School of Medicine


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  • Theo Palmer

    Theo Palmer

    Professor of Neurosurgery, Emeritus

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsMembers of the Palmer Lab study the biology of neural stem cells in brain development and in the adult. Our primary goal is to understand how genes and environment synergize in influencing stem cell behavior during development and how mild genetic or environmental risk factors for disease may synergize in their detrimental effects on brain development or in the risk of neuronal loss in age-related degenerative disease.

  • Bianca Palushaj, MD

    Bianca Palushaj, MD

    Clinical Assistant Professor, Adult Neurology

    BioDr. Bianca Palushaj is a board-certified, fellowship-trained neurologist with Stanford Health Care. She is also a Clinical Assistant Professor in the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine.

    Dr. Palushaj specializes in movement disorders, including but not limited to Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian disorders, essential tremor, and dystonia. She has also developed a practice in diagnosing and treating disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), which often occur in individuals with neurodegenerative disease.

    She enjoys caring for the whole person and looks at how all parts of the body are connected. She considers how things like sleep, stress, diet, and daily habits can affect the microbiome, gut, brain, and overall well-being.

    Dr. Palushaj’s research focuses on advancing our understanding and treatment of PD. She has special interest in the gut-brain connection in PD, including the role of the gut microbiome and inflammation in PD. She has also investigated how to measure non-motor PD symptoms, such as gastrointestinal dysfunction, using noninvasive, wearable technologies.

    Dr. Palushaj has published her findings in peer-reviewed journals including Journal of Neurology, NeuroImage, and Cell Reports Methods. She has also written chapters for integrative medicine books on PD and Alzheimer’s disease.

    Dr. Palushaj has presented at international, national, and regional conferences, including the Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease (AD/PD™) Conference and the Parkinson Study Group Annual Meeting. She has also spoken about her research to several PD support groups across Northern California, including PD Active and Parkinson’s Support Group of Sonoma County.

    Dr. Palushaj is a member of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society, and the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. She is also a member of Women in Neurology and Women in Medicine.

  • Carolyn K. Pan, MD

    Carolyn K. Pan, MD

    Clinical Professor, Ophthalmology

    BioDr. Pan is a board-certified ophthalmologist and fellowship-trained vitreoretinal surgeon. She focuses on retinal vascular diseases, macular degeneration, and surgical repair of retinal detachments, macular pathology, and complications from cataract surgery. She has co-authored peer-reviewed articles on topics ranging from optical coherence tomography imaging to embryonic stem cells for macular degeneration.

    In addition to her clinical practice, she is dedicated to the education and training of medical students, residents, and fellows. As recognition of her efforts, she received the Faculty Teaching Award in 2016 from the Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University and was the recipient of the national Women in Ophthalmology Educator Award in 2024. Within the department, she was the Associate Residency Program Director from 2020 to 2023, and currently serves as the Residency Program Director. Her educational efforts also extend beyond the department - since 2016, she has served on the annual meeting planning committee for the American Academy of Ophthalmology and is currently Associate Secretary of the Annual Meeting and Chair of the Special Projects Committee.

    Dr. Pan's clinical practice is mainly based at Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, Stanford's affiliate county hospital, where she is chief of the retina service.

  • Minggui Pan, MD, PhD

    Minggui Pan, MD, PhD

    Clinical Professor, Medicine - Oncology

    BioDr. Pan is a board-certified, fellowship-trained medical oncologist with the Stanford Medicine Cancer Center and a clinical professor in the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology.

    He diagnoses and treats various oncological conditions and specializes in the treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcoma. He creates personalized and comprehensive care plans for each patient he serves.

    Dr. Pan’s research focuses include understanding how genomic alterations impact the biological behavior and prognosis of sarcomas. In his work, he identifies new targets for developing innovative therapeutics for sarcoma treatment.

    Dr. Pan has more than eighty publications and presented many abstracts in several cancer and immunology conferences. His papers have been published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, JCO Precision Oncology, Clinical Cancer Research, Nature Review Clinical Oncology, Nature Nanotechnology, Frontier Endocrinology, JCO Oncology Practice, Journal of Hematology and Oncology, British Journal of Cancer Reports, and other peer-reviewed journals. He has also presented to his peers at international, national, and regional meetings, including the annual meetings of American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), Chinese Society Of Clinical Oncology (CSCO), Connective Tissue Oncology Society (CTOS) and others.

