Liliana Ma
Affiliate, Department Funds
Resident in Radiology
Contact
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-8519All Publications
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4D Flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement: 2023 update.
Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
2023; 25 (1): 40
Abstract
Hemodynamic assessment is an integral part of the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. Four-dimensional cardiovascular magnetic resonance flow imaging (4D Flow CMR) allows comprehensive and accurate assessment of flow in a single acquisition. This consensus paper is an update from the 2015 '4D Flow CMR Consensus Statement'. We elaborate on 4D Flow CMR sequence options and imaging considerations. The document aims to assist centers starting out with 4D Flow CMR of the heart and great vessels with advice on acquisition parameters, post-processing workflows and integration into clinical practice. Furthermore, we define minimum quality assurance and validation standards for clinical centers. We also address the challenges faced in quality assurance and validation in the research setting. We also include a checklist for recommended publication standards, specifically for 4D Flow CMR. Finally, we discuss the current limitations and the future of 4D Flow CMR. This updated consensus paper will further facilitