Gloria S. Kim
Clinical Associate Professor, Medicine - Cardiovascular Medicine
Bio
Dr. Kim’s focus is on international medicine. She is the Director of Educational Programs at the Stanford Center for Asian Healthcare Research and Education (CARE), and Medical Director of the International Medical Service (IMS) Department of Stanford Health Care. She was appointed to Harvard’s Global Health and Service Advisory Council, a body of individuals, thought leaders and leading Harvard faculty charged with providing a broad, real-world perspective on programs, and identifying new opportunities for growth and enhancement. Dr.Kim is also Chairman of the Chi-Li Pao Foundation USA, as well as a trustee of the Chi-Li Pao Foundation in Hong Kong, organizations committed to supporting educational and healthcare programs for the benefit of mankind. She was the founding Medical Director of the International Travel Medicine Service and was Chief of the Department of Internal Medicine at Hong Kong Adventist Hospital. She was previously a faculty member at UCLA, as well as a honorary and adjunct faculty member at the University of Hong Kong and the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Clinical Focus
- Internal Medicine
Academic Appointments
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Clinical Associate Professor, Medicine - Cardiovascular Medicine
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Member, Cardiovascular Institute
Administrative Appointments
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Director, Educational Programs, Center for Asian Health Research and Education (CARE) (2019 - Present)
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Medical Director, International Medical Services, Stanford Hospital (2011 - Present)
Honors & Awards
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Member, Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society (1983-present)
Boards, Advisory Committees, Professional Organizations
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Advisor, ABC's for Global Health (2022 - Present)
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Faculty Fellow, Center for Innovation in Global Health (CIGH) (2021 - Present)
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Member, Global Health and Service Advisory Council, Harvard Medical School (2020 - Present)
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Trustee, Chi-Li Pao Foundation, Hong Kong (2019 - Present)
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Chairman, Chi-Li Pao Foundation, USA (2018 - Present)
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Fellow, Hong Kong Academy of Medicine (1995 - Present)
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Fellow, Hong Kong College of Physicians (1995 - Present)
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Fellow, American College of Physicians (1992 - Present)
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Diplomate, American Board of Internal Medicine (1986 - Present)
Professional Education
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Chief Medical Resident, UCLA School of Medicine, Internal Medicine
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Medical Resident, UCLA School of Medicine, Internal Medicine
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Medical Intern, UCLA School of Medicine, Internal Medicine
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Doctor of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine
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Bachelor of Science, Stanford University, Chemistry
Community and International Work
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Chi-Li Pao Foundation MPH Fellowship, Hong Kong
Topic
MPH program for Stanford medical students
Partnering Organization(s)
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Location
International
Ongoing Project
Yes
Opportunities for Student Involvement
Yes
Current Research and Scholarly Interests
Medical education
Health services delivery
Management of chronic disease
Patient and physician satisfaction
All Publications
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Feasibility and Acceptability of Universal Adult Screening for Chronic Hepatitis B in Primary Care Clinics.
AJPM focus
2024; 3 (6): 100240
Abstract
Two thirds of Americans infected with chronic hepatitis B are unaware of their infection. In March 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended moving from risk-based to universal adult chronic hepatitis B screening. In April 2022, Stanford implemented chronic hepatitis B universal screening discussion alerts for primary care providers.After 6 months, the authors surveyed 143 primary care providers at 13 Stanford primary care clinics about universal chronic hepatitis B screening acceptability and implementation feasibility. They conducted semistructured interviews with 15 primary care providers and 5 medical assistants around alerts and chronic hepatitis B universal versus risk-based screening.Forty-five percent of surveyed primary care providers responded. A total of 63% reported that universal screening would identify more patients with chronic hepatitis B. Before implementation, 77% ordered 0-5 chronic hepatitis B screenings per month. After implementation, 71% ordered >6 screenings per month. A total of 66% shared that universal screening removed the stigma around discussing high-risk behaviors. Interview themes included (1) low clinical burden, (2) current underscreening of at-risk groups, (3) providers preferring universal screening, (4) patients accepting universal screening, and (5) ease of chronic hepatitis B alert implementation.Consistent with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines, implementing universal chronic hepatitis B screening in primary care clinics in Northern California was feasible, was acceptable to providers and patients, eased health maintenance burdens, and improved clinic workflows.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.focus.2024.100240
View details for PubMedID 39582739
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC11584556
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Opioid overdose deaths are prominent in urban counties within the USA: an observational cross-sectional study.
