Bio

Kevin Arrigo received his B.S in Natural Resources from the University of Michigan in 1983. After working for the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, he attended the University of Southern California where he earned his Ph.D. in Biological Sciences in 1992. He went on to a postdoctoral position at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and became a civil servant there in 1995. In 1999, he joined the Stanford University faculty as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geophysics, where he stayed until 2007 when he joined the Department of Environmental Earth System Science. Arrigo served as director of the interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Earth, Energy, and Environmental Sciences from 2005-2013. In 2012, he became co-director of the Earth Systems Program within the School of Earth Sciences. He has served on a number of university committees, including the Committee on Academic Computing and Information Services (2010-2012), Committee for the Review of Undergraduate Majors (2010-2013), and the Bing Overseas Studies Faculty Oversight Committee (2011-present). As a biological oceanographer, his principal interest has been in the role marine microalgae play in modulating the cycling of carbon and nitrogen, with particular emphasis on the scales of temporal and spatial variability of biological productivity in polar oceans. This knowledge is essential to understanding how anthropogenic and atmospheric forcing controls the biogenic flux of carbon dioxide into the oceans, and ultimately, to the sediments. His research is highly interdisciplinary and incorporates three fundamental approaches, (1) satellite remote sensing, (2) ecophysiological modeling, and (3) laboratory and field studies. By combining these techniques, it is possible to address many complex aspects of ocean biogeochemistry at spatial and temporal scales that would not be possible using a single approach

Academic Appointments

Administrative Appointments

  • Fisheries Biologist, Department of Natural Resources, State of Michigan (1984 - 1986)
  • Teaching Assistant, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California (1986 - 1991)
  • Research Assistant, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California (1987 - 1992)
  • Resident Research Assistant, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (1992 - 1994)
  • Adjunct Assistant Professor MEES, Horn Point Environmental Laboratory, University of Maryland (1993 - 1999)
  • Assistant Research Professor Dept. of Meteorology, University of Maryland (1994 - 1995)
  • Adjunct Assistant Professor Dept. of Meteorology, University of Maryland (1994 - 1999)
  • Oceanographer, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (1995 - 1999)
  • Assistant Professor of Geophysics, Stanford University (1999 - 2004)
  • Associate Professor of Geophysics, Stanford University (2004 - 2007)
  • Director, Graduate Program in Earth, Energy, and Environmental Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University (2005 - 2010)
  • Associate Chair, Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University (2007 - Present)
  • Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University (2007 - 2009)
  • Professor, Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University (2009 - Present)

Honors & Awards

  • Competitive Scholarship, Oakland University (1977 - 1979)
  • Competitive Scholarship, State of Michigan (1980 - 1983)
  • Cum Laude, University of Michigan (1983)
  • Outstanding Teaching Assistant Award, University of Southern California (1987 - 1991)
  • Antarctic Service Medal, National Science Foundation (1988 - 1989)
  • ARCS Fellowship, University of Southern California (1990 - 1992)
  • Global Change Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship, United States Department of Energy (1992 - 1994)
  • Peer Award for Outstanding Publication, NASA GSFC, Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes (1995)
  • Performance Award, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (1995)
  • Special Act Award, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (1995)
  • Quality Increase Award, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (1996)
  • Special Act Award, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (1997)
  • Frederick E. Terman Fellowship Award, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University (1999-2002)
  • Chair, Gordon Research Conference on Polar Marine Science, Gordon Research Conference (2007)
  • School of Earth Sciences Excellence in Teaching Award, Stanford University (2008)
  • Aldo Leopold Leadership Fellowship, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University (2009)
  • Gerhard Caspar University Fellow in Undergraduate Education, Stanford University (2011-2016)
  • Group Achievement Award for ICESCAPE, NASA (2012)
  • Donald & Donald M. Steel Professor in Earth Sciences, Stanford University (2013-present)

Boards, Advisory Committees, Professional Organizations

  • Director, Earth Systems Program, Stanford University (2015 - Present)
  • Associate Editor, Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeochemistry (2012 - Present)
  • Co-Director, Earth Systems Program, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University (2012 - 2015)
  • Aldo Leopold Leadership Program Committee, Stanford University (2011 - Present)
  • Bing Overseas Studies Program, Faculty Oversight Committee, Stanford University (2011 - Present)
  • Advisory Board, Alliance for Climate Education (2010 - Present)
  • Committee for the Review of Undergraduate majors (C-RUM), Stanford University (2010 - 2013)
  • Faculty of 1000, Contributing Member, Ecosystem Ecology (2010 - 2013)
  • Committee on Academic Computing and Information Services (C-ACIS), Stanford University (2010 - 2011)
  • E-IPER Reauthorization Review Committee, Stanford University (2010 - 2010)
  • Environmental Ventures Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Review Committee, Stanford University (2009 - 2012)
  • Invited Speaker, Recent changes in Arctic Ocean Primary Production. Gordon Research Conference on Polar Marine Science, Lucca (Barga), Italy, March 15-20, Gordon Research Conference (2009 - 2009)
  • Invited Speaker, University of California Santa Cruz, 19 January 2009, University of California Santa Cruz (2009 - 2009)
  • Invited Speaker, Using remote sensing to monitor oceans and ice. Southern Ocean Sentinel program, Hobart, Tasmania (Australia), April 20-25, Southern Ocean Sentinel program (2009 - 2009)
  • Board of Governors, Alternate, Ocean Leadership (2008 - Present)
  • Center for Ocean Solutions Early Career Fellowship, Selection Committee, Stanford University (2008 - Present)
  • Review Editor, Aquatic Biology (2008 - Present)
  • Earth Systems Undergraduate Curriculum Committee, Stanford University (2008 - 2012)
  • Library Committee, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University (2008 - 2012)
  • Advisory Committee for Educational Outreach, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University (2008 - 2011)
  • Branner Library Space Committee, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University (2008 - 2010)
  • Chair, School of Earth Sciences Faculty Search Committee, Marine Chemist/Geochemist, Stanford University (2008 - 2010)
  • School of Earth Sciences Faculty Search Committee, Climate scientist, Stanford University (2008 - 2009)
  • Invited Speaker, Changes in Arctic Ocean primary production, 1998-2008, Arctic Change 2008, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, December 9-12, Arctic Change 2008 (2008 - 2008)
  • Associate Chair, Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University (2007 - Present)
  • Oceans Working Group, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) (2007 - 2009)
  • Chair, Gordon Research Conference on Polar Marine Science, Ventura, CA, March 25-30, Gordon Research Conference (2007 - 2007)
  • Invited Speaker, C.B. van Niel Lecture, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, April 6, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University (2007 - 2007)
  • Invited Speaker, Duke University, 12 January, Duke University (2007 - 2007)
  • Invited Speaker, Nicholas School Marine Laboratory, Duke University, 1 May, Duke University (2007 - 2007)
  • Editorial Board, Annual Reviews of Marine Science (2006 - 2012)
  • Chair, School of Earth Sciences Faculty Search Committee, Physical Oceanographer, Stanford University (2006 - 2007)
  • Committee for School of Earth Sciences Reorganization, Stanford University (2006 - 2007)
  • Invited Participant, SCOR Workshop on Anthropogenic Nitrogen Impacts on the Open Ocean, Norwich, UK, 16-20 November, Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (2006 - 2006)
  • Working Group for Carbon Research, IMBER/SOLAS (2005 - 2011)
  • Director, Graduate Program in Earth, Energy, and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University (2005 - 2010)
  • CEES Faculty Advisory Board, Stanford University (2005 - 2009)
  • Understanding Change Panel (UCP), Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) (2005 - 2008)
  • School of Earth Sciences Faculty Search Committee, Climate scientist, Stanford University (2005 - 2007)
  • Appointment Committee, Suki Hoagland-Senior Lecturer in IPER, Stanford University (2005 - 2005)
  • Geological and Environmental Sciences Faculty Search Committee, Paleobiology, Stanford University (2005 - 2005)
  • Invited Speaker, Oregon State University, 7 December, Oregon State University (2005 - 2005)
  • Vice-Chair, Gordon Research Conference on Polar Marine Science, Gordon Research Conference (2005 - 2005)
  • School of Earth Sciences Council, Stanford University (2004 - 2010)
  • Board of Governors, Alternate, Ocean Leadership (2004 - 2008)
  • Chair, School of Earth Sciences Ph.D/M.S. Academic Programs Committee, Stanford University (2004 - 2005)
  • Geophysics Faculty Search Committee, Computational Global Seismology, Stanford University (2004 - 2005)
  • Invited Speaker, Oregon State University, December 2, Oregon State University (2004 - 2004)
  • Member, The Bering Sea Ecological Study (BEST) Committee, National Science Foundation (2003 - 2006)
  • Carnegie Institute of Washington, Global Ecology/Oceanographer Search Committee, Stanford University (2003 - 2005)
  • Committee on A Science Plan for the North Pacific Research Board, National Research Council of the National Academies (2003 - 2005)
  • Member, Committee on A Science Plan for the North Pacific Research Board, National Research Council of the National Academies (2003 - 2005)
  • Planning committee for the Bering Sea Ecological Study (BEST), National Science Foundation (2003 - 2005)
  • Geophysics Faculty Pre-Search Committee, Stanford University (2003 - 2004)
  • School of Earth Sciences Academic Programs Committee, Stanford University (2003 - 2004)
  • Invited Speaker, Aquatic Sciences Meeting, Salt Lake City, American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (2003 - 2003)
  • Invited Speaker, EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Nice, France, EGS-AGU-EUG (2003 - 2003)
  • Invited Speaker, Gordon Research Conference on Polar Marine Science, Ventura, California, Gordon Research Conference (2003 - 2003)
  • Invited Speaker, The Bering Sea Ecological Study (BEST) Workshop, Seattle, Washington, The Bering Sea Ecological Study (BEST) (2003 - 2003)
  • Invited Speaker, The Royal Society (The Role of the Southern Ocean in Global Processes: An Earth System Science Approach), London, The Royal Society (2003 - 2003)
  • Invited Speaker, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, January 28, University of Southern California (2003 - 2003)
  • Faculty Liaison, The Australia Program, Overseas Studies Program, Stanford University (2002 - Present)
  • Earth Systems Executive Committee, Stanford University (2002 - 2012)
  • Academic Advisor for Sophomores, Stanford University (2002 - 2009)
  • Editor, Oceanography of the Ross Sea, Antarctic Science (2002 - 2002)
  • Invited Speaker, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, January 25, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University (2002 - 2002)
  • Invited Speaker, United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, December, United States Geological Survey (2002 - 2002)
  • Invited Speaker, University of California, Irvine, April 19, University of California, Irvine (2002 - 2002)
  • Invited Speaker, University of California, Santa Barbara, March 12, University of California, Santa Barbara (2002 - 2002)
  • Academic Advisor for Freshmen, Stanford University (2001 - 2008)
  • Interdisciplinary Graduate Program In Environment and Resource (IPER) Advisory Council, Stanford University (2001 - 2008)
  • Stanford's Environmental Initiative, Stanford University (2001 - 2004)
  • Invited Speaker, International Polynya Symposium 2001, Polynyas in Changing Polar Seas, International Polynya Symposium 2001 (2001 - 2001)
  • Invited Speaker, Romberg Tiburon Center, San Francisco State University (2001 - 2001)
  • Panel on Biocomplexity in the Environment/Instrumentation Development for Environmental Activities, National Science Foundation (2001 - 2001)
  • Chair, Department of Geophysics Teaching & Technology Committee, Stanford University (2000 - 2007)
  • Ad-hoc Committee for Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies, Stanford University (2000 - 2005)
  • Curriculum Committee, Geophysics Dept., Stanford University (2000 - 2004)
  • Strategic Planning Committee, Geophysics Dept., Stanford University (2000 - 2004)
  • Technology and Teaching Committee, Geophysics Dept., Stanford University (2000 - 2004)
  • Faculty/Staff Development Committee, Geophysics Dept., Stanford University (2000 - 2003)
  • Member, AGU Committee on Statues and Bylaws, American Geophysical Union (2000 - 2003)
  • Invited speaker, UC Santa Cruz (2000 - 2000)
  • Member, DOE Panel on Ocean Carbon Sequentration Research, Department of Energy (2000 - 2000)
  • Invited speaker, Gordon Research Conference (1998 - 1998)
  • Council of Fellows, Joint Center for Earth System Science, Dept. of Meteorology, University of Maryland (1997 - 1997)
  • Editor, Vol. 73, Antarctic Research Series (1997 - 1997)
  • Invited speaker, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (1997 - 1997)
  • NASA Earth Science Vision team, NASA (1997 - 1997)
  • Visiting Senior Scientist Search Committee, Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes, NASA (1997 - 1997)

Professional Education

  • Ph.D., University of Southern California, Biology (1992)
  • B.S., University of Michigan, Natural Resources (1983)

Contact

  • Academic
    arrigo@stanford.edu
    University - Faculty Department: Department of Earth System Science Position: Professor
    • Y2E2 Building, Room 141
    • Stanford,  California  94305 

Additional Info

Links

Current Research and Scholarly Interests

Research
My students and I use a combination of laboratory and field studies, remote sensing, and computer modeling techniques to understand phytoplankton dynamics in regions ranging from the Southern Ocean to the Red Sea. In particular, we are interested in the role these organisms play in regulating the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide by the ocean, as well as in how they help structure marine ecosystems. We work with colleagues in fields as diverse as molecular biology, glaciology, and physical oceanography to develop a comprehensive understanding of how these ecosystems operate and how they may respond to environmental changes--past, present, and future.

Teaching
I teach courses for graduate and undergraduate students on ocean biogeochemistry, global environmental change, satellite remote sensing, numerical ecosystem modeling, and biological oceanography. I also co-teach a field course on coral reef ecology as part of Stanford's Overseas Studies Program in Australia.

