodies: Humans in the service of medical science in the twentieth century. (Book Review) AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW Book Review Authored by: Schiebinger, L. 2004; 109 (4): 1200-1200

  View details for Web of Science ID 000224738900013

• The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science Scheibinger, L. Madrid: Cátedra Ediciones. 2004
• Pandora’s Breeches: Women, Science & Power in the Enlightenment (Book Review) Nature Medicine Schiebinger, L. 2004; 10: 669
• Feminist History of Colonial Science Hypatia Schiebinger, L. 2004; 19: 233 - 254
• Nature's Body: Gender in the Making of Modern Science Schiebinger, L. Rutgers University Press. 2004
• Femmes universitaires en Allemagne Les femmes dans l’histoire du CNRS Schiebinger, L., Costas, I. edited by Kaspi, A. 2004: 119–127
• Plants and Empire: Colonial Bioprospecting in the Atlantic World Schiebinger, L. Harvard University Press. 2004
• Women's health and clinical trials JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION Schiebinger, L. 2003; 112 (7): 973-977

  Abstract

  Women have traditionally been underrepresented in clinical trials. In order to translate recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and physiological bases of sex differences into new therapeutics and health practices, sound sex-specific clinical data are imperative. Since the founding of the Office of Research on Women's Health within the Office of the Director at the NIH in 1990, inequities in federally funded biomedical research, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting women in the US have been reviewed. Discussed herein is the evolution of gender-related research innovations, primarily within the last decade, and strategies and challenges involved in the success of this recent development.

  View details for DOI 10.1172/JCI200329993

  View details for Web of Science ID 000185763100003

  View details for PubMedID 14523031

• Skelettestreit ISIS Schiebinger, L. 2003; 94 (2): 307-313

  Abstract

  Michael Stolberg claims there was a broad movement in the sixteenth century toward sexing skeletons and offers Felix Platter's singular 1583 female skeleton and Caspar Bauhin's 1597 reproduction of that skeleton as evidence. He admits that these illustrations did not become a standard feature of anatomical textbooks, though he maintains (erroneously) that the descriptions of these skeletons became "canonical." Stolberg does not appreciate the extent to which Platter's female skeleton was an anomaly. Distinctively female-sexed skeletons flooded Europe after about 1730, and, importantly, anatomists at the time perceived that these depictions were radically new. Indeed, widespread and protracted debates erupted over the exact features of the female skeleton. These anatomical illustrations emerged within a novel political climate, where sex in the body was newly seen as grounding gender roles in new social regimes. The story of the European study of sexual differences is not one of slow and steady accretion of positive knowledge, as Stolberg implies. That story is fraught with changing reinterpretations and relocations of difference, and new meanings attached to new kinds of sameness and difference within differing cultural contexts. It is wrong to judge foundational shifts in scientific culture merely by firsts.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000183837300005

  View details for PubMedID 12879560

• Jeanne Baret: the first woman to circumnavigate the globe ENDEAVOUR Schiebinger, L. 2003; 27 (1): 22-25

  Abstract

  The voyages of scientific discovery conjure in our minds images of Sir Hans Sloane bioprospecting in Jamaica in 1687 or Joseph Banks voyaging aboard the Endeavour to Tahiti and New Zealand in 1768. But women also set foot on rickety and unsure ocean-going vessels in the 18th century in the service of science. The German-born Maria Sibylla Merian voyaged from Amsterdam to Surinam in South America in 1699 to search for exotic caterpillars. She sought one that would produce a thread to rival silk, a costly and much sought-after fabric in early-modern Europe. In the process, she produced one of the most celebrated 18th-century natural history books.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0160-9327(03)00018-8

  View details for Web of Science ID 000181977600004

  View details for PubMedID 12642142

• The Philosopher's Beard: Women and Gender in Science Science in the Eighteenth Century, vol. 4 of the Cambridge History of Science (Translated into Chinese) Schiebinger, L. edited by Porter, R. 2003
• Teaching Gender Analytics in Science, Medicine, and Technology in Culture Innovations in Education, History of Science Society Newsletter Schiebinger, L. 2003: 4 - 5
• The Philosopher's Beard: Women and Gender in Science Science in the Eighteenth Century, vol. 4 of the Cambridge History of Science Schiebinger, L. edited by Porter, R. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2003: 184–210
• The Anatomy of Difference: Race and Gender in Eighteenth-Century Science Geschlechterarrangements in globaler und historischer Perspektive Schiebinger, L. edited by Kramer, H., Naegele, R. 2003
• Human Experimentation in the Eighteenth Century: Natural Boundaries and Valid Testing The Moral Authority of Nature Schiebinger, L. edited by Daston, L., Vidal, F. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2003: 384–408
• Primatology, archaeology, and human origins - Feminist interventions Conference on Equal Rites, Unequal Outcomes - Women in American Research Universities Schiebinger, L. KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL. 2003: 247–256

