Jerome Hastings

All Publications

• X-ray diffraction of metastable structures from supercooled liquid hydrogen. Scientific reports Fletcher, L. B., Levitan, A. L., McBride, E. E., Kim, J. B., Alves, E. P., Aquila, A., Frost, M., Goede, S., King, G., Lane, T. J., Liang, M., MacDonald, M. J., Ofori-Okai, B. K., Schönwälder, C., Sun, P., Hastings, J. B., Boutet, S., Glenzer, S. H. 2024; 14 (1): 17283

  Abstract

  We report time resolved observations of the crystallization from liquid hydrogen, supercooled to temperatures below the melting point, using 11.2 keV X-ray diffraction from the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Changes to the metastable solid and liquid structure factors have been dynamically measured. This allows for a direct determination of the lowest energy crystal polymorphs, the stacking probabilities, as well as the liquid and solid densities and temperatures. Such measurements provide experimental evidence of an Arrhenius-like growth kinetics along the stacking direction during supercooling.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-67942-6

  View details for PubMedID 39068229

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC11283507

• Evidence for phonon hardening in laser-excited gold using x-ray diffraction at a hard x-ray free electron laser. Science advances Descamps, A., Ofori-Okai, B. K., Bistoni, O., Chen, Z., Cunningham, E., Fletcher, L. B., Hartley, N. J., Hastings, J. B., Khaghani, D., Mo, M., Nagler, B., Recoules, V., Redmer, R., Schörner, M., Senesky, D. G., Sun, P., Tsai, H. E., White, T. G., Glenzer, S. H., McBride, E. E. 2024; 10 (6): eadh5272

  Abstract

  Studies of laser-heated materials on femtosecond timescales have shown that the interatomic potential can be perturbed at sufficiently high laser intensities. For gold, it has been postulated to undergo a strong stiffening leading to an increase of the phonon energies, known as phonon hardening. Despite efforts to investigate this behavior, only measurements at low absorbed energy density have been performed, for which the interpretation of the experimental data remains ambiguous. By using in situ single-shot x-ray diffraction at a hard x-ray free-electron laser, the evolution of diffraction line intensities of laser-excited Au to a higher energy density provides evidence for phonon hardening.

  View details for DOI 10.1126/sciadv.adh5272

  View details for PubMedID 38335288

• Femtosecond electronic structure response to high intensity XFEL pulses probed by iron X-ray emission spectroscopy. Scientific reports Alonso-Mori, R. n., Sokaras, D. n., Cammarata, M. n., Ding, Y. n., Feng, Y. n., Fritz, D. n., Gaffney, K. J., Hastings, J. n., Kao, C. C., Lemke, H. T., Maxwell, T. n., Robert, A. n., Schropp, A. n., Seiboth, F. n., Sikorski, M. n., Song, S. n., Weng, T. C., Zhang, W. n., Glenzer, S. n., Bergmann, U. n., Zhu, D. n. 2020; 10 (1): 16837

  Abstract

  We report the time-resolved femtosecond evolution of the K-shell X-ray emission spectra of iron during high intensity illumination of X-rays in a micron-sized focused hard X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) beam. Detailed pulse length dependent measurements revealed that rapid spectral energy shift and broadening started within the first 10 fs of the X-ray illumination at intensity levels between 1017 and 1018 W cm-2. We attribute these spectral changes to the rapid evolution of high-density photoelectron mediated secondary collisional ionization processes upon the absorption of the incident XFEL radiation. These fast electronic processes, occurring at timescales well within the typical XFEL pulse durations (i.e., tens of fs), set the boundary conditions of the pulse intensity and sample parameters where the widely-accepted 'probe-before-destroy' measurement strategy can be adopted for electronic-structure related XFEL experiments.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-74003-1

  View details for PubMedID 33033373

• Compact hard x-ray split-delay system based on variable-gap channel-cut crystals OPTICS LETTERS Sun, Y., Wang, N., Song, S., Sun, P., Chollet, M., Sato, T., van Driel, T. B., Nelson, S., Plumley, R., Montana-Lopez, J., Teitelbaum, S. W., Haber, J., Hastings, J. B., Baron, A. R., Sutton, M., Fuoss, P. H., Robert, A., Zhu, D. 2019; 44 (10): 2582–85

  Abstract

  We present the concept and a prototypical implementation of a compact x-ray split-delay system that is capable of performing continuous on-the-fly delay scans over a range of ∼10  ps with sub-100 nanoradian pointing stability. The system consists of four channel-cut silicon crystals, two of which have gradually varying gap sizes from intentional 5 deg asymmetric cuts. The delay adjustment is realized by linear motions of these two monolithic varying-gap channel cuts, where the x-ray beam experiences pairs of anti-parallel reflections, and thus becomes less sensitive in output beam pointing to motion imperfections of the translation stages. The beam splitting is accomplished by polished crystal edges. A high degree of mutual coherence between the two branches at the focus is observed by analyzing small-angle coherent x-ray scattering patterns. We envision a wide range of applications including single-shot x-ray pulse temporal diagnostics, studies of high-intensity x-ray-matter interactions, as well as measurement of dynamics in disordered material systems using split-pulse x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy.