Professional Activities
Chair, Gordon Research Conference on Polar Marine Science, 2007; Editorial Board, Annual Reviews, 2006-present; IMBER/SOLAS Working Group for Carbon Research, 2005-present; Board of Governors, Alternate, Joint Oceanographic Institutions, 2004-present; Vice-Chair, Gordon Research Conference on Polar Marine Science, 2005; Member, Bering Sea Ecological Study (BEST) Committee, National Science Foundation, March 2003-present; Member, Committee on A Science Plan for the North Pacific Research Board, National Research Council of the National Academies, 2003-2005; Editor, Ross Sea Oceanography, Antarctic Science, Volume 15, 2003

Projects

  • Research Project, Stanford University

    Location

    Arctic Ocean

  • Research Project, Stanford University

    Location

    Antarctica

2024-25 Courses

Stanford Advisees

All Publications

  • Response of indicator species to changes in food web and ocean dynamics of the Ross Sea, Antarctica ANTARCTIC SCIENCE Ainley, D. G., Morandini, V., Salas, L., Nur, N., Rotella, J., Barton, K., Lyver, P., Goetz, K. T., Larue, M., Foster-Dyer, R., Parkinson, C. L., Arrigo, K. R., Van Dijken, G., Beltran, R. S., Kim, S., Brooks, C., Kooyman, G., Ponganis, P. J., Shanhun, F., Anderson, D. P. 2024

    View details for DOI 10.1017/S0954102024000191

    View details for Web of Science ID 001315723400001

  • The role of biota in the Southern Ocean carbon cycle (vol 5, pg 390, 2024 ) NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT Boyd, P. W., Arrigo, K. R., Ardyna, M., Halfter, S., Huckstadt, L., Kuhn, A. M., Lannuzel, D., Neukermans, G., Novaglio, C., Shadwick, E. H., Swart, S., Thomalla, S. J. 2024

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s43017-024-00585-3

    View details for Web of Science ID 001274233100001

  • The Arctic Ocean Nitrogen Cycle JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES Arrigo, K. R., Mills, M. M., Juranek, L. W. 2024; 129 (7)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2024JG008088

    View details for Web of Science ID 001275581900001

  • The role of biota in the Southern Ocean carbon cycle NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT Boyd, P. W., Arrigo, K. R., Ardyna, M., Halfter, S., Huckstadt, L., Kuhn, A. M., Lannuzel, D., Neukermans, G., Novaglio, C., Shadwick, E. H., Swart, S., Thomalla, S. J. 2024

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s43017-024-00531-3

    View details for Web of Science ID 001200408600001

  • Pan-Arctic analysis of the frequency of under-ice and marginal ice zone phytoplankton blooms, 2003-2021 ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE Payne, C. M., van Dijken, G. L., Arrigo, K. R. 2024; 12 (1)

    View details for DOI 10.1525/elementa.2023.00076

    View details for Web of Science ID 001219503200001

  • The Pacific water flow branches in the eastern Chukchi Sea PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY Pickart, R. S., Lin, P., Bahr, F., Mcraven, L. T., Huang, J., Pacini, A., Arrigo, K. R., Ashjian, C. J., Berchok, C., Baumgartner, M. F., Cho, K., Cooper, L. W., Danielson, S. L., Dasher, D., Fuiwara, A., Gann, J., Grebmeier, J. M., He, J., Hirawake, T., Itoh, M., Juranek, L., Kikuchi, T., Moore, G. K., Napp, J., Nelson, R., Nishino, S., Statscewich, H., Stabeno, P., Stafford, K. M., Ueno, H., Vagle, S., Weingartner, T. J., Williams, B., Zimmermann, S. 2023; 219

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103169

    View details for Web of Science ID 001149266600001

  • Macronutrient biogeochemistry in Antarctic land-fast sea ice: Insights from a circumpolar data compilation MARINE CHEMISTRY Henley, S. F., Cozzi, S., Fripiat, F., Lannuzel, D., Nomura, D., Thomas, D. N., Meinersg, K. M., Vancoppenollej, M., Arrigo, K., Stefels, J., van Leeuwe, M., Moreau, S., Jones, E. M., Fransson, A., Chierici, M., Delilleo, B. 2023; 257

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.marchem.2023.104324

    View details for Web of Science ID 001107720600001

  • Rapid climate change alters the environment and biological production of the Indian Ocean. The Science of the total environment Dalpadado, P., Roxy, M. K., Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G. L., Chierici, M., Ostrowski, M., Skern-Mauritzen, R., Bakke, G., Richardson, A. J., Sperfeld, E. 2023: 167342

    Abstract

    We synthesize and review the impacts of climate change on the physical, chemical, and biological environments of the Indian Ocean and discuss mitigating actions and knowledge gaps. The most recent climate scenarios identify with high certainty that the Indian Ocean (IO) is experiencing one of the fastest surface warming among the world's oceans. The area of surface waters of >28 °C (IO Warm Pool) has significantly increased during 2012-2021 by expanding into the northern-central basins. A significant decrease in pH and aragonite (building blocks of calcified organisms) levels in the IO was observed from 1981 to 2020 due to an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. There are also signals of decreasing trends in primary productivity in the north, likely related to enhanced stratification and nutrient depletion. Further, the rapid warming of the IO will manifest more extreme weather conditions along its adjacent continents and oceans, including marine heat waves that are likely to reshape biodiversity. However, the impact of climate change beyond the unprecedented warming, increase in marine heat waves, expansion of the IO Warm Pool, and decrease in pH, remains uncertain for many other key variables in the IO including changes in salinity, oxygen, and net primary production. Understanding the response of these physical, chemical, and biological variables to climate change is vital to project future changes in regional fisheries and identify mitigation actions. We accordingly conclude by identifying knowledge gaps and recommending directions for sustainable fisheries and climate impact studies.

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167342

    View details for PubMedID 37758130

  • Spatial and Interannual Variability of Antarctic Sea Ice Bottom Algal Habitat, 2004-2019 JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Lim, S. M., van Dijken, G. L., Arrigo, K. R. 2023; 128 (9)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2023JC020055

    View details for Web of Science ID 001066910600001

  • Similarity in phytoplankton photophysiology among under-ice, marginal ice, and open water environments of Baffin Bay (Arctic Ocean) ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE Joy-Warren, H. L., Lewis, K. M., Ardyna, M., Tremblay, J., Babin, M., Arrigo, K. R. 2023; 11 (1)

    View details for DOI 10.1525/elementa.2021.00080

    View details for Web of Science ID 000989742800001

  • Light, ammonium, pH, and phytoplankton competition as environmental factors controlling nitrification LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Proctor, C., Coupel, P., Casciotti, K., Tremblay, J., Zakem, E., Arrigo, K. R., Mills, M. M. 2023

    View details for DOI 10.1002/lno.12359

    View details for Web of Science ID 000981204400001

  • Sensitivity of the Relationship Between Antarctic Ice Shelves and Iron Supply to Projected Changes in the Atmospheric Forcing JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Dinniman, M. S., St-Laurent, P., Arrigo, K. R., Hofmann, E. E., van Dijken, G. L. 2023; 128 (2)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2022JC019210

    View details for Web of Science ID 000936182700001

  • Wildfire aerosol deposition likely amplified a summertime Arctic phytoplankton bloom COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT Ardyna, M., Hamilton, D. S., Harmel, T., Lacour, L., Bernstein, D. N., Laliberte, J., Horvat, C., Laxenaire, R., Mills, M. M., van Dijken, G., Polyakov, I., Claustre, H., Mahowald, N., Arrigo, K. 2022; 3 (1)

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s43247-022-00511-9

    View details for Web of Science ID 000855460400002

  • Seasonal Water Mass Evolution and Non-Redfield Dynamics Enhance CO2 Uptake in the Chukchi Sea JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Zhangxian, O., Collins, A., Li, Y., Qi, D., Arrigo, K. R., Zhuang, Y., Nishino, S., Humphreys, M. P., Kosugi, N., Murata, A., Kirchman, D. L., Chen, L., Chen, J., Cai, W. 2022; 127 (8)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2021JC018326

    View details for Web of Science ID 000837052800001

  • Seasonal Water Mass Evolution and Non-Redfield Dynamics Enhance CO2 Uptake in the Chukchi Sea. Journal of geophysical research. Oceans Ouyang, Z., Collins, A., Li, Y., Qi, D., Arrigo, K. R., Zhuang, Y., Nishino, S., Humphreys, M. P., Kosugi, N., Murata, A., Kirchman, D. L., Chen, L., Chen, J., Cai, W. J. 2022; 127 (8): e2021JC018326

    Abstract

    The Chukchi Sea is an increasing CO2 sink driven by rapid climate changes. Understanding the seasonal variation of air-sea CO2 exchange and the underlying mechanisms of biogeochemical dynamics is important for predicting impacts of climate change on and feedbacks by the ocean. Here, we present a unique data set of underway sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and discrete samples of biogeochemical properties collected in five consecutive cruises in 2014 and examine the seasonal variations in air-sea CO2 flux and net community production (NCP). We found that thermal and non-thermal effects have different impacts on sea surface pCO2 and thus the air-sea CO2 flux in different water masses. The Bering summer water combined with meltwater has a significantly greater atmospheric CO2 uptake potential than that of the Alaskan Coastal Water in the southern Chukchi Sea in summer, due to stronger biological CO2 removal and a weaker thermal effect. By analyzing the seasonal drawdown of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nutrients, we found that DIC-based NCP was higher than nitrate-based NCP by 66%-84% and attributable to partially decoupled C and N uptake because of a variable phytoplankton stoichiometry. A box model with a non-Redfield C:N uptake ratio can adequately reproduce observed pCO2 and DIC, which reveals that, during the intensive growing season (late spring to early summer), 30%-46% CO2 uptake in the Chukchi Sea was supported by a flexible stoichiometry of phytoplankton. These findings have important ramification for forecasting the responses of CO2 uptake of the Chukchi ecosystem to climate change.

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2021JC018326

    View details for PubMedID 36589206

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC9787980

  • Springtime phytoplankton responses to light and iron availability along the western Antarctic Peninsula LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Joy-Warren, H. L., Alderkamp, A., van Dijken, G. L., Jabre, L., Bertrand, E. M., Baldonado, E. N., Glickman, M. W., Lewis, K. M., Middag, R., Seyitmuhammedov, K., Lowry, K. E., van de Poll, W., Arrigo, K. R. 2022

    View details for DOI 10.1002/lno.12035

    View details for Web of Science ID 000755549000001

  • The distribution of Fe across the shelf of the Western Antarctic Peninsula at the start of the phytoplankton growing season MARINE CHEMISTRY Seyitmuhammedov, K., Stirling, C. H., Reid, M. R., van Hale, R., Laan, P., Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G., Alderkamp, A., Middag, R. 2022; 238

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.marchem.2021.104066

    View details for Web of Science ID 000750835300001

  • Increases in Arctic sea ice algal habitat, 1985-2018 Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene Lim, S. M., Payne, C. M., van Dijken, G. L., Arrigo, K. R. 2022; 10 (1)

    View details for DOI 10.1525/elementa.2022.00008

  • Warming of the Indian Ocean and its impact on temporal and spatial dynamics of primary production PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY Dalpadado, P., Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G. L., Gunasekara, S. S., Ostrowski, M., Bianchi, G., Sperfeld, E. 2021; 198

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102688

    View details for Web of Science ID 000709947600001

  • UCYN-A/haptophyte symbioses dominate N2 fixation in the Southern California Current System. ISME communications Turk-Kubo, K. A., Mills, M. M., Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G., Henke, B. A., Stewart, B., Wilson, S. T., Zehr, J. P. 2021; 1 (1): 42

    Abstract

    The availability of fixed nitrogen (N) is an important factor limiting biological productivity in the oceans. In coastal waters, high dissolved inorganic N concentrations were historically thought to inhibit dinitrogen (N2) fixation, however, recent N2 fixation measurements and the presence of the N2-fixing UCYN-A/haptophyte symbiosis in nearshore waters challenge this paradigm. We characterized the contribution of UCYN-A symbioses to nearshore N2 fixation in the Southern California Current System (SCCS) by measuring bulk community and single-cell N2 fixation rates, as well as diazotroph community composition and abundance. UCYN-A1 and UCYN-A2 symbioses dominated diazotroph communities throughout the region during upwelling and oceanic seasons. Bulk N2 fixation was detected in most surface samples, with rates up to 23.0 ± 3.8 nmol N l-1 d-1, and was often detected at the deep chlorophyll maximum in the presence of nitrate (>1 µM). UCYN-A2 symbiosis N2 fixation rates were higher (151.1 ± 112.7 fmol N cell-1 d-1) than the UCYN-A1 symbiosis (6.6 ± 8.8 fmol N cell-1 d-1). N2 fixation by the UCYN-A1 symbiosis accounted for a majority of the measured bulk rates at two offshore stations, while the UCYN-A2 symbiosis was an important contributor in three nearshore stations. This report of active UCYN-A symbioses and broad mesoscale distribution patterns establishes UCYN-A symbioses as the dominant diazotrophs in the SCCS, where heterocyst-forming and unicellular cyanobacteria are less prevalent, and provides evidence that the two dominant UCYN-A sublineages are separate ecotypes.

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s43705-021-00039-7

    View details for PubMedID 36740625

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC9723760

  • Fe-binding organic ligands in coastal and frontal regions of the western Antarctic Peninsula BIOGEOSCIENCES Ardiningsih, I., Seyitmuhammedov, K., Sander, S. G., Stirling, C. H., Reichart, G., Arrigo, K. R., Gerringa, L. A., Middag, R. 2021; 18 (15): 4587-4601

    View details for DOI 10.5194/bg-18-4587-2021

    View details for Web of Science ID 000685170200001

  • Physical Controls on the Macrofaunal Benthic Biomass in Barrow Canyon, Chukchi Sea JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Pickart, R. S., Spall, M. A., Lin, P., Bahr, F., McRaven, L. T., Arrigo, K. R., Grebmeier, J. M. 2021; 126 (5)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2020JC017091

    View details for Web of Science ID 000654462400027

  • Response of Lower Sacramento River phytoplankton to high-ammonium wastewater effluent Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene Strong, A. L., Mills, M. M., Huang, I. B., van Dijken, G. L., Driscoll, S. E., Berg, G. M., Kudela, R. M., Monismith, S. G., Francis, C. A., Arrigo, K. R. 2021; 9(1)

    View details for DOI 10.1525/elementa.2021.040

  • Massive Southern Ocean phytoplankton bloom fed by iron of possible hydrothermal origin. Nature communications Schine, C. M., Alderkamp, A., van Dijken, G., Gerringa, L. J., Sergi, S., Laan, P., van Haren, H., van de Poll, W. H., Arrigo, K. R. 2021; 12 (1): 1211

    Abstract

    Primary production in the Southern Ocean (SO) is limited by iron availability. Hydrothermal vents have been identified as a potentially important source of iron to SO surface waters. Here we identify a recurring phytoplankton bloom in the high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll waters of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Pacific sector of the SO, that we argue is fed by iron of hydrothermal origin. In January 2014 the bloom covered an area of ~266,000 km2 with depth-integrated chlorophyll a>300mgm-2, primary production rates >1gC m-2 d-1, and a mean CO2 flux of -0.38gC m-2 d-1. The elevated iron supporting this bloom is likely of hydrothermal origin based on the recurrent position of the bloom relative to two active hydrothermal vent fields along the Australian Antarctic Ridge and the association of the elevated iron with a distinct water mass characteristic of a nonbuoyant hydrothermal vent plume.

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s41467-021-21339-5

    View details for PubMedID 33619262

  • Under-Ice Phytoplankton Blooms: Shedding Light on the "Invisible" Part of Arctic Primary Production FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE Ardyna, M., Mundy, C. J., Mayot, N., Matthes, L. C., Oziel, L., Horvat, C., Leu, E., Assmy, P., Hill, V., Matrai, P. A., Gale, M., Melnikov, I. A., Arrigo, K. R. 2020; 7

    View details for DOI 10.3389/fmars.2020.608032

    View details for Web of Science ID 000595135900001

  • Dissolved Trace Metals in the Ross Sea FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE Gerringa, L. A., Alderkamp, A., van Dijken, G., Laan, P., Middag, R., Arrigo, K. R. 2020; 7

    View details for DOI 10.3389/fmars.2020.577098

    View details for Web of Science ID 000585735100001

  • Comparison of Cloud-Filling Algorithms for Marine Satellite Data REMOTE SENSING Stock, A., Subramaniam, A., Van Dijken, G. L., Wedding, L. M., Arrigo, K. R., Mills, M. M., Cameron, M. A., Micheli, F. 2020; 12 (20)

    View details for DOI 10.3390/rs12203313

    View details for Web of Science ID 000585680200001

  • Phytoplankton dynamics in a changing Arctic Ocean NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE Ardyna, M., Arrigo, K. 2020; 10 (10): 892–903

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s41558-020-0905-y

    View details for Web of Science ID 000572717200002

  • Summer High-Wind Events and Phytoplankton Productivity in the Arctic Ocean JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Crawford, A. D., Krumhardt, K. M., Lovenduski, N. S., van Dijken, G. L., Arrigo, K. R. 2020; 125 (9)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2020JC016565

    View details for Web of Science ID 000576619900004

  • The Atlantic Water Boundary Current in the Chukchi Borderland and Southern Canada Basin JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Li, J., Pickart, R. S., Lin, P., Bahr, F., Arrigo, K. R., Juranek, L., Yang, X. 2020; 125 (8)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2020JC016197

    View details for Web of Science ID 000577126400043

  • Environmental drivers of under-ice phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the Arctic Ocean ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE Ardyna, M., Mundy, C. J., Mills, M. M., Oziel, L., Grondin, P., Lacour, L., Verin, G., Van Dijken, G., Ras, J., Alou-Font, E., Babin, M., Gosselin, M., Tremblay, J., Raimbault, P., Assmy, P., Nicolaus, M., Claustre, H., Arrigo, K. R. 2020; 8

    View details for DOI 10.1525/elementa.430

    View details for Web of Science ID 000547946800001

  • Unusual marine cyanobacteria/haptophyte symbiosis relies on N2 fixation even in N-rich environments. The ISME journal Mills, M. M., Turk-Kubo, K. A., van Dijken, G. L., Henke, B. A., Harding, K., Wilson, S. T., Arrigo, K. R., Zehr, J. P. 2020

    Abstract

    The microbial fixation of N2 is the largest source of biologically available nitrogen (N) to the oceans. However, it is the most energetically expensive N-acquisition process and is believed inhibited when less energetically expensive forms, like dissolved inorganic N (DIN), are available. Curiously, the cosmopolitan N2-fixing UCYN-A/haptophyte symbiosis grows in DIN-replete waters, but the sensitivity of their N2 fixation to DIN is unknown. We used stable isotope incubations, catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in-situ hybridization (CARD-FISH), and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS), to investigate the N source used by the haptophyte host and sensitivity of UCYN-A N2 fixation in DIN-replete waters. We demonstrate that under our experimental conditions, the haptophyte hosts of two UCYN-A sublineages do not assimilate nitrate (NO3-) and meet little of their N demands via ammonium (NH4+) uptake. Instead the UCYN-A/haptophyte symbiosis relies on UCYN-A N2 fixation to supply large portions of the haptophyte's N requirements, even under DIN-replete conditions. Furthermore, UCYN-A N2 fixation rates, and haptophyte host carbon fixation rates, were at times stimulated by NO3- additions in N-limited waters suggesting a link between the activities of the bulk phytoplankton assemblage and the UCYN-A/haptophyte symbiosis. The results suggest N2 fixation may be an evolutionarily viable strategy for diazotroph-eukaryote symbioses, even in N-rich coastal or high latitude waters.

