Herbert Clark

All Publications

• On depicting social agents. The Behavioral and brain sciences Clark, H. H., Fischer, K. 2023; 46: e51

  Abstract

  We take up issues raised in the commentaries about our proposal that social robots are depictions of social agents. Among these issues are the realism of social agents, experiencing robots, communicating with robots, anthropomorphism, and attributing traits to robots. We end with comments about the future of social robots.

  View details for DOI 10.1017/S0140525X22002825

  View details for PubMedID 37017069

• Social robots as depictions of social agents. The Behavioral and brain sciences Clark, H. H., Fischer, K. 2022: 1-33

  Abstract

  Social robots serve people as tutors, caretakers, receptionists, companions, and other social agents. People know that the robots are mechanical artifacts, yet they interact with them as if they were actual agents. How is this possible? The proposal here is that people construe social robots not as social agents per se, but as depictions of social agents. They interpret them much as they interpret ventriloquist dummies, hand puppets, virtual assistants, and other interactive depictions of people and animals. Depictions as a class consist of three physical scenes with part-by-part mappings between them: (a) a base scene (the raw physical artifact), (b) the depiction proper (the artifact construed as a depiction), and (c) the scene depicted (the scene people are to imagine). With social robots, evidence shows, people form the same three scenes plus mappings: They perceive the raw machinery of a robot, construe it as a depiction of a character, and, using the depiction as a guide, engage in the pretense that they are interacting with the character depicted. So, with social robots, people also recognize three classes of agents-the characters depicted, the intended recipients of the depictions (those who view or interact with the robots), and the authorities responsible for the robots (the designers, makers, and owners). Construing social robots as depictions, we argue, accounts for many phenomena not covered by alternative models.

  View details for DOI 10.1017/S0140525X22000668

  View details for PubMedID 35343422

• Anchoring Utterances. Topics in cognitive science Clark, H. H. 2020

  Abstract

  For people to communicate with each other, they must tie, or anchor, each of their utterances to the speaker, addressees, place, time, display, and purpose of that utterance. Doing this takes coordination. Producers must index each of these entities for their addressees, and addressees must identify each of the entities the producers are indexing. When people are face to face, they have a battery of resources for doing this-speech, gestures of all kinds, and interactive strategies. But when addressees are separated from producers in space, time, or worlds, as on the telephone or in print, the available resources are more limited. The problem is that research on comprehension, production, and communication has often ignored, disguised, or distorted anchoring. As a result, accounts of these processes are often incomplete, misleading, or incorrect.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/tops.12496

  View details for PubMedID 32202068

• Depicting in Communication HUMAN LANGUAGE: FROM GENES AND BRAINS TO BEHAVIOR Clark, H. H., Hagoort, P. 2019: 235–47

  View details for Web of Science ID 000552895700017

• Depicting as a method of communication. Psychological review Clark, H. H. 2016; 123 (3): 324-47

  Abstract

  In everyday discourse, people describe and point at things, but they also depict things with their hands, arms, head, face, eyes, voice, and body, with and without props. Examples are iconic gestures, facial gestures, quotations of many kinds, full-scale demonstrations, and make-believe play. Depicting, it is argued, is a basic method of communication. It is on a par with describing and pointing, but it works by different principles. The proposal here, called staging theory, is that depictions are physical scenes that people stage for others to use in imagining the scenes they are depicting. Staging a scene is the same type of act that is used by children in make-believe play and by the cast and crew in stage plays. This theory accounts for a diverse set of features of everyday depictions. Although depictions are integral parts of everyday utterances, they are absent from standard models of language processing. To be complete, these models will have to account for depicting as well as describing and pointing.

  View details for DOI 10.1037/rev0000026

  View details for PubMedID 26855255

• Imagination in narrative discourse Handbook of discourse analysis Clark, H. H., Van Der Wege, M. M. edited by Schiffrin, D., Tannen, D., Hamilton, H. E. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 2014; 2nd: 772–786
• How to talk with children Language in interaction: Studies in honor or Eve V. Clark Clark, H. H., Casillas, M. edited by Arnon, I., Kurumada, C., Estigarribia, B. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 2014
• Working together Oxford Handbook of Language and Social Psychology Clark, H. H., Henetz, T. edited by Holtgraves, T. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2014
• On the pretense theory of irony Irony in language and thought: A cognitive science reader Clark, H. H., Gerrig, R. J. edited by Gibbs, R. W., Colston, H. London: Routledge. 2007
• Social actions, social commitments Roots of human sociality: Culture, cognition, and human interaction Clark, H. H. edited by Levinson, S. C., Enfield, N. J. Oxford: Berg Press. 2006: 126–150
• Coordinating with each other in a material world 10th Annual Conferece on Language, Interaction and Culture Clark, H. H. SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. 2005: 507–25