  View details for DOI 10.1364/OL.44.002582

  View details for Web of Science ID 000467906400050

  View details for PubMedID 31090737

• Higher-order modes at FELs: a machine interpretation Sun, P., Sun, Y., Zhu, D., Song, S., Li, H., Chollet, M., Seaberg, M., Hastings, J. B., Robert, A., Sutton, M., Feng, Y., Tschentscher, T., Patthey, L., Tiedtke, K., Zangrando, M. SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2019

  View details for DOI 10.1117/12.2522912

  View details for Web of Science ID 000502119600001

• Characterization of defect clusters in ion-irradiated tungsten by X-Ray diffuse scattering JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS Sun, P., Wang, Y., Frost, M., Schoenwaelder, C., Levitan, A. L., Mo, M., Chen, Z., Hastings, J. B., Tynan, G. R., Glenzer, S. H., Heimann, P. 2018; 510: 322–30

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.07.062

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446065100035

• Nonsequential two-photon absorption from the K shell in solid zirconium PHYSICAL REVIEW A Ghimire, S., Fuchs, M., Hastings, J., Herrmann, S. C., Inubushi, Y., Pines, J., Shwartz, S., Yabashi, M., Reis, D. A. 2016; 94 (4)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.043418

  View details for Web of Science ID 000386088800011

• The phase-contrast imaging instrument at the matter in extreme conditions endstation at LCLS REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS Nagler, B., Schropp, A., Galtier, E. C., Arnold, B., Brown, S. B., Fry, A., Gleason, A., Granados, E., Hashim, A., Hastings, J. B., Samberg, D., Seiboth, F., Tavella, F., Xing, Z., Lee, H. J., Schroer, C. G. 2016; 87 (10)

  Abstract

  We describe the phase-contrast imaging instrument at the Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC) endstation of the Linac Coherent Light Source. The instrument can image phenomena with a spatial resolution of a few hundreds of nanometers and at the same time reveal the atomic structure through X-ray diffraction, with a temporal resolution better than 100 fs. It was specifically designed for studies relevant to high-energy-density science and can monitor, e.g., shock fronts, phase transitions, or void collapses. This versatile instrument was commissioned last year and is now available to the MEC user community.

  View details for DOI 10.1063/1.4963906

  View details for Web of Science ID 000387661900033

  View details for PubMedID 27802688

• Femtosecond photodissociation dynamics of 1,4-diiodobenzene by gas-phase X-ray scattering and photoelectron spectroscopy. Faraday discussions Stankus, B., Budarz, J. M., Kirrander, A., Rogers, D., Robinson, J., Lane, T. J., Ratner, D., Hastings, J., Minitti, M. P., Weber, P. M. 2016: -?

  Abstract

  We present a multifaceted investigation into the initial photodissociation dynamics of 1,4-diiodobenzene (DIB) following absorption of 267 nm radiation. We combine ultrafast time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray scattering experiments performed at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) to study the initial electronic excitation and subsequent rotational alignment, and interpret the experiments in light of Complete Active Space Self-Consistent Field (CASSCF) calculations of the excited electronic landscape. The initially excited state is found to be a bound (1)B1 surface, which undergoes ultrafast population transfer to a nearby state in 35 ± 10 fs. The internal conversion most likely leads to one or more singlet repulsive surfaces that initiate the dissociation. This initial study is an essential and prerequisite component of a comprehensive study of the complete photodissociation pathway(s) of DIB at 267 nm. Assignment of the initially excited electronic state as a bound state identifies the mechanism as predissociative, and measurement of its lifetime establishes the time between excitation and initiation of dissociation, which is crucial for direct comparison of photoelectron and scattering experiments.

  View details for PubMedID 27711844

• Anomalous nonlinear X-ray Compton scattering NATURE PHYSICS Fuchs, M., Trigo, M., Chen, J., Ghimire, S., Shwartz, S., Kozina, M., Jiang, M., Henighan, T., Bray, C., Ndabashimiye, G., Bucksbaum, P. H., Feng, Y., Herrmann, S., Carini, G. A., Pines, J., Hart, P., Kenney, C., Guillet, S., Boutee, S., Williams, G. J., Messerschmidt, M., Seibert, M. M., Moeller, S., Hastings, J. B., Reis, D. A. 2015; 11 (11): 964-970

  View details for DOI 10.1038/NPHYS3452

  View details for Web of Science ID 000364800600023

• The linac coherent light source single particle imaging road map STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS Aquila, A., Barty, A., Bostedt, C., Boutet, S., Carini, G., Deponte, D., DRELL, P., Doniach, S., Downing, K. H., Earnest, T., Elmlund, H., Elser, V., Guehr, M., Hajdu, J., Hastings, J., Hau-Riege, S. P., Huang, Z., Lattman, E. E., Maia, F. R., Marchesini, S., Ourmazd, A., Pellegrini, C., Santra, R., Schlichting, I., Schroer, C., Spence, J. C., Vartanyants, I. A., Wakatsuki, S., Weis, W. I., Williams, G. J. 2015; 2 (4)

  Abstract

  Intense femtosecond x-ray pulses from free-electron laser sources allow the imaging of individual particles in a single shot. Early experiments at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) have led to rapid progress in the field and, so far, coherent diffractive images have been recorded from biological specimens, aerosols, and quantum systems with a few-tens-of-nanometers resolution. In March 2014, LCLS held a workshop to discuss the scientific and technical challenges for reaching the ultimate goal of atomic resolution with single-shot coherent diffractive imaging. This paper summarizes the workshop findings and presents the roadmap toward reaching atomic resolution, 3D imaging at free-electron laser sources.

  View details for DOI 10.1063/1.4918726

  View details for Web of Science ID 000360649200003

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4711616

• Imaging Molecular Motion: Femtosecond X-Ray Scattering of an Electrocyclic Chemical Reaction PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Minitti, M. P., Budarz, J. M., Kirrander, A., ROBINSON, J. S., Ratner, D., Lane, T. J., Zhu, D., Glownia, J. M., Kozina, M., Lemke, H. T., Sikorski, M., Feng, Y., Nelson, S., Saita, K., Stankus, B., Northey, T., Hastings, J. B., Weber, P. M. 2015; 114 (25)

  Abstract

  Structural rearrangements within single molecules occur on ultrafast time scales. Many aspects of molecular dynamics, such as the energy flow through excited states, have been studied using spectroscopic techniques, yet the goal to watch molecules evolve their geometrical structure in real time remains challenging. By mapping nuclear motions using femtosecond x-ray pulses, we have created real-space representations of the evolving dynamics during a well-known chemical reaction and show a series of time-sorted structural snapshots produced by ultrafast time-resolved hard x-ray scattering. A computational analysis optimally matches the series of scattering patterns produced by the x rays to a multitude of potential reaction paths. In so doing, we have made a critical step toward the goal of viewing chemical reactions on femtosecond time scales, opening a new direction in studies of ultrafast chemical reactions in the gas phase.

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.255501

  View details for Web of Science ID 000356586100002

  View details for PubMedID 26197134

• Ultrabright X-ray laser scattering for dynamic warm dense matter physics NATURE PHOTONICS Fletcher, L. B., Lee, H. J., Doeppner, T., Galtier, E., Nagler, B., Heimann, P., FORTMANN, C., Lepape, S., Ma, T., Millot, M., Pak, A., Turnbull, D., Chapman, D. A., Gericke, D. O., Vorberger, J., White, T., Gregori, G., Wei, M., Barbrel, B., Falcone, R. W., Kao, C., Nuhn, H., Welch, J., Zastrau, U., Neumayer, P., Hastings, J. B., Glenzer, S. H. 2015; 9 (4): 274-279

  View details for DOI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2015.41

  View details for Web of Science ID 000352083700017

• Demonstration of Single-Crystal Self-Seeded Two-Color X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Lutman, A. A., Decker, F., ARTHUR, J., Chollet, M., Feng, Y., Hastings, J., Huang, Z., Lemke, H., Nuhn, H., Marinelli, A., Turner, J. L., Wakatsuki, S., Welch, J., Zhu, D. 2014; 113 (25)

  Abstract

  A scheme for generating two simultaneous hard-x-ray free-electron laser pulses with a controllable difference in photon energy is described and then demonstrated using the self-seeding setup at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). The scheme takes advantage of the existing LCLS equipment, which allows two independent rotations of the self-seeding diamond crystal. The two degrees of freedom are used to select two nearby crystal reflections, causing two wavelengths to be present in the forward transmitted seeding x-ray pulse. The free-electron laser system must support amplification at both desired wavelengths.

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.254801

  View details for Web of Science ID 000349416600005

  View details for PubMedID 25554887

• New experimental platform to study high density laser-compressed matter REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS Gauthier, M., Fletcher, L. B., Ravasio, A., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J., Granados, E., Hastings, J. B., Heimann, P., Lee, H. J., Nagler, B., Schropp, A., Gleason, A., Doeppner, T., Lepape, S., Ma, T., Pak, A., MacDonald, M. J., Ali, S., Barbrel, B., Falcone, R., Kraus, D., Chen, Z., Mo, M., Wei, M., Glenzer, S. H. 2014; 85 (11)

  Abstract

  We have developed a new experimental platform at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) which combines simultaneous angularly and spectrally resolved x-ray scattering measurements. This technique offers a new insights on the structural and thermodynamic properties of warm dense matter. The < 50 fs temporal duration of the x-ray pulse provides near instantaneous snapshots of the dynamics of the compression. We present a proof of principle experiment for this platform to characterize a shock-compressed plastic foil. We observe the disappearance of the plastic semi-crystal structure and the formation of a compressed liquid ion-ion correlation peak. The plasma parameters of shock-compressed plastic can be measured as well, but requires an averaging over a few tens of shots.

