John Schoeneman Vorhies

All Publications

• Complication risks and costs associated with Ponte osteotomies in surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: insights from a national database. Spine deformity Shaheen, M., Koltsov, J. C., Cohen, S. A., Langner, J. L., Kaur, J., Segovia, N. A., Vorhies, J. S. 2022

  Abstract

  PURPOSE: Risks of Ponte osteotomies (POs) used for posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) are challenging to assess because of the rarity of complications. Using a national administrative claims database, we evaluated trends, costs and complications associated with PO used in PSF for AIS patients.METHODS: Using ICD-9/CPT codes, we identified patients (ages 10-18) with AIS who underwent PSF (±PO) between 2007 and 2015 in the IBM MarketScan Commercial Databases. Costs and trends of POs were evaluated. Odds of neurological complications and readmissions within 90days and reoperations within 90days and 2years were assessed.RESULTS: We identified 8881 AIS patients who had undergone PSF, of which 8193 had 90-day follow-up and 4248 had 2-year follow-up. Overall, 28.8% had PO. Annual rate of POs increased from 17.3 to 35.2% from 2007 to 2015 (p<0.001). Risk-adjusted multivariable logistic regression demonstrated no relationship between POs and neurologic complications (p=0.543). POs were associated with higher odds for readmission (1.52 [1.21-1.91]; p<0.001) and reoperation (2.03 [1.13-3.59]; p=0.015) within 90days, but there were no differences in the odds of reoperation within 2years (p=0.836). Median hospital costs were $15,854 (17.4%) higher for patients with POs (p<0.001) and multivariable modeling demonstrated POs to be an independent predictor of increased costs (p<0.001).CONCLUSION: Annual rate of POs increased steadily from 2007 to 2015. POs were not associated with increased odds of neurological complications but had higher costs and higher rates of readmissions and reoperations within 90days. By 2years, differences in reoperation rate were not significant.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s43390-022-00534-4

  View details for PubMedID 35810408

• Innovative technique for early-onset scoliosis casting using Jackson table. Spine deformity Montgomery, B. K., Tileston, K., Kaur, J., Kym, D., Segovia, N. A., Imrie, M., Policy, J., Rinsky, L., Vorhies, J. 2022

  Abstract

  PURPOSE: Early-onset scoliosis (EOS) can have harmful effects on pulmonary function. Serial elongation, derotation, and flexion (EDF) casting can cure EOS or delay surgical intervention. Most described casting techniques call for specialized tables, which are not available at many institutions. We describe an innovative technique for EDF casting utilizing a modified Jackson table (MJ) and compare results to a Risser frame (RF).METHODS: All patients who underwent EDF casting at our institution between January 2015 and January 2019 were identified and retrospectively reviewed. Patients were stratified by type of table used and clinical and radiographic outcomes were compared. Standard descriptive statistics were calculated.RESULTS: We identified 25 patients who underwent 77 casting events, 11 on an MJ table and 14 on a RF. Mean follow-up was 32months (range 11-61months). 28% of patients had idiopathic scoliosis. There was no significant difference in age at initiation of casting (P=0.3), initial Cobb angle (equivalence, P=0.009), or rate of idiopathic scoliosis between the MJ and RF groups. There was no significant difference in initial coronal Cobb angle percent correction (equivalence, P=0.045) or percent correction at 1-year follow-up (equivalence, P=0.010) between the two groups. There was no difference in cast related complications. There was a significant difference in surgical time, with the MJ group 11min shorter than the RF (P=0.005).CONCLUSION: The MJ table is a safe and effective alternative for applying EDF casts under traction without the need for a specialized table.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s43390-022-00526-4

  View details for PubMedID 35776363

• Indications for and Risks Associated With Implant Removal After Pediatric Trauma. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews Montgomery, B. K., Gamble, J. G., Kha, S. T., Hecht, G. G., Vorhies, J. S., Lucas, J. F. 2022; 6 (4)

  Abstract

  A wide range of implants are used in the treatment of pediatric fractures, including wires, plates, screws, flexible rods, rigid rods, and external fixation devices. Pediatric bones differ from adult bones both mechanically and biologically, including the potential for remodeling. Implants used in pediatric trauma patients present a unique set of circumstances regarding indications, risks, timing of implant removal, weight-bearing restrictions, and long-term sequelae. Indications for implant removal include wire/pin fixation, when substantial growth remains, and infection. When considering implant removal, the risks and benefits must be assessed. The primary risk of implant removal is refracture. The timing of implant removal varies widely from several weeks to a year or more with the option of retention depending on the fracture, type of implant, and skeletal maturity of the patient.