  View details for DOI 10.1177/1461445605054404

  View details for Web of Science ID 000232735600006

• Speaking while monitoring addressees for understanding JOURNAL OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE Clark, H. H., Krych, M. A. 2004; 50 (1): 62-81

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jml.2003.08.004

  View details for Web of Science ID 000187570800004

• Pragmatics of language performance Handbook of pragmatics Clark, H. H. edited by Horn, L. R., Ward, G. Oxford: Blackwell. 2004: 365–382
• Pointing and placing Pointing. Where language, culture, and cognition meet Clark, H. H. edited by Kita, S. Hillsdale NJ: Erlbaum. 2003: 243–268
• Using uh and um in spontaneous speaking COGNITION Clark, H. H., Tree, J. E. 2002; 84 (1): 73-111

  Abstract

  The proposal examined here is that speakers use uh and um to announce that they are initiating what they expect to be a minor (uh), or major (um), delay in speaking. Speakers can use these announcements in turn to implicate, for example, that they are searching for a word, are deciding what to say next, want to keep the floor, or want to cede the floor. Evidence for the proposal comes from several large corpora of spontaneous speech. The evidence shows that speakers monitor their speech plans for upcoming delays worthy of comment. When they discover such a delay, they formulate where and how to suspend speaking, which item to produce (uh or um), whether to attach it as a clitic onto the previous word (as in "and-uh"), and whether to prolong it. The argument is that uh and um are conventional English words, and speakers plan for, formulate, and produce them just as they would any word.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000175548600003

  View details for PubMedID 12062148

• Definite reference and mutual knowledge Psycholinguistics: Critical concepts in psychology. Marshall, C. R., Clark, H. H. edited by Altmann, G. T. London: Routledge.. 2002
• Speaking in time ESCA Workshop on Dialogue and Prosody Clark, H. H. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2002: 5–13

  View details for Web of Science ID 000173458300002

• Repeating words in spontaneous speech COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Clark, H. H., Wasow, T. 1998; 37 (3): 201-242

  Abstract

  Speakers often repeat the first word of major constituents, as in, "I uh I wouldn't be surprised at that." Repeats like this divide into four stages: an initial commitment to the constituent (with "I"); the suspension of speech; a hiatus in speaking (filled with "uh"); and a restart of the constituent ("I wouldn't."). An analysis of all repeated articles and pronouns in two large corpora of spontaneous speech shows that the four stages reflect different principles. Speakers are more likely to make a premature commitment, immediately suspending their speech, as both the local constituent and the constituent containing it become more complex. They plan some of these suspensions from the start as preliminary commitments to what they are about to say. And they are more likely to restart a constituent the more their stopping has disrupted its delivery. We argue that the principles governing these stages are general and not specific to repeats.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000077736900001

  View details for PubMedID 9892548

• Communal lexicons Context in language learning and language understanding Clark, H. H. edited by Malmkjaer, K., Williams, J. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.. 1998: 63–87
• Responding to indirect speech acts Pragmatics: Critical concepts Clark, H. H., Marshall, C. R. edited by Kasher, A. London: Routledge. 1998: 99–147
• Pronouncing ''the'' as ''thee'' to signal problems in speaking COGNITION Fox Tree, J. E., Clark, H. H. 1997; 62 (2): 151-167

  Abstract

  In spontaneous speaking, the is normally pronounced as thuh, with the reduced vowel schwa (rhyming with the first syllable of about). But it is sometimes pronounced as thiy, with a nonreduced vowel (rhyming with see). In a large corpus of spontaneous English conversation, speakers were found to use thiy to signal an immediate suspension of speech to deal with a problem in production. Fully 81% of the instances of thiy in the corpus were followed by a suspension of speech, whereas only 7% of a matched sample of thuhs were followed by such suspensions. The problems people dealt with after thiy were at many levels of production, including articulation. word retrieval, and choice of message, but most were in the following nominal.

  View details for Web of Science ID A1997WV08900002

  View details for PubMedID 9141905

• Conceptual pacts and lexical choice in conversation JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION Brennan, S. E., Clark, H. H. 1996; 22 (6): 1482-1493

  Abstract

  When people in conversation refer repeatedly to the same object, they come to use the same terms. This phenomenon, called lexical entrainment, has several possible explanations. Ahistorical accounts appeal only to the informativeness and availability of terms and to the current salience of the object's features. Historical accounts appeal in addition to the recency and frequency of past references and to partner-specific conceptualizations of the object that people achieve interactively. Evidence from 3 experiments favors a historical account and suggests that when speakers refer to an object, they are proposing a conceptualization of it, a proposal their addresses may or may not agree to. Once they do establish a shared conceptualization, a conceptual pact, they appeal to it in later references even when they could use simpler references. Over time, speakers simplify conceptual pacts and, when necessary, abandon them for new conceptualizations.