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s41396-020-0691-6

    View details for PubMedID 32523086

  • Climate effects on temporal and spatial dynamics of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Barents Sea PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY Dalpadado, P., Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G. L., Skjoldal, H., Bagoien, E., Dolgov, A., Prokopchuk, I. P., Sperfeld, E. 2020; 185

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102320

    View details for Web of Science ID 000538104400002

  • Analysis of Iron Sources in Antarctic Continental Shelf Waters JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Dinniman, M. S., St-Laurent, P., Arrigo, K. R., Hofmann, E. E., van Dijken, G. L. 2020; 125 (5)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2019JC015736

    View details for Web of Science ID 000548601000034

  • Light Is the Primary Driver of Early Season Phytoplankton Production Along the Western Antarctic Peninsula JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Joy-Warren, H. L., van Dijken, G. L., Alderkamp, A., Leventer, A., Lewis, K. M., Selz, V., Lowry, K. E., van de Poll, W., Arrigo, K. R. 2019

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2019JC015295

    View details for Web of Science ID 000494920600001

  • Characteristics and Transformation of Pacific Winter Water on the Chukchi Sea Shelf in Late Spring JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Pacini, A., Moore, G. K., Pickart, R. S., Nobre, C., Bahr, F., Vage, K., Arrigo, K. R. 2019

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2019JC015261

    View details for Web of Science ID 000492089900001

  • Zooplankton and micronekton respond to climate fluctuations in the Amundsen Sea polynya, Antarctica. Scientific reports La, H. S., Park, K., Wahlin, A., Arrigo, K. R., Kim, D. S., Yang, E. J., Atkinson, A., Fielding, S., Im, J., Kim, T., Shin, H. C., Lee, S., Ha, H. K. 2019; 9 (1): 10087

    Abstract

    The vertical migration of zooplankton and micronekton (hereafter 'zooplankton') has ramifications throughout the food web. Here, we present the first evidence that climate fluctuations affect the vertical migration of zooplankton in the Southern Ocean, based on multi-year acoustic backscatter data from one of the deep troughs in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica. High net primary productivity (NPP) and the annual variation in seasonal ice cover make the Amundsen Sea coastal polynya an ideal site in which to examine how zooplankton behavior responds to climate fluctuations. Our observations show that the timing of the seasonal vertical migration and abundance of zooplankton in the seasonally varying sea ice is correlated with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Zooplankton in this region migrate seasonally and overwinter at depth, returning to the surface in spring. During +SAM/La Nina periods, the at-depth overwintering period is shorter compared to -SAM/El Nino periods, and return to the surface layers starts earlier in the year. These differences may result from the higher sea ice cover and decreased NPP during +SAM/La Nina periods. This observation points to a new link between global climate fluctuations and the polar marine food web.

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s41598-019-46423-1

    View details for PubMedID 31300750

  • Effects of iron and light availability on phytoplankton photosynthetic properties in the Ross Sea MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Alderkamp, A., van Dijken, G. L., Lowry, K. E., Lewis, K. M., Joy-Warren, H. L., van de Poll, W., Laan, P., Gerringa, L., Delmont, T. O., Jenkins, B. D., Arrigo, K. R. 2019; 621: 33–50

    View details for DOI 10.3354/meps13000

    View details for Web of Science ID 000485734200003

  • Water Mass Evolution and Circulation of the Northeastern Chukchi Sea in Summer: Implications for Nutrient Distributions JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Lin, P., Pickart, R. S., McRaven, L. T., Arrigo, K. R., Bahr, F., Lowry, K. E., Stockwell, D. A., Mordy, C. W. 2019; 124 (7): 4416–32

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2019JC015185

    View details for Web of Science ID 000482059700003

  • Seasonal to mesoscale variability of water masses and atmospheric conditions in Barrow Canyon, Chukchi Sea DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Pickart, R. S., Nobre, C., Lin, P., Arrigo, K. R., Ashjian, C. J., Berchok, C., Cooper, L. W., Grebmeier, J. M., Hartwell, I., He, J., Itoh, M., Kikuchi, T., Nishino, S., Vagle, S. 2019; 162: 32–49

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.02.003

    View details for Web of Science ID 000474677400004

  • Benthic fluxes of trace metals in the Chukchi Sea and their transport into the Arctic Ocean MARINE CHEMISTRY Vieira, L. H., Achterberg, E. P., Scholten, J., Beck, A. J., Liebetrau, V., Mills, M. M., Arrigo, K. R. 2019; 208: 43–55

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.marchem.2018.11.001

    View details for Web of Science ID 000458595200004

  • Fine-scale oceanographic features characterizing successful Adelie penguin foraging in the SW Ross Sea MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Ballard, G., Schmidt, A. E., Toniolo, V., Veloz, S., Jongsomjit, D., Arrigo, K. R., Ainley, D. G. 2019; 608: 263–77

    View details for DOI 10.3354/meps12801

    View details for Web of Science ID 000456206700018

  • Hydrothermal vents trigger massive phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean. Nature communications Ardyna, M. n., Lacour, L. n., Sergi, S. n., d'Ovidio, F. n., Sallée, J. B., Rembauville, M. n., Blain, S. n., Tagliabue, A. n., Schlitzer, R. n., Jeandel, C. n., Arrigo, K. R., Claustre, H. n. 2019; 10 (1): 2451

    Abstract

    Hydrothermal activity is significant in regulating the dynamics of trace elements in the ocean. Biogeochemical models suggest that hydrothermal iron might play an important role in the iron-depleted Southern Ocean by enhancing the biological pump. However, the ability of this mechanism to affect large-scale biogeochemistry and the pathways by which hydrothermal iron reach the surface layer have not been observationally constrained. Here we present the first observational evidence of upwelled hydrothermally influenced deep waters stimulating massive phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean. Captured by profiling floats, two blooms were observed in the vicinity of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, downstream of active hydrothermal vents along the Southwest Indian Ridge. These hotspots of biological activity are supported by mixing of hydrothermally sourced iron stimulated by flow-topography interactions. Such findings reveal the important role of hydrothermal vents on surface biogeochemistry, potentially fueling local hotspot sinks for atmospheric CO2 by enhancing the biological pump.

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s41467-019-09973-6

    View details for PubMedID 31165724

  • A DECISION FRAMEWORK FOR INTERVENTIONS TO INCREASE THE PERSISTENCE AND RESILIENCE OF CORAL REEFS Introduction DECISION FRAMEWORK FOR INTERVENTIONS TO INCREASE THE PERSISTENCE AND RESILIENCE OF CORAL REEFS Palumbi, S. R., Anthony, K. N., Baker, A. C., Baskett, M. L., Bhattacharya, D., Bourne, D. G., Knowlton, N., Logan, C. A., Naish, K. A., Richmond, R. H., Smith, T. B., Von Stackelberg, K., Mayer, L. A., Arnosti, C., Arrigo, K. R., Chance, T. R., Heimbach, P., Humphris, S. E., MacDonald, A., Miller, T., Moran, S., Perry, R. M., Sanchirico, J., Spalding, M. H., Spinrad, R., Spring, M., Wartzok, D., White, L. D., Winokur, R. S., Collins, J. P., Aguirre, A., Bond, E. C., Brossard, D., Cone, R. D., Connell, N. D., Decatur, S. M., Ecker, J. R., Edwards, S. V., Epstein, G., Full, R. J., Heitman, E., Maxon, M. E., Newman, R., O'Brien, S. J., Pomeroy, C., Power, M. E., Singer, S., Skirboll, L., Walt, D. R., Comm Interventions Increase, Ocean Studies Board, Board Life Sci, Div Earth Life Studies, Natl Acad Sci, Natl Acad Engn, Natl Acad Med, Natl Acad Sci Engn Med 2019: 19–32

    View details for Web of Science ID 000585248200003

  • Nitrogen Limitation of the Summer Phytoplankton and Heterotrophic Prokaryote Communities in the Chukchi Sea FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE Mills, M. M., Brown, Z. W., Laney, S. R., Ortega-Retuerta, E., Lowry, K. E., van Dijken, G. L., Arrigo, K. R. 2018; 5

    View details for DOI 10.3389/fmars.2018.00362

    View details for Web of Science ID 000457523900001

  • Drivers of Ice Algal Bloom Variability Between 1980 and 2015 in the Chukchi Sea JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Selz, V., Saenz, B. T., van Dijken, G. L., Arrigo, K. R. 2018; 123 (10): 7037–52

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2018JC014123

    View details for Web of Science ID 000451274900004

  • Phytoplankton and bacterial dynamics on the Chukchi Sea Shelf during the spring-summer transition MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Connell, P. E., Michel, C., Meisterhans, G., Arrigo, K. R., Caron, D. A. 2018; 602: 49–62

    View details for DOI 10.3354/meps12692

    View details for Web of Science ID 000446468000004

  • Optically-derived estimates of phytoplankton size class and taxonomic group biomass in the Eastern Subarctic Pacific Ocean DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS Zeng, C., Rosengard, S. Z., Burt, W., Pena, M., Nemcek, N., Zeng, T., Arrigo, K. R., Tortell, P. D. 2018; 136: 107–18

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2018.04.001

    View details for Web of Science ID 000436917000008

  • Ice algal communities in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas in spring and early summer: Composition, distribution, and coupling with phytoplankton assemblages LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Selz, V., Laney, S., Arnsten, A. E., Lewis, K. M., Lowry, K. E., Joy-Warren, H. L., Mills, M. M., van Dijken, G. L., Arrigo, K. R. 2018; 63 (3): 1109–33

    View details for DOI 10.1002/lno.10757

    View details for Web of Science ID 000432019600005

  • Carbon and nitrogen zooplankton isoscapes in West Antarctica reflect oceanographic transitions MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Brault, E. K., Koch, P. L., McMahon, K. W., Broach, K. H., Rosenfield, A. P., Sauthoff, W., Loeb, V. J., Arrigo, K. R., Smith, W. O. 2018; 593: 29–45

    View details for DOI 10.3354/meps12524

    View details for Web of Science ID 000431203300003

  • Exploring the Potential Impact of Greenland Meltwater on Stratification, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, and Primary Production in the Labrador Sea JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Oliver, H., Luo, H., Castelao, R. M., van Dijken, G. L., Mattingly, K. S., Rosen, J. J., Mote, T. L., Arrigo, K. R., Rennermalm, A. K., Tedesco, M., Yager, P. L. 2018; 123 (4): 2570–91

    View details for DOI 10.1002/2018JC013802

    View details for Web of Science ID 000434131900015

  • Satellite sensor requirements for monitoring essential biodiversity variables of coastal ecosystems ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS Muller-Karger, F. E., Hestir, E., Ade, C., Turpie, K., Roberts, D. A., Siegel, D., Miller, R. J., Humm, D., Izenberg, N., Keller, M., Morgan, F., Frouin, R., Dekker, A. G., Gardner, R., Goodman, J., Schaeffer, B., Franz, B. A., Pahlevan, N., Mannino, A. G., Concha, J. A., Ackleson, S. G., Cavanaugh, K. C., Romanou, A., Tzortziou, M., Boss, E. S., Pavlick, R., Freeman, A., Rousseaux, C. S., Dunne, J., Long, M. C., Klein, E., McKinley, G. A., Goes, J., Letelier, R., Kavanaugh, M., Roffer, M., Bracher, A., Arrigo, K. R., Dierssen, H., Zhang, X., Davis, F. W., Best, B., Guralnick, R., Moisan, J., Sosik, H. M., Kudela, R., Mouw, C. B., Barnard, A. H., Palacios, S., Roesler, C., Drakou, E. G., Appeltans, W., Jetz, W. 2018; 28 (3): 749–60

    Abstract

    The biodiversity and high productivity of coastal terrestrial and aquatic habitats are the foundation for important benefits to human societies around the world. These globally distributed habitats need frequent and broad systematic assessments, but field surveys only cover a small fraction of these areas. Satellite-based sensors can repeatedly record the visible and near-infrared reflectance spectra that contain the absorption, scattering, and fluorescence signatures of functional phytoplankton groups, colored dissolved matter, and particulate matter near the surface ocean, and of biologically structured habitats (floating and emergent vegetation, benthic habitats like coral, seagrass, and algae). These measures can be incorporated into Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs), including the distribution, abundance, and traits of groups of species populations, and used to evaluate habitat fragmentation. However, current and planned satellites are not designed to observe the EBVs that change rapidly with extreme tides, salinity, temperatures, storms, pollution, or physical habitat destruction over scales relevant to human activity. Making these observations requires a new generation of satellite sensors able to sample with these combined characteristics: (1) spatial resolution on the order of 30 to 100-m pixels or smaller; (2) spectral resolution on the order of 5 nm in the visible and 10 nm in the short-wave infrared spectrum (or at least two or more bands at 1,030, 1,240, 1,630, 2,125, and/or 2,260 nm) for atmospheric correction and aquatic and vegetation assessments; (3) radiometric quality with signal to noise ratios (SNR) above 800 (relative to signal levels typical of the open ocean), 14-bit digitization, absolute radiometric calibration <2%, relative calibration of 0.2%, polarization sensitivity <1%, high radiometric stability and linearity, and operations designed to minimize sunglint; and (4) temporal resolution of hours to days. We refer to these combined specifications as H4 imaging. Enabling H4 imaging is vital for the conservation and management of global biodiversity and ecosystem services, including food provisioning and water security. An agile satellite in a 3-d repeat low-Earth orbit could sample 30-km swath images of several hundred coastal habitats daily. Nine H4 satellites would provide weekly coverage of global coastal zones. Such satellite constellations are now feasible and are used in various applications.

