Baraka Floyd

All Publications

• Building trust and partnership with Black pediatric patients and their families: A scoping review. Academic pediatrics Garcia, R. S., Hollis, T., Baratta, J., King, Z., Faulks, M., Ricketts, M., Brown-Johnson, C., Shankar, M., Guerin, A., Wong, C., Zulman, D. M., Floyd, B. D. 2023

  Abstract

  Systemic racism embedded within the U.S. healthcare system results in disproportionately worse health outcomes for Black pediatric patients and their families/caregivers. One meaningful mechanism through which these health disparities persist is through discriminatory treatment and anti-Black bias from clinicians. Strengthening care provided to Black pediatric patients and their families/caregivers requires that clinicians adopt culturally tailored communication strategies that promote health equity and counter racism. We conducted a scoping review of evidence-based communication practices in the medical literature that improve care for Black pediatric patients. We mapped the specific practices to the Presence 5 for Racial Justice framework and identified cross-cutting themes to describe practices across the five domains. There are three cross-cutting themes that underlie the recommended practices: (1) promote unbiased implementation of clinician communication strategies (e.g., providing equitable recommendations for preventive care); (2) tailor care to Black pediatric patients (e.g., explore the importance of the family unit); and (3) address racism experienced by Black pediatric patients and their families/caregivers (e.g., acknowledge any previous negative experiences with the healthcare system). This review highlights communication practices that clinicians can adopt to build trusting relationships, empower Black families, and promote racial justice in clinical care. Future opportunities include expanding to system level change and validating these practices with patients and clinicians.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.acap.2023.08.016

  View details for PubMedID 37659602

• Building an Anti-Racist Department through an Experiential Department-Wide Anti-Racism Curriculum. Academic pediatrics Guerin, A., Lee, J., Floyd, B., Yemane, L., Fassiotto, M., Griffith, E., Blankenburg, R., Hilgenberg, S. L., Dali, S., De Araujo, M., Jones, K., Kuo, K., Rassbach, C. E. 2023

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.acap.2023.06.001

  View details for PubMedID 37422256

• Sparking a Movement, Not a Moment: Framework and Outcomes From a Pediatrics Department-Wide Coalition to Advance Anti-Racism ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS Yemane, L., Ramirez, M., Guerin, A., Floyd, B., Okorie, C. A., Ling, W., Addala, A., Figg, L., Talley, E. M., Chamberlain, L. 2023; 23 (5): 886-892

  View details for Web of Science ID 001039988800001

• Concordance between electronic health record-recorded race/ethnicity and parental report in hospitalized children. Journal of hospital medicine Hoang, K., Gold, J., Powell, C., Lee, H. C., Floyd, B., Schroeder, A., Chadwick, W. 2023

  Abstract

  Electronic health records (EHRs) have become an important repository for patient race and ethnicity. Misclassification could negatively affect efforts to monitor and reduce health disparities and structural discrimination.We assessed the concordance of parental reports of race/ethnicity for their hospitalized children with EHR-documented demographics. We also aimed to describe parents' preferences on how race/ethnicity should be captured in the hospital's EHR.From December 2021 to May 2022, we conducted a single-center cross-sectional survey of parents of hospitalized children asking to describe their child's race/ethnicity and compared these responses to the race/ethnicity documented in the EHR.Concordance was analyzed with a kappa statistic (κ). Additionally, we queried respondents about their awareness of and preferences for race/ethnicity documentation.Of the 275 participants surveyed (79% response rate), there was 69% agreement (κ = 0.56) for race and 80% agreement (κ = 0.63) for ethnicity between parent report and EHR documentation. Sixty-eight parents (21%) felt that the designated categories poorly represent their child's race/ethnicity. Twenty-two (8%) were uncomfortable with their child's race/ethnicity being displayed on the hospital's EHR. Eighty-nine (32%) preferred a more comprehensive list of race/ethnicity categories.Nonconcordance between EHR-recorded race/ethnicity and parental report exists in the EHR for our hospitalized patients, which has implications for describing patient populations and for understanding racial and ethnic disparities. Current EHR categories may be limited in their ability to capture the complexity of these constructs. Future efforts should focus on ensuring that demographic information in the EHR is accurately collected and appropriately reflects families' preferences.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/jhm.13140