  View details for Web of Science ID A1996VR35200010

  View details for PubMedID 8921603

• Managing problems in speaking Methods and metrics of voice communications. Clark, H. H. edited by Kanki, B. G., Prinzo, O. V. Washington, D. C.: U.S. Department of Transportation: Federal Aviation Administration. 1996
• Using language Clark, H. H. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1996
• Discourse in production Handbook of psycholinguistics Clark, H. H. edited by Gernsbacher, M. A. San Diego: Academic Press. 1994
• ON THE COURSE OF ANSWERING QUESTIONS JOURNAL OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE Smith, V. L., Clark, H. H. 1993; 32 (1): 25-38

  View details for Web of Science ID A1993KK77600002

• Arenas of language use Clark, H. H. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1992
• Asking questions and influencing answers Questions about questions: Inquiries into the cognitive bases of surveys Clark, H. H., Schober, M. F. edited by Tanur, J. M. New York: Russell Sage. 1992
• Words, the world, and their possibilities The perception of structure Clark, H. H. edited by Lockhead, G., Pomerantz, J. Washington, DC: APA. 1991: 263–277
• Responding to indirect speech acts Pragmatics: A reader. Clark, H. H., Marshall, C. R. edited by Davis, S. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1991
• QUOTATIONS AS DEMONSTRATIONS LANGUAGE Clark, H. H., Gerrig, R. J. 1990; 66 (4): 764-805

  View details for Web of Science ID A1990EU81500004

• OSTENSIBLE INVITATIONS LANGUAGE IN SOCIETY ISAACS, E. A., Clark, H. H. 1990; 19 (4): 493-509

  View details for Web of Science ID A1990ET47500002

• Referring as a collaborative process Intentions in Communication Clarks, H. H., Wilkes-­‐Gibbs, D. edited by Cohen, P. R., Morgan, J. L., Pollack, M. E. Cambridge: MIT Press. 1990
• CONTRIBUTING TO DISCOURSE COGNITIVE SCIENCE Clark, H. H., Schaefer, E. F. 1989; 13 (2): 259-294

  View details for Web of Science ID A1989AR66500007

• UNDERSTANDING BY ADDRESSEES AND OVERHEARERS COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Schober, M. F., Clark, H. H. 1989; 21 (2): 211-232

  View details for Web of Science ID A1989U236200004

• Interpreting words in spatial descriptions Language and Cognitive Processes Morrow, D. G., Clark, H. H. 1988; 3: 275-292
• CONCEALING ONES MEANING FROM OVERHEARERS JOURNAL OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE Clark, H. H., Schaefer, E. F. 1987; 26 (2): 209-225

  View details for Web of Science ID A1987G798600005

• REFERENCES IN CONVERSATION BETWEEN EXPERTS AND NOVICES JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL ISAACS, E. A., Clark, H. H. 1987; 116 (1): 26-37

  View details for Web of Science ID A1987G064600002

• References in conversations between experts and novices. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Isaacs, E. A., Clark, H. H. 1987; 116: 26-37
• REFERRING AS A COLLABORATIVE PROCESS COGNITION Clark, H. H., WilkesGibbs, D. 1986; 22 (1): 1-39

  View details for Web of Science ID A1986C262700001

  View details for PubMedID 3709088

• Language use and language users Handbook of social psychology Clark, H. H. edited by Lindzey, G., Aronson, E. New York: Harper and Row. 1985; 3rd: 179–231
• HOW TO MAKE REQUESTS THAT OVERCOME OBSTACLES TO COMPLIANCE JOURNAL OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE FRANCIK, E. P., Clark, H. H. 1985; 24 (5): 560-568

  View details for Web of Science ID A1985ARK4800005

• Making sense of nonce sense The process of language understanding Clark, H. H. edited by Flores d’Arcais, G. B., Jarvella, R. J. London: Wiley. 1983: 297–331
• COMMON GROUND AND THE UNDERSTANDING OF DEMONSTRATIVE REFERENCE JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR Clark, H. H., Schreuder, R., BUTTRICK, S. 1983; 22 (2): 245-258

  View details for Web of Science ID A1983QK07400009

• UNDERSTANDING OLD WORDS WITH NEW MEANINGS JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR Clark, H. H., Gerrig, R. J. 1983; 22 (5): 591-608

  View details for Web of Science ID A1983RM57400008

• HEARERS AND SPEECH ACTS LANGUAGE Clark, H. H., CARLSON, T. B. 1982; 58 (2): 332-373

  View details for Web of Science ID A1982NX04900004

• Definite reference and mutual knowledge Elements of discourse understanding Clark, H. H., Marshall, C. R. edited by Joshi, A. K., Webber, B., Sag, I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1981: 10–63
• Context for comprehension Attention and performance IX Clark, H. H., Carlson, T. B. edited by Long, J., Baddeley, A. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.. 1981: 313–330
• TELEPHONE GOODBYES LANGUAGE IN SOCIETY Clark, H. H., French, J. W. 1981; 10 (1): 1-19