  View details for DOI e22.00050

  View details for PubMedID 35427259

• Indications for and Risks Associated With Implant Removal After Pediatric Trauma JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS GLOBAL RESEARCH AND REVIEWS Montgomery, B. K., Gamble, J. G., Kha, S. T., Hecht, G. G., Vorhies, J. S., Lucas, J. F. 2022; 6 (4)

  View details for DOI 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-22-00050

  View details for Web of Science ID 000783752200002

• Systemic lidocaine absorption from continuous erector spinae plane catheters after paediatric posterior spine fusion surgery. Regional anesthesia and pain medicine Pan, S., Lee, C. K., Caruso, T. J., Vorhies, J. S., Tsui, B. C. 2022

  View details for DOI 10.1136/rapm-2021-103234

  View details for PubMedID 35012993

• Does Navigation Make Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Safer? Insights From a National Database. Spine Kaur, J., Koltsov, J. C., Kwong, J. W., Cheng, I., Vorhies, J. S. 2021; 46 (19): E1049-E1057

  Abstract

  STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective Cohort.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of computer-assisted navigation (NAV) on rates of complications and reoperations after spinal fusion (SF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using a nationally representative claims database.SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Significant controversy surrounds the reported benefits of NAV in SF for AIS. Previous studies have demonstrated decreased rates of pedicle screw breaches with NAV compared to free-hand methods but no impact on complication rates. Thus, the clinical utility of NAV remains uncertain.METHODS: Analyses were performed using the IBM MarketScan databases. Patients aged 10 to 18 undergoing SF for AIS were grouped by use of NAV. Patients with nonidiopathic scoliosis were excluded. Univariate and risk-adjusted multivariate analyses were performed. Primary outcomes were neurological complications, any medical complications, and reoperations. Secondary outcomes included adjusted total reimbursements and length of stay.RESULTS: A total of 12,046 patients undergoing SF for AIS were identified, and 8640 had 90-day follow-up. NAV was used in 467 patients (5.4%), increasing from 2007 to 2015. After risk adjustment, the odds for any complication within 90 days were lower with NAV (OR = 0.61, P = 0.025), but neurological complications were unrelated to NAV (P = 0.742). NAV was not associated with reoperation within 90 days (P = 0.757) or 2 years (P = 0.095). We observed a $25,038 increase in adjusted total reimbursements (P < 0.001) and a 0.32-day decrease in length of stay (P = 0.022) with use of NAV.CONCLUSION: In this national sample, NAV was associated with a lower rate of total complications but no change in rates of neurological complications or reoperations. In addition, NAV was associated with a large increase in total payments, despite a modest decrease in hospital stay. Considering the increasing popularity of NAV, this study provides important context regarding the utility of NAV for AIS.Level of Evidence: 3.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/BRS.0000000000004037

  View details for PubMedID 34517402

• Remodeling of Sagittal Plane Malunion After Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures. Journal of pediatric orthopedics Gamble, J. G., Vorhies, J. S. 2021; 41 (8): e700-e701

  View details for DOI 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001912

  View details for PubMedID 34397787

• Automatic Extraction of Skeletal Maturity from Whole Body Pediatric Scoliosis X-rays Using Regional Proposal and Compound Scaling Convolutional Neural Networks Ha, A., Vorhies, J., Campion, A., Fang, C., Fadell, M., Dou, S., Halabi, S., Larson, D., Wang, E., Lee, Y., Langner, J., Kaur, J., Do, B., Park, T., Cho, Y. R., Hu, Yoo, Woo, H. G., Wang, J., Facelli, J., Nam, S., Kang, M. IEEE COMPUTER SOC. 2020: 996-1000

  View details for DOI 10.1109/BIBM49941.2020.9313251

  View details for Web of Science ID 000659487101011

• Remodeling of Sagittal Plane Malunion After Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures. Journal of pediatric orthopedics Gamble, J. G., Vorhies, J. S. 2020

  Abstract

  Pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures (SCHFs) can heal in hyperextension malunion after casting or surgical treatment. Here the authors present quantitative evidence concerning the ability of children to remodel sagittal plane malunion. Their null hypothesis was that like varus and valgus malunion, children have little capacity to remodel sagittal plane malunion after SCHFs.The authors performed a prospective longitudinal radiographic study of 41 children, aged 22 to 126 months, who were registered during the study interval. They calculated the percent displacement of the center of the capitellum behind the anterior humeral line (AHL) as the distance of the midpoint of the capitellum from the AHL, divided by the diameter of the capitellum, multiplied by 100. Longitudinal measurements were made using the embedded software on our institution's digital radiographic system. The primary outcome focus was the percent displacement of the center of the capitellum relative to AHL on the initial and on the latest radiograph.The average initial displacement (hyperextension) of the capitellum behind the AHL for all patients was 61% (range, 23% to 134%). At an average follow-up of 21 months, 24 children (60%) had remodeled 100% the sagittal plane malunion, 12 children (30%) had remodeled such that the AHL passed through the central third of the capitellum, and 5 children (10%) had minimal or no remodeling.The authors rejected their null hypothesis. Children do have the capacity to remodel radiographically measurable sagittal plane malunion of SCHFs. Children younger than 5 years of age can remodel 100% displacement of the center of the capitellum, whereas those over 8 years of age have minimal remodeling capacity.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001623

  View details for PubMedID 32604347

• The Impact of Subspecialty Fellows on Orthopaedic Resident Surgical Experience: A Multicenter Study of 51,111 Cases. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Jiang, S. Y., Carlock, K. D., Campbell, S. T., Vorhies, J. S., Gardner, M. J., Leucht, P. n., Bishop, J. A. 2020