  View details for PubMedID 37226928

• Moral Injury: How It Affects Us and Tools to Combat It. MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources Arquette, C., Peicher, V., Ajayi, A., Alvarez, D., Mao, A., Nguyen, T., Sawyer, A., Sears, C. M., Carragee, E. J., Floyd, B., Mahanay, B., Blankenburg, R. 2023; 19: 11357

  Abstract

  Introduction: Moral injury comprises feelings of guilt, despair, shame, and/or helplessness from having one's morals transgressed. Those underrepresented in health care are more likely to experience moral injury arising from micro- and macroaggressions. This workshop was designed for interprofessional health care providers ranging from students to program leadership to raise awareness about moral injury and provide tools to combat it.Methods: This 75-minute interactive workshop explored moral injury through a health care lens. It included components of lecture, case-based learning, small-group discussion, and individual reflection. Participants completed anonymous postworkshop evaluations, providing data on satisfaction and intention to change practice. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the quantitative data and applied content analysis to the qualitative data.Results: The workshop was presented at two local academic conferences. Data were collected from 34 out of 60 participants, for a response rate of 57%. Ninety-seven percent of participants felt the workshop helped them define and identify moral injury and was a valuable use of their time, as well as indicating they would apply the information learned in their daily life. One hundred percent would recommend the workshop to a friend or colleague. Almost half felt they could implement strategies to address moral injury after participating in the workshop.Discussion: This workshop proved to be a valuable tool to define and discuss moral injury. The materials can be adapted to a broad audience.

  View details for DOI 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11357

  View details for PubMedID 37927405

• Sustaining and scaling a clinic-based approach to address health-related social needs. Frontiers in health services Arbour, M., Fico, P., Floyd, B., Morton, S., Hampton, P., Murphy Sims, J., Atwood, S., Sege, R. 2023; 3: 1040992

  Abstract

  Objective: Scaling evidence-based interventions (EBIs) from pilot phase remains a pressing challenge in efforts to address health-related social needs (HRSN) and improve population health. This study describes an innovative approach to sustaining and further spreading DULCE (Developmental Understanding and Legal Collaboration for Everyone), a universal EBI that supports pediatric clinics to implement the American Academy of Pediatrics' Bright Futures guidelines for infants' well-child visits (WCVs) and introduces a new quality measure of families' HRSN resource use.Methods: Between August 2018 and December 2019, seven teams in four communities in three states implemented DULCE: four teams that had been implementing DULCE since 2016 and three new teams. Teams received monthly data reports and individualized continuous quality improvement (CQI) coaching for six months, followed by lighter-touch support via quarterly group calls (peer-to-peer learning and coaching). Run charts were used to study outcome (percent of infants that received all WCVs on time) and process measures (percent of families screened for HRSN and connected to resources).Results: Integrating three new sites was associated with an initial regression of outcome: 41% of infants received all WCVs on time, followed by improvement to 48%. Process performance was sustained or improved: among 989 participating families, 84% (831) received 1-month WCVs on time; 96% (946) were screened for seven HRSN, 54% (508) had HRSN, and 87% (444) used HRSN resources.Conclusion: An innovative, lighter-touch CQI approach to a second phase of scale-up resulted in sustainment or improvements in most processes and outcomes. Outcomes-oriented CQI measures (family receipt of resources) are an important addition to more traditional process-oriented indicators.