  View details for Web of Science ID A1981LY03700001

• WHEN NOUNS SURFACE AS VERBS LANGUAGE Clark, E. V., Clark, H. H. 1979; 55 (4): 767-811

  View details for Web of Science ID A1979JC77700001

• RESPONDING TO INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Clark, H. H. 1979; 11 (4): 430-477

  View details for Web of Science ID A1979HN80500003

• Reference diaries Theoretical issues in natural language processing Clark, H. H., Marshall, C. R. edited by Waltz, D. L. New York: Association for Computing Machinery. 1978: 57–63
• Psychology and language: An introduction to psycholinguistics. Clark, H. H., Clark, E. V. 1977
• Bridging. Thinking Clark, H. H. edited by Johnson-­‐Laird, P. N., Wason, P. C. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1977: 711–420
• Comprehension and the given-­‐new contract Discourse production and comprehension Clark, H. H., Haviland, S. E. edited by Freedle, R. O. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. 1977: 1–40
• Linguistic processes in deductive reasoning. Thinking Clark, H. H. edited by Johnson-­‐Laird, P. N., Wason, P. C. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1977: 98–113
• POSITION, DIRECTION, AND THEIR PERCEPTUAL INTEGRALITY PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS Clark, H. H., BROWNELL, H. H. 1976; 19 (4): 328-334

  View details for Web of Science ID A1976BR22200008

• LOCUS OF SEMANTIC CONGRUITY EFFECT IN COMPARATIVE JUDGMENTS JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE BANKS, W. P., Clark, H. H., LUCY, P. 1975; 104 (1): 35-47

  View details for Web of Science ID A1975V750900003

• JUDGING UP AND DOWN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE Clark, H. H., BROWNELL, H. H. 1975; 1 (4): 339-352

  Abstract

  In Experiment I subjects were asked to judge whether an arrow was pointing up or pointing down at various heights inside a surrounding rectangle. They were faster on an arrow pointing up the higher it was in the rectangle, and they were faster on an arrow pointing down the lower it was in the rectangle. Experiments 2, 3, and 4 were designed to test sources for this"congruity effect." The intrusive height information for each arrow was assumed to facilitate or interfere with (a) the activation of the correct motor response; (b) the maintenance of the implicit instruction "Is it pointing up, or is it pointing down?"; or (c) the selection of the criterial perceptual information as a basis for the response. All three experiments were consistent with c, but not with a or b. Indeed, the results contrasted with previous demonstrations of the Stroop effect in certain critical features.

  View details for Web of Science ID A1975AU28100004

  View details for PubMedID 1185121

• Semantics and comprehension Clark, H. H. The Hague: Mouton. 1975
• UNDERSTANDING WHAT IS MEANT FROM WHAT IS SAID - STUDY IN CONVERSATIONALLY CONVEYED REQUESTS JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR Clark, H. H., LUCY, P. 1975; 14 (1): 56-72

  View details for Web of Science ID A1975V709100005

• Bridging. Theoretical issues in natural language processing. Clark, H. H. edited by Schank, R. C., Nash-Webber, B. L. New York: Association for Computing Machinery.. 1975
• What’s new? Acquiring new information as a process in comprehension Psycholinguistics: Critical concepts in psychology Clark, H. H. edited by Altmann, G. M. London: Routledge. 1974
• WHATS NEW - ACQUIRING NEW INFORMATION AS A PROCESS IN COMPREHENSION JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR HAVILAND, S. E., Clark, H. H. 1974; 13 (5): 512-521

  View details for Web of Science ID A1974U243100003

• LANGUAGE AS FIXED-EFFECT FALLACY - CRITIQUE OF LANGUAGE STATISTICS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR Clark, H. H. 1973; 12 (4): 335-359

  View details for Web of Science ID A1973Q627600001

• Space, time, semantics, and the child Cognitive development and the acquisition of language Clark, H. H. edited by Moore, T. New York: Academic Press. 1973: 27–63
• And and or, or the comprehension of pseudoimperatives. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior Springston, F. J., Clark, H. H. 1973; 12: 258-272
• On the meeting of semantics and perception Visual information processing Clark, H. H., Carpenter, P. A., Just, M. A. edited by Chase, W. G. New York: Academic Press. 1973: 311–381
• Mental operations in the comparison of sentences and pictures Cognition in learning and memory Chase, G. W., Clark, H. H. edited by Gregg, L. New York: Wiley. 1972: 205–232
• PROCESS OF COMPARING SENTENCES AGAINST PICTURES COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Clark, H. H., CHASE, W. G. 1972; 3 (3): 472-517

  View details for Web of Science ID A1972M981700007

• The semantics of sentence subjects. Language and speech Clark, H. H., BEGUN, J. S. 1971; 14 (1): 34-46

  View details for PubMedID 5580469

• Experiments on the segmentation of an artificial speech analogue Cognition and the development of language Hayes, J. R., Clark, H. H. edited by Hayes, J. R. New York: Wiley. 1970: 221–234
• Word associations and linguistic theory New horizons in linguistics Clark, H. H. edited by Lyons, J. Baltimore: Penguin. 1970: 271–286
• LINGUISTIC PROCESSES IN DEDUCTIVE REASONING PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW Clark, H. H. 1969; 76 (4): 387-?