British journal of anaesthesia
2024
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.bja.2024.07.020
View details for PubMedID 39209699
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Nasopharyngeal cancer mortality in disaggregated Asian and non-Asian Americans.
Head & neck
2024
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) mortality varies based on multiple risk factors. While NPC mortality is higher in Asia, little is known about Asian subgroups in the United States (US).Using the 2005-2020 National Vital Statistics System, we examined NPC mortality by age, race (non-Hispanic black, Hispanic white (HW), non-Hispanic white (NHW), Chinese, Filipino, Asian Indian, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese), sex, and nativity (Untied States or foreign-born).Upon disaggregation, Chinese (1.96 [CI: 1.78-2.16]), Filipino (0.68 [0.68-1.11]), and Vietnamese Americans (0.68 [0.52-1.10]) had the top age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR per 100 000 person-years). Foreign-born Chinese, Vietnamese, Filipinos, Asian Indians, and NHW had higher AAMRs compared to US-born persons. All male groups had higher AAMR compared to females. Stratifying for race, nativity, and sex, foreign-born Chinese males (4.09 [3.79-4.40]) had the highest AAMR.These findings demonstrate the importance of disaggregating NPC mortality data by Asian subgroups, providing valuable insights for targeted public health interventions in the United States.
View details for DOI 10.1002/hed.27857
View details for PubMedID 39022914
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Nasopharyngeal cancer mortality in disaggregated Asian and non-Asian Americans
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2024
View details for Web of Science ID 001275557404830
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Leading causes of death in Vietnamese Americans: An ecological study based on national death records from 2005-2020.
PloS one
2024; 19 (5): e0303195
Abstract
Disaggregated data is a cornerstone of precision health. Vietnamese Americans (VietAms) are the fourth-largest Asian subgroup in the United States (US), and demonstrate a unique burden of disease and mortality. However, most prior studies have aggregated VietAms under the broader Asian American category for analytic purposes. This study examined the leading causes of death among VietAms compared to aggregated Asian Americans and non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) during the period 2005-2020.Decedent data, including underlying cause of death, were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics national mortality file from 2005 to 2020. Population denominator estimates were obtained from the American Community Survey one-year population estimates. Outcome measures included proportional mortality, age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 (AMR), and annual percent change (APC) in mortality over time. Data were stratified by sex and nativity status. Due to large differences in age structure, we report native- and foreign-born VietAms separately.We identified 74,524 VietAm decedents over the study period (71,305 foreign-born, 3,219 native-born). Among foreign-born VietAms, the three leading causes of death were cancer (26.6%), heart disease (18.0%), and cerebrovascular disease (9.0%). Among native-born VietAms the three leading causes were accidents (19.0%), self-harm (12.0%), and cancer (10.4%). For every leading cause of death, VietAms exhibited lower mortality compared to both aggregated Asians and NHWs. Over the course of the study period, VietAms witnessed an increase in mortality in every leading cause. This effect was mostly driven by foreign-born, male VietAms.While VietAms have lower overall mortality from leading causes of death compared to aggregated Asians and NHWs, these advantages have eroded markedly between 2005 and 2020. These data emphasize the importance of racial disaggregation in the reporting of public health measures.
View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0303195
View details for PubMedID 38787829
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COVID-19 pandemic impact on opioid overdose deaths among racial groups within the United States: an observational cross-sectional study.
British journal of anaesthesia
2023
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.bja.2023.10.024
View details for PubMedID 37977954
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Factors associated with HIV Testing within the National Health Interview Survey (2006-2018).
Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities
2023
Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that individuals aged 13-64 test for HIV at least once during their lifetime. However, screening has been disproportionate among racial/ethnic populations. Using the National Health Interview Survey data (2006-2018), we examined HIV screening prevalence within racial/ethnic groups in the United States (US), and factors associated with testing among 301,191 individuals. This consisted of 195,696 White, 42,409 Black, 47,705 Hispanic and 15,381 Asian individuals. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate the association between ever testing for HIV and demographic, socioeconomic and health-related factors. Approximately 36% of White, 61% of Black, 47% of Hispanic and 36% of Asian individuals reported ever testing for HIV. Hispanic (OR = 1.28, 95% CI [1.25-1.32]) and Black individuals (OR = 2.44, 95% CI [2.38-2.50]) had higher odds of HIV testing, whereas Asian individuals (OR = 0.74, 95% CI [0.71-0.77]) had lower odds of HIV testing compared to White individuals. Individuals who identified as males, married, between the ages of 18-26 years or greater than or equal to 50 years were less likely to ever test for HIV compared to their counterparts. Similarly, those with lower education, lower income, better self-reported health, no health professional visits or living in the midwestern US were less likely to ever test for HIV compared to their counterparts (OR range: 0.14-0.92). Understanding the factors associated with HIV testing opens opportunities to increase testing rates for all and reduce health disparities in HIV detection.
View details for DOI 10.1007/s40615-023-01728-w
View details for PubMedID 37526879
View details for PubMedCentralID 6994319
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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIV TESTING AMONG ASIAN-AMERICANS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY
SPRINGER. 2023: S180
View details for Web of Science ID 001043057200245
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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIV-TESTING IN THE US POPULATION OVERALL AND BY RACE/ETHNICITY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2006-2018 NATIONAL HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY
SPRINGER. 2023: S180-S181
View details for Web of Science ID 001043057200246
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A QUALITATIVE EVALUATION OF A UNIVERSAL HEPATITIS B SCREENING ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD REMINDER TOOL AT AN ACADEMIC PRIMARY CARE NETWORK
SPRINGER. 2023: S329
View details for Web of Science ID 001043057201121
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Why Are We Going Backward? Barriers to Disaggregated Racial Information in Federal Data Sets.
American journal of public health
2023: e1-e4
View details for DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2023.307339
View details for PubMedID 37319392
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Toward precision sleep medicine: variations in sleep outcomes among disaggregated Asian Americans in the National Health Interview Survey (2006-2018).
Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine
2023
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Asian Americans (AAs) report higher rates of insufficient sleep than non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). It is unclear how sleep outcomes differ among disaggregated Asian subgroups.METHODS: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) (2006-2018) was used to analyze self-reported sleep duration and quality measures for AA subgroups (Chinese [n=11,056], Asian Indian [n=11,249], Filipino [n = 13,211], and other Asians [n = 21,767]). Outcomes included hours of sleep per day, the number of days reporting trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, waking up rested, and taking sleep medication in the past week. Subsetted multivariate logistic regression was used to assess factors impacting sleep outcomes by ethnicity.RESULTS: 29.2% of NHWs, 26.4% of Chinese, 24.5% of Asian Indians, and 38.4% of Filipinos reported insufficient sleep duration. Filipinos were less likely to report sufficient sleep duration (OR 0.58, [CI95% 0.53-0.63]) and more likely to report trouble falling asleep (1.19, [1.04-1.36]) than NHWs. Chinese and Asian Indians had less trouble staying asleep ((0.66, [0.57-0.76]), (0.50, [0.43-0.58])) and falling asleep ((0.77, [0.67-0.90]), (0.71, [0.61-0.81]) than NHWs, and Asian Indians were more likely to wake feeling well rested (1.71, [1.51-1.92]). All Asian subgroups were less likely to report using sleep medications than NHWs. Foreign-born status had a negative association with sufficient sleep duration in Filipinos, but a positive association in Asian Indians and Chinese.CONCLUSIONS: Filipinos report the highest burden of poor sleep outcomes and Asian Indians report significantly better sleep outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of disaggregating Asian ethnic subgroups to address their health needs.
View details for DOI 10.5664/jcsm.10558
View details for PubMedID 36883375
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Disparities and Trends in Routine Adult Vaccination Rates Among Disaggregated Asian American Subgroups, National Health Interview Survey 2006-2018.