  View details for Web of Science ID 000222615400011

• Gender and Science Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science Schiebinger, L., Heilbron, J. New York: Oxford University Press. 2003: 327–329
• Subject matter: Technology, the body, and science on the Anglo-American frontier, 1500-1676. (Book Review) AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW Book Review Authored by: Schiebinger, L. 2002; 107 (1): 183-184

  View details for Web of Science ID 000173983300040

• Has Feminism Changed Science? Schiebinger, L. Dulnyouk Publishing Co.. 2002
• Has Feminism Changed Science? Schiebinger, L. Kosakusha Publishing Co.. 2002
• Sperimentazione umana: sesso e razza nel XVIII secolo Corpi e Storia. pratiche, diritti, simboli Schiebinger, L. edited by Filippini, N. M., Plebani, T., Scattigno, A. 2002: 193–212
• Mainstreaming Gender Analysis into Science Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering Schiebinger, L. 2002: 381–394
• Sexual chemistry - A history of the contraceptive pill (Book Review) SCIENCE Book Review Authored by: Schiebinger, L. 2001; 294 (5549): 2106-2106

  View details for Web of Science ID 000172647700030

• Making the body beautiful: A cultural history of aesthetic surgery (Book Review) AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW Book Review Authored by: Schiebinger, L. 2001; 106 (1): 134-135

  View details for Web of Science ID 000167116300014

• Has Feminism Changed Science? Schiebinger, L. Universidade do Sagrado Coração. 2001
• Women and Science: Why Does It Matter? Women and Science: Making Change Happen Schiebinger, L. edited by Colosimo, A., Degan, B., Dewandre, N. 2001: 16–25
• The Technology of Orgasm: "Hysteria," the Vibrator, and Women's Sexual Satisfaction American Studies Schiebinger, L. 2001; 42 (2): 161-162
• Has Feminism Changed Science? Onze Alma Mater Schiebinger, L. 2001; 55: 444-61
• Feminism in Twentieth-Century Science, Technology, and Medicine Schiebinger, L. edited by Schiebinger, L., Creager, A., Lunbeck, E. University of Chicago Press. 2001
• The Door in the Dream:Conversations with Eminent Women in Science Quarterly Review of Biology Schiebinger, L. 2001; 76: 339
• Oxford Companion to the Body Schiebinger, L. edited by Blakemore, C., Jennett, S., Schiebinger, L., Cuthbert, A., Porter, R., Sears, T., Tansey, T. Oxford University Press. 2001
• The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science Schiebinger, L. Lisbon: Pandora Ediçioes. 2001
• Quelle parité pour la recherche biomédicale? La Recherche Schiebinger, L. 2001: 2 - 5
• The Private Life of Plants: Sexual Politics in Carl Linnaeus and Erasmus Darwin Ansichten der Wissenschaftsgeschichte Schiebinger, L. edited by Hagner, M. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag. 2001: 107–33
• Collecting Body Parts: Georges Cuvier's Hottentot Venus Concepts and Symbols of the Eighteenth Century in Europe Schiebinger, L. edited by Bödeker, H. E., Steinbrügge, L. Berlin: Nomos Verlag. 2001: 23–36
• Linnaeus - Nature and nation (Book Review) SCIENCE Book Review Authored by: Schiebinger, L. 2000; 287 (5459): 1761-1761