  View details for Web of Science ID A1969D785000005

• INFLUENCE OF LANGUAGE ON SOLVING 3-TERM SERIES PROBLEMS JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Clark, H. H. 1969; 82 (2): 205-?

  View details for Web of Science ID A1969E712800003

  View details for PubMedID 5379099

• SEMANTIC DISTINCTIONS AND MEMORY FOR COMPLEX SENTENCES QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Clark, H. H., Clark, E. V. 1968; 20: 129-?

  View details for Web of Science ID A1968B216600005

  View details for PubMedID 5653416

• PREDICTION OF RECALL PATTERNS IN SIMPLE ACTIVE SENTENCES JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR Clark, H. H. 1966; 5 (2): 99-?

  View details for Web of Science ID A19667807600001

• SOME STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES OF SIMPLE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR Clark, H. H. 1965; 4 (5): 365-370

  View details for Web of Science ID A1965CHJ5000005

• Spontaneous discourse Oxford Handbook of Language Production Clark, H. H. edited by Ferreira, V., Goldrick, M., Miazzo, M. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2013
• Spoken discourse and its emergence Cambridge handbook of psycholinguistics Clark, H. H. edited by Spivey, M. J., McRae, K., Joanisse, M. F. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.. 2012: 541–557
• Unspoken questions, unspoken answers Questions: Formal, functional and interactional perspectives Clark, H. H. edited by Ruiter, J. d. 2012: 81–100
• Talking as if. Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE international conference on Human Robot Interaction Clark, H. H. 2008
• Context and common ground Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics 2nd Edition. Clark, H. H. Oxford: Elsevier.. 2006
• Pauses and hesitations: Psycholinguistic approach Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics 2nd Edition Clark, H. H. Oxford: Elsevier. 2006
• Changing conceptions of reference Experimental pragmatics. Clark, H. H., Bamngerter, A. edited by Noveck, I., Sperber, D. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan. 2004: 25–49
• Navigating joint projects in telephone conversations 13th Annual Winter Conference on Discourse, Text and Cognition Bangerter, A., Clark, H. H., Katz, A. R. LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS. 2004: 1–23

  View details for Web of Science ID 000220042000001

• Variations on a ranarian theme Relating events in narrative: Typological and contextual perspectives Clark, H. H. edited by Strömqvist, S., Verhoeven, L. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 2004: 457–476
• Navigating joint projects with dialogue COGNITIVE SCIENCE Bangerter, A., Clark, H. H. 2003; 27 (2): 195-225

  View details for Web of Science ID 000182309500002

• Language production. Oxford International Encyclopedia of Linguistics 2nd edition Clark, H. H. edited by Frawley, W. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2003
• When nouns surface as verbs Critical concepts in linguistics Clark, E. V., Clark, H. H. edited by Katamba, F. London: Routledge. 2003: 128–183
• Psycholinguistics Stevens’ Handbook of Experimental Psychology, Third Edition: Cognition Clark, H. H., Wege, M. V. edited by Medin, D. L. New York: John Wiley.. 2002: 209–259
• Conversation, structure of Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science Clark, H. H. edited by Nadel, L. Basingstoke, England: Macmillan. 2002
• Imagination in discourse Handbook of discourse analysis Clark, H. H., Wege, M. D. edited by Schiffrin, D., Tannen, D., Hamilton, H. E. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 2001
• Conversation International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences. Clark, H. H. edited by Smelser, N. J., Baltes, P. B. London: Elsevier. 2001
• Preface Samenhang in diversiteit: Opstellen voor Leo Noordman Clark, H. H. Tilburg NL: Katholieke Universiteit Brabant. 2000
• O uso da linguagem Cadernos de Traduçao, Clark, H. H. 2000; 9: 49-74
• Everyone can write better (and you are no exception). Social Psychology of Gender, Race, and Ethnicity Clark, H. H. edited by Keough, K. A., Garcia, J. New York: McGraw-­‐Hill.. 2000
• On the origins of conversation Verbum Clark, H. H. 1999; 21: 147-161
• How do real people communicate with virtual partners? Proceedings of 1999 AAAI Fall Symposium, Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative Systems Clark, H. H. 1999
• Passing time in conversation Proceedings of the workshop on the structure of spoken and written texts Clark, H. H. 1999
• Speaking in time. Proceedings of the ESCA workshop on dialogue and prosody Clark, H. H. 1999
• Psycholinguistics. MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences Clark, H. H. MIT Press.. 1999
• Psycholinguistics. MIT Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science Clark, H. H. MIT Press.. 1998
• Coordinating hands, eyes, and voice 19th Annual Conference of the Cognitive-Science-Society Krych, M., Clark, H. H. LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL. 1997: 975–975