  View details for DOI 10.1063/1.4896175

  View details for Web of Science ID 000345646000203

• X-Ray Second Harmonic Generation PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Shwartz, S., Fuchs, M., Hastings, J. B., Inubushi, Y., Ishikawa, T., Katayama, T., Reis, D. A., Sato, T., Tono, K., Yabashi, M., Yudovich, S., Harris, S. E. 2014; 112 (16)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.163901

  View details for Web of Science ID 000338513000007

• Toward structural femtosecond chemical dynamics: imaging chemistry in space and time FARADAY DISCUSSIONS Minitti, M. P., Budarz, J. M., Kirrander, A., Robinson, J., Lane, T. J., Ratner, D., Saita, K., Northey, T., Stankus, B., Cofer-Shabica, V., Hastings, J., Weber, P. M. 2014; 171: 81-91

  Abstract

  We aim to observe a chemical reaction in real time using gas-phase X-ray diffraction. In our initial experiment at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), we investigated the model system 1,3-cyclohexadiene (CHD) at very low vapor pressures. This reaction serves as a benchmark for numerous transformations in organic synthesis and natural product biology. Excitation of CHD by an ultraviolet optical pulse initiates an electrocyclic reaction that transforms the closed ring system into the open-chain structure of 1,3,5-hexatriene. We describe technical points of the experimental method and present first results. We also outline an approach to analyze the data involving nonlinear least-square optimization routines that match the experimental observations with predicted diffraction patterns calculated from trajectories for nonadiabatic vibronic wave packets.

  View details for DOI 10.1039/c4fd00030g

  View details for Web of Science ID 000345529900004

  View details for PubMedID 25415842

• Dovetailing biology and chemistry: integrating the Gene Ontology with the ChEBI chemical ontology BMC GENOMICS Hill, D. P., Adams, N., Bada, M., Batchelor, C., Berardini, T. Z., Dietze, H., Drabkin, H. J., Ennis, M., Foulger, R. E., Harris, M. A., Hastings, J., Kale, N. S., de Matos, P., Mungall, C. J., Owen, G., Roncaglia, P., Steinbeck, C., Turner, S., Lomax, J. 2013; 14

  Abstract

  The Gene Ontology (GO) facilitates the description of the action of gene products in a biological context. Many GO terms refer to chemical entities that participate in biological processes. To facilitate accurate and consistent systems-wide biological representation, it is necessary to integrate the chemical view of these entities with the biological view of GO functions and processes. We describe a collaborative effort between the GO and the Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) ontology developers to ensure that the representation of chemicals in the GO is both internally consistent and in alignment with the chemical expertise captured in ChEBI.We have examined and integrated the ChEBI structural hierarchy into the GO resource through computationally-assisted manual curation of both GO and ChEBI. Our work has resulted in the creation of computable definitions of GO terms that contain fully defined semantic relationships to corresponding chemical terms in ChEBI.The set of logical definitions using both the GO and ChEBI has already been used to automate aspects of GO development and has the potential to allow the integration of data across the domains of biology and chemistry. These logical definitions are available as an extended version of the ontology from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/go/extensions/go-plus.owl.

  View details for DOI 10.1186/1471-2164-14-513

  View details for Web of Science ID 000322660400001

  View details for PubMedID 23895341

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3733925

• Recent development of thin diamond crystals for X-ray FEL beam-sharing Conference on Advances in X-ray Free-Electron Lasers II - Instrumentation Feng, Y., Alonso-Mori, R., Blank, V., Boutet, S., Chollet, M., van Driel, T. B., Fritz, D. M., Glownia, J. M., Hastings, J. B., Lemke, H., Messerchmidt, M., Montanez, P. A., Robert, A., Robinson, J., Samoylova, L., Shvyd'ko, Y., Sikorski, M., Sinn, H., Song, S., Srinivasan, V. N., Stoupin, S., Terentiev, S., Williams, G., Zhu, D. SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2013

  View details for DOI 10.1117/12.1518467

  View details for Web of Science ID 000323547400004

• Demonstration of self-seeding in a hard-X-ray free-electron laser NATURE PHOTONICS Amann, J., Berg, W., Blank, V., Decker, F., Ding, Y., Emma, P., Feng, Y., Frisch, J., Fritz, D., Hastings, J., Huang, Z., Krzywinski, J., Lindberg, R., Loos, H., Lutman, A., Nuhn, H., Ratner, D., RZEPIELA, J., Shu, D., Shvyd'ko, Y., Spampinati, S., Stoupin, S., Terentyev, S., Trakhtenberg, E., Walz, D., Welch, J., Wu, J., Zholents, A., Zhu, D. 2012; 6 (10): 693-698

  View details for DOI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2012.180

  View details for Web of Science ID 000309523900017

• X-ray and optical wave mixing NATURE Glover, T. E., Fritz, D. M., Cammarata, M., Allison, T. K., Coh, S., Feldkamp, J. M., Lemke, H., Zhu, D., Feng, Y., Coffee, R. N., Fuchs, M., Ghimire, S., Chen, J., Shwartz, S., Reis, D. A., Harris, S. E., Hastings, J. B. 2012; 488 (7413): 603-?