  View details for Web of Science ID 000085775300024

• Women’s Studies in Archaeology Historica Schiebinger, L. 2000; 23: 24-5
• Has Feminism Changed Science? Jahrbuch 2000 des Collegium Helveticum der ETH Zürich Schiebinger, L. edited by Nowotny, H., Weiss, M. 2000: 273–92
• Has Feminism Changed Science? Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society special issue: Feminisms at the Millennium Schiebinger, L. 2000; 25: 1171-6
• Women in Science The Reader's Guide to the History of Science Schiebinger, L. edited by Hessenbruch, A. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. 2000: 287–288
• Gender and Sex The Reader's Guide to the History of Science Schiebinger, L. edited by Hessenbruch, A. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. 2000: 760–762
• Feminism and the Body Browne, J., Gilman, S., Hunt, L., Laqueur, T., Warner, M. edited by Schiebinger, L. Oxford University Press. 2000
• Gender The Reader's Guide to the History of Science Schiebinger, L. edited by Hessenbruch, A. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. 2000: 283–285
• Has Feminism Changed Science? Naturwissenschaft und Naturwissenschafts-Kritik aus feministischer Sicht Schiebinger, L. edited by Thulmann, H. 2000: 63–75
• Creating Sustainable Science The Gender and Science Reader Schiebinger, L. edited by Lederman, M., Batsch, I. New York: Routledge. 2000
• Has Feminism Changed Science? NVOX Schiebinger, L. 2000; 25 (3): 114-117
• Exotic abortifacients: the global politics of plants in the 18th century ENDEAVOUR Schiebinger, L. 2000; 24 (3): 117-121

  View details for Web of Science ID 000165058500006

• Has Feminism Changed Science? Schiebinger, L. München: Beck Verlag. 2000
• Women, science, and medicine, 1500-1700: Mothers and sisters of the royal society. (Book Review) ISIS Book Review Authored by: Schiebinger, L. 1999; 90 (3): 587-589

  View details for Web of Science ID 000083217400031

• How women contribute SCIENCE Schiebinger, L. 1999; 285 (5429): 835-835

  View details for Web of Science ID 000081860900017

• Has Feminism Changed Science? Schiebinger, L. Harvard University Press. 1999
• Gender Studies of STS: A Look Toward the Future Science, Technology, and Human Values Schiebinger, L. 1999; 4: 95-106
• Skeletons in the Closet: The First Illustrations of the Female Skeleton in Eighteenth-Century Anatomy Hyosho to Shite No Shintai Schiebinger, L. Toyko: Taishukan Shoten. 1999
• Skeletons in the Closet: The First Illustrations of the Female Skeleton in Eighteenth-Century Anatomy Sexuality Schiebinger, L. edited by Nye, R. A. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1999: 42–82
• Has Feminism Changed Science? Figuration: Gender, Literatur, Kultur Schiebinger, L. 1999: 50 - 64
• Making natural knowledge: Constructivism and the history of science. (Book Review) AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW Book Review Authored by: Schiebinger, L. 1998; 103 (5): 1554-1555

  View details for Web of Science ID 000077645600012

• Lost Knowledge, Bodies of Ignorance, and the Poverty of Taxonomy as Illustrated by the Curious Fate of Flos Pavonis, an Abortifacient Picturing Science, Producing Art Schiebinger, L. edited by Jones, C., Galison, P. New York: Routledge. 1998: 125–144
• The King's Midwife: A History and Mystery of Madame du Coudray The Women's Review of Books Schiebinger, L. 1998
• The facts of life: The creation of sexual knowledge in Britain, 1650-1950 - Porter,R, Hall,L (Book Review) JOURNAL OF MODERN HISTORY Book Review Authored by: Schiebinger, L. 1997; 69 (2): 333-335

  View details for Web of Science ID A1997XE49700011

• The moral sex: Woman's nature in the French enlightenment - Steinbrugge,L (Book Review) AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW Book Review Authored by: Schiebinger, L. 1997; 102 (3): 824-825

  View details for Web of Science ID A1997XF45600070

• A History of the Breast Women's Review of Books Schiebinger, L. 1997: 10-11
• Creating sustainable science + Gender studies and the practice of science OSIRIS Schiebinger, L. 1997; 12: 201-216

  View details for Web of Science ID A1997YD23600012

• Verlorenes Wissen, Systeme der Ignoranz und die Beschränktheit der Taxonomie dargestellt am Beispiel der Flos Pavonis, einem Abortivum Frauen, Kunst, Wissenschaf Schiebinger, L. 1997; 23: 7 - 28
• Gender in Early Modern Science History and the Disciplines: The Reclassification of Knowledge in Early Modern Europe Schiebinger, L. edited by Kelley, D. Rochester: University of Rochester Press. 1997: 313–334
• The Anatomy of Difference: Race and Gender in Eighteenth-Century Science Frauenmacht und Männerherrschaft: Geschlechterbeziehungen im Kulturvergleich Schiebinger, L. 1997; 2: 115-20
• Maria Winkelmann and the Berlin Academy: A Turning Point for Women in Science The Scientific Enterprise in Early Modern Europe: Readings from Isis Schiebinger, L. edited by Dear, P. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1997: 305–31
• Women scientists in America: Before affirmative action, 1940-1972 - Rossiter,MW (Book Review) JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY Book Review Authored by: Schiebinger, L. 1996; 83 (2): 683-684

  View details for Web of Science ID A1996VH81600134

• Cultivating women, cultivating science: Flora's daughters and botany in England 1760 to 1860 - Shteir,AB (Book Review) NATURE Book Review Authored by: Schiebinger, L. 1996; 382 (6593): 683-684

  View details for Web of Science ID A1996VD33300038

• The loves of the plants SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Schiebinger, L. 1996; 274 (2): 110-115

  View details for Web of Science ID A1996TR44200034

• Why Mammals are Called Mammals: Gender Politics in Eighteenth-Century Natural History Feminism and Science Schiebinger, L. edited by Keller, E. F., Longino, H. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1996: 137–153
• Nature's Body: Gender in the Making of Modern Science Schiebinger, L. Tokyo: Kosakusha Publishing Co.. 1996
• Women on the Margins: Three Seventeenth-Century Lives Isis, Journal of the History of Science Society Schiebinger, L. 1996; 87: 360-361
• The Exclusion of Women and the Structure of Knowledge The Sociology of Science Schiebinger, L. edited by Nowotny, H., Taschwer, K. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Ltd.. 1996: 238–253
• Wissenschaftlerinnen im Zeitalter der Aufklärung Geschichte der Mädchenund Frauenbildung Schiebinger, L. edited by Kleinau, E., Opitz, C. Frankfurt: Campus. 1996
• L'Amour chez les plantes Pour la Science Schiebinger, L. 1996
• MASCULINITY AND MALE CODES OF HONOR IN MODERN FRANCE - NYE,RA (Book Review) JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Book Review Authored by: Schiebinger, L. 1995; 31 (3): 300-301

  View details for Web of Science ID A1995RM08700031

• Nature's Body: Gender in the Making of Modern Science Schiebinger, L. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta Verlag. 1995
• Gender and Science: Transforming Knowledge Denken heisst Grenzen Überschreiten": Beiträge aus der sozialhistorischen Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung Schiebinger, L. edited by Kleinau, E., Schmersahl, K., Weickmann, D. Hamburg: Bockel Verlag. 1995: 15–29
• The Private Life of Plants: Sexual Politics in Carl Linnaeus and Erasmus Darwin Das Geschlecht der Natur: Feministische Beiträge zur Geschichte und Theorie der Naturwissenschaften Schiebinger, L. edited by Orland, B., Scheich, E. Stuttgart: Suhrkamp Verlag. 1995: 245–69
• The Creation of Feminist Consciousness: From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-Seventy The Journal of Interdisciplinary History Schiebinger, L. 1995: 671-672
• What Changes Have Feminists Brought to Science Proceedings of the 21. Kongress für Frauen in der Naturwissenschaften und Technik Schiebinger, L. 1995: 287–307
• The Less Noble Sex: Scientific, Religious, and Philosophical Conceptions of Woman's Nature Isis, Journal of the History of Science Society Schiebinger, L. 1995
• Profitable Promises: Essays on Women, Science and Health The Women's Review of Books Schiebinger, L. 1995; 12: 176-178
• The Anatomy of Difference: Race and Gender in Eighteenth-Century Science Frauen in der Aufklärung Schiebinger, L. edited by Bauer, I. B., Laurenze, U. S. 1995: 155–72
• Gender in Natural History Cultures of Natural History: From Curiosity to Crisis Schiebinger, L. edited by Jardine, N., Secord, J. A., Spary, E. C. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1995: 171–187
• Gender in the Making of Modern Conceptions of Nature Zum Naturbegriff der Gegenwart Schiebinger, L. edited by Landeshauptstadt, K. S. Stuttgart: Frommann- Holzboog. 1994: 115–136
• The Gendered Ape: Early Representations of Primates in Europe The Graph of Sex and the German Text: Gendered Culture in Early Modern Germany 1500-1700 Schiebinger, L. edited by Tatlock, L. Amsterdam: Rodophi Press. 1994: 413–42
• The Culture of Sensibility: Sex and Society in Eighteenth-Century Britain Configurations: A Journal of Literature, Science, and Technology Schiebinger, L. 1994; 2: 204-205
• Why Mammals are Called Mammals: Gender Politics in Eighteenth-Century Natural History Sexual Knowledge, Sexual Science: The History of Attitudes to Sexuality Schiebinger, L. edited by Porter, R., Teich, M. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1994
• WOMEN, LOVE, AND POWER - LITERARY AND PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVES - BARUCH,EH (Book Review) JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Book Review Authored by: Schiebinger, L. 1993; 29 (3): 251-253