  View details for Web of Science ID 000168551500270

• Dogmas of understanding DISCOURSE PROCESSES Clark, H. H. 1997; 23 (3): 567-598

  View details for Web of Science ID A1997YC69300013

• From comprehension to understanding Advanced psycholinguistics: A Bressanone retrospective for Giovanni B. Flores d’Arcais Clark, H. H. edited by Levelt, W. J. Nijmegen: Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. 1996
• Communities, commonalities, and communication Rethinking linguistic relativity Clark, H. H. edited by Gumperz, J., Levinson, S. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1996: 324–355
• Pragmatics and discourse Handbook of Perception and Cognition Clark, H. H., Bly, B. edited by Miller, J. L., Eimas, P. D. New York: Academic Press. 1995
• MANAGING PROBLEMS IN SPEAKING SPEECH COMMUNICATION Clark, H. H. 1994; 15 (3-4): 243-250

  View details for Web of Science ID A1994PZ33200006

• REPRODUCTION AND DEMONSTRATION IN QUOTATIONS JOURNAL OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE Wade, E., Clark, H. H. 1993; 32 (6): 805-819

  View details for Web of Science ID A1993MK97300005

• Managing problems in speaking Proceedings of International Symposium on Spoken Dialogue Clark, H. H. edited by Shirai, K., Kobayashi, T., Harada, Y. 1993
• Prepositions aren’t places Brain and Behavioral Sciences Tversky, B., Clark, H. H. 1993; 16 (2): 252-253
• COORDINATING BELIEFS IN CONVERSATION JOURNAL OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE WilkesGibbs, D., Clark, H. H. 1992; 31 (2): 183-194

  View details for Web of Science ID A1992HK69800003

• Speech acts and hearers’ beliefs Pragmatics: A reader Clark, H. H., Carlson, T. B. edited by Davis, S. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1991
• Pragmatics of language The Blackwell dictionary of cognitive psychology Clark, H. H. edited by Eysenck, M. W. Oxford: Blackwell. 1991: 197–198
• Coordinating activity: An analysis of interaction in computer-­‐supported cooperative work Proceedings, CHI ‘91, Human Factors in Computing Systems Whittaker, S. J., Brennan, S. E., Clark, H. H. 1991
• GROUNDING IN COMMUNICATION CONF ON SOCIALLY SHARED COGNITION Clark, H. H., Brennan, S. E. AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC. 1991: 127–149

  View details for Web of Science ID A1991BU94D00007

• COLLABORATION IN COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PILOTS AND AIR-TRAFFIC-CONTROLLERS Morrow, D. G., Clark, H. H., Lee, A. T., RODVOLD, M. PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC. 1990: 494–94

  View details for Web of Science ID A1990EC29300179

• Language production International encyclopedia of linguistics Clark, H. H. edited by Bright, W. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1990: 278–281
• Commentary on Mosteller and Youtz “Quantifying probabilistic expressions.” Statistical Science Clark, H. H. 1990; 5: 2-34
• Psychology and language: An introduction to psycholinguistics. (Japanese Translation) Clark, H. H., Clark, E. V. 1987
• Collaborating on contributions to conversation Language processing in a social context Clark, H. H., Schaefer, E. F. edited by Dietrich, R., Graumann, C. F. Amsterdam: North Holland. 1987
• Four dimensions of language use. The pragmatic perspective Clark, H. H., Verschueren, J. edited by Bertuccelli-­‐Papi, M. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 1987: 9–25
• Relevance to what? Behavioral and Brain Sciences Clark, H. H. 1987; 10: 714-715
• Concealing one’s meaning from overhearers Journal of Memory and Language Clark, H. H., Schaefer, E. F. 1987: 209-225
• Collaborating on contributions to conversation Language and Cognitive Processes Clark, H. H., Schaefer, E. F. 1987; 2: 19-41
• WHAT IS SAID TO WHOM - A REJOINDER TO ALLAN LANGUAGE Clark, H. H. 1986; 62 (3): 518-529

  View details for Web of Science ID A1986E312700003

• Is philosophy of language empirical? Mind and Language Clark, H. H. 1986; 1: 15-17
• Inferences in comprehension Functionalism in Linguistics (Linguistic and Literary Studies in Eastern Europe). Clark, H. H. edited by Driven, R., Fried, V. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 1985
• SPEECH, PLACE, AND ACTION - STUDIES IN DEIXIS AND RELATED TOPICS - JARVELLA,RJ, KLEIN,W (Book Review) APPLIED PSYCHOLINGUISTICS Book Review Authored by: Clark, E. V. 1984; 5 (2): 182-184