  Abstract

  Light-matter interactions are ubiquitous, and underpin a wide range of basic research fields and applied technologies. Although optical interactions have been intensively studied, their microscopic details are often poorly understood and have so far not been directly measurable. X-ray and optical wave mixing was proposed nearly half a century ago as an atomic-scale probe of optical interactions but has not yet been observed owing to a lack of sufficiently intense X-ray sources. Here we use an X-ray laser to demonstrate X-ray and optical sum-frequency generation. The underlying nonlinearity is a reciprocal-space probe of the optically induced charges and associated microscopic fields that arise in an illuminated material. To within the experimental errors, the measured efficiency is consistent with first-principles calculations of microscopic optical polarization in diamond. The ability to probe optical interactions on the atomic scale offers new opportunities in both basic and applied areas of science.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/nature11340

  View details for Web of Science ID 000308095100046

  View details for PubMedID 22932384

• A single-shot transmissive spectrometer for hard x-ray free electron lasers APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Zhu, D., Cammarata, M., Feldkamp, J. M., Fritz, D. M., Hastings, J. B., Lee, S., Lemke, H. T., Robert, A., Turner, J. L., Feng, Y. 2012; 101 (3)

  View details for DOI 10.1063/1.4736725

  View details for Web of Science ID 000306748000098

• X-Ray Parametric Down-Conversion in the Langevin Regime PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Shwartz, S., Coffee, R. N., Feldkamp, J. M., Feng, Y., Hastings, J. B., Yin, G. Y., Harris, S. E. 2012; 109 (1)

  Abstract

  We experimentally and theoretically study the coincidence count rate for down-converted x-ray photons. Because of photoionization, parametric down-conversion at x-ray wavelengths generally involves loss and the theoretical description requires a Langevin approach. By working in a transmission geometry (Laue) rather than in the Bragg geometry of previous experiments, we obtain an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio of 12.5, and find agreement between experiment and theory.

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.013602

  View details for Web of Science ID 000306323900005

  View details for PubMedID 23031104

• A hard X-ray transmissive single-shot spectrometer for FEL sources Conference on X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers - Beam Diagnostics, Beamline Instrumentation, and Applications Feng, Y., Zhu, D., Feldkamp, J. M., Lemke, H. T., Robert, A., Fritz, D. M., Cammarata, M., Lee, S., Hastings, J. B., Turner, J. L. SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2012

  View details for DOI 10.1117/12.930943

  View details for Web of Science ID 000311837900017

• Photon beamlines and diagnostics at LCLS NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT Moeller, S., ARTHUR, J., Brachmann, A., Coffee, R., Decker, F., Ding, Y., Dowell, D., Edstrom, S., Emma, P., Feng, Y., Fisher, A., Frisch, J., Galayda, J., Gilevich, S., Hastings, J., Hays, G., Hering, P., Huang, Z., Iverson, R., Krzywinski, J., Lewis, S., Loos, H., Messerschmidt, M., Miahnahri, A., Nuhn, H., Ratner, D., RZEPIELA, J., Schultz, D., Smith, T., Stefan, P., Tompkins, H., Turner, J., Welch, J., White, B., Wu, J., Yocky, G., Bionta, R., Ables, E., Abraham, B., Gardener, C., Fong, K., Friedrich, S., Hau-Riege, S., Kishiyama, K., McCarville, T., McMahon, D., McKernan, M., Ott, L., Pivovaroff, M., Robinson, J., Ryutov, D., Shen, S., Soufli, R., Pile, G. 2011; 635: S6-S11

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.10.125

  View details for Web of Science ID 000289180100002

• First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser NATURE PHOTONICS Emma, P., Akre, R., ARTHUR, J., Bionta, R., Bostedt, C., Bozek, J., Brachmann, A., Bucksbaum, P., Coffee, R., Decker, F., Ding, Y., Dowell, D., Edstrom, S., Fisher, A., Frisch, J., Gilevich, S., Hastings, J., Hays, G., Hering, P., Huang, Z., Iverson, R., Loos, H., Messerschmidt, M., Miahnahri, A., Moeller, S., Nuhn, H., Pile, G., Ratner, D., RZEPIELA, J., Schultz, D., Smith, T., Stefan, P., Tompkins, H., Turner, J., Welch, J., White, W., Wu, J., Yocky, G., Galayda, J. 2010; 4 (9): 641-647

  View details for DOI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2010.176

  View details for Web of Science ID 000281467900020

• High-energy X-ray diffuse scattering JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY Ramsteiner, I. B., Schoeps, A., Reichert, H., Dosch, H., Honkimaeki, V., Zhong, Z., Hastings, J. B. 2009; 42: 392-400

  View details for DOI 10.1107/S0021889809011492

  View details for Web of Science ID 000266268300004

• Gas detectors for x-ray lasers JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Tiedtke, K., Feldhaus, J., Hahn, U., Jastrow, U., Nunez, T., Tschentscher, T., Bobashev, S. V., Sorokin, A. A., Hastings, J. B., Moeller, S., Cibik, L., Gottwald, A., Hoehl, A., Kroth, U., Krumrey, M., Schoeppe, H., Ulm, G., Richter, M. 2008; 103 (9)