    Dr. Pan is a member of American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Association for Cancer Research, American Association of Immunologists, American Association for Advancement of Science, Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, and Connective Tissue Oncology Society. Dr. Pan is also an adjunct investigator with Kaiser Permanente Division of Research.

  • Danielle Mari Panelli

    Danielle Mari Panelli

    Instructor, Obstetrics & Gynecology - Maternal Fetal Medicine

    BioDr. Danielle Panelli, MD, MS is an Instructor in Maternal–Fetal Medicine in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Stanford University School of Medicine. She completed Ob/Gyn residency training at Harvard (Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Mass General Hospital), and both fellowship training in Maternal–Fetal Medicine and a Masters Degree in Epidemiology and Clinical Research at Stanford.

    Dr. Panelli is a clinician–scientist whose work bridges clinical and translational research to understand how stress and mental health shape pregnancy outcomes and postpartum recovery. Her research program focuses on psychobiologic markers of stress—including telomere dynamics and epigenetic aging—to advance precision medicine approaches for perinatal mental illness and pregnancy complications.

    Clinically, she cares for routine and high-risk obstetric patients and integrates trauma-informed, evidence-based approaches into care delivery. She is committed to mentorship and education, serves as Director of Research for the Maternal–Fetal Medicine Fellowship, and contributes to national leadership and scholarship in perinatal mental health.

  • Anil K. Panigrahi, MD, PhD, FASA

    Anil K. Panigrahi, MD, PhD, FASA

    Clinical Associate Professor, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine
    Clinical Associate Professor (By courtesy), Pathology

    BioDr. Anil Panigrahi is a Clinical Associate Professor in the Departments of Anesthesiology and, by courtesy, Pathology at Stanford University School of Medicine. Dual board-certified in Anesthesiology and Blood Banking/Transfusion Medicine, he maintains active clinical practice in both fields. He serves as Director of Patient Blood Management at Stanford Health Care, Chair of the Stanford Health Care Transfusion Committee, Medical Director of the Anesthesiology Perioperative Anemia Management Clinic, and Assistant Medical Director of the Stanford Health Care Transfusion Service. His academic and clinical leadership focuses on advancing perioperative blood management strategies to optimize outcomes in complex surgical patients.

    A Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Duke University, Dr. Panigrahi received his M.D. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, where he was awarded the John G. Clark Prize for meritorious research. He completed residency training in Anesthesiology and fellowship in Blood Banking/Transfusion Medicine at Stanford University.

    Dr. Panigrahi’s scholarly work spans immunology, transfusion safety, and patient blood management. He has authored numerous peer-reviewed publications, textbook chapters, including for Miller’s Anesthesia and the AABB Technical Manual, and national guidelines. He contributes nationally through service on multiple committees for the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and the Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies (AABB), and he is a frequent invited speaker at national and international meetings, including those of the ASA, AABB, and Society for the Advancement of Patient Blood Management (SABM).

  • Alan C. Pao

    Alan C. Pao

    Associate Professor of Medicine (Nephrology) and, by courtesy, of Urology

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsWe are broadly interested in how the kidneys control salt, water, and electrolyte homeostasis in the body. Our disease focus is on kidney stone disease. We use cultured kidney cells, transgenic mice, human plasma/urine samples, and electronic health record data to study the pathogenesis of kidney stone disease. Our therapeutic focus is on the development of small molecule compounds that can be used for kidney stone prevention.

  • Peter Parham

    Peter Parham

    Professor of Structural Biology and, by courtesy, of Microbiology and Immunology

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsThe Parham laboratory investigates the biology, genetics, and evolution of MHC class I molecules and NK cell receptors.

  • Divya Parikh, MD

    Divya Parikh, MD

    Clinical Assistant Professor, Medicine - Oncology

    BioDr. Divya Parikh is board-certified in both medical oncology and internal medicine. She obtained her medical degree from Boston University School of Medicine and completed both her residency and fellowship through Stanford University. During her fellowship, she simultaneously earned a Master of Science in health policy from Stanford University.

    Dr. Parikh specializes in the care of patients with genitourinary cancers. In addition to her clinical responsibilities, she currently is a clinical assistant professor of medical oncology at Stanford School of Medicine. She mentors medical residents and fellows by sharing her insights, knowledge, and expertise.

    Dr. Parikh has a strong research background. She has published in multiple academic journals and presented her findings through poster and oral presentations at various medical conferences.