    View details for PubMedID 29509310

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5947264

  • Microalgal community structure and primary production in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE van Leeuwe, M. A., Tedesco, L., Arrigo, K. R., Assmy, P., Campbell, K., Meiners, K. M., Rintala, J., Selz, V., Thomas, D. N., Stefels, J. 2018; 6

    View details for DOI 10.1525/elementa.267

    View details for Web of Science ID 000422719500001

  • Distribution of Phaeocystis antarctica-dominated sea ice algal communities and their potential to seed phytoplankton across the western Antarctic Peninsula in spring MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Selz, V., Lowry, K. E., Lewis, K. M., Joy-Warren, H. L., van de Poll, W., Nirmel, S., Tong, A., Arrigo, K. R. 2018; 586: 91–112

    View details for DOI 10.3354/meps12367

    View details for Web of Science ID 000422850500007

  • Under-Ice Phytoplankton Blooms Inhibited by Spring Convective Mixing in Refreezing Leads JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Lowry, K. E., Pickart, R. S., Selz, V., Mills, M. M., Pacini, A., Lewis, K. M., Joy-Warren, H. L., Nobre, C., van Dijken, G. L., Grondin, P., Ferland, J., Arrigo, K. R. 2018; 123 (1): 90–109

    View details for DOI 10.1002/2016JC012575

    View details for Web of Science ID 000425589800007

  • Early Spring Phytoplankton Dynamics in the Western Antarctic Peninsula JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G. L., Alderkamp, A., Erickson, Z. K., Lewis, K. M., Lowry, K. E., Joy-Warren, H. L., Middag, R., Nash-Arrigo, J. E., Selz, V., van de Poll, W. 2017; 122 (12): 9350–69

    View details for DOI 10.1002/2017JC013281

    View details for Web of Science ID 000422732100003

  • Late Spring Nitrate Distributions Beneath the Ice-Covered Northeastern Chukchi Shelf JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES Arrigo, K. R., Mills, M. M., van Dijken, G. L., Lowry, K. E., Pickart, R. S., Schlitzer, R. 2017; 122 (9): 2409–17

    View details for DOI 10.1002/2017JG003881

    View details for Web of Science ID 000412729100016

  • Melting glaciers stimulate large summer phytoplankton blooms in southwest Greenland waters GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G. L., Castelao, R. M., Luo, H., Rennermalm, A. K., Tedesco, M., Mote, T. L., Oliver, H., Yager, P. L. 2017; 44 (12): 6278–85

    View details for DOI 10.1002/2017GL073583

    View details for Web of Science ID 000405854200047

  • Macro-nutrient concentrations in Antarctic pack ice: Overall patterns and overlooked processes ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE Fripiat, F., Meiners, K. M., Vancoppenolle, M., Papadimitriou, S., Thomas, D. N., Ackley, S. F., Arrigo, K. R., Carnat, G., Cozzi, S., Delille, B., Dieckmann, G. S., Dunbar, R. B., Fransson, A., Kattner, G., Kennedy, H., Lannuzel, D., Munro, D. R., Nomura, D., Rintala, J., Schoemann, V., Stefels, J., Steiner, N., Tison, J. 2017; 5

    View details for DOI 10.1525/elementa.217

    View details for Web of Science ID 000397959000001

  • Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY Hunt, G. L., Drinkwater, K. F., Arrigo, K., Berge, J., Daly, K. L., Danielson, S., Daase, M., Hop, H., Isla, E., Karnovsky, N., Laidre, K., Mueter, F. J., Murphy, E. J., Renaud, P. E., Smith, W. O., Trathan, P., Turner, J., Wolf-Gladrow, D. 2016; 149: 40-81

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2016.10.004

    View details for Web of Science ID 000390723200004

  • Regional chlorophyll a algorithms in the Arctic Ocean and their effect on satellite-derived primary production estimates DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Lewis, K. M., Mitchell, B. G., van Dijken, G. L., Arrigo, K. R. 2016; 130: 14-27

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.04.020

    View details for Web of Science ID 000381592900003

  • Mass balance estimates of carbon export in different water masses of the Chukchi Sea shelf DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Strong, A. L., Lowry, K. E., Brown, Z. W., Mills, M. M., Van Dijken, G. L., Pickart, R. S., Cooper, L. W., Frey, K. E., Benner, R., Fichot, C. G., Mathis, J. T., Bates, N. R., Arrigo, K. R. 2016; 130: 88-99

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.05.003

    View details for Web of Science ID 000381592900008

  • Decadal trends in air-sea CO2 exchange in the Ross Sea (Antarctica) GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Tagliabue, A., Arrigo, K. R. 2016; 43 (10): 5271-5278

    View details for DOI 10.1002/2016GL069071

    View details for Web of Science ID 000378347500074

  • Spatial analysis of trends in primary production and relationship with large-scale climate variability in the Ross Sea, Antarctica (1997-2013) JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Schine, C. M., van Dijken, G., Arrigo, K. R. 2016; 121 (1): 368-386

    View details for DOI 10.1002/2015JC011014

    View details for Web of Science ID 000371432200022

  • Sources of iron in the Ross Sea Polynya in early summer MARINE CHEMISTRY Gerringa, L. J., Laan, P., van Dijken, G. L., Van Haren, H., de Baar, H. J., Arrigo, K. R., Alderkamp, A. 2015; 177: 447-459

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.marchem.2015.06.002

    View details for Web of Science ID 000366788600005

  • Iron supply and demand in an Antarctic shelf ecosystem GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS McGillicuddy, D. J., Sedwick, P. N., Dinniman, M. S., Arrigo, K. R., Bibby, T. S., Greenan, B. J., Hofmann, E. E., Klinck, J. M., Smith, W. O., MACK, S. L., Marsay, C. M., Sohst, B. M., van Dijken, G. L. 2015; 42 (19): 8088-8097

    View details for DOI 10.1002/2015GL065727

    View details for Web of Science ID 000363695500029

  • Water properties, heat and volume fluxes of Pacific water in Barrow Canyon during summer 2010 DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS Itoh, M., Pickart, R. S., Kikuchi, T., Fukamachi, Y., Ohshima, K. I., Simizu, D., Arrigo, K. R., Vagle, S., He, J., Ashjian, C., Mathis, J. T., Nishino, S., Nobre, C. 2015; 102: 43-54

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2015.04.004

    View details for Web of Science ID 000358184400004

  • Environmental controls of marine productivity hot spots around Antarctica JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Arrigo, K. R., Van Dijken, G. L., Strong, A. L. 2015; 120 (8): 5545-5565

    View details for DOI 10.1002/2015JC010888

    View details for Web of Science ID 000362653600015

  • Characteristics of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Western Arctic Ocean: Relationships with microbial activities DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Matsuoka, A., Ortega-Retuerta, E., Bricaud, A., Arrigo, K. R., Babin, M. 2015; 118: 44-52

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.02.012

    View details for Web of Science ID 000360255300005

  • The influence of winter water on phytoplankton blooms in the Chukchi Sea DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Lowry, K. E., Pickart, R. S., Mills, M. M., Brown, Z. W., Van Dijken, G. L., Bates, N. R., Arrigo, K. R. 2015; 118: 53-72

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.06.006

    View details for Web of Science ID 000360255300006

  • Continued increases in Arctic Ocean primary production PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY Arrigo, K. R., Van Dijken, G. L. 2015; 136: 60-70

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.002

    View details for Web of Science ID 000358626900005

  • Ecosystem characteristics and processes facilitating persistent macrobenthic biomass hotspots and associated benthivory in the Pacific Arctic PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY Grebmeier, J. M., Bluhm, B. A., Cooper, L. W., Danielson, S. L., Arrigo, K. R., Blanchard, A. L., Clarke, J. T., Day, R. H., Frey, K. E., Gradinger, R. R., Kedra, M., Konar, B., Kuletz, K. J., Lee, S. H., Lovvorn, J. R., Norcross, B. L., Okkonen, S. R. 2015; 136: 92-114

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.006

    View details for Web of Science ID 000358626900007

  • Characterizing the subsurface chlorophyll a maximum in the Chukchi Sea and Canada Basin DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Brown, Z. W., Lowry, K. E., Palmer, M. A., Van Dijken, G. L., Mills, M. M., Pickart, R. S., Arrigo, K. R. 2015; 118: 88-104

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.02.010

    View details for Web of Science ID 000360255300008

  • Aspects of the marine nitrogen cycle of the Chukchi Sea shelf and Canada Basin DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Brown, Z. W., Casciotti, K. L., Pickart, R. S., Swift, J. H., Arrigo, K. R. 2015; 118: 73-87

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.02.009

    View details for Web of Science ID 000360255300007

  • Impacts of low phytoplankton NO3- :PO43- utilization ratios over the Chukchi Shelf, Arctic Ocean DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Mills, M. M., Brown, Z. W., Lowry, K. E., Van Dijken, G. L., Becker, S., Pal, S., Benitez-Nelson, C. R., Downer, M. M., Strong, A. L., Swift, J. H., Pickart, R. S., Arrigo, K. R. 2015; 118: 105-121

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.02.007

    View details for Web of Science ID 000360255300009

  • Tight coupling of primary production and marine mammal reproduction in the Southern Ocean PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Paterson, J. T., Rotella, J. J., Arrigo, K. R., Garrott, R. A. 2015; 282 (1806)

    Abstract

    Polynyas are areas of open water surrounded by sea ice and are important sources of primary production in high-latitude marine ecosystems. The magnitude of annual primary production in polynyas is controlled by the amount of exposure to solar radiation and sensitivity to changes in sea-ice extent. The degree of coupling between primary production and production by upper trophic-level consumers in these environments is not well understood, which prevents reliable predictions about population trajectories for species at higher trophic levels under potential future climate scenarios. In this study, we find a strong, positive relationship between annual primary production in an Antarctic polynya and pup production by ice-dependent Weddell seals. The timing of the relationship suggests reproductive effort increases to take advantage of high primary production occurring in the months after the birth pulse. Though the proximate causal mechanism is unknown, our results indicate tight coupling between organisms at disparate trophic levels on a short timescale, deepen our understanding of marine ecosystem processes, and raise interesting questions about why such coupling exists and what implications it has for understanding high-latitude ecosystems.

    View details for DOI 10.1098/rspb.2014.3137

    View details for Web of Science ID 000353351000013

    View details for PubMedID 25854885

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4426618

  • Estimates of net community production in the Southern Ocean determined from time series observations (2002-2011) of nutrients, dissolved inorganic carbon, and surface ocean pCO(2) in Drake Passage DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Munro, D. R., Lovenduski, N. S., Stephens, B. B., Newberger, T., Arrigo, K. R., Takahashi, T., Quay, P. D., Sprintall, J., Freeman, N. M., Sweeney, C. 2015; 114: 49-63

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.12.014

    View details for Web of Science ID 000354342300006

  • Climate change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I: how changes in physical habitats directly affect marine biota GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY Constable, A. J., Melbourne-Thomas, J., Corney, S. P., Arrigo, K. R., Barbraud, C., Barnes, D. K., Bindoff, N. L., Boyd, P. W., Brandt, A., Costa, D. P., Davidson, A. T., Ducklow, H. W., Emmerson, L., Fukuchi, M., Gutt, J., Hindell, M. A., Hofmann, E. E., Hosie, G. W., Iida, T., Jacob, S., Johnston, N. M., Kawaguchi, S., Kokubun, N., Koubbi, P., Lea, M., Makhado, A., Massom, R. A., Meiners, K., Meredith, M. P., Murphy, E. J., Nicol, S., Reid, K., Richerson, K., Riddle, M. J., Rintoul, S. R., Smith, W. O., Southwell, C., Stark, J. S., Sumner, M., Swadling, K. M., Takahashi, K. T., Trathan, P. N., Welsford, D. C., Weimerskirch, H., Westwood, K. J., Wienecke, B. C., Wolf-Gladrow, D., Wright, S. W., Xavier, J. C., Ziegler, P. 2014; 20 (10): 3004-3025

    Abstract

    Antarctic and Southern Ocean (ASO) marine ecosystems have been changing for at least the last 30 years, including in response to increasing ocean temperatures and changes in the extent and seasonality of sea ice; the magnitude and direction of these changes differ between regions around Antarctica that could see populations of the same species changing differently in different regions. This article reviews current and expected changes in ASO physical habitats in response to climate change. It then reviews how these changes may impact the autecology of marine biota of this polar region: microbes, zooplankton, salps, Antarctic krill, fish, cephalopods, marine mammals, seabirds, and benthos. The general prognosis for ASO marine habitats is for an overall warming and freshening, strengthening of westerly winds, with a potential pole-ward movement of those winds and the frontal systems, and an increase in ocean eddy activity. Many habitat parameters will have regionally specific changes, particularly relating to sea ice characteristics and seasonal dynamics. Lower trophic levels are expected to move south as the ocean conditions in which they are currently found move pole-ward. For Antarctic krill and finfish, the latitudinal breadth of their range will depend on their tolerance of warming oceans and changes to productivity. Ocean acidification is a concern not only for calcifying organisms but also for crustaceans such as Antarctic krill; it is also likely to be the most important change in benthic habitats over the coming century. For marine mammals and birds, the expected changes primarily relate to their flexibility in moving to alternative locations for food and the energetic cost of longer or more complex foraging trips for those that are bound to breeding colonies. Few species are sufficiently well studied to make comprehensive species-specific vulnerability assessments possible. Priorities for future work are discussed.

    View details for DOI 10.1111/gcb.12623

    View details for Web of Science ID 000342168500002

  • Climate change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I: how changes in physical habitats directly affect marine biota. Global change biology Constable, A. J., Melbourne-Thomas, J., Corney, S. P., Arrigo, K. R., Barbraud, C., Barnes, D. K., Bindoff, N. L., Boyd, P. W., Brandt, A., Costa, D. P., Davidson, A. T., Ducklow, H. W., Emmerson, L., Fukuchi, M., Gutt, J., Hindell, M. A., Hofmann, E. E., Hosie, G. W., Iida, T., Jacob, S., Johnston, N. M., Kawaguchi, S., Kokubun, N., Koubbi, P., Lea, M., Makhado, A., Massom, R. A., Meiners, K., Meredith, M. P., Murphy, E. J., Nicol, S., Reid, K., Richerson, K., Riddle, M. J., Rintoul, S. R., Smith, W. O., Southwell, C., Stark, J. S., Sumner, M., Swadling, K. M., Takahashi, K. T., Trathan, P. N., Welsford, D. C., Weimerskirch, H., Westwood, K. J., Wienecke, B. C., Wolf-Gladrow, D., Wright, S. W., Xavier, J. C., Ziegler, P. 2014; 20 (10): 3004-3025

    Abstract

    Antarctic and Southern Ocean (ASO) marine ecosystems have been changing for at least the last 30 years, including in response to increasing ocean temperatures and changes in the extent and seasonality of sea ice; the magnitude and direction of these changes differ between regions around Antarctica that could see populations of the same species changing differently in different regions. This article reviews current and expected changes in ASO physical habitats in response to climate change. It then reviews how these changes may impact the autecology of marine biota of this polar region: microbes, zooplankton, salps, Antarctic krill, fish, cephalopods, marine mammals, seabirds, and benthos. The general prognosis for ASO marine habitats is for an overall warming and freshening, strengthening of westerly winds, with a potential pole-ward movement of those winds and the frontal systems, and an increase in ocean eddy activity. Many habitat parameters will have regionally specific changes, particularly relating to sea ice characteristics and seasonal dynamics. Lower trophic levels are expected to move south as the ocean conditions in which they are currently found move pole-ward. For Antarctic krill and finfish, the latitudinal breadth of their range will depend on their tolerance of warming oceans and changes to productivity. Ocean acidification is a concern not only for calcifying organisms but also for crustaceans such as Antarctic krill; it is also likely to be the most important change in benthic habitats over the coming century. For marine mammals and birds, the expected changes primarily relate to their flexibility in moving to alternative locations for food and the energetic cost of longer or more complex foraging trips for those that are bound to breeding colonies. Few species are sufficiently well studied to make comprehensive species-specific vulnerability assessments possible. Priorities for future work are discussed.