  View details for DOI 10.3389/frhs.2023.1040992

  View details for PubMedID 36926501

• Sparking a Movement, Not a Moment: Framework and Outcomes from a Pediatrics Department-Wide Coalition to Advance Anti-Racism: Running Title: Pediatrics Department Coalition to Advance Anti-Racism. Academic pediatrics Yemane, L., Ramirez, M., Guerin, A., Floyd, B., Okorie, C. U., Ling, W., Addala, A., Figg, L., Talley, E. M., Chamberlain, L. 2022

  Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The Stanford Pediatrics Advancing Anti-Racism Coalition (SPAARC) was created to promote a culture of anti-racism through immediate action, development of nimble systems, and longitudinal commitment towards equity.OBJECTIVE: Evaluate gaps in the Stanford Department of Pediatrics (DoP) efforts to advance anti-racism and form a coalition of faculty, staff, and trainees to prioritize, design, and implement targeted activities with immediate and long-term measurable outcomes.METHODS: A needs assessment was conducted across all DoP members in July-August 2020 to identify gaps in anti-racism efforts. Listening sessions were recorded and transcribed to extrapolate key themes and two rounds of consensus surveys were done to identify and prioritize actions. Actions teams were created and co-led by faculty-staff dyads with trainee representation. A final activity survey was conducted in January 2021 to determine the specific activities (i.e., interventions) each team would design and implement.RESULTS: Ten small group listening sessions (70 participants) and three surveys (1005 responses) led to the creation of seven action teams with associated activities (1) training (2) community engagement and research (3) communication (4) faculty and staff recruitment and advancement (5) leadership representation (6) human resources, and (7) staff engagement. 443 (41%) DoP members were directly involved in SPAARC through participation in the needs assessment, action teams, and/or implementation of activities.CONCLUSION: SPAARC can serve as an adaptable framework for how a DoP can create a coalition to identify gaps in anti-racism efforts and create and implement targeted activities with associated outcomes.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.acap.2022.10.003

  View details for PubMedID 36216211

• Cross-Sector Approach Expands Screening and Addresses Health-Related Social Needs in Primary Care. Pediatrics Arbour, M. C., Floyd, B., Morton, S., Hampton, P., Sims, J. M., Doyle, S., Atwood, S., Sege, R. 2021

  Abstract

  OBJECTIVES: During infancy, the American Academy of Pediatrics Bright Futures fourth edition health supervision guidelines recommend frequent well-child visits (WCVs) in which providers are expected to screen for and address maternal depression, intimate partner violence (IPV), and health-related social needs (HRSN). We spread an evidence-based approach that implements these recommendations (Developmental Understanding and Legal Collaboration for Everyone; DULCE) with 3 aims for 6-month-old infants and their families: 75% receive all WCVs on time, 95% are screened for 7 HRSNs, and 90% of families with concrete supports needs and 75% of families with maternal depression or IPV receive support.METHODS: Between January 2017 and July 2018, five DULCE teams (including a community health worker, early childhood system representative, legal partner, clinic administrator, pediatric and behavioral health clinicians) from 3 communities in 2 states participated in a learning collaborative. Teams adapted DULCE using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles, reported data, and shared learning monthly. Run charts were used to study measures. The main outcome was the percent of infants that received all WCVs on time.RESULTS: The percentage of families who completed all WCVs on time increased from 46% to 65%. More than 95% of families were screened for HRSNs, 70% had ≥1 positive screen, and 86% and 71% of those received resource information for concrete supports and maternal depression and IPV, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Quality improvement-supported DULCE expansion increased by 50% the proportion of infants receiving all WCVs on time and reliably identified and addressed families' HRSNs, via integration of existing resources.

  View details for DOI 10.1542/peds.2021-050152

  View details for PubMedID 34706903

• Social Care Matters: Do Teams Have What They Need to Succeed? Rhode Island medical journal (2013) Morton, S., Cabral, L., Lynch, E., Floyd, B. 2021; 104 (4): 8–10

  View details for PubMedID 33926150

• Stabilization of glycemic control and improved quality of life using a shared medical appointment model in adolescents with type 1 diabetes in suboptimal control. Pediatric diabetes Floyd, B. D., Block, J. M., Buckingham, B. B., Ly, T., Foster, N., Wright, R., Mueller, C. L., Hood, K. K., Shah, A. C. 2016