  View details for Web of Science ID A1993LJ62600027

• WOMEN, POLITICS, AND CHANGE - TILLY,L, GURIN,P (Book Review) JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Book Review Authored by: Schiebinger, L. 1993; 29 (3): 251-253

  View details for Web of Science ID A1993LJ62600024

• WHY MAMMALS ARE CALLED MAMMALS - GENDER POLITICS IN 18TH-CENTURY NATURAL-HISTORY AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW Schiebinger, L. 1993; 98 (2): 382-411

  View details for Web of Science ID A1993KY47200006

  View details for PubMedID 11623150

• Women in Science: Antiquity Through the Nineteenth Century, A Biographical Dictionary with Annotated Bibliography Journal of the History of Behavioral Sciences Schiebinger, L. 1993; 29: 251-253
• The Gendered Ape: Early Representations of Primates in Europe A Question of Identity: Women, Science, and Literature Schiebinger, L. edited by Benjamin, M. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. 1993
• Nature's Body: Gender in the Making of Modern Science Schiebinger, L. Beacon Press. 1993
• The Byrth of Mankynds, Otherwyse Named The Womans Booke: Embryology, Obstetrics, Gynaecology through Four Centuries Isis, Journal of the History of Science Society Schiebinger, L. 1993; 84: 197-198
• Why Mammals are Called Mammals: Gender Politics in 18th Century Natural History Diskussionspapiere, Hamburger Institut für Sozialforschung Schiebinger, L. 1993
• The Anatomy of Difference: Race and Gender in Eighteenth-Century Science Feministische Studien Sciebinger, L. 1993; 11: 48-64
• Monstrous Imagination The Women's Review of Books Schiebinger, L. 1993: 17
• The Scientific Lady: A Social History of Woman's Scientific Interests, 1520-1918 Journal of the History of Behavioral Sciences Schiebinger, L. 1993; 29: 251-253
• The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science Schiebinger, L. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta Verlag. 1993
• A World Without Women: The Christian Clerical Culture of Western Science The Women's Review of Books Schiebinger, L. 1992: 8-9
• Women in Science: Historical Perspectives Proceedings of the Women in Astronomy Workshop Schiebinger, L. edited by Urry, M. Baltimore: Space Telescope Science Institute. 1992: 11–19
• Maria Winkelmann and the Berlin Academy: A Turning Point for Women in Science Gendered Domains: Rethinking Public and Private in Women's History Schiebinger, L. edited by Helly, D., Reverby, S. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 1992: 56–70
• The Gendered Brain: Some Historical Perspectives So Human a Brain: Knowledge and Values in the Neurosciences Schiebinger, L. edited by Harrington, A. Boston: Birkhäuser Press. 1992: 110–21
• The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science Schiebinger, L. Tokyo: Kosakusha Publishing Co.. 1992
• Cartesian Women: Versions and Subversions of Rational Discourse in the Old Regime The Women's Review of Books Schiebinger, L. 1992: 8-9
• Sexual Science: The Victorian Construction of Womanhood Journal of the History of Sexuality Schiebinger, L. 1991; 1: 521-523
• Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science Gender and History Schiebinger, L. 1991; 3: 238-239
• The Body and the French Revolution: Sex, Class, and Political Culture Isis, Journal of the History of Science Society Schiebinger, L. 1991; 1: 569-570
• Margaret Cavendish: Natural Philosopher A History of Women Philosophers: 1600-1900 Schiebinger, L. edited by Waithe, M. E. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1991: 1–20
• Sexual Visions: Images of Gender in Science and Medicine Between the Eighteenth and Twentieth Centuries Journal of the History of Sexuality Schiebinger, L. 1991; 1: 521-523
• The Private Life of Plants: Sexual Politics in Carl Linnaeus and Erasmus Darwin Science and Sensibility: Gender and Scientific Inquiry 1780-1945 Schiebinger, L. edited by Benjamin, M. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 1991
• The Science of Woman: Gynaecology and Gender in England, 1800-1929 Isis, Journal of the History of Science Society Schiebinger, L. 1991; 82: 763-764
• SEXUAL UNDERWORLDS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT - ROUSSEAU,GS, PORTER,R (Book Review) ISIS Book Review Authored by: Schiebinger, L. 1990; 81 (306): 114-115

