Clinical Focus

  • Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics
  • Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics

Academic Appointments

  • Clinical Professor, Pediatrics

Administrative Appointments

  • Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, Stanford School of Medicine (2014 - Present)

Professional Education

  • Board Certification: American Board of Pediatrics, Pediatrics (1983)
  • Fellowship: Children's Hospital Boston (1983) MA
  • Residency: Children's Hospital Boston (1981) MA
  • Medical Education: Harvard Medical School (1978) MA
  • Internship: Children's Hospital Boston (1979) MA

Contact

  • Academic
    University - Academic staff Department: Peds/Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics Position: Clinical Professor
    • 3145 PORTER DR
    • 3145 Porter Drive
    • Mail Code 5395
    • PALO ALTO,  California  94304 
    (650) 721-5751 (fax)
  • Clinical (Primary)  Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 1195 W Fremont Ave Sunnyvale, CA 94304 (650) 724-6500 (fax)

Additional Clinical Info

Additional Info

  • Mail Code: 5415

2024-25 Courses

All Publications

  • The Relationship Between Hispanic Ethnicity and Outcomes for Infants Born Extremely Preterm. The Journal of pediatrics Brumbaugh, J. E., Bann, C. M., Bell, E. F., Travers, C. P., Vohr, B. R., McGowan, E. C., Harmon, H. M., Carlo, W. A., Hintz, S. R., Duncan, A. F. 2025: 114474

    Abstract

    To characterize the association between maternal ethnicity and infant survival to discharge without major morbidity.This is secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of infants born <27 weeks of gestation at NICHD Neonatal Research Network centers from 2006 through 2020. The primary outcome was survival to discharge without major morbidity (sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia grade 3, intracranial hemorrhage grade ≥3, periventricular leukomalacia, and advanced retinopathy of prematurity). Outcomes were compared by ethnicity and adjusted for center, perinatal characteristics, and sociodemographic characteristics.Of 14,029 subjects, 2155 (15%) were Hispanic, 6116 (44%) non-Hispanic Black, and 5758 (41%) non-Hispanic White. Infants of Hispanic mothers had the lowest survival to discharge without major morbidity (Hispanic 523/2099 [25%], non-Hispanic Black 1701/5940 [29%], non-Hispanic White 1494/5597 [27%], p=0.002). Adjusted odds of survival without major morbidity differed between Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black (aOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.93), but not between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White infants (aOR 1.07, 95% CI 0.92-1.25). At 2 years, children of non-Hispanic White mothers had the lowest incidence of neurodevelopmental impairment (Hispanic 544/1235 [44%], non-Hispanic Black 1574/3482 [45%], non-Hispanic White 1004/3182 [32%], p<0.001). Odds of impairment were greater for Hispanic than non-Hispanic White children (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05-1.48) but did not differ between Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black children (aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74-1.04).In a multicenter cohort, infants of Hispanic mothers had lower odds of survival to discharge without major morbidity than infants of non-Hispanic Black mothers and similar odds of survival without major morbidity as infants of non-Hispanic White mothers.

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2025.114474

    View details for PubMedID 39855622

  • Early Life Outcomes in Relation to Social Determinants of Health for Children Born Extremely Preterm. The Journal of pediatrics Brumbaugh, J. E., Vohr, B. R., Bell, E. F., Bann, C. M., Travers, C. P., McGowan, E. C., Harmon, H. M., Carlo, W. A., Duncan, A. F., Hintz, S. R. 2023: 113443

    Abstract

    To characterize the relationships between social determinants of health (SDOH) and outcomes for children born extremely preterm.This is a cohort study of infants born at 22-26 weeks' gestation in NICHD Neonatal Research Network centers (2006-2017) who survived to discharge. Infants were classified by three maternal SDOH: education, insurance, and race. Outcomes included postmenstrual age (PMA) at discharge, readmission, neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), and death post-discharge. Regression analyses adjusted for center, perinatal characteristics, neonatal morbidity, ethnicity, and two SDOH (eg, group comparisons by education adjusted for insurance and race).Of 7438 children, 5442 (73%) had at least one risk-associated SDOH. PMA at discharge was older (adjusted mean difference 0.37 weeks, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06-0.68) and readmission more likely (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.27, 95% CI 1.12-1.43) for infants whose mothers had public/no insurance versus private. Neither PMA at discharge nor readmission varied by education or race. NDI was twice as likely (aOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.86-3.00) and death five times as likely (aOR 5.22, 95% CI 2.54-10.73) for infants with three risk-associated SDOH compared with those with none.Children born to mothers with public/no insurance were older at discharge and more likely to be readmitted than those born to privately insured mothers. NDI and death post-discharge were more common among children exposed to multiple risk-associated SDOH at birth compared with those not exposed. Addressing disparities due to maternal education, insurance coverage, and systemic racism are potential intervention targets to improve outcomes for children born preterm.

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113443

    View details for PubMedID 37105408