  Abstract

  Declining glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) during adolescence persists despite treatment advances. Non-adherence, peer relations, diabetes burnout, risk taking, transition to autonomy, family conflict, and poor quality of life (QOL) are recognized barriers. Shared medical appointments (SMAs) in adolescent T1D may offer benefits, but data are limited. Our objective was to determine whether SMAs, with multi-component interventions utilizing multidisciplinary teams, improve glycemic control and psychosocial outcomes in poorly controlled adolescent T1D.SMAs focused on self-management, communication skills, goal setting, glucose pattern recognition, and peer/diabetes team support. SMAs included: individual history and physical, labs, surveys, multidisciplinary educational ice breakers, group session, and individual wrap up. Outcomes were QOL, adherence, and retrospective and prospective glycemic control. Three to six subjects and families came to 3 SMAs and 1 individual appointment every 3 months over 9 months.A total of 37 English speaking subjects, ages 12-16 yrs, with T1D ≥ 1 year, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 7.5-11% enrolled. Thirty-two subjects attended 75% of visits, meeting inclusion criteria.HbA1c worsened in the 9 months before study (ΔHbA1c= 0.7 ± 1.2; p < 0.01), but remained stable during study (ΔHbA1c = 0.01 ± 1.2; p > 0.05). There were significant improvements in overall QOL (p = 0.005), school function (p = 0.006), psychosocial function (p = 0.008), barriers (p = 0.02), adherence (p = 0.01), and communication (p = 0.02). Improvements in school function and communication reached clinical significance.SMAs are feasible replacements to individual appointments in adolescent T1D, stabilizing glycemic control and improving QOL. Randomized controlled trials with optimizations are needed to further explore and refine this intervention.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/pedi.12373

  View details for PubMedID 26919322

• Effect of Shared Medical Appointments in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes in Poor Control Shah, A. C., Block, J. M., Floyd, B. D., Evans-Behnke, D., Hendry, D., Buckingham, B. A. AMER DIABETES ASSOC. 2014: A327

  View details for Web of Science ID 000359481601580

• Comparative analysis of the efficacy of continuous glucose monitoring and self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Journal of diabetes science and technology Floyd, B., Chandra, P., Hall, S., Phillips, C., Alema-Mensah, E., Strayhorn, G., Ofili, E. O., Umpierrez, G. E. 2012; 6 (5): 1094-1102

  Abstract

  Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have been proven effective in improving hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and in reducing hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). It is not clear, however, if CGM provides further efficacy and safety benefits beyond SMBG in the management of T1DM.MEDLINE (1966-November 2009), COCHRANE REGISTRY (all years), and EMBASE (1980-November 2009), and article bibliographies were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the use of CGM in patients with T1DM, with clinical outcomes, including HbA1c and hypoglycemia and/or hyperglycemia.Fourteen RCTs met eligibility criteria [n = 1188 patients, 97.4% with T1DM, age 29.0 ± 14.3 years, diabetes duration 11.7 ± 7.0 years, and baseline HbA1c 8.3 ± 0.8% (mean ± standard deviation)]. Compared with SMBG, the use of CGM was associated with a greater reduction in HbA1c [-0.3% (confidence interval: 0.4, -0.2), p < .0001]. The number of hypoglycemic events was not significantly different between the CGM and SMBG groups (0.52 ± 0.52 versus 0.52 ± 0.63 events/day, p = .5), but duration of hypoglycemia was shorter for the CGM group (75 ± 39 versus 89 ± 19 min/day), with an incremental reduction of hypoglycemia duration of -15.2 min/day, p < .0001. Continuous glucose monitoring also resulted in a shorter duration of hyperglycemia than SMBG (172 ± 125 versus 217 ± 152 min/day, p = .04).The use of CGM is associated with improvement in metabolic control in T1DM, with significant short- and long-term reductions in HbA1c and reduction in the duration of periods of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia versus SMBG.

  View details for PubMedID 23063035