  Abstract

  Meaningful participation in surgery is important for orthopaedic resident education. This study aimed to quantify the effect of fellows on resident surgical experience. We hypothesized that as fellowship programs expanded, resident caseload would decrease, whereas "double-scrubbed" cases would increase.This multicenter retrospective study included 9 years of surgical caselog data from two orthopaedic residency programs. Six subspecialty services on which fellow number varied over time were included (trauma, spine, foot and ankle, adult reconstruction, and hand). Case volume and personnel composition per case were extracted. Statistical analysis was performed with two-sample equal variance Student t-tests.A total of 51,111 cases were assessed. Surgical volume increased across all sites/services over time. Fellow numbers did not affect average resident caseload. However, in years with more fellows, an 11% decrease in one-on-one resident-attending cases (P = 0.002) and a 17% increase in resident-fellow-attending "double-scrubbed" cases was observed (P < 0.001).Increasing orthopaedic fellows did not affect resident case volume but resulted in fewer one-on-one cases with the attending and more "double-scrubbed" cases with a fellow. The implications of these findings to resident education require further study, but orthopaedic educators should be aware of these findings to try to maximize educational opportunities.Level III.

  View details for DOI 10.5435/JAAOS-D-20-00233

  View details for PubMedID 32649442

• The Utility of Intraoperative Arthrogram in the Management of Pediatric Lateral Condyle Fractures of the Humerus ORTHOPEDICS Vorhies, J., Funk, S., Elliott, M., Riccio, A., Ramo, B. 2020; 43 (1): 30–35

  Abstract

  Intraoperative arthrograms are commonly used in conjunction with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) of pediatric lateral condyle fractures of the humerus. The authors sought to determine how arthrograms affect management of these fractures. They reviewed all lateral condyle fractures treated surgically at a pediatric level I trauma center from 2008 to 2014. They stratified patients managed with and without an arthrogram as well as by timing of arthrogram. The authors compared injury parameters, initial and postoperative fracture displacement, and complications between groups. They identified 107 patients who were taken to the operating room for attempted closed reduction, which they classified as either CRPP without arthrogram or arthrogram first and then a decision to treat open or with CRPP. Fifty-eight (54.21%) underwent CRPP without arthrogram and 49 (45.79%) underwent arthrogram. Of those who had arthrograms, 27 (25.23%) were prior to fixation and 22 (20.56%) were after fixation. There was no difference in age, weight, or preoperative displacement among the groups. Mean postoperative displacement was significantly lower in the no arthrogram group vs the arthrogram group (0.91 mm vs 1.68 mm; P<.0001), but it did not differ based on timing of arthrogram (P=.836). Arthrograms changed management in 4 (8%) of 49 patients who had them. There was no statistical difference in the rate of changed management by timing of arthrogram (before vs after fixation, 14.8% vs 0%; P=.060). The authors demonstrated that arthrograms may be useful for assessing final fracture alignment after CRPP, but are unlikely to result in a treatment change and are not associated with improved postoperative alignment. [Orthopedics. 2020; 43(1):30-35.].

  View details for DOI 10.3928/01477447-20191031-01

  View details for Web of Science ID 000508434100015

  View details for PubMedID 31693741

• Posterior Sternoclavicular Dislocation: Do We Need "Cardiothoracic Backup"? Insights from a National Sample. Journal of orthopaedic trauma Leonard, D. A., Segovia, N., Kaur, J., Lucas, J., Bishop, J., Vorhies, J. S. 2019

  Abstract

  OBJECTIVES: To describe the incidence of and risk factors for vascular injury associated with P-SCD.METHODS: We used data from the HCUP-NIS from 2015-2016 and defined a cohort of patients with sternoclavicular dislocation (SCD) using ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes. We further isolated a subset with P-SCD. We describe the incidence of thoracic vascular injury, demographics and injury severity score (ISS) in this cohort.RESULTS: Of an estimated 550 patients who had SCD, 140 (25%) were identified as having a P-SCD. No vascular injuries occurred in the P-SCD cohort. Among all patients with SCD, < 2% of patients had a vascular injury, all of whom had an ISS ≥ 15, independent of the vascular injury itself (Figure 1). Among patients with an isolated P-SCD injury (55), overall length of stay was 1.8 days and total charges averaged $29,724.45. There was no mortality among patients with isolated P-SCD.CONCLUSION: Here we report no vascular injuries in the largest known series of P-SCD. Among all patients with SCD, vascular injury was rare, occurring only in severely polytraumatized patients. The recommendation for routine involvement of cardiothoracic surgeons in all cases of P-SCD should be re-examined.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/BOT.0000000000001685

  View details for PubMedID 31764407

• Debridement, antibiotic pearls, and retention of the implant (DAPRI): A modified technique for implant retention in total knee arthroplasty PJI treatment. Journal of orthopaedic surgery (Hong Kong) Calanna, F., Chen, F., Risitano, S., Vorhies, J. S., Franceschini, M., Giori, N. J., Indelli, P. F. 2019; 27 (3): 2309499019874413

  Abstract

  We describe a modified surgical technique developed to enhance the classical irrigation and debridement procedure to improve the possibilities of retaining an infected total knee arthroplasty. This technique, debridement antibiotic pearls and retention of the implant (DAPRI), aims to remove the intra-articular biofilm allowing a higher and prolonged local antibiotic concentration using calcium sulfate beads. The combination of three different surgical techniques (methylene blue staining, argon beam electrical stimulation, and chlorhexidine gluconate brushing) might enhance the identification, disruption, and finally removal of the bacterial biofilm, which is the main responsible of antibiotics and antibodies resistance. The DAPRI technique might represent a safe and more conservative treatment for acute and early hematogenous periprosthetic joint infection.

  View details for DOI 10.1177/2309499019874413

  View details for PubMedID 31554470

• Moving toward patients being pain- and spasm-free after pediatric scoliosis surgery by using bilateral surgically-placed erector spinae plane catheters. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie Tsui, B. C., Esfahanian, M. n., Lin, C. n., Policy, J. n., Vorhies, J. n. 2019

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s12630-019-01543-0

  View details for PubMedID 31776896

• Treatment in a Nonpediatric Hospital Is a Risk Factor for Open Reduction of Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: A Population-Based Study. Journal of orthopaedic trauma Vorhies, J. S., Uzosike, O. B., Imrie, M. N., Rinsky, L. n., Hoffinger, S. n. 2019; 33 (9): e331–e338

  Abstract

  To describe the distribution of open versus closed treatment and its relationship with the location of care in pediatric specialty versus general hospitals.Patient data were extracted from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Kid's Inpatient Database for the years 2000-2012. ICD9-CM diagnosis and procedure codes were used to identify open versus closed treatment of closed supracondylar humerus fractures in children younger than 12 years. A multilevel logistic regression model to control for confounders and identify drivers of open treatment was used.An estimated 40,706 inpatient surgical fixation procedures met our inclusion criteria. Overall rate of open treatment was 13.65%. Fractures were less likely to be treated open at pediatric hospitals versus general hospitals 7.61% versus 16.13% (P < 0.0001). Over the study period, rates of open treatment have fallen at nonpediatric hospitals from 20.21% in 2000 to 17.42% in 2012 (P < 0.001) but have remained stable at pediatric hospitals: 7.8% in 2000 and 8.62% in 2012 (P = 0.4369). Mean hospital length of stay was higher for patients who had open treatment 1.63 versus 1.20 days (P < 0.0001), and mean hospital charges were higher for patients who had open treatment $21,465 versus $15,026 (P < 0.0001). After controlling for time trends as well as demographic and hospital characteristics with a logistic regression model, treatment at a nonpediatric hospital was the single most significant predictor of open treatment for an isolated closed supracondylar humerus fractures with an odds ratio of 1.96 (95% confidence interval 1.56-2.46; P < 0.001).In this comprehensive population-based study of risk factors for open treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures in the United States, we identified differences in practice patterns by hospital type. Pediatric supracondylar fractures of the elbow have almost twice the odds of open treatment at nonpediatric hospitals.Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/BOT.0000000000001502

  View details for PubMedID 31188255

• An Excellent Addition to Recent Studies in the US From Various Disciplines and Locations That Show Similar Results Response JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA Bishop, J., Vorhies, J., Paci, G. 2019; 33 (1): E38

  View details for Web of Science ID 000467798900013

• In response. Journal of orthopaedic trauma Bishop, J., Vorhies, J., Paci, G. 2019; 33 (1): e38

  View details for PubMedID 30562264

• Severity Adjusted Risk of Long-Term Adverse Sequelae Among Children with Osteomyelitis. The Pediatric infectious disease journal Vorhies, J. S., Lindsay, E. A., Tareen, N. G., Kellum, R. J., Jo, C. H., Copley, L. A. 2018

  Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the risk for long-term, adverse outcomes among children with osteomyelitis.METHODS: Children with osteomyelitis were prospectively enrolled from 2012-2014. Care was accomplished by a multidisciplinary team according to an institutional algorithm. Data was collected to define the severity of illness during the initial hospitalization and assess short, intermediate and long-term outcomes. Clinical examination, radiographic assessment, and functional outcome survey administration were performed at a minimum of 2 year follow-up. A comparison cohort analysis was performed according to initial severity of illness score (SIS) of mild (0-2), moderate (3-6), and severe (7-10).RESULTS: Of 195 children enrolled, 139 (71.3%) returned for follow-up at an average of 2.4 years (range 2.0 to 5.0 years). Children with severe illness were less likely to have normal radiographs (Severe - 4.0%; Moderate - 38.2%; Mild - 53.2%, p<0.0001), and more likely to have osteonecrosis, chondrolysis, or deformity (Severe - 32.0%; Moderate - 5.9%; Mild - 1.3%, p<0.0001). Functional outcome measures did not significantly differ between severity categories.By regression analysis SIS, plus age less than 3 years and MRSA predicted severe sequelae with an area under the curve of 0.8617 and an increasing odds ratio of 1.34 per point of increase in severity score.CONCLUSION: Long term severe adverse outcomes among children with osteomyelitis occurred in 11 of 139 (7.9%) children and were predicted by initial severity of illness. Other risks that diminished the likelihood of complete resolution or increased the risk of severe sequelae included MRSA etiology and young age. The majority of children with osteomyelitis do not require long term follow-up beyond the initial treatment period.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, Prognostic, Prospective Cohort Comparison.

  View details for PubMedID 29742649

• Does the Watson-Jones or Modified Smith-Petersen Approach Provide Superior Exposure for Femoral Neck Fracture Fixation? Clinical orthopaedics and related research Lichstein, P. M., Kleimeyer, J. P., Githens, M. n., Vorhies, J. S., Gardner, M. J., Bellino, M. n., Bishop, J. n. 2018

  Abstract

  A well-reduced femoral neck fracture is more likely to heal than a poorly reduced one, and increasing the quality of the surgical exposure makes it easier to achieve anatomic fracture reduction. Two open approaches are in common use for femoral neck fractures, the modified Smith-Petersen and Watson-Jones; however, to our knowledge, the quality of exposure of the femoral neck exposure provided by each approach has not been investigated.(1) What is the respective area of exposed femoral neck afforded by the Watson-Jones and modified Smith-Petersen approaches? (2) Is there a difference in the ability to visualize and/or palpate important anatomic landmarks provided by the Watson-Jones and modified Smith-Petersen approaches?Ten fresh-frozen human pelvi underwent both modified Smith-Petersen (utilizing the caudal extent of the standard Smith-Petersen interval distal to the anterosuperior iliac spine and parallel to the palpable interval between the tensor fascia lata and the sartorius) and Watson-Jones approaches. Dissections were performed by three fellowship-trained orthopaedic traumatologists with extensive experience in both approaches. Exposure (in cm) was quantified with calibrated digital photographs and specialized software. Modified Smith-Petersen approaches were analyzed before and after rectus femoris tenotomy. The ability to visualize and palpate seven clinically relevant anatomic structures (the labrum, femoral head, subcapital femoral neck, basicervical femoral neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, and medial femoral neck) was also recorded. The quantified area of the exposed proximal femur was utilized to compare which approach afforded the largest field of view of the femoral neck and articular surface for assessment of femoral neck fracture and associated femoral head injury. The ability to visualize and palpate surrounding structures was assessed so that we could better understand which approach afforded the ability to assess structures that are relevant to femoral neck fracture reduction and fixation.After controlling for age, body mass index, height, and sex, we found the modified Smith-Petersen approach provided a mean of 2.36 cm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-4.28 cm; p = 0.015) additional exposure without rectus femoris tenotomy (p = 0.015) and 3.33 cm (95% CI, 1.42-5.24 cm; p = 0.001) additional exposure with a tenotomy compared with the Watson-Jones approach. The labrum, femoral head, subcapital femoral neck, basicervical femoral neck, and greater trochanter were reliably visible and palpable in both approaches. The lesser trochanter was palpable in all of the modified Smith-Petersen and none of the Watson-Jones approaches (p < 0.001). All modified Smith-Petersen approaches (10 of 10) provided visualization and palpation of the medial femoral neck, whereas visualization of the medial femoral neck was only possible in one of 10 Watson-Jones approaches (p < 0.001) and palpation was possible in eight of 10 Watson-Jones versus all 10 modified Smith-Petersen approaches (p = 0.470).In the hands of surgeons experienced with both surgical approaches to the femoral neck, the modified Smith-Petersen approach, with or without rectus femoris tenotomy, provides superior exposure of the femoral neck and articular surface as well as visualization and palpation of clinically relevant proximal femoral anatomic landmarks compared with the Watson-Jones approach.Open reduction and internal fixation of a femoral neck fracture is typically performed in a young patient (< 60 years old) with the objective of obtaining anatomic reduction that would not be possible by closed manipulation, thus enhancing healing potential. In the hands of surgeons experienced in both approaches, the modified Smith-Petersen approach offers improved direct access for reduction and fixation. Higher quality reductions and fixation are expected to translate to improved healing potential and outcomes. Although our experimental results are promising, further clinical studies are needed to verify if this larger exposure area imparts increased quality of reduction, healing, and improved outcomes compared with other approaches. The learning curve for the exposure is unclear, but the approach has broad applications and is frequently used in other subspecialties such as for direct anterior THA and pediatric septic hip drainage. Surgeons treating femoral neck fractures with open reduction and fixation should familiarize themselves with the modified Smith-Petersen approach.

  View details for PubMedID 29698292

• Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: Does After-Hours Treatment Influence Outcomes? Journal of orthopaedic trauma Paci, G. M., Tileston, K. R., Vorhies, J. S., Bishop, J. A. 2018; 32 (6): e215–e220

  Abstract

  To compare the outcomes of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures treated during daytime hours to those treated after-hours.Retrospective.Academic Level I trauma center.Two hundred ninety-eight pediatric patients treated with surgical reduction and fixation of closed supracondylar fractures were included.Seventy-seven patients underwent surgery during daytime hours (06:00-15:59 on weekdays). One hundred eighty-six patients underwent surgery after-hours (16:00-05:59 on weekdays and any surgery on weekends or holidays).Surgeon subspecialty, operative duration, and radiographic and clinical outcomes, including range of motion and carrying angle, were extracted from the patient medical records.There were no patient-related demographic differences between the daytime hours and after-hours groups. Daytime surgery was more likely to be performed by a pediatric orthopaedic surgeon than after-hours surgery. Fractures treated after-hours had more severe injury patterns. After-hours surgery was not independently associated with rate of open reduction, operative times, complications, achievement of functional range of motion, or radiographic alignment. A late-night surgery subgroup analysis demonstrated an increased rate of malunion in patients undergoing surgery between the hours of 23:00 and 05:59.There is no difference in the operative duration or outcomes after surgical treatment of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures performed after-hours when compared with daytime surgery. However, late-night surgery performed between 23:00 and 05:59 may be associated with a higher rate of malunion. Surgeons can use these data to make better-informed decisions about the timing of surgery in this patient population.Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

  View details for PubMedID 29432316

• Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis With Fusion or Decompression Alone Results in Similar Rates of Reoperation at 5 Years. Clinical spine surgery Vorhies, J. S., Hernandez-Boussard, T. n., Alamin, T. n. 2018; 31 (1): E74–E79

  Abstract

  Population-based analysis of administrative discharge records from California, Florida, and New York inpatient, ambulatory, and emergency department settings between 2005 and 2011, utilizing Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project data.We aimed to compare, and characterize rates of reoperation and readmission among patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis treated with surgical decompression alone versus fusion.Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with stenosis can be treated by decompression with or without fusion. Fusion has traditionally been preferred. We hypothesized that rates of reoperation after decompression alone would be higher than after fusion.We undertook a population-based analysis of administrative discharge records from California, Florida, and New York inpatient, ambulatory, and emergency department settings between 2005 and 2011, with Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project data. We identified all patients who had degenerative spondylolisthesis who were treated with decompression alone or with fusion and compared their rates of reoperation at 1, 3, and 5 years from the index operation. We used descriptive statistics and a hierarchical logistic regression model to generate risk-adjusted odds of all-cause readmissions.Our study consisted of 75,024 patients with spondylolisthesis; 6712 (8.95%) of them underwent decompression alone and 68,312 (91.05%) of them underwent fusion. Rates of reoperation were higher for decompression versus fusion at 1 year; 6.87% versus 5.53% (P≤0.001), but at 3 years; 13.86% versus 12.91% (P=0.18) and 5 years; 16.9% versus 17.7% (P=0.398) years rates of reoperation were not statistically different. Patients treated with decompression alone that had a second operation tended to have the operation sooner 512.6 versus 567.4 days (P=0.008).Our study suggests that treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis with fusion or decompression alone results in similar rates of reoperation at 5 years. This medium term data indicate that decompression alone may be a viable treatment for some patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis.

  View details for PubMedID 28671881

• Admission Through the Emergency Department Is an Independent Risk Factor for Lower Satisfaction With Physician Performance Among Orthopaedic Surgery Patients: A Multicenter Study JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS Vorhies, J. S., Weaver, M. J., Bishop, J. A. 2016; 24 (10): 735-742

  Abstract

  Patient experience data are increasingly used to guide performance improvement and to determine physician and hospital reimbursement. We studied the relationship between emergency department (ED) admission and patient satisfaction with physicians' performance, and identified other associated predictors.We evaluated 6,524 inpatient Press Ganey patient experience surveys from two academic level I trauma centers over 5 years. We stratified patients by ED admission or other admission and compared the proportions of patients in each group who were satisfied with physician performance. We used logistic regression to control for demographic differences and characteristics of hospitalizations.Among patients admitted through the ED, 85.18% were satisfied, compared with 89.44% of patients admitted through other pathways (P < 0.001). Admission through the ED predicted decreased satisfaction, with an odds ratio of 0.67 (P = 0.032) after controls were applied through logistic regression.Admission through the ED is an independent risk factor for lower satisfaction with physician performance. Understanding the determinants of patient satisfaction will help improve physician-patient interactions and guide quality improvement and value-based reimbursement initiatives.This retrospective survey-based analysis of satisfaction does not fall clearly under any of the Journal's established categories of level of evidence. The most closely aligned choice would be Level III Prognostic.

  View details for DOI 10.5435/JAAOS-D-16-00084

  View details for Web of Science ID 000385408400010

  View details for PubMedID 27579815

• Growth mechanisms and geochemistry of carbonate concretions from the Cambrian Wheeler Formation (Utah, USA) SEDIMENTOLOGY Gaines, R. R., Vorhies, J. S. 2016; 63 (3): 662-698

  View details for DOI 10.1111/sed.12234

  View details for Web of Science ID 000372342200007

• Legal restrictions and complications of abortion: Insights from data on complication rates in the United States JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY Rolnick, J. A., Vorhies, J. S. 2012; 33 (3): 348-362

  Abstract

  Although US federal law requires all American states to permit abortion within their borders, states retain authority to impose restrictions.We used hospital discharge data to study the rates of major abortion complications in 23 states from 2001 to 2008 and their relationship to two laws: (i) restrictions on Medicaid – the state insurance programs for the poor – funding, and (ii) mandatory delays before abortion. Of 131 000 000 discharges in the data set, 10 980 involved an abortion complication. The national rate for complications was 1.90 per 1000 abortions (95 per cent CI: 1.57–2.23). Eleven states required mandatory delays and 12 restricted funding for Medicaid participants. After controlling for socioeconomic characteristics and the pregnancy complication rate, legal restrictions were associated with lower complication rates: mandatory delays (OR 0.79(0.65–0.95)) and restricted Medicaid funding (OR 0.74 (0.61–0.90)). This result may reflect the fact that states without restrictions perform a higher percentage of second-trimester abortions. This study is the first to assess the association between legal restrictions on abortion and complication rates.

  View details for DOI 10.1057/jphp.2012.12

  View details for Web of Science ID 000307793800010

  View details for PubMedID 22622483

• Decreased Length of Stay After TKA Is Not Associated With Increased Readmission Rates in a National Medicare Sample CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH Vorhies, J. S., Wang, Y., Herndon, J. H., Maloney, W. J., Huddleston, J. I. 2012; 470 (1): 166-171

  Abstract

  There is a trend toward decreasing length of hospital stay (LOS) after TKA although it is unclear whether this trend is detrimental to the overall postoperative course. Such information is important for future decisions related to cost containment.We determined whether decreases in LOS after TKA are associated with increases in readmission rates.We retrospectively reviewed the rates and reasons for readmission and LOS for 4057 Medicare TKA patients from 2002 to 2007. We abstracted data from the Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System. Hierarchical generalized linear modeling was used to assess the odds of changing readmission rates and LOS over time, controlling for changes in patient demographic and clinical variables.The overall readmission rate in the 30 days after discharge was 228/4057 (5.6%). The 10 most common reasons for readmission were congestive heart failure (20.4%), chronic ischemic heart disease (13.9%), cardiac dysrhythmias (12.5%), pneumonia (10.8%), osteoarthrosis (9.4%), general symptoms (7.4%), acute myocardial infarction (7.0%), care involving other specified rehabilitation procedure (6.3%), diabetes mellitus (6.3%), and disorders of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance (5.9%); the top 10 causes did not include venous thromboembolism syndromes. We found no difference in the readmission rate between the periods 2002-2004 (5.5%) and 2005-2007 (5.8%) but a reduction in LOS between the periods 2002-2004 (4.1 ± 2.0 days) and 2005-2007 (3.8 ± 1.7 days).The most common causes for readmission were cardiac-related. A reduction in LOS was not associated with an increase in the readmission rate in this sample. Optimization of cardiac status before discharge and routine primary care physician followup may lead to lower readmission rates.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s11999-011-1957-0

  View details for Web of Science ID 000298103100021

  View details for PubMedID 21720934

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3237965

• Readmission and Length of Stay After Total Hip Arthroplasty in a National Medicare Sample JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY Vorhies, J. S., Wang, Y., Herndon, J., Maloney, W., Huddleston, J. I. 2011; 26 (6): 119-123

  Abstract

  Evaluation of hospital readmissions after total hip arthroplasty may help improve patient safety and cost reduction. This study investigates the rates and reasons for readmission as well as length of hospital stay (LOS) for 1802 total hip arthroplasty patients from 2002 to 2007. Data were abstracted from the Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System. The overall 30-day rate of readmission was 6.8%. There was no difference in readmission rate from 2002 to 2004 (7.1%) to 2005 to 2007 (6.3%) (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-1.30; P = .58). The overall mean LOS was 4.2 ± 2.2 days. There was a significant reduction in LOS from 2002 to 2004 (4.4 ± 2.5 days) to 2005 to 2007 (3.8 ± 1.7 days) (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-1.31; P < .0001). The most common causes for readmission were cardiac related. A reduction in LOS was not associated with an increase in the rate of readmission in this sample. Efforts to optimize cardiac status before discharge may lead to lower rates of readmission in the future.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.arth.2011.04.036

  View details for Web of Science ID 000294393000023

  View details for PubMedID 21723700

• siRNA Versus shRNA for Personalized Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms and Applications GENE-BASED THERAPIES FOR CANCER Vorhies, J. S., Rao, D. D., Senzer, N., Nemunaitis, J., Roth, J. A. 2010: 51–62

  View details for DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6102-0_4

  View details for Web of Science ID 000280962600004

• siRNA vs. shRNA: Similarities and differences ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS Rao, D. D., Vorhies, J. S., Senzer, N., Nemunaitis, J. 2009; 61 (9): 746-759

  Abstract

  RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural process through which expression of a targeted gene can be knocked down with high specificity and selectivity. Using available technology and bioinformatics investigators will soon be able to identify relevant bio molecular tumor network hubs as potential key targets for knockdown approaches. Methods of mediating the RNAi effect involve small interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and bi-functional shRNA. The simplicity of siRNA manufacturing and transient nature of the effect per dose are optimally suited for certain medical disorders (i.e. viral injections). However, using the endogenous processing machinery, optimized shRNA constructs allow for high potency and sustainable effects using low copy numbers resulting in less off-target effects, particularly if embedded in a miRNA scaffold. Bi-functional design may further enhance potency and safety of RNAi-based therapeutics. Remaining challenges include tumor selective delivery vehicles and more complete evaluation of the scope and scale of off-target effects. This review will compare siRNA, shRNA and bi-functional shRNA.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.addr.2009.04.004

  View details for Web of Science ID 000267476800008

  View details for PubMedID 19389436

• "Bifunctional" Short Hairpin RNA for Cancer Gene Therapy Rao, D. D., Wang, Z., Kumar, P., Yu, Y., Haddock, C., Vorhies, J., Tong, A. W., Maples, P. B., Senzer, N. N., Nemunaitis, J. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2009: S255

  View details for Web of Science ID 000278019801241

• Microbial dissolution of clay minerals as a source of iron and silica in marine sediments NATURE GEOSCIENCE Vorhies, J. S., Gaines, R. R. 2009; 2 (3): 221–25

  View details for DOI 10.1038/NGEO441

  View details for Web of Science ID 000264289900025

• Nucleic acid aptamers for targeting of shRNA-based cancer therapeutics. Biologics : targets & therapy Vorhies, J. S., Nemunaitis, J. J. 2007; 1 (4): 367-376

  Abstract

  Aptamers are nucleic acid ligands which have been validated to bind to epitopes with a specificity similar to that of monoclonal antibodies. Aptamers have been primarily investigated for their direct function in terms of inhibition of protein targets; however, recent evidence gives reason to actively explore aptamers as targeting moieties for delivery of anticancer therapeutics. Many aptamers have been developed to bind to extracellular membrane domains of proteins overexpressed on cancer cells and have the potential to be modified for use in targeting cancer therapeutics. The use of DNA vector-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for RNA interference (RNAi) is a precise means for the disruption of target gene expression but its clinical usage in cancer is limited by obstacles related to delivery into cancer cells. Nucleic acid aptamers are attractive candidates for targeting of shRNA therapies. Their small size, ease of production and modification, and high specificity are valued attributes in comparison to other targeting moieties currently being tested. Here we review the development of aptamers directed to PSMA, Nucleolin, HER-3, RET, TN-C, and MUC1 and focus on their potential for use in targeting of shRNA-based cancer therapeutics.

  View details for PubMedID 19707307

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2721292

• Proof concept for clinical justification of network mapping for personalized cancer therapeutics CANCER GENE THERAPY Nemunaitis, J., Senzer, N., Khalil, I., Shen, Y., Kumar, P., Tong, A., Kuhn, J., LaMont, J., Nemunaitis, M., Rao, D., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Y., Vorhies, J., Maples, P., Hill, C., Shanahan, D. 2007; 14 (8): 686-695

  Abstract

  To identify signature targets associated with patient-specific cancer lesions based on tumor versus normal tissue differential protein and mRNA coexpression patterns for the purpose of synthesizing cancer-specific customized RNA interference knockdown therapeutics. Analysis of biopsied tissue involved two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) analysis coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry for proteomic assessment. Standard microarray techniques were utilized for mRNA analysis. Priority was assigned to overexpressed protein targets with co-overexpressed genes with a high likelihood of functional nodal centrality in the cancer network as defined by the interactive databases BIND, HPRD and ResNet. HPLC-grade small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes were utilized to assess knockdown of target proteins in expressive cell lines as measured by western blot. Seven patients with metastatic cancer underwent biopsy. One patient (RW001) had biopsies from two disease sites 10 months apart. Seven priority proteins were identified, one for each patient (RACK 1, Ras related nuclear protein, heat-shock 27 kDa protein 1, superoxide dismutase, enolase1, stathmin1 and cofilin1). Prioritized proteins in RW001 from the two disease sites over time were the same. We demonstrated >80% siRNA inhibition of RACK 1 and stathmin1 of inexpressive malignant cell lines with correlated cell kill. Identification of functionally relevant target gene fingerprints, unique to an individual's cancer, is feasible 'at the bedside' and can be utilized to synthesize siRNA knockdown therapeutics. Further animal safety testing followed by clinical study is recommended.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/sj.cgt.7701057

  View details for Web of Science ID 000248146500002

  View details for PubMedID 17541424

• 10-year follow-up of gene-modified adenoviral-based therapy in 146 non-small-cell lung cancer patients CANCER GENE THERAPY Nemunaitis, J., Vorhies, J. S., Pappen, B., Senzer, N. 2007; 14 (8): 762-763

  View details for DOI 10.1038/sj.cgt.7701048

  View details for Web of Science ID 000248146500010

  View details for PubMedID 17514194

• Nonviral delivery vehicles for use in short hairpin RNA-based cancer therapies EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTICANCER THERAPY Vorhies, J. S., Nemunaitis, J. 2007; 7 (3): 373-382

  Abstract

  The use of DNA vector-based short hairpin (sh)RNA for RNA interference shows promise as a precise means for the disruption of gene expression to achieve a therapeutic effect. The in vivo usage of shRNA therapeutics in cancer is limited by obstacles related to effective delivery into the nuclei of target cancer cells. Nonviral delivery vehicles that are relevant for shRNA delivery into humans belong to a group of substances about which significant preclinical data has been amassed to show an acceptable safety profile, resistance to immune defenses and good transfection efficiency. Here, we review the most promising current nonviral gene delivery vehicles with a focus on their potential use in cancer shRNA therapeutics.

  View details for DOI 10.1586/14737140.7.3.373

  View details for Web of Science ID 000245134900015

  View details for PubMedID 17338656