  View details for Web of Science ID A1984TZ95900008

• ON THE PRETENSE THEORY OF IRONY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL Clark, H. H., Gerrig, R. J. 1984; 113 (1): 121-126

  Abstract

  We propose a pretense theory of irony based on suggestions by Grice and Fowler. In being ironic, the theory goes, a speaker is pretending to be an injudicious person speaking to an uninitiated audience; the speaker intends the addresses of the irony to discover the pretense and thereby see his or her attitude toward the speaker, the audience, and the utterance. The pretense theory, we argue, is superior to the mention theory of irony proposed by Sperber and Wilson.

  View details for Web of Science ID A1984SF64600010

  View details for PubMedID 6242407

• Psychological constraints on language: A commentary on Bresnan and Kaplan and on Givon Method and tactics in cognitive science Clark, H. H. edited by Malt, B. C., Kintsch, W., Miller, J. R., Polson, P. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. 1984: 191–214
• Audience design in meaning and reference Language and comprehension Clark, H. H., Murphy, G. L. edited by LeNy, J. F., Kintsch, W. Amsterdam: North-­‐Holland Publishing Co. 1983: 287–299
• Psychology and language: An introduction to psycholinguistics. (Japanese Translation) Clark, H. H., Clark, E. V. 1982
• Critics’ beliefs about hearers’ beliefs: A rejoinder to Johnson-­‐Laird, Sperber, and Wilks Mutual Knowledge Clark, H. H., Carlson, T. B. edited by Smith, N. V. New York: Academic Press. 1982: 52–59
• La visée vers l’auditoire dans la signification et le référence. Bulletin de Psychologie Clark, H. H., Murphy, G. L. 1982; 35: 767-776
• Speech acts and hearers’ beliefs Mutual knowledge Clark, H. H., Carlson, T. B. edited by Smith, N. V. New York: Academic Press. 1982: 1–36
• The relevance of common ground: Comments on Sperber and Wilson Mutual knowledge Clark, H. H. edited by Smith, N. V. New York: Academic Press. 1982: 124–127
• POLITENESS IN REQUESTS - REJOINDER COGNITION Clark, H. H., SCHUNK, D. H. 1981; 9 (3): 311-315

  View details for Web of Science ID A1981MD20700004

  View details for PubMedID 7197606

• POLITE RESPONSES TO POLITE REQUESTS COGNITION Clark, H. H., SCHUNK, D. H. 1980; 8 (2): 111-143

  View details for Web of Science ID A1980JV12700001

  View details for PubMedID 7389285

• Preface Inferring from language Clark, H. H., Noordman, L. G. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.. 1979
• IN SEARCH OF REFERENTS FOR NOUNS AND PRONOUNS MEMORY & COGNITION Clark, H. H., SENGUL, C. J. 1979; 7 (1): 35-41

  View details for Web of Science ID A1979GR87000005

• Inferring what is meant. Studies in the perception of language Clark, H. H. edited by M.Levelt, W. J., Flores d’Arcais, G. B. London: Wiley. 1978: 295–321
• WORDS AND STATISTICS Clark, H. H. BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC. 1977: 242–42

  View details for Web of Science ID A1977EB31200024

• Universals, relativity and language processing Universals of language: Method and theory Clark, H. H., Clark, E. V. edited by Greenberg, J. H. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 1977: 225–278
• Research methods in psycholinguistics. Handbook of perception: Language and speech Olson, G. M., Clark, H. H. edited by Carterette, E. C., Friedman, M. P. New York: Academic Press. 1976: 25–74
• Discussion of Wike and Church’s comments Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior Clark, H. H., Cohen, J., Smith, J. E., Keppel, G. 1976; 15: 257-266
• Psychological processes in linguistic explanation Explaining linguistic phenomena Clark, H. H., Haviland, S. E. edited by Cohen, D. Washington: Hemisphere Publication Corporation. 1974
• PERCEPTUAL CODING STRATEGIES IN FORMATION AND VERIFICATION OF DESCRIPTIONS MEMORY & COGNITION Clark, H. H., CHASE, W. G. 1974; 2 (1A): 101-111

  View details for Web of Science ID A1974S319500018

• Review of Understanding natural language by Terry Winograd American Scientist Clark, H. H. 1974; 62: 118-119
• Clark, H. H. Processus linguistiques dans le raisonnement deductif. Textes pour une psycholinguistique Clark, H. H. edited by Mehler, J., Noizet, G. Paris: Mouton. 1974: 565–602
• POWER OF POSITIVE SPEAKING - IT TAKES LONGER TO UNDERSTAND PSYCHOLOGY TODAY Clark, H. H. 1974; 8 (4): 102-?