    View details for DOI 10.1111/gcb.12623

    View details for PubMedID 24802817

  • Role of shelfbreak upwelling in the formation of a massive under-ice bloom in the Chukchi Sea DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Spall, M. A., Pickart, R. S., Brugler, E. T., Moore, G. W., Thomas, L., Arrigo, K. R. 2014; 105: 17-29

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.017

    View details for Web of Science ID 000338978700002

  • Impacts of sea ice retreat, thinning, and melt-pond proliferation on the summer phytoplankton bloom in the Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Palmer, M. A., Saenz, B. T., Arrigo, K. R. 2014; 105: 85-104

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.016

    View details for Web of Science ID 000338978700007

  • Evidence of under-ice phytoplankton blooms in the Chukchi Sea from 1998 to 2012 DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Lowry, K. E., Van Dijken, G. L., Arrigo, K. R. 2014; 105: 105-117

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.013

    View details for Web of Science ID 000338978700008

  • Phytoplankton blooms beneath the sea ice in the Chukchi sea DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Arrigo, K. R., Perovich, D. K., Pickart, R. S., Brown, Z. W., Van Dijken, G. L., Lowry, K. E., Mills, M. M., Palmer, M. A., Balch, W. M., Bates, N. R., Benitez-Nelson, C. R., Brownlee, E., Frey, K. E., Laney, S. R., Mathis, J., Matsuoka, A., Mitchell, B. G., Moore, G. W., Reynolds, R. A., Sosik, H. M., Swift, J. H. 2014; 105: 1-16

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.018

    View details for Web of Science ID 000338978700001

  • Response of marine bacterioplankton to a massive under-ice phytoplankton bloom in the Chukchi Sea (Western Arctic Ocean) DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Ortega-Retuerta, E., Fichot, C. G., Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G. L., Joux, E. 2014; 105: 74-84

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.015

    View details for Web of Science ID 000338978700006

  • Annual primary production in Antarctic sea ice during 2005-2006 from a sea ice state estimate JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Saenz, B. T., Arrigo, K. R. 2014; 119 (6): 3645-3678

    View details for DOI 10.1002/2013JC009677

    View details for Web of Science ID 000340414800024

  • Twentieth century sea-ice trends in the Ross Sea from a high-resolution, coastal ice-core record GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Sinclair, K. E., Bertler, N. A., Bowen, M. M., Arrigo, K. R. 2014; 41 (10): 3510-3516

    View details for DOI 10.1002/2014GL059821

    View details for Web of Science ID 000337610200025

  • Productivity in the Barents Sea - Response to Recent Climate Variability PLOS ONE Dalpadado, P., Arrigo, K. R., Hjollo, S. S., Rey, F., Ingvaldsen, R. B., Sperfeld, E., Van Dijken, G. L., Stige, L. C., Olsen, A., Ottersen, G. 2014; 9 (5)

    View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0095273

    View details for Web of Science ID 000335510600031

    View details for PubMedID 24788513

  • Massive difference in synonymous substitution rates among mitochondrial, plastid, and nuclear genes of Phaeocystis algae MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Smith, D. R., Arrigo, K. R., Alderkamp, A., Allen, A. E. 2014; 71: 36-40

    Abstract

    We are just beginning to understand how mutation rates differ among mitochondrial, plastid, and nuclear genomes. In most seed plants the mitochondrial mutation rate is estimated to be lower than those of the plastid and nucleus, whereas in the red alga Porphyra the opposite is true, and in certain green algae all three genomes appear to have similar rates of mutation. Relative rate statistics of organelle vs nuclear genes, however, are lacking for lineages that acquired their plastids through secondary endosymbiosis, but recent organelle DNA analyses suggest that they may differ drastically from what is observed in lineages with primary plastids, such as green plants and red algae. Here, by measuring synonymous nucleotide substitutions, we approximate the relative mutation rates within the haptophyte genus Phaeocystis, which has a red-algal-derived, secondary plastid. Synonymous-site divergence data indicate that for Phaeocystis antarctica and P. globosa the mitochondrial mutation rate is 10 and 3 times that of the plastid and nucleus, respectively. This differs drastically from relative rate estimates for primary-plastid-bearing lineages and presents a much more dynamic view of organelle vs nuclear mutation rates across the eukaryotic domain.

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.10.018

    View details for Web of Science ID 000330086000003

    View details for PubMedID 24216019

  • Sea ice ecosystems Annual Review of Marine Science Arrigo, K. R. 2014

    View details for DOI 10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135103

  • Sea Ice Ecosystems ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 6 Arrigo, K. R. 2014; 6: 439-467

    Abstract

    Polar sea ice is one of the largest ecosystems on Earth. The liquid brine fraction of the ice matrix is home to a diverse array of organisms, ranging from tiny archaea to larger fish and invertebrates. These organisms can tolerate high brine salinity and low temperature but do best when conditions are milder. Thriving ice algal communities, generally dominated by diatoms, live at the ice/water interface and in recently flooded surface and interior layers, especially during spring, when temperatures begin to rise. Although protists dominate the sea ice biomass, heterotrophic bacteria are also abundant. The sea ice ecosystem provides food for a host of animals, with crustaceans being the most conspicuous. Uneaten organic matter from the ice sinks through the water column and feeds benthic ecosystems. As sea ice extent declines, ice algae likely contribute a shrinking fraction of the total amount of organic matter produced in polar waters.

    View details for DOI 10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135103

    View details for Web of Science ID 000329657800018

    View details for PubMedID 24015900

  • Productivity in the barents sea--response to recent climate variability. PloS one Dalpadado, P., Arrigo, K. R., Hjøllo, S. S., Rey, F., Ingvaldsen, R. B., Sperfeld, E., Van Dijken, G. L., Stige, L. C., Olsen, A., Ottersen, G. 2014; 9 (5)

    Abstract

    The temporal and spatial dynamics of primary and secondary biomass/production in the Barents Sea since the late 1990s are examined using remote sensing data, observations and a coupled physical-biological model. Field observations of mesozooplankton biomass, and chlorophyll a data from transects (different seasons) and large-scale surveys (autumn) were used for validation of the remote sensing products and modeling results. The validation showed that satellite data are well suited to study temporal and spatial dynamics of chlorophyll a in the Barents Sea and that the model is an essential tool for secondary production estimates. Temperature, open water area, chlorophyll a, and zooplankton biomass show large interannual variations in the Barents Sea. The climatic variability is strongest in the northern and eastern parts. The moderate increase in net primary production evident in this study is likely an ecosystem response to changes in climate during the same period. Increased open water area and duration of open water season, which are related to elevated temperatures, appear to be the key drivers of the changes in annual net primary production that has occurred in the northern and eastern areas of this ecosystem. The temporal and spatial variability in zooplankton biomass appears to be controlled largely by predation pressure. In the southeastern Barents Sea, statistically significant linkages were observed between chlorophyll a and zooplankton biomass, as well as between net primary production and fish biomass, indicating bottom-up trophic interactions in this region.

    View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0095273

    View details for PubMedID 24788513

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4006807

  • The oceanography and ecology of the ross sea. Annual review of marine science Smith, W. O., Ainley, D. G., Arrigo, K. R., Dinniman, M. S. 2014; 6: 469-487

    Abstract

    The continental shelf of the Ross Sea exhibits substantial variations in physical forcing, ice cover, and biological processes on a variety of time and space scales. Its circulation is characterized by advective inputs from the east and exchanges with off-shelf regions via the troughs along the northern portions. Phytoplankton biomass is greater there than anywhere else in the Antarctic, although nitrate is rarely reduced to levels below 10 μmol L(-1). Overall growth is regulated by irradiance (via ice at the surface and by the depths of the mixed layers) and iron concentrations. Apex predators reach exceptional abundances, and the world's largest colonies of Adélie and emperor penguins are found there. Krill are represented by two species (Euphausia superba near the shelf break and Euphausia crystallorophias throughout the continental shelf region). Equally important and poorly known is the Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum), which is also consumed by most upper-trophic-level predators. Future changes in the Ross Sea environment will have profound and unpredictable effects on the food web.

    View details for DOI 10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135114

    View details for PubMedID 23987914

  • (submitted) Primary Production in Antarctic Sea Ice from a Sea Ice State Estimate Journal of Geophysical Research Saenz, B. T., Arrigo, K. R. 2014
  • (submitted) Iron supply and demand in an antarctic shelf ecosystem Nature Geosciences McGillicuddy, D. J., Sedwick, P. N., Dinniman, M. S., Arrigo, K. R., Bibby, T. S., Greenan, B. E., Hofmann, E. E., Klinck, J. M., Marsay, C. M., Smith Jr., W. O., Sohst, B. M., van Dijken, G. L. 2014
  • The oceanography and ecology of the Ross Sea Annual Reviews of Marine Science Smith, Jr., W. O., Ainley, D. G., Arrigo, K. R., Dinniman, M. S. 2014; 6 (10): 1-19

    View details for DOI 10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135114

  • (submitted) Impacts of low phytoplankton NO3:PO4 utilization ratios over the Chukchi Shelf, Arctic Ocean Deep Sea Research, Part II Mills, M. M., Brown, Z. W., Lowry, K. E., van Dijken, G. L., Becker, S., Pal, S., Benitez-Nelson, C., Downer, M. M., Strong, A. L., Swift, J. H., Pickart, R. S., Arrigo, K. R. 2014
  • Light and nutrient control of photosynthesis in natural phytoplankton populations from the Chukchi and Beaufort seas, Arctic Ocean LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Palmer, M. A., Van Dijken, G. L., Mitchell, B. G., Seegers, B. J., Lowry, K. E., Mills, M. M., Arrigo, K. R. 2013; 58 (6): 2185-2205

    View details for DOI 10.4319/lo.2013.58.6.2185

    View details for Web of Science ID 000327395400023

  • Processes and patterns of oceanic nutrient limitation NATURE GEOSCIENCE Moore, C. M., Mills, M. M., Arrigo, K. R., Berman-Frank, I., Bopp, L., Boyd, P. W., Galbraith, E. D., Geider, R. J., Guieu, C., Jaccard, S. L., Jickells, T. D., La Roche, J., Lenton, T. M., Mahowald, N. M., Maranon, E., Marinov, I., Moore, J. K., Nakatsuka, T., Oschlies, A., Saito, M. A., Thingstad, T. F., Tsuda, A., Ulloa, O. 2013; 6 (9): 701-710

    View details for DOI 10.1038/NGEO1765

    View details for Web of Science ID 000323717500011

  • Long-term trends of upwelling and impacts on primary productivity in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS Pickart, R. S., Schulze, L. M., Moore, G. W., Charette, M. A., Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G., Danielson, S. L. 2013; 79: 106-121

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2013.05.003

    View details for Web of Science ID 000322938900010

  • Sea ice impacts on spring bloom dynamics and net primary production in the Eastern Bering Sea JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Brown, Z. W., Arrigo, K. R. 2013; 118 (1): 43-62

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2012JC008034

    View details for Web of Science ID 000317836100004

  • Light and nutrient control of photosynthesis in natural phytoplankton populations from the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, Arctic Ocean LIMINOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Palmer, M. A., van Dijken, G. L., Mitchell, B. G., Seegers, B. J., Lowry, K. E., Mills, M. M., Arrigo, K. R. 2013

    View details for DOI 10.4319/lo.2013.58.6.2185

  • Insignificant buffering capacity of Antarctic shelf carbonates GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES Hauck, J., Arrigo, K. R., Hoppema, M., van Dijken, G. L., Voelker, C., Wolf-Gladrow, D. A. 2013; 27 (1): 11-20

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2011GB004211

    View details for Web of Science ID 000318275300002

  • Photoacclimation and non-photochemical quenching under in situ irradiance in natural phytoplankton assemblages from the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Alderkamp, A., Mills, M. M., Van Dijken, G. L., Arrigo, K. R. 2013; 475: 15-?

    View details for DOI 10.3354/meps10097

    View details for Web of Science ID 000314935000002

  • Inorganic C utilization and C isotope fractionation by pelagic and sea ice algal assemblages along the Antarctic continental shelf MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Tortell, P. D., Mills, M. M., Payne, C. D., Maldonado, M. T., Chierici, M., Fransson, A., Alderkamp, A., Arrigo, K. R. 2013; 483: 47-66

    View details for DOI 10.3354/meps10279

    View details for Web of Science ID 000319680700004

  • Chlorophyll a in Antarctic sea ice from historical ice core data GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Meiners, K. M., Vancoppenolle, M., Thanassekos, S., Dieckmann, G. S., Thomas, D. N., Tison, J., Arrigo, K. R., Garrison, D. L., McMinn, A., Lannuzel, D., Van der Merwe, P., Swadling, K. M., Smith, W. O., MELNIKOV, I., Raymond, B. 2012; 39

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2012GL053478

    View details for Web of Science ID 000310963500001

  • Patterns and controlling factors of species diversity in the Arctic Ocean JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY Yasuhara, M., Hunt, G., van Dijken, G., Arrigo, K. R., Cronin, T. M., Wollenburg, J. E. 2012; 39 (11): 2081-2088

    View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02758.x

    View details for Web of Science ID 000310266600016

  • Key role of organic complexation of iron in sustaining phytoplankton blooms in the Pine Island and Amundsen Polynyas (Southern Ocean) DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Thuroczy, C., Alderkamp, A., Laan, P., Gerringa, L. J., Mills, M. M., Van Dijken, G. L., de Baar, H. J., Arrigo, K. R. 2012; 71-76: 49-60

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.03.009

    View details for Web of Science ID 000305720600005

  • Iron from melting glaciers fuels the phytoplankton blooms in Amundsen Sea (Southern Ocean): Iron biogeochemistry DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Gerringa, L. J., Alderkamp, A., Laan, P., Thuroczy, C., de Baar, H. J., Mills, M. M., Van Dijken, G. L., van Haren, H., Arrigo, K. R. 2012; 71-76: 16-31

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.03.007

    View details for Web of Science ID 000305720600003

  • Iron from melting glaciers fuels phytoplankton blooms in the Amundsen Sea (Southern Ocean): Phytoplankton characteristics and productivity DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Alderkamp, A., Mills, M. M., Van Dijken, G. L., Laan, P., Thuroczy, C., Gerringa, L. J., de Baar, H. J., Payne, C. D., Visser, R. J., Buma, A. G., Arrigo, K. R. 2012; 71-76: 32-48

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.03.005

    View details for Web of Science ID 000305720600004

  • Spatial distribution of pCO(2), Delta O-2/Ar and dimethylsulfide (DMS) in polynya waters and the sea ice zone of the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Tortell, P. D., Long, M. C., Payne, C. D., Alderkamp, A., Dutrieux, P., Arrigo, K. R. 2012; 71-76: 77-93

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.03.010

    View details for Web of Science ID 000305720600007

  • Phytoplankton biomass and pigment responses to Fe amendments in the Pine Island and Amundsen polynyas DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Mills, M. M., Alderkamp, A., Thuroczy, C., Van Dijken, G. L., Laan, P., de Baar, H. J., Arrigo, K. R. 2012; 71-76: 61-76

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.03.008

    View details for Web of Science ID 000305720600006

  • Shedding dynamic light on Fe limitation (DynaLiFe) Introduction DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Arrigo, K. R., Alderkamp, A. 2012; 71-76: 1-4

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.03.004

    View details for Web of Science ID 000305720600001

  • Annual changes in sea ice and phytoplankton in polynyas of the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Arrigo, K. R., Lowry, K. E., Van Dijken, G. L. 2012; 71-76: 5-15

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.03.006

    View details for Web of Science ID 000305720600002

  • THE ROSS SEA IN A SEA OF CHANGE OCEANOGRAPHY Smith, W. O., Sedwick, P. N., Arrigo, K. R., Ainley, D. G., Orsi, A. H. 2012; 25 (3): 90-103

    View details for Web of Science ID 000308774600016

  • ASPIRE The Amundsen Sea Polynya International Research Expedition OCEANOGRAPHY Yager, P. L., Sherrell, R. M., Stammerjohn, S. E., Alderkamp, A., Schofield, O., Abrahamsen, E. P., Arrigo, K. R., Bertilsson, S., Garay, D. L., Guerrero, R., Lowry, K. E., Moksnes, P., Ndungu, K., Post, A. F., Randall-Goodwin, E., Riemann, L., Severmann, S., Thatje, S., Van Dijken, G. L., Wilson, S. 2012; 25 (3): 40-53

    View details for Web of Science ID 000308774600009

  • Contrasting trends in sea ice and primary production in the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE Brown, Z. W., Arrigo, K. R. 2012; 69 (7): 1180-1193

    View details for DOI 10.1093/icesjms/fss113

    View details for Web of Science ID 000308012000008

  • Massive Phytoplankton Blooms Under Arctic Sea Ice SCIENCE Arrigo, K. R., Perovich, D. K., Pickart, R. S., Brown, Z. W., Van Dijken, G. L., Lowry, K. E., Mills, M. M., Palmer, M. A., Balch, W. M., Bahr, F., Bates, N. R., Benitez-Nelson, C., Bowler, B., Brownlee, E., Ehn, J. K., Frey, K. E., Garley, R., Laney, S. R., Lubelczyk, L., Mathis, J., Matsuoka, A., Mitchell, B. G., Moore, G. W., Ortega-Retuerta, E., Pal, S., Polashenski, C. M., Reynolds, R. A., Schieber, B., Sosik, H. M., Stephens, M., Swift, J. H. 2012; 336 (6087): 1408-1408

    Abstract

    Phytoplankton blooms over Arctic Ocean continental shelves are thought to be restricted to waters free of sea ice. Here, we document a massive phytoplankton bloom beneath fully consolidated pack ice far from the ice edge in the Chukchi Sea, where light transmission has increased in recent decades because of thinning ice cover and proliferation of melt ponds. The bloom was characterized by high diatom biomass and rates of growth and primary production. Evidence suggests that under-ice phytoplankton blooms may be more widespread over nutrient-rich Arctic continental shelves and that satellite-based estimates of annual primary production in these waters may be underestimated by up to 10-fold.