  View details for Web of Science ID A1990DB83200041

• The Anatomy of Difference: Race and Gender in Eighteenth-Century Science The Politics of Difference Schiebinger, L., Nussbaum, F. 1990; 23: 387-406
• 'Tis Nature's Fault’: Unauthorized Sexuality during the Enlightenment Isis, Journal of the History of Science Society Schiebinger, L. 1990; 81: 114-115
• Feminine Icons: The Face of Early Modern Science La Ciencia y su Público: Perspectivas Históricas Schiebinger, L. edited by Ordóñez, J., Elena, A. 1990: 71–111
• Maria Winkelmann and the Berlin Academy: A Turning Point for Women in Science Current Issues in Women's History Schiebinger, L. edited by Angerman, A. New York: Routledge . 1989
• The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science Schiebinger, L. Harvard University Press. 1989
• Feminine Icons: The Face of Early Modern Science Frauen im Frankreich des 18. Jahrhundert Schiebinger, L. 1989: 121 - 47
• FEMININE ICONS - THE FACE OF EARLY MODERN SCIENCE CRITICAL INQUIRY Schiebinger, L. 1988; 14 (4): 661-691

  View details for Web of Science ID A1988P055700001

• Uneasy Careers and Intimate Lives: Women in Science, 1789-1979 The Women's Review of Books Schiebinger, L. 1988
• Reply to Hilary Rose Signs, Journal of Women in Culture and Society Schiebinger, L. 1988; 13: 380-83
• Feminine Icons: The Face of Early Modern Science GeleerdeVrouwen, special issue of the Negende Jaarboek voor Vrouwengeschiedenis Schiebinger, L. 1988: 86 - 114
• THE HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF WOMEN IN SCIENCE - A REVIEW ESSAY SIGNS Schiebinger, L. 1987; 12 (2): 305-332

  View details for Web of Science ID A1987G005500007

• Margaret Cavendish: Natural Philosopher Women and Philosophy, special issue of Documentation sur la recherche feministe Schiebinger, L. 1987; 16: 60-1
• Margaret Cavendish: Natural Philosopher A History of Women Philosophers: 1600-1900 Schiebinger, L. 1987
• Maria Winkelmann and the Berlin Academy: A Turning Point for Women in Science Isis, Journal of the History of Science Society Schiebinger, L. 1987; 78: 174-200
• Skeletons in the Closet: The First Illustrations of the Female Skeleton in Eighteenth-Century Anatomy The Making of the Modern Body: Sexuality and Society in the Nineteenth Century Schiebinger, L. edited by Gallagher, C., Laqueur, T. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1987
• The History and Philosophy of Women in Science: A Review Essay Sex and Scientific Inquiry Schiebinger, L. edited by Harding, S. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1987: 7–34
• SKELETONS-IN-THE-CLOSET - THE 1ST ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE FEMALE SKELETON IN 18TH-CENTURY ANATOMY REPRESENTATIONS Schiebinger, L. 1986: 42-82

  View details for Web of Science ID A1986D127200002

• Skeletons in the Closet: The First Illustrations of the Female Skeleton in Eighteenth-Century Anatomy Representations Schiebinger, L. 1986; 14: 42-82
• Four Lives in Science: Women's Education in the 19th Century The Journal of Higher Education Schiebinger, L. 1985; 56: 597-599
• Skeletons in the Closet: The First Illustrations of the Female Skeleton in Eighteenth-Century Anatomy Italian translation in Memoria Schiebinger, L. 1984: 11-12, 145-51