  View details for Web of Science ID A1974T844600023

• Semantics and comprehension. Ed.), Current trends in linguistics Clark, H. H. edited by Sebeok, T. A. The Hague: Mouton. 1974: 1291–1428
• Perceptual coding strategies in the formation and verification of descriptions. Memory & cognition Clark, H. H., CHASE, W. G. 1974; 2 (1): 101-111

  Abstract

  Three experiments were carried out to study the "picture coding" process implicit both in making up descriptions of pictures and in verifying descriptions against pictures. In the first experiment, Ss were asked simply to describe pictures of one object above another; some pictures were symmetrical vertically and some were not. In the other two experiments, other Ss were timed as they judged whether sentences likeStar isn't below line were true or false of such pictures. According to the results, Ss comply to three ordered "preference" rules in describing the two objects, rules that are conditional on characteristics of the picture and demands of the task. Furthermore, Ss in the verification task comply to the same three rules when they view and encode the picturebefore they read the sentence to be verified, but to only one of the rules when they view the pictureafter they read the sentence. The results also reconfirm two recently proposed models for the process of verifying sentences against pictures.

  View details for DOI 10.3758/BF03197499

  View details for PubMedID 24214706

• A sometimes rocky marriage: Review of Psycholinguistics: Chomsky and psychology by Judith Greene Contemporary Psychology Clark, H. H. 1974; 19: 277-278
• The chronometric study of meaning components Problems actuels en psycholinguistique Clark, H. H. Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. 1974: 489–505
• DRAWING INFERENCES FROM PRESUPPOSITIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE SENTENCES JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR Just, M. A., Clark, H. H. 1973; 12 (1): 21-31

  View details for Web of Science ID A1973O860600002

• DIFFICULTIES PEOPLE HAVE IN ANSWERING QUESTION WHERE-IS-IT JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR Clark, H. H. 1972; 11 (3): 265-?

  View details for Web of Science ID A1972M546400001

• EVIDENCE CONCERNING HUTTENLOCHER,J AND HIGGINS,ET THEORY OF REASONING - SECOND REPLY PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW Clark, H. H. 1972; 79 (5): 428-?

  View details for Web of Science ID A1972N608800006

• Les processus de la comprehension des phrases La Psycholinguistique: Lectures Clark, H. H. edited by Slama-­‐Cazacu, T. Paris: Klincksieck. 1972: 180–182
• Semantics in the perception of verticality. British journal of psychology CHASE, W. G., Clark, H. H. 1971; 62 (3): 311-326

  View details for PubMedID 5160435

• SEMANTICS OF SENTENCE SUBJECTS LANGUAGE AND SPEECH Clark, H. H., BEGUN, J. S. 1971; 14 (JAN-M): 34-?

  View details for Web of Science ID A1971J318700005

• SEMANTICS IN PERCEPTION OF VERTICALITY BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY CHASE, W. G., Clark, H. H. 1971; 62 (AUG): 311-?

  View details for Web of Science ID A1971K276100026

• ADJECTIVES, COMPARATIVES, AND SYLLOGISMS PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW Clark, H. H. 1971; 78 (6): 505-?

  View details for Web of Science ID A1971K915400003

• The importance of linguistics for the study of speech hesitations The perception of language Clark, H. H. edited by Horton, D. L., Jenkins, J. J. Columbus: Charles Merrill.. 1971: 69–78
• Remembering sentences as semantic features Clark, H. H. edited by Linhart, J. 1970
• Comprehending comparatives Advances in psycholinguistics Clark, H. H. edited by Flores d’Arcais, G. B., Levelt, W. J. Amsterdam: North Holland Press.. 1970: 294–306
• The primitive nature of children’s relational concepts Cognition and the development of language Clark, H. H. edited by Hayes, J. R. New York: Wiley.. 1970: 269–278
• Linguistic processes in deductive reasoning. Series in Psychology Clark, H. H., Merrill, B. 1969: 730
• ROLE OF SEMANTICS IN REMEMBERING COMPARATIVE SENTENCES JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Clark, H. H., CARD, S. K. 1969; 82 (3): 545-?

  View details for Web of Science ID A1969F000600023

• Memory for semantic features in the verb Journal of Experimental Psychology Clark, H. H., Stafford, R. A. 1969; 80: 326-334
• ON USE AND MEANING OF PREPOSITIONS JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR Clark, H. H. 1968; 7 (2): 421-?

  View details for Web of Science ID A1968B703400026

• Review of Psycholinguistics Papers Journal of Linguistics Clark, H. H. 1968; 4: 139-140
• USE OF SYNTAX IN UNDERSTANDING SENTENCES BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY Clark, H. H., BEGUN, J. S. 1968; 59: 219-?

  View details for Web of Science ID A1968B592900004