  View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2913328

  View details for Web of Science ID 000255983200153

• X-ray diffuse scattering measurements of nucleation dynamics at femtosecond resolution PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Lindenberg, A. M., Engemann, S., Gaffney, K. J., Sokolowski-Tinten, K., Larsson, J., Hillyard, P. B., Reis, D. A., Fritz, D. M., ARTHUR, J., Akre, R. A., George, M. J., Deb, A., Bucksbaum, P. H., Hajdu, J., Meyer, D. A., Nicoul, M., Blome, C., Tschentscher, T., Cavalieri, A. L., Falcone, R. W., Lee, S. H., Pahl, R., Rudati, J., Fuoss, P. H., Nelson, A. J., Krejcik, P., Siddons, D. P., Lorazo, P., Hastings, J. B. 2008; 100 (13)

  Abstract

  Femtosecond time-resolved small and wide angle x-ray diffuse scattering techniques are applied to investigate the ultrafast nucleation processes that occur during the ablation process in semiconducting materials. Following intense optical excitation, a transient liquid state of high compressibility characterized by large-amplitude density fluctuations is observed and the buildup of these fluctuations is measured in real time. Small-angle scattering measurements reveal snapshots of the spontaneous nucleation of nanoscale voids within a metastable liquid and support theoretical predictions of the ablation process.

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.135502

  View details for Web of Science ID 000254670300046

  View details for PubMedID 18517965

• Formation of secondary electron cascades in single-crystalline plasma-deposited diamond upon exposure to femtosecond x-ray pulses JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Gabrysch, M., Marklund, E., Hajdu, J., Twitchen, D. J., Rudati, J., Lindenberg, A. M., Caleman, C., Falcone, R. W., Tschentscher, T., Moffat, K., Bucksbaum, P. H., Als-Nielsen, J., Nelson, A. J., Siddons, D. P., EMMA, P. J., Krejcik, P., Schlarb, H., ARTHUR, J., Brennan, S., Hastings, J., Isberg, J. 2008; 103 (6)

  View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2890158

  View details for Web of Science ID 000254536900143

• Femtosecond x-ray diffuse scattering measurements of semiconductor ablation dynamics Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation VII Lindenberg, A. M., Engemann, S., Gaffney, K. J., Sokolowski-Tinten, K., Larsson, J., Reis, D., Lorazo, P., Hastings, J. B. SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2008

  View details for DOI 10.1117/12.784094

  View details for Web of Science ID 000258905800002

• Carrier-density-dependent lattice stability in InSb PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Hillyard, P. B., Gaffney, K. J., Lindenberg, A. M., Engemann, S., Akre, R. A., ARTHUR, J., Blome, C., Bucksbaum, P. H., Cavalieri, A. L., Deb, A., Falcone, R. W., Fritz, D. M., Fuoss, P. H., Hajdu, J., Krejcik, P., Larsson, J., Lee, S. H., Meyer, D. A., Nelson, A. J., Pahl, R., Reis, D. A., Rudati, J., Siddons, D. P., Sokolowski-Tinten, K., von der Linde, D., Hastings, J. B. 2007; 98 (12)

  Abstract

  The ultrafast decay of the x-ray diffraction intensity following laser excitation of an InSb crystal has been utilized to observe carrier dependent changes in the potential energy surface. For the first time, an abrupt carrier dependent onset for potential energy surface softening and the appearance of accelerated atomic disordering for a very high average carrier density have been observed. Inertial dynamics dominate the early stages of crystal disordering for a wide range of carrier densities between the onset of crystal softening and the appearance of accelerated atomic disordering.

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.125501

  View details for PubMedID 17501133

• Ultrafast bond softening in bismuth: Mapping a solid's interatomic potential with X-rays SCIENCE Fritz, D. M., Reis, D. A., Adams, B., Akre, R. A., ARTHUR, J., Blome, C., Bucksbaum, P. H., Cavalieri, A. L., Engemann, S., Fahy, S., Falcone, R. W., Fuoss, P. H., Gaffney, K. J., George, M. J., Hajdu, J., Hertlein, M. P., Hillyard, P. B., Hoegen, M. H., Kammler, M., Kaspar, J., Kienberger, R., Krejcik, P., Lee, S. H., Lindenberg, A. M., McFarland, B., Meyer, D., Montagne, T., Murray, E. D., Nelson, A. J., Nicoul, M., Pahl, R., Rudati, J., Schlarb, H., Siddons, D. P., Sokolowski-Tinten, K., Tschentscher, T., von der Linde, D., Hastings, J. B. 2007; 315 (5812): 633-636

  Abstract

  Intense femtosecond laser excitation can produce transient states of matter that would otherwise be inaccessible to laboratory investigation. At high excitation densities, the interatomic forces that bind solids and determine many of their properties can be substantially altered. Here, we present the detailed mapping of the carrier density-dependent interatomic potential of bismuth approaching a solid-solid phase transition. Our experiments combine stroboscopic techniques that use a high-brightness linear electron accelerator-based x-ray source with pulse-by-pulse timing reconstruction for femtosecond resolution, allowing quantitative characterization of the interatomic potential energy surface of the highly excited solid.