AJPM focus
2023; 2 (1): 100044
Abstract
Vaccination rates may be improved through culturally tailored messages, but little is known about them among disaggregated Asian American subgroups. We assessed the vaccination rates for key vaccines among these subgroups.Using the National Health Interview Survey, we analyzed recent vaccination rates (2015-2018, n=188,250) and trends (2006-2018) among Asians (Chinese [n=3,165], Asian Indian [n=3,525], Filipino [n=3,656], other Asian [n=5,819]) and non-Hispanic White adults (n=172,085) for 6 vaccines (the human papillomavirus, hepatitis B, pneumococcal, influenza, tetanus-diphtheria [tetanus], and shingles vaccines). We controlled demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related variables in multivariable logistic regression and predicted marginal modeling analyses. We also computed vaccination rates among Asian American subgroups on the 2015-2018 National Health Interview Survey data stratified by foreign-born and U.S.-born status. We used Joinpoint regression to analyze trends in vaccination rates. All analyses were conducted in 2021 and 2022.Among Asians, shingles (29.2%; 95% CI=26.6, 32.0), tetanus (53.7%; 95% CI=51.8, 55.6), and pneumococcal (53.8%; 95% CI=50.1, 57.4) vaccination rates were lower than among non-Hispanic Whites. Influenza (47.9%; 95% CI=46.2, 49.6) and hepatitis B (40.5%; 95% CI=39.0, 42.7) vaccination rates were similar or higher than among non-Hispanic Whites (48.4%; 95% CI=47.9, 48.9 and 30.7%; 95% CI=30.1, 31.3, respectively). Among Asians, we found substantial variations in vaccination rates and trends. For example, Asian Indian women had lower human papillomavirus vaccination rates (12.9%; 95% CI=9.1, 18.0) than all other Asian subgroups (Chinese: 37.9%; 95% CI=31.1, 45.2; Filipinos: 38.7%; 95% CI=29.9, 48.3; other Asians: 30.4%; 95% CI=24.8, 36.7) and non-Hispanic Whites (36.1%; 95% CI=34.8, 37.5). Being male, having lower educational attainment and income, having no health insurance or covered by public health insurance only, and lower frequency of doctor visits were generally associated with lower vaccine uptakes. Foreign-born Asian aggregate had lower vaccination rates than U.S.-born Asian aggregate for all vaccines except for influenza. We also found subgroup-level differences in vaccination rates between foreign-born and U.S.-born Asians. We found that (1) foreign-born Chinese, Asian Indians, and other Asians had lower human papillomavirus and hepatitis B vaccination rates; (2) foreign-born Chinese and Filipinos had lower pneumococcal vaccination rates; (3) foreign-born Chinese and Asian Indians had lower influenza vaccination rates; and (4) all foreign-born Asian subgroups had lower tetanus vaccination rates.Vaccination rates and trends differed among Asian American subgroups. Culturally tailored messaging and interventions may improve vaccine uptakes.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.focus.2022.100044
View details for PubMedID 37789943
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC10546520
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Vaccination patterns, disparities, and policy among Asian-Americans and Asians living in the USA.
The Lancet. Global health
2022; 10 Suppl 1: S27
Abstract
Although Asian-American individuals have higher rates of some vaccine-preventable diseases such as hepatitis B, vaccination rates among them are low compared with those of non-Hispanic White individuals. Most vaccine research looks at Asian-American people as a single category despite large within-group heterogeneity in health-seeking behaviours. Little is known about vaccination coverage among disaggregated Asian-American ethnic subgroups, although such information could inform policies focused on increasing vaccine uptake. Therefore, we aimed to assess vaccination coverage for several vaccines among disaggregated Asian-American subgroups.We examined National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data from 2015-18 to analyse the vaccination status of Chinese, Asian Indian, Filipino, other Asian, and non-Hispanic White adults (n=253 626) for seven vaccines recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B (HBV), influenza, tetanus, tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (Tdap), shingles, and the pneumococcal vaccine. We used NHIS data from 2006-18 (n=880 210) to analyse changes in vaccination rates for each ethnic group over time. We used logistic regression to estimate differences in vaccination rates while controlling for demographic, socioeconomic and health-related variables.Among the seven vaccines, HPV and shingles vaccines had the lowest uptake, whereas Tdap had the highest uptake among all groups. Compared with the non-Hispanic White group, Asian Indians were almost half as likely to receive the HPV vaccine (odds ratio 0·61, 95% CI 0·41-0·92), whereas Filipinos (1·51, 1·02-2·25) and other Asians (1·42, 1·02-1·97) were more likely to receive it. The Filipino (1·50, 1·21-1·88) and other Asian groups (1·42, 1·19-1·71) were more likely to receive the HBV vaccine than the non-Hispanic White group. For the influenza vaccine, the Asian Indian (1·28, 1·05-1·56), Filipino (1·44, 1·17-1·79) and other Asian (1·38, 1·16-1·65) groups were more likely to receive the vaccine than the non-Hispanic White group. For the pneumococcal vaccine, the Chinese (0·57, 0·34-0·94) and other Asian (0·66, 0·47-0·92) groups were less likely to receive the vaccine than the non-Hispanic White group.Among US adults, we found significant disparities in vaccine uptake among different Asian and Asian-American ethnic groups. US policy makers trying to improve vaccine uptake among Asian and Asian-American people could learn from successful international immunisation programmes to develop culturally appropriate interventions to improve vaccine uptake in Asian and Asian-American individuals.None.