    View details for DOI 10.1126/science.1215065

    View details for Web of Science ID 000305211700035

    View details for PubMedID 22678359

  • Mapping phytoplankton iron utilization: Insights into Southern Ocean supply mechanisms JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Boyd, P. W., Arrigo, K. R., Strzepek, R., van Dijken, G. L. 2012; 117

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2011JC007726

    View details for Web of Science ID 000305383700001

  • Simulation of a sea ice ecosystem using a hybrid model for slush layer desalination JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Saenz, B. T., Arrigo, K. R. 2012; 117

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2011JC007544

    View details for Web of Science ID 000303670100001

  • THE EFFECT OF IRON LIMITATION ON THE PHOTOPHYSIOLOGY OF PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE) AND FRAGILARIOPSIS CYLINDRUS (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) UNDER DYNAMIC IRRADIANCE JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY Alderkamp, A., Kulk, G., Buma, A. G., Visser, R. J., Van Dijken, G. L., Mills, M. M., Arrigo, K. R. 2012; 48 (1): 45-59

    View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01098.x

    View details for Web of Science ID 000299730600004

  • THE EFFECT OF IRON LIMITATION ON THE PHOTOPHYSIOLOGY OF PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE) AND FRAGILARIOPSIS CYLINDRUS (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) UNDER DYNAMIC IRRADIANCE(1). Journal of phycology Alderkamp, A. C., Kulk, G., Buma, A. G., Visser, R. J., Van Dijken, G. L., Mills, M. M., Arrigo, K. R. 2012; 48 (1): 45-59

    Abstract

    The effects of iron limitation on photoacclimation to dynamic irradiance were studied in Phaeocystis antarctica G. Karst. and Fragilariopsis cylindrus (Grunow) W. Krieg. in terms of growth rate, photosynthetic parameters, pigment composition, and fluorescence characteristics. Under dynamic light conditions mimicking vertical mixing below the euphotic zone, P. antarctica displayed higher growth rates than F. cylindrus both under iron (Fe)-replete and Fe-limiting conditions. Both species showed xanthophyll de-epoxidation that was accompanied by low levels of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) during the irradiance maximum of the light cycle. The potential for NPQ at light levels corresponding to full sunlight was substantial in both species and increased under Fe limitation in F. cylindrus. Although the decline in Fv /Fm under Fe limitation was similar in both species, the accompanying decrease in the maximum rate of photosynthesis and growth rate was much stronger in F. cylindrus. Analysis of the electron transport rates through PSII and on to carbon (C) fixation revealed a large potential for photoprotective cyclic electron transport (CET) in F. cylindrus, particularly under Fe limitation. Probably, CET aided the photoprotection in F. cylindrus, but it also reduced photosynthetic efficiency at higher light intensities. P. antarctica, on the other hand, was able to efficiently use electrons flowing through PSII for C fixation at all light levels, particularly under Fe limitation. Thus, Fe limitation enhanced the photophysiological differences between P. antarctica and diatoms, supporting field observations where P. antarctica is found to dominate deeply mixed water columns, whereas diatoms dominate shallower mixed layers.

    View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01098.x

    View details for PubMedID 27009649

  • Early season depletion of dissolved iron in the Ross Sea polynya: Implications for iron dynamics on the Antarctic continental shelf JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Sedwick, P. N., Marsay, C. M., Sohst, B. M., Aguilar-Islas, A. M., Lohan, M. C., Long, M. C., Arrigo, K. R., Dunbar, R. B., Saito, M. A., Smith, W. O., DiTullio, G. R. 2011; 116

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2010JC006553

    View details for Web of Science ID 000298253000001

  • High concentrations and turnover rates of DMS, DMSP and DMSO in Antarctic sea ice GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Asher, E. C., Dacey, J. W., Mills, M. M., Arrigo, K. R., Tortell, P. D. 2011; 38

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2011GL049712

    View details for Web of Science ID 000298261400004

  • Spatial and temporal variation of photosynthetic parameters in natural phytoplankton assemblages in the Beaufort Sea, Canadian Arctic POLAR BIOLOGY Palmer, M. A., Arrigo, K. R., Mundy, C. J., Ehn, J. K., Gosselin, M., Barber, D. G., Martin, J., Alou, E., Roy, S., Tremblay, J. 2011; 34 (12): 1915-1928

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s00300-011-1050-x

    View details for Web of Science ID 000297203500010

  • Primary productivity in the Arctic Ocean: Impacts of complex optical properties and subsurface chlorophyll maxima on large-scale estimates JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Arrigo, K. R., Matrai, P. A., Van Dijken, G. L. 2011; 116

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2011JC007273

    View details for Web of Science ID 000297271000005

  • Secular trends in Arctic Ocean net primary production JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Arrigo, K. R., Van Dijken, G. L. 2011; 116

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2011JC007151

    View details for Web of Science ID 000295132500001

  • Short-term photoacclimation effects on photoinhibition of phytoplankton in the Drake Passage (Southern Ocean) DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS Alderkamp, A., Garcon, V., de Baar, H. J., Arrigo, K. R. 2011; 58 (9): 943-955

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2011.07.001

    View details for Web of Science ID 000295186100004

  • A reassessment of primary production and environmental change in the Bering Sea JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Brown, Z. W., Van Dijken, G. L., Arrigo, K. R. 2011; 116

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2010JC006766

    View details for Web of Science ID 000294133300001

  • Variation in particulate C and N isotope composition following iron fertilization in two successive phytoplankton communities in the Southern Ocean GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES Berg, G. M., Mills, M. M., Long, M. C., Bellerby, R., Strass, V., Savoye, N., Roettgers, R., Croot, P. L., Webb, A., Arrigo, K. R. 2011; 25

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2010GB003824

    View details for Web of Science ID 000293340000001

  • Responses of psbA, hli and ptox genes to changes in irradiance in marine Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY Berg, G. M., Shrager, J., van Dijken, G., Mills, M. M., Arrigo, K. R., Grossman, A. R. 2011; 65 (1): 1-14

    View details for DOI 10.3354/ame01528

    View details for Web of Science ID 000297117200001

  • Influence of atmospheric nutrients on primary productivity in a coastal upwelling region GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES Mackey, K. R., Van Dijken, G. L., Mazloom, S., Erhardt, A. M., Ryan, J., Arrigo, K. R., Paytan, A. 2010; 24

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2009GB003737

    View details for Web of Science ID 000285257000001

  • STRATEGIES AND RATES OF PHOTOACCLIMATION IN TWO MAJOR SOUTHERN OCEAN PHYTOPLANKTON TAXA: PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA (HAPTOPHYTA) AND FRAGILARIOPSIS CYLINDRUS (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY Kropuenske, L. R., Mills, M. M., Van Dijken, G. L., Alderkamp, A., Berg, G. M., Robinson, D. H., Welschmeyer, N. A., Arrigo, K. R. 2010; 46 (6): 1138-1151

    View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00922.x

    View details for Web of Science ID 000284854100009

  • Photophysiology in Two Major Southern Ocean Phytoplankton Taxa: Photosynthesis and Growth of Phaeocystis antarctica and Fragilariopsis cylindrus under Different Irradiance Levels Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology Arrigo, K. R., Mills, M. M., Kropuenske, L. R., Van Dijken, G. L., Alderkamp, A., Robinson, D. H. OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. 2010: 950–66

    Abstract

    The Ross Sea, Antarctica, supports two distinct populations of phytoplankton, one that grows well in sea ice and blooms in the shallow mixed layers of the Western marginal ice zone and the other that can be found in sea ice but thrives in the deeply mixed layers of the Ross Sea. Dominated by diatoms (e.g. Fragilariopsis cylindrus) and the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis antarctica, respectively, the processes leading to the development of these different phytoplankton assemblages are not well known. The goal of this article was to gain a better understanding of the photophysiological characteristics that allow each taxon to dominate its specific habitat. Cultures of F. cylindrus and P. antarctica were each grown semi-continuously at four different constant irradiances (5, 25, 65, and 125 µmol quanta/m2/s). Fragilariopsis cylindrus produced far less photosynthetic pigment per cell than did P. antarctica but much more photoprotective pigment. Fragilariopsis cylindrus also exhibited substantially lower rates of photosynthesis and growth but also was far less susceptible to photoinhibition of cell growth. Excess photosynthetic capacity, a measure of the ability of phytoplankton to exploit variable light environments, was significantly higher in both strains of P. antarctica than in F. cylindrus. The combination of these characteristics suggests that F. cylindrus has a competitive advantage under conditions where mixed layers are shallow and light levels are relatively constant and high. In contrast, P. antarctica should dominate waters where mixed layers are deep and light levels are variable. These results are consistent with distributions of phytoplankton in the Ross Sea and suggest that light is the primary factor determining composition of phytoplankton communities.

    View details for DOI 10.1093/icb/icq021

    View details for Web of Science ID 000284430400005

    View details for PubMedID 21558252

  • PHOTOPHYSIOLOGY IN TWO SOUTHERN OCEAN PHYTOPLANKTON TAXA: PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE) AND FRAGILARIOPSIS CYLINDRUS (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) UNDER SIMULATED MIXED-LAYER IRRADIANCE JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY Mills, M. M., Kropuenske, L. R., Van Dijken, G. L., Alderkamp, A., Berg, G. M., Robinson, D. H., Welschmeyer, N. A., Arrigo, K. R. 2010; 46 (6): 1114-1127

    View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00923.x

    View details for Web of Science ID 000284854100007

  • Air-sea flux of CO2 in the Arctic Ocean, 1998-2003 JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES Arrigo, K. R., Pabi, S., Van Dijken, G. L., Maslowski, W. 2010; 115

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2009JG001224

    View details for Web of Science ID 000284221100001

  • Stable isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon and particulate organic carbon in sea ice from the Ross Sea, Antarctica JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Munro, D. R., Dunbar, R. B., Mucciarone, D. A., Arrigo, K. R., Long, M. C. 2010; 115

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2009JC005661

    View details for Web of Science ID 000281632700002

  • Responding to climate change: Adelie Penguins confront astronomical and ocean boundaries ECOLOGY Ballard, G., Toniolo, V., Ainley, D. G., Parkinson, C. L., Arrigo, K. R., Trathan, P. N. 2010; 91 (7): 2056-2069

    Abstract

    Long-distance migration enables many organisms to take advantage of lucrative breeding and feeding opportunities during summer at high latitudes and then to move to lower, more temperate latitudes for the remainder of the year. The latitudinal range of the Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) spans approximately 22 degrees. Penguins from northern colonies may not migrate, but due to the high latitude of Ross Island colonies, these penguins almost certainly undertake the longest migrations for the species. Previous work has suggested that Adélies require both pack ice and some ambient light at all times of year. Over a three-year period, which included winters of both extensive and reduced sea ice, we investigated characteristics of migratory routes and wintering locations of Adélie Penguins from two colonies of very different size on Ross Island, Ross Sea, the southernmost colonies for any penguin. We acquired data from 3-16 geolocation sensor tags (GLS) affixed to penguins each year at both Cape Royds and Cape Crozier in 2003-2005. Migrations averaged 12760 km, with the longest being 17 600 km, and were in part facilitated by pack ice movement. Trip distances varied annually, but not by colony. Penguins rarely traveled north of the main sea-ice pack, and used areas with high sea-ice concentration, ranging from 75% to 85%, about 500 km inward from the ice edge. They also used locations where there was some twilight (2-7 h with sun < 6 degrees below the horizon). We report the present Adélie Penguin migration pattern and conjecture on how it probably has changed over the past approximately 12000 years, as the West Antarctic Ice Sheet withdrew southward across the Ross Sea, a situation that no other Adélie Penguin population has had to confront. As sea ice extent in the Ross Sea sector decreases in the near future, as predicted by climate models, we can expect further changes in the migration patterns of the Ross Sea penguins.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000279563700024

    View details for PubMedID 20715628

  • Magnitude of oceanic nitrogen fixation influenced by the nutrient uptake ratio of phytoplankton NATURE GEOSCIENCE Mills, M. M., Arrigo, K. R. 2010; 3 (6): 412-416

    View details for DOI 10.1038/NGEO856

    View details for Web of Science ID 000278134100017

  • Can photoinhibition control phytoplankton abundance in deeply mixed water columns of the Southern Ocean? LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Alderkamp, A., de Baar, H. J., Visser, R. J., Arrigo, K. R. 2010; 55 (3): 1248-1264

    View details for DOI 10.4319/lo.2010.55.3.1248

    View details for Web of Science ID 000277650900023

  • Ross ice shelf cavity circulation, residence time, and melting: Results from a model of oceanic chlorofluorocarbons CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH Reddy, T. E., Holland, D. M., Arrigo, K. R. 2010; 30 (7): 733-742

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.csr.2010.01.007

    View details for Web of Science ID 000277750300003

  • Contrasting spring and summer phytoplankton dynamics in the nearshore Southern California Bight LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Santoro, A. E., Nidzieko, N. J., Van Dijken, G. L., Arrigo, K. R., Boehm, A. B. 2010; 55 (1): 264-278

    View details for Web of Science ID 000272759900015

  • Non-Redfield N:P utilization by phytoplankton signifcantly impacts oceanic nitrogen fixation Nature Geoscience Mills, M. M., Arrigo, K. R. 2010; 3: 412-416
  • Primary Producers and Sea Ice Sea Ice Arrigo, K. R., Lizotte, M. P., Mock, T. edited by Thomas, D. N., Dieckmann, G. S. Blackwell Science, Ltd., Oxford, UK. 2010; 2nd: 283–326
  • Contribution of under-ice primary production to an ice-edge upwelling phytoplankton bloom in the Canadian Beaufort Sea GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Mundy, C. J., Gosselin, M., Ehn, J., Gratton, Y., Rossnagel, A., Barber, D. G., Martin, J., Tremblay, J., Palmer, M., Arrigo, K. R., Darnis, G., Fortier, L., Else, B., Papakyriakou, T. 2009; 36

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2009GL038837

    View details for Web of Science ID 000269633100001

  • Photophysiology in two major Southern Ocean phytoplankton taxa: Photoprotection in Phaeocystis antarctica and Fragilariopsis cylindrus LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Kropuenske, L. R., Mills, M. M., Van Dijken, G. L., Bailey, S., Robinson, D. H., Welschmeyer, N. A., Arrigo, K. R. 2009; 54 (4): 1176-1196

    View details for Web of Science ID 000268325100014

  • Influence of light and temperature on the marine iron cycle: From theoretical to global modeling GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES Tagliabue, A., Bopp, L., Aumont, O., Arrigo, K. R. 2009; 23