  View details for DOI 10.1126/science.1135009

  View details for Web of Science ID 000243909400039

  View details for PubMedID 17272718

• Detectors for ultrafast X-ray experiments at SPPS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 Siddons, D. P., Kuczewski, A. J., Yu, B., Warren, J., Rudati, J., Fuoss, P., Hastings, J. B., Kaspar, J. D., Meyer, D. A. 2007; 879: 1176-?

  View details for Web of Science ID 000244647900282

• Ultrafast time-resolved electron diffraction with megavolt electron beams APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Hastings, J. B., Rudakov, F. M., Dowell, D. H., Schmerge, J. F., Cardoza, J. D., Castro, J. M., Gierman, S. M., Loos, H., Weber, P. M. 2006; 89 (18)

  View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2372697

  View details for Web of Science ID 000241757500152

• Single-shot spectrometry for x-ray free-electron lasers PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Yabashi, M., Hastings, J. B., Zolotorev, M. S., Mimura, H., Yumoto, H., Matsuyama, S., Yamauchi, K., Ishikawa, T. 2006; 97 (8)

  Abstract

  An experimental scheme to realize single-shot spectrometry for the diagnostics of x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) is presented. The combination of an ultraprecisely figured mirror and a perfect crystal form a simple, high-precision spectrometer that can cover an energy range from a few eV to a hundred eV with high resolution. The application of the spectrometer to determine XFEL pulse widths was investigated theoretically and experimentally. It has been shown that the present system can determine pulse widths from sub-fs to ps in a single shot even for spontaneous radiation. The system can be easily extended to even shorter pulses.

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.084802

  View details for Web of Science ID 000240043800029

  View details for PubMedID 17026309

• Megavolt electron beams for ultrafast time-resolved electron diffraction Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter Rudakov, F. M., Hastings, J. B., Dowell, D. H., Schmerge, J. F., Weber, P. M. AMER INST PHYSICS. 2006: 1287–1292

  View details for Web of Science ID 000240034600303

• Observation of structural anisotropy and the onset of liquidlike motion during the nonthermal melting of InSb PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Gaffney, K. J., Lindenberg, A. M., Larsson, J., Sokolowski-Tinten, K., Blome, C., Synnergren, O., Sheppard, J., Caleman, C., MacPhee, A. G., Weinstein, D., Lowney, D. P., Allison, T., Matthews, T., Falcone, R. W., Cavalieri, A. L., Fritz, D. M., Lee, S. H., Bucksbaum, P. H., Reis, D. A., Rudati, J., Macrander, A. T., Fuoss, P. H., Kao, C. C., Siddons, D. P., Pahl, R., Moffat, K., Als-Nielsen, J., Duesterer, S., Ischebeck, R., Schlarb, H., Schulte-Schrepping, H., Schneider, J., von der Linde, D., Hignette, O., Sette, F., Chapman, H. N., Lee, R. W., Hansen, T. N., Wark, J. S., Bergh, M., Huldt, G., van der Spoel, D., Timneanu, N., Hajdu, J., Akre, R. A., Bong, E., Krejcik, P., ARTHUR, J., Brennan, S., Luening, K., Hastings, J. B. 2005; 95 (12)

  Abstract

  The melting dynamics of laser excited InSb have been studied with femtosecond x-ray diffraction. These measurements observe the delayed onset of diffusive atomic motion, signaling the appearance of liquidlike dynamics. They also demonstrate that the root-mean-squared displacement in the [111] direction increases faster than in the [110] direction after the first 500 fs. This structural anisotropy indicates that the initially generated fluid differs significantly from the equilibrium liquid.

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.125701

  View details for Web of Science ID 000231908200033

  View details for PubMedID 16197085

• X-ray free-electron lasers JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS Feldhaus, J., ARTHUR, J., Hastings, J. B. 2005; 38 (9): S799-S819

  View details for DOI 10.1088/0953-4075/38/9/023

  View details for Web of Science ID 000229399800024

• Atomic-scale visualization of inertial dynamics SCIENCE Lindenberg, A. M., Larsson, J., Sokolowski-Tinten, K., Gaffney, K. J., Blome, C., Synnergren, O., Sheppard, J., Caleman, C., MacPhee, A. G., Weinstein, D., Lowney, D. P., Allison, T. K., Matthews, T., Falcone, R. W., Cavalieri, A. L., Fritz, D. M., Lee, S. H., Bucksbaum, P. H., Reis, D. A., Rudati, J., Fuoss, P. H., Kao, C. C., Siddons, D. P., Pahl, R., Als-Nielsen, J., Duesterer, S., Ischebeck, R., Schlarb, H., Schulte-Schrepping, H., Tschentscher, T., Schneider, J., von der Linde, D., Hignette, O., Sette, F., Chapman, H. N., Lee, R. W., Hansen, T. N., Techert, S., Wark, J. S., Bergh, M., Huldt, G., van der Spoel, D., Timneanu, N., Hajdu, J., Akre, R. A., Bong, E., Krejcik, P., ARTHUR, J., Brennan, S., Luening, K., Hastings, J. B. 2005; 308 (5720): 392-395

  Abstract

  The motion of atoms on interatomic potential energy surfaces is fundamental to the dynamics of liquids and solids. An accelerator-based source of femtosecond x-ray pulses allowed us to follow directly atomic displacements on an optically modified energy landscape, leading eventually to the transition from crystalline solid to disordered liquid. We show that, to first order in time, the dynamics are inertial, and we place constraints on the shape and curvature of the transition-state potential energy surface. Our measurements point toward analogies between this nonequilibrium phase transition and the short-time dynamics intrinsic to equilibrium liquids.