View details for DOI 10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00156-5
View details for PubMedID 35362432
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Vaccination patterns, disparities, and policy among Asian-Americans and Asians living in the USA
ELSEVIER SCI LTD. 2022: 27
View details for Web of Science ID 000779259700028
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Precision Public Health Matters: An International Assessment of Communication, Preparedness, and Coordination for Successful COVID-19 Responses.
American journal of public health
2021; 111 (3): 392–94
View details for DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2020.306129
View details for PubMedID 33566659
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Shifting our stance for current COVID-19 outbreaks: A global response to an international pandemic
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH
2021; 11
View details for DOI 10.7189/jogh.11.03123
View details for Web of Science ID 000731629200001
- Scuba Diving The Hong Kong Medical Diary 2009; 14 (9)
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Western impressions of the Hong Kong health care system
WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
1996; 165 (1-2): 37–42
Abstract
Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia are initiating health care reform to meet the changing demands of populations with improved socioeconomic status and access to modern technologies and who are living longer than in previous generations. Hong Kong, in particular, is facing a unique set of circumstances as its people prepare for the transition in 1997 from a British colony to a Special Administrative Region of China. While spending only 4% of its gross domestic product on health care, it has a large and regulated public hospital system for most inpatient medical care and a separate, loosely regulated private health care system for most outpatient medical care. In 1993 the Secretary for Health and Welfare of Hong Kong initiated a year-long process to debate the pros and cons of 5 fundamental programs for health care reform. After a year of open consultation, options were chosen. We describe the Hong Kong health care system, the fundamental changes that have been adopted, and lessons for reformers in the United States.
View details for Web of Science ID A1996VG80200005
View details for PubMedID 8855683
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC1307539
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Doctor-shopping in Hong Kong: implications for quality of care.
International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care
1994; 6 (4): 371-81
Abstract
Doctor-shopping is defined as the changing of doctors without professional referral in the same illness episode. Two surveys on samples of patients attending Government Out-Patient Departments (GOPDs) in Hong Kong in 1989 (n = 869) and 1990 (n = 901) estimated the prevalence of shopping at nearly 40%, the main reason being a persistence of symptoms. Doctor-shoppers were likely to be younger with higher expectations of health care and who expressed dissatisfaction about aspects of the present service. In Hong Kong, patients perceive western medicine to be more effective and have high expectations of the effects of western drugs, in particular, in their administration by injection. Patients should be warned about iatrogenic health risks incurred from doctor-shopping; health education programmes are needed to modify unrealistic views about quality care. Health care providers in a mixed care system should promote greater continuity of care between doctors and both the public and private sectors, and identify and resolve problems which may be responsible for discontinuity of care.
View details for DOI 10.1093/intqhc/6.4.371
View details for PubMedID 7719673
- The Future Role Of Specially-Trained Nurses In The Delivery Of Primary Health Care In Hong Kong Hong Kong Practitioner 1994; 14 (1): 1-10
- Preventive health measures and counseling in the government outpatient department clinics Hong Kong Practitioner 1991; 13 (12): 1838-1853
- The health and health care choices of women in Hong Kong Hong Kong Practitioner 1991; 13 (10): 1714-1728