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2008GB003214

    View details for Web of Science ID 000267000900001

  • Sea ice variability and primary productivity in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, from methylsulphonate snow record GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Rhodes, R. H., Bertler, N. A., Baker, J. A., Sneed, S. B., Oerter, H., Arrigo, K. R. 2009; 36

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2009GL037311

    View details for Web of Science ID 000266363300001

  • Hydrodynamic control of phytoplankton loss to the benthos in an estuarine environment LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Jones, N. L., Thompson, J. K., Arrigo, K. R., Monismith, S. G. 2009; 54 (3): 952-969

    View details for Web of Science ID 000268325000027

  • Coastal phytoplankton blooms in the Southern California Bight: evaluating the roles of land-based and upwelled nutrient delivery Limnology and Oceanography Santoro, A. E., Nidzieko, N. J., van Dijken, G. L., Arrigo, K. R., Boehm, A. B. 2009; 55: 264-278
  • Coastal Southern Ocean: A strong anthropogenic CO2 sink GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G., Long, M. 2008; 35 (21)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2008GL035624

    View details for Web of Science ID 000260789200002

  • Impact of a shrinking Arctic ice cover on marine primary production GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G., Pabi, S. 2008; 35 (19)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2008GL035028

    View details for Web of Science ID 000259803200003

  • Understanding nitrogen limitation in Aureococcus anophagefferens (Pelagophyceae) through cDNA and qRT-PCR analysis JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY Berg, G. M., Shrager, J., Gloeckner, G., Arrigo, K. R., Grossman, A. R. 2008; 44 (5): 1235-1249

    Abstract

    Brown tides of the marine pelagophyte Aureococcus anophagefferens Hargraves et Sieburth have been investigated extensively for the past two decades. Its growth is fueled by a variety of nitrogen (N) compounds, with dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) being particularly important during blooms. Characterization of a cDNA library suggests that A. anophagefferens can assimilate eight different forms of N. Expression of genes related to the sensing, uptake, and assimilation of inorganic and organic N, as well as the catabolic process of autophagy, was assayed in cells grown on different N sources and in N-limited cells. Growth on nitrate elicited an increase in the relative expression of nitrate and ammonium transporters, a nutrient stress-induced transporter, and a sensory kinase. Growth on urea increased the relative expression of a urea and a formate/nitrite transporter, while growth on ammonium resulted in an increase in the relative expression of an ammonium transporter, a novel ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter and a putative high-affinity phosphate transporter. N limitation resulted in a 30- to 110-fold increase in the relative expression of nitrate, ammonium, urea, amino acid/polyamine, and formate/nitrite transporters. A. anophagefferens demonstrated the highest relative accumulation of a transcript encoding a novel purine transporter, which was highly expressed across all N sources. This finding suggests that purines are an important source of N for the growth of this organism and could possibly contribute to the initiation and maintenance of blooms in the natural environment.

    View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00571.x

    View details for Web of Science ID 000259866800015

  • UNDERSTANDING NITROGEN LIMITATION IN AUREOCOCCUS ANOPHAGEFFERENS (PELAGOPHYCEAE) THROUGH cDNA AND qRT-PCR ANALYSIS(1). Journal of phycology Berg, G. M., Shrager, J., Glöckner, G., Arrigo, K. R., Grossman, A. R. 2008; 44 (5): 1235-1249

    Abstract

    Brown tides of the marine pelagophyte Aureococcus anophagefferens Hargraves et Sieburth have been investigated extensively for the past two decades. Its growth is fueled by a variety of nitrogen (N) compounds, with dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) being particularly important during blooms. Characterization of a cDNA library suggests that A. anophagefferens can assimilate eight different forms of N. Expression of genes related to the sensing, uptake, and assimilation of inorganic and organic N, as well as the catabolic process of autophagy, was assayed in cells grown on different N sources and in N-limited cells. Growth on nitrate elicited an increase in the relative expression of nitrate and ammonium transporters, a nutrient stress-induced transporter, and a sensory kinase. Growth on urea increased the relative expression of a urea and a formate/nitrite transporter, while growth on ammonium resulted in an increase in the relative expression of an ammonium transporter, a novel ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter and a putative high-affinity phosphate transporter. N limitation resulted in a 30- to 110-fold increase in the relative expression of nitrate, ammonium, urea, amino acid/polyamine, and formate/nitrite transporters. A. anophagefferens demonstrated the highest relative accumulation of a transcript encoding a novel purine transporter, which was highly expressed across all N sources. This finding suggests that purines are an important source of N for the growth of this organism and could possibly contribute to the initiation and maintenance of blooms in the natural environment.

    View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00571.x

    View details for PubMedID 27041720

  • Primary production in the Southern Ocean, 1997-2006 JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Arrigo, K. R., Van Dijken, G. L., Bushinsky, S. 2008; 113 (C8)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2007JC004551

    View details for Web of Science ID 000258340500002

  • Primary production in the Arctic Ocean, 1998-2006 JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Pabi, S., Van Dijken, G. L., Arrigo, K. R. 2008; 113 (C8)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2007JC004578

    View details for Web of Science ID 000258340500003

  • Impacts of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen on the open ocean SCIENCE Duce, R. A., Laroche, J., ALTIERI, K., Arrigo, K. R., BAKER, A. R., Capone, D. G., CORNELL, S., Dentener, F., Galloway, J., Ganeshram, R. S., Geider, R. J., Jickells, T., Kuypers, M. M., Langlois, R., Liss, P. S., Liu, S. M., Middelburg, J. J., Moore, C. M., Nickovic, S., Oschlies, A., Pedersen, T., Prospero, J., Schlitzer, R., Seitzinger, S., Sorensen, L. L., Uematsu, M., Ulloa, O., Voss, M., Ward, B., Zamora, L. 2008; 320 (5878): 893-897

    Abstract

    Increasing quantities of atmospheric anthropogenic fixed nitrogen entering the open ocean could account for up to about a third of the ocean's external (nonrecycled) nitrogen supply and up to approximately 3% of the annual new marine biological production, approximately 0.3 petagram of carbon per year. This input could account for the production of up to approximately 1.6 teragrams of nitrous oxide (N2O) per year. Although approximately 10% of the ocean's drawdown of atmospheric anthropogenic carbon dioxide may result from this atmospheric nitrogen fertilization, leading to a decrease in radiative forcing, up to about two-thirds of this amount may be offset by the increase in N2O emissions. The effects of increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition are expected to continue to grow in the future.

    View details for DOI 10.1126/science.1150369

    View details for Web of Science ID 000255868300032

    View details for PubMedID 18487184

  • Alternative photosynthetic electron flow to oxygen in marine Synechococcus BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS Bailey, S., Melis, A., Mackey, K. R., Cardol, P., Finazzi, G., van Dijken, G., Berg, G. M., Arrigo, K., Shrager, J., Grossman, A. 2008; 1777 (3): 269-276

    Abstract

    Cyanobacteria dominate the world's oceans where iron is often barely detectable. One manifestation of low iron adaptation in the oligotrophic marine environment is a decrease in levels of iron-rich photosynthetic components, including the reaction center of photosystem I and the cytochrome b6f complex [R.F. Strzepek and P.J. Harrison, Photosynthetic architecture differs in coastal and oceanic diatoms, Nature 431 (2004) 689-692.]. These thylakoid membrane components have well characterised roles in linear and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport and their low abundance creates potential impediments to photosynthetic function. Here we show that the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus WH8102 exhibits significant alternative electron flow to O2, a potential adaptation to the low iron environment in oligotrophic oceans. This alternative electron flow appears to extract electrons from the intersystem electron transport chain, prior to photosystem I. Inhibitor studies demonstrate that a propyl gallate-sensitive oxidase mediates this flow of electrons to oxygen, which in turn alleviates excessive photosystem II excitation pressure that can often occur even at relatively low irradiance. These findings are also discussed in the context of satisfying the energetic requirements of the cell when photosystem I abundance is low.

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.01.002

    View details for Web of Science ID 000254674600004

    View details for PubMedID 18241667

  • Carbon cycle - Marine manipulations NATURE Arrigo, K. R. 2007; 450 (7169): 491-492

    View details for DOI 10.1038/450491a

    View details for Web of Science ID 000251158500030

    View details for PubMedID 18033286

  • The role of thermal and mechanical processes in the formation of the Ross Sea summer polynya JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Reddy, T. E., Arrigo, K. R., Holland, D. M. 2007; 112 (C7)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2006JC003874

    View details for Web of Science ID 000248424400005

  • Interannual variation in air-sea CO2 flux in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: A model analysis JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Arrigo, K. R., Van Dijken, G. L. 2007; 112 (C3)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2006JC003492

    View details for Web of Science ID 000245554800001

  • A method for representing and developing process models ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY Borrett, S. R., Bridewell, W., Langley, P., Arrigo, K. R. 2007; 4 (1-2): 1-12

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.02.017

    View details for Web of Science ID 000247008300001

  • Physical control of primary productivity in Arctic and Antarctic polynyas Polynyas: Windows to the World Arrigo, K. R. edited by Smith, W. O., Barber, D. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 2007
  • Satellite estimation of marine particulate organic carbon in waters dominated by different phytoplankton taxa JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Pabi, S., Arrigo, K. R. 2006; 111 (C9)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2005JC003137

    View details for Web of Science ID 000240335600002

  • Constraints on the extent of the Ross Sea phytoplankton bloom JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Reddy, T. E., Arrigo, K. R. 2006; 111 (C7)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2005JC003339

    View details for Web of Science ID 000238953400004

  • Processes governing the supply of iron to phytoplankton in stratified seas JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Tagliabue, A., Arrigo, K. R. 2006; 111 (C6)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2005JC003363

    View details for Web of Science ID 000238571600004

  • Examination of diel changes in global transcript accumulation in Synechocystis (cyanobacteria) JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY Labiosa, R. G., Arrigo, K. R., Tu, C. J., Bhaya, D., Bay, S., Grossman, A. R., Shrager, J. 2006; 42 (3): 622-636

    View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00217.x

    View details for Web of Science ID 000237812400010

  • Inductive revision of quantitative process models 4th International Workshop on Environmental Applications of Machine Learning (EAML) Asgharbeygi, N., Langley, P., Bay, S., Arrigo, K. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2006: 70–79

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.10.008

    View details for Web of Science ID 000236211600007

  • A comparison of global estimates of marine primary production from ocean color DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Carr, M., Friedrichs, M. A., Schmeltz, M., Aita, M. N., Antoine, D., Arrigo, K. R., Asanuma, I., Aumont, O., Barber, R., Behrenfeld, M., Bidigare, R., Buitenhuis, E. T., Campbell, J., Ciotti, A., Dierssen, H., Dowell, M., Dunne, J., Esaias, W., Gentili, B., Gregg, W., Groom, S., Hoepffner, N., Ishizaka, J., Kameda, T., Le Quere, C., Lohrenz, S., Marra, J., Melin, F., Moore, K., Morel, A., Reddy, T. E., Ryan, J., Scardi, M., Smyth, T., Turpie, K., Tilstone, G., Waters, K., Yamanaka, Y. 2006; 53 (5-7): 741-770

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.028

    View details for Web of Science ID 000239285700013

  • Marine microorganisms and global nutrient cycles NATURE Arrigo, K. R. 2005; 437 (7057): 349-355

    Abstract

    The way that nutrients cycle through atmospheric, terrestrial, oceanic and associated biotic reservoirs can constrain rates of biological production and help structure ecosystems on land and in the sea. On a global scale, cycling of nutrients also affects the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Because of their capacity for rapid growth, marine microorganisms are a major component of global nutrient cycles. Understanding what controls their distributions and their diverse suite of nutrient transformations is a major challenge facing contemporary biological oceanographers. What is emerging is an appreciation of the previously unknown degree of complexity within the marine microbial community.

    View details for DOI 10.1038/nature04158

    View details for Web of Science ID 000231849100041

    View details for PubMedID 16163345

  • Decadal-scale changes in the climate and biota of the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, 1950s to the 1990s ANTARCTIC SCIENCE Ainley, D. G., Clarke, E. D., Arrigo, K., Fraser, W. R., Kato, A., Barton, K. J., Wilson, P. R. 2005; 17 (2): 171-182

    View details for DOI 10.1017/S0954102005002567

    View details for Web of Science ID 000230508300003

  • Agricultural runoff fuels large phytoplankton blooms in vulnerable areas of the ocean NATURE Beman, J. M., Arrigo, K. R., Matson, P. A. 2005; 434 (7030): 211-214

    Abstract

    Biological productivity in most of the world's oceans is controlled by the supply of nutrients to surface waters. The relative balance between supply and removal of nutrients--including nitrogen, iron and phosphorus--determines which nutrient limits phytoplankton growth. Although nitrogen limits productivity in much of the ocean, large portions of the tropics and subtropics are defined by extreme nitrogen depletion. In these regions, microbial denitrification removes biologically available forms of nitrogen from the water column, producing substantial deficits relative to other nutrients. Here we demonstrate that nitrogen-deficient areas of the tropical and subtropical oceans are acutely vulnerable to nitrogen pollution. Despite naturally high nutrient concentrations and productivity, nitrogen-rich agricultural runoff fuels large (54-577 km2) phytoplankton blooms in the Gulf of California. Runoff exerts a strong and consistent influence on biological processes, in 80% of cases stimulating blooms within days of fertilization and irrigation of agricultural fields. We project that by the year 2050, 27-59% of all nitrogen fertilizer will be applied in developing regions located upstream of nitrogen-deficient marine ecosystems. Our findings highlight the present and future vulnerability of these ecosystems to agricultural runoff.