  View details for DOI 10.1126/science.1107996

  View details for Web of Science ID 000228492000046

  View details for PubMedID 15831753

• Clocking femtosecond x rays PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Cavalieri, A. L., Fritz, D. M., Lee, S. H., Bucksbaum, P. H., Reis, D. A., Rudati, J., Mills, D. M., Fuoss, P. H., Stephenson, G. B., Kao, C. C., Siddons, D. P., Lowney, D. P., MacPhee, A. G., Weinstein, D., Falcone, R. W., Pahl, R., Als-Nielsen, J., Blome, C., Dusterer, S., Ischebeck, R., Schlarb, H., Schulte-Schrepping, H., Tschentscher, T., Schneider, J., Hignette, O., Sette, F., Sokolowski-Tinten, K., Chapman, H. N., Lee, R. W., Hansen, T. N., Synnergren, O., Larsson, J., Techert, S., Sheppard, J., Wark, J. S., Bergh, M., Caleman, C., Huldt, G., van der Spoel, D., Timneanu, N., Hajdu, J., Akre, R. A., Bong, E., Emma, P., Krejcik, P., ARTHUR, J., Brennan, S., Gaffney, K. J., Lindenberg, A. M., Luening, K., Hastings, J. B. 2005; 94 (11)

  Abstract

  Linear-accelerator-based sources will revolutionize ultrafast x-ray science due to their unprecedented brightness and short pulse duration. However, time-resolved studies at the resolution of the x-ray pulse duration are hampered by the inability to precisely synchronize an external laser to the accelerator. At the Sub-Picosecond Pulse Source at the Stanford Linear-Accelerator Center we solved this problem by measuring the arrival time of each high energy electron bunch with electro-optic sampling. This measurement indirectly determined the arrival time of each x-ray pulse relative to an external pump laser pulse with a time resolution of better than 60 fs rms.

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.114801

  View details for Web of Science ID 000227923200034

  View details for PubMedID 15903864

• Opportunities and challenges using short-pulse X-ray sources. 2nd International Conference on Photo-Induced Phase Transitions Larsson, J., Synnergren, O., Hansen, T. N., Sokolowski-Tinten, K., Werin, S., Caleman, C., Hajdu, J., Shepherd, J., Wark, J. S., Lindenberg, A. M., Gaffney, K. J., Hastings, J. B. IOP PUBLISHING LTD. 2005: 87–94

  View details for DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/21/1/014

  View details for Web of Science ID 000233012100014

• Future possibilities of the Linac Coherent Light Source JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION Cornacchia, M., ARTHUR, J., Bane, K., Bolton, P., Carr, R., Decker, F. J., Emma, P., Galayda, J., Hastings, J., Hodgson, K., Huang, Z., LINDAU, I., Nuhn, H. D., Paterson, J. M., Pellegrini, C., Reiche, S., Schlarb, H., Stohr, J., Stupakov, G., Walz, D., Winick, H. 2004; 11: 227-238

  Abstract

  A study of the potential for the development of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) beyond the specifications of the baseline design is presented. These future developments include delivery of X-ray pulses in the 1 fs regime, extension of the spectral range, increase of the FEL power, exploitation of the spontaneous emission, and a more flexible time structure. As this potential is exploited, the LCLS can maintain its role as a world-leading instrument for many years beyond its commissioning in 2008 and initial operation as the world's first X-ray free-electron laser.

  View details for DOI 10.1107/S090904950400370X

  View details for Web of Science ID 000220974600001

  View details for PubMedID 15103109

• FEL research and development at the SLAC sub-picosecond photon source, SPPS 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop Bentson, L., Bolton, P., Bong, E., Emma, P., Galayda, J., Hastings, J., Krejcik, P., Rago, C., Rifkin, J., Spencer, C. M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2003: 205–9

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00875-1

  View details for Web of Science ID 000184723100046

• X-RAY OPTICS AND MONOCHROMATORS FOR SYNCHROTRON RADIATION JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Hastings, J. B. 1977; 48 (4): 1576-1584

  View details for Web of Science ID A1977DB88700034

• MEASUREMENTS OF INTEGRATED INTENSITY NEAR ABSORPTION-EDGE WITH SYNCHROTON RADIATION JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY Fukamachi, T., Hosoya, S., Kawamura, T., Hastings, J. 1977; 10 (AUG1): 321-324

  View details for Web of Science ID A1977DS17900016

• STUDY OF SPEAR AS A DEDICATED SOURCE OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE CERINO, J., GOLDE, A., Hastings, J., LINDAU, I., SALSBURG, B., Winick, H., Lee, M., Morton, P., Garren, A. 1977; 24 (3): 1003-1005

  View details for Web of Science ID A1977DL67400011