    View details for DOI 10.1038/nature03370

    View details for Web of Science ID 000227494500044

    View details for PubMedID 15758999

  • Iron in the Ross Sea: 2. Impact of discrete iron addition strategies JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Arrigo, K. R., Tagliabue, A. 2005; 110 (C3)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2004JC002568

    View details for Web of Science ID 000227642100007

  • Iron in the Ross Sea: 1. Impact on CO2 fluxes via variation in phytoplankton functional group and non-Redfield stoichiometry JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Tagliabue, A., Arrigo, K. R. 2005; 110 (C3)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2004JC002531

    View details for Web of Science ID 000227642100006

  • Large scale importance of sea ice biology in the Southern Ocean ANTARCTIC SCIENCE Arrigo, K. R., Thomas, D. N. 2004; 16 (4): 471-486

    View details for DOI 10.1017/S0954102004002263

    View details for Web of Science ID 000226060800009

  • Increased exposure of Southern Ocean phytoplankton to ultraviolet radiation GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Lubin, D., Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G. L. 2004; 31 (9)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2004GL019633

    View details for Web of Science ID 000221333200005

  • Annual cycles of sea ice and phytoplankton in Cape Bathurst polynya, southeastern Beaufort Sea, Canadian Arctic GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G. L. 2004; 31 (8)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2003GL018978

    View details for Web of Science ID 000221085800001

  • Annual changes in sea-ice, chlorophyll a, and primary production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G. L. 2004; 51 (1-3): 117-138

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.04.003

    View details for Web of Science ID 000222170100008

  • The interplay between upwelling and deep convective mixing in determining the seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in the Gulf of Aqaba: Evidence from SeaWiFS and MODIS LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Labiosa, R. G., Arrigo, K. R. 2003; 48 (6): 2355-2368

    View details for Web of Science ID 000186772800029

  • Physical control of chlorophyll a, POC, and TPN distributions in the pack ice of the Ross Sea, Antarctica JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Arrigo, K. R., ROBINSON, D. H., Dunbar, R. B., Leventer, A. R., Lizotte, M. P. 2003; 108 (C10)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2001JC001138

    View details for Web of Science ID 000185930500001

  • Phytoplankton dynamics within 37 Antarctic coastal polynya systems JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G. L. 2003; 108 (C8)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2002JC001739

    View details for Web of Science ID 000184999900004

  • Impact of iceberg C-19 on Ross Sea primary production GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G. L. 2003; 30 (16)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2003GL017721

    View details for Web of Science ID 000184998200002

  • A coupled ocean-ecosystem model of the Ross Sea: 2. Iron regulation of phytoplankton taxonomic variability and primary production JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Arrigo, K. R., Worthen, D. L., ROBINSON, D. H. 2003; 108 (C7)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2001JC000856

    View details for Web of Science ID 000184605700001

  • Impact of a deep ozone hole on Southern Ocean primary production JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Arrigo, K. R., Lubin, D., van Dijken, G. L., Holm-Hansen, O., Morrow, E. 2003; 108 (C5)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2001JC001226

    View details for Web of Science ID 000183179200001

  • A comparison between excess barium and barite as indicators of carbon export PALEOCEANOGRAPHY Eagle, M., Paytan, A., Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G., MURRAY, R. W. 2003; 18 (1)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2002PA000793

    View details for Web of Science ID 000182820500001

  • Anomalously low zooplankton abundance in the Ross Sea: An alternative explanation LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Tagliabue, A., Arrigo, K. R. 2003; 48 (2): 686-699

    View details for Web of Science ID 000181758700009

  • Evaluating photosynthetic carbon fixation during Phaeocystis antarctica blooms Biogeochemistry of the Ross Sea Robinson, D. H., Arrigo, K. R., DiTullio, G. R., Lizotte, M. P. edited by DiTullio, G. R., Dunbar, R. B. 2003: 77–91
  • A coupled ocean-ecosystem model of the Ross Sea. Part 1: Interannual variability of primary production and phytoplankton community structure Biogeochemistry of the Ross Sea Worthen, D. L., Arrigo, K. R. edited by DiTillio, G. R., Dunbar, R. B. 2003: 93–105
  • Non-Redfield production and export of marine organic matter: A recurrent part of the annual cycle in the Ross Sea, Antarctica Biogeochemistry of the Ross Sea Dunbar, R. B., Arrigo, K. R., Lutz, M., DiTullio, G. D., Leventer, A. R., Lizotte, M. P., Van Woert, M. P., Robinson, D. H. edited by DiTullio, G. R., Dunbar, R. B. 2003: 179–195
  • Assessing the ecological impact of the Antarctic ozone hole using multisensor satellite data Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models and Effects III Lubin, D., Arrigo, K., Holm-Hansen, O. SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2003: 245–253

    View details for Web of Science ID 000187838400025

  • Primary production in sea ice Sea Ice: An Introduction to its physics, biology, chemistry and geology Arrigo, K. R. edited by Thomas, D. N., Dieckmann, G. S. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK. 2003
  • Discovering ecosystem models from time-series data 6th International Conference on Discovery Science George, D., Saito, K., Langley, P., Bay, S., Arrigo, K. R. SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN. 2003: 141–152

    View details for Web of Science ID 000187958400013

  • The vertical flux of particulate matter in the polynya of Terra Nova Bay. Part I. Chemical constituents 2nd International Conference on the Ross Sea Accornero, A., Manno, C., Arrigo, K. R., Martini, A., Tucci, S. CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. 2003: 119–32

    View details for DOI 10.1017/S0954102003001111

    View details for Web of Science ID 000181701700014

  • Taxon-specific differences in C/P and N/P drawdown for phytoplankton in the Ross Sea, Antarctica GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Arrigo, K. R., Dunbar, R. B., Lizotte, M. P., ROBINSON, D. H. 2002; 29 (19)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2002GL015277

    View details for Web of Science ID 000180603500044

  • Comparison of algorithms for estimating ocean primary production from surface chlorophyll, temperature, and irradiance GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES Campbell, J., Antoine, D., Armstrong, R., Arrigo, K., Balch, W., Barber, R., Behrenfeld, M., Bidigare, R., Bishop, J., Carr, M. E., Esaias, W., Falkowski, P., Hoepffner, N., Iverson, R., Kiefer, D., Lohrenz, S., Marra, J., Morel, A., Ryan, J., Vedernikov, V., Waters, K., Yentsch, C., Yoder, J. 2002; 16 (3)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2001GB001444

    View details for Web of Science ID 000179008700010

  • Ecological impact of a large Antarctic iceberg GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G. L., Ainley, D. G., Fahnestock, M. A., Markus, T. 2002; 29 (7)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2001GL014160

    View details for Web of Science ID 000178886700056

  • Global mapping of underwater UV irradiances and DNA-weighted exposures using total ozone mapping spectrometer and sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor data products JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Vasilkov, A., Krotkov, N., Herman, J., McClain, C., Arrigo, K., Robinson, W. T. 2001; 106 (C11): 27205-27219

    View details for Web of Science ID 000172105300027

  • Atmospheric forcing of the Ross Sea polynya during Summer Sixth Conference on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography, American Meteorological Society Bromwich, D. H., Monaghan, A. J., Rogers, A. N., Van Woert , M. L., Arrigo, K. R. 2001: J23–J26
  • The sulfur-isotopic composition of cenozoic seawater sulfate: Implications for pyrite burial and atmospheric oxygen INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW Paytan, A., Arrigo, K. R. 2000; 42 (6): 491-498

    View details for Web of Science ID 000088117800002

  • Phytoplankton taxonomic variability in nutrient utilization and primary production in the Ross Sea JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Arrigo, K. R., DiTullio, G. R., Dunbar, R. B., Robinson, D. H., VanWoert, M., Worthen, D. L., Lizotte, M. P. 2000; 105 (C4): 8827-8845

    View details for Web of Science ID 000086532000023

  • Rapid and early export of Phaeocystis antarctica blooms in the Ross Sea, Antarctica NATURE DiTullio, G. R., Grebmeier, J. M., Arrigo, K. R., Lizotte, M. P., ROBINSON, D. H., Leventer, A., Barry, J. B., VanWoert, M. L., Dunbar, R. B. 2000; 404 (6778): 595-598

    Abstract

    The Southern Ocean is very important for the potential sequestration of carbon dioxide in the oceans and is expected to be vulnerable to changes in carbon export forced by anthropogenic climate warming. Annual phytoplankton blooms in seasonal ice zones are highly productive and are thought to contribute significantly to pCO2 drawdown in the Southern Ocean. Diatoms are assumed to be the most important phytoplankton class with respect to export production in the Southern Ocean; however, the colonial prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis antarctica regularly forms huge blooms in seasonal ice zones and coastal Antarctic waters. There is little evidence regarding the fate of carbon produced by P. antarctica in the Southern Ocean, although remineralization in the upper water column has been proposed to be the main pathway in polar waters. Here we present evidence for early and rapid carbon export from P. antarctica blooms to deep water and sediments in the Ross Sea. Carbon sequestration from P. antarctica blooms may influence the carbon cycle in the Southern Ocean, especially if projected climatic changes lead to an alteration in the structure of the phytoplankton community.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000086400100051

    View details for PubMedID 10766240

  • Phytoplankton community structure and the drawdown of nutrients and CO2 in the Southern Ocean SCIENCE Arrigo, K. R., ROBINSON, D. H., Worthen, D. L., Dunbar, R. B., DiTullio, G. R., VanWoert, M., Lizotte, M. P. 1999; 283 (5400): 365-367

    Abstract

    Data from recent oceanographic cruises show that phytoplankton community structure in the Ross Sea is related to mixed layer depth. Diatoms dominate in highly stratified waters, whereas Phaeocystis antarctica assemblages dominate where waters are more deeply mixed. The drawdown of both carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrate per mole of phosphate and the rate of new production by diatoms are much lower than that measured for P. antarctica. Consequently, the capacity of the biological community to draw down atmospheric CO2 and transport it to the deep ocean could diminish dramatically if predicted increases in upper ocean stratification due to climate warming should occur.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000078067000041

  • Atmospheric forcing of the ross sea polynya during (Spring) Fifth Conference on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography Rogers, A. N., Bromwich, D. H., Arrigo, K. R. 1999: 448–451
  • Photophysiological evidence of nutrient limitation of platelet ice algae in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY Robinson, D. H., Arrigo, K. R., Kolber, Z., Gosselin, M., Sullivan, C. W. 1998; 34 (5): 788-797

    View details for Web of Science ID 000076664600011

  • Bio-optical properties of the southwestern Ross Sea JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Arrigo, K. R., ROBINSON, D. H., Worthen, D. L., Schieber, B., Lizotte, M. P. 1998; 103 (C10): 21683-21695

    View details for Web of Science ID 000075863500022

  • Primary production in Southern Ocean waters JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Arrigo, K. R., Worthen, D., Schnell, A., Lizotte, M. P. 1998; 103 (C8): 15587-15600

    View details for Web of Science ID 000074741000005

  • Physical forcing of phytoplankton dynamics in the southwestern Ross Sea JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Arrigo, K. R., Weiss, A. M., Smith, W. O. 1998; 103 (C1): 1007-1021

    View details for Web of Science ID 000071415800001

  • The impact of chromophoric dissolved organic matter on UV inhibition of primary productivity in the open ocean Marine Ecology Progress Series Arrigo, K. R., Brown, C. W. 1998; 140: 207-216
  • Primary production in the Antarctic ice pack Antarctic sea ice biological processes, interactions, and variability Arrigo, K. R., Worthen, D. L., Dixon, P., Lizotte, M. P. edited by Arrigo, K. R., Lizotte, M. P. 1998: 23–43
  • A high resolution study of the platelet ice ecosystem in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Photosynthetic and bio-optical characteristics of a dense microalgal bloom Marine Ecology Progress Series Arrigo, K. R., Robinson, D. H., Sullivan, C. W. 1998; 98: 173-185
  • Photophysiological evidence of nutrient limitation in the platelet ice of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica Journal of Phycology Robinson, D. H., Arrigo, K. R., Kolber, Z., Gosselin, M., Sullivan, C. W. 1998; 34: 788-797
  • Physical forcing of phytoplankton dynamics in the western Ross Sea Journal of Geophysical Research Arrigo, K. R., Weiss, A. M., Smith, W. O. 1998; 103: 1007-1021
  • Primary production in Antarctic sea ice SCIENCE Arrigo, K. R., Worthen, D. L., Lizotte, M. P., Dixon, P., Dieckmann, G. 1997; 276 (5311): 394-397

    View details for Web of Science ID A1997WU47700033

  • Observations and simulations of physical and biological processes at ocean weather station P, 1951-1980 JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS McClain, C. R., Arrigo, K., Tai, K. S., Turk, D. 1996; 101 (C2): 3697-3713

    View details for Web of Science ID A1996TW39000018

  • SeaDAS: A processing package for ocean color satellite imagery 12th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology/5th Symposium on Education Fu, G., Schieber, B., Settle, K., DARZI, M., McClain, C. R., Arrigo, K. AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC. 1996: 451–456

    View details for Web of Science ID A1996BF41N00105

  • HIGH-RESOLUTION STUDY OF THE PLATELET ICE ECOSYSTEM IN MCMURDO SOUND, ANTARCTICA - BIOMASS, NUTRIENT, AND PRODUCTION PROFILES WITHIN A DENSE MICROALGAL BLOOM MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Arrigo, K. R., Dieckmann, G., Gosselin, M., ROBINSON, D. H., Fritsen, C. H., Sullivan, C. W. 1995; 127 (1-3): 255-268

    View details for Web of Science ID A1995TG88000023

  • MICROALGAL LIGHT-HARVESTING IN EXTREME LOW-LIGHT ENVIRONMENTS IN MCMURDO SOUND, ANTARCTICA JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY ROBINSON, D. H., Arrigo, K. R., Iturriaga, R., Sullivan, C. W. 1995; 31 (4): 508-520

    View details for Web of Science ID A1995RR62600003

  • Adaptation to low irradiance and restricted spectral distribution by Antarctic microalgae from under-ice habitats Journal of Phycology Robinson, D. H., Arrigo, K. R., Iturriaga, R., Sullivan, C. W. 1995; 31: 508-520
  • IMPACT OF OZONE DEPLETION ON PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH IN THE SOUTHERN-OCEAN - LARGE-SCALE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Arrigo, K. R. 1994; 114 (1-2): 1-12

    View details for Web of Science ID A1994PU49800001

  • SPRING PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION IN THE WESTERN ROSS SEA SCIENCE Arrigo, K. R., McClain, C. R. 1994; 266 (5183): 261-263

    Abstract

    Coastal zone color scanner (CZCS) imagery of the western Ross Sea revealed the Presence of an intense phytoplankton bloom covering >106,000 square kilometers in early December 1978. This bloom developed inside the Ross Sea polynya, within 2 weeks of initial polynya formation in late November. Primary productivity calculated from December imagery (3.9 grams of carbon per square meter per day) was up to four times the values measured during in situ studies in mid-January to February 1979. Inclusion of this early season production yields a spring-to-summer estimate of 141 to 171 grams of carbon per square meter, three to four times the values previously reported for the western Ross Sea.

    View details for Web of Science ID A1994PM13400029

    View details for PubMedID 17771447

  • A HIGH RESOLUTION BIO-OPTICAL MODEL OF MICROALGAL GROWTH: TESTS USING SEA-ICE ALGAL COMMUNITY TIME-SERIES DATA LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Arrigo, K. R., Sullivan, C. W. 1994; 39 (3): 609-631

    View details for Web of Science ID A1994NT26400012

  • DISTRIBUTIONS OF PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS IN THE SOUTHERN-OCEAN SCIENCE Sullivan, C. W., Arrigo, K. R., McClain, C. R., Comiso, J. C., Firestone, J. 1993; 262 (5141): 1832-1837

    Abstract

    A regional pigment retrieval algorithm for the Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) has been tested for the Southern Ocean. The pigment concentrations estimated with this algorithm agree to within 5 percent with in situ values and are more than twice as high as those previously reported. The CZCS data also revealed an asymmetric distribution of enhanced pigments in the waters surrounding Antarctica; in contrast, most surface geophysical properties are symmetrically distributed. The asymmetry is coherent with circumpolar current patterns and the availability of silicic acid in surface waters. Intense blooms (>1 milligram of pigment per cubic meter) that occur downcurrent from continental masses result from dissolved trace elements such as iron derived from shelf sediments and glacial melt.

    View details for Web of Science ID A1993MM51100025

    View details for PubMedID 17829629

  • A HIGH-RESOLUTION STUDY OF THE PLATELET ICE ECOSYSTEM IN MCMURDO SOUND, ANTARCTICA - PHOTOSYNTHETIC AND BIOOPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A DENSE MICROALGAL BLOOM MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Arrigo, K. R., ROBINSON, D. H., Sullivan, C. W. 1993; 98 (1-2): 173-185

    View details for Web of Science ID A1993LT15100016

  • A SIMULATED ANTARCTIC FAST ICE ECOSYSTEM JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Arrigo, K. R., Kremer, J. N., Sullivan, C. W. 1993; 98 (C4): 6929-6946

    View details for Web of Science ID A1993KY38400007

  • THE INFLUENCE OF SALINITY AND TEMPERATURE COVARIATION ON THE PHOTOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTARCTIC SEA ICE MICROALGAE JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY Arrigo, K. R., Sullivan, C. W. 1992; 28 (6): 746-756

    View details for Web of Science ID A1992KH06800004

  • A HIGH-RESOLUTION SAMPLER FOR NUTRIENT AND CHLOROPHYLL A PROFILES OF THE SEA ICE PLATELET LAYER AND UNDERLYING WATER COLUMN BELOW FAST ICE IN POLAR OCEANS - PRELIMINARY-RESULTS MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Dieckmann, G. S., Arrigo, K., Sullivan, C. W. 1992; 80 (2-3): 291-300

    View details for Web of Science ID A1992HN03200018

  • A BIOOPTICAL MODEL OF ANTARCTIC SEA ICE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Arrigo, K. R., Sullivan, C. W., Kremer, J. N. 1991; 96 (C6): 10581-10592

    View details for Web of Science ID A1991FT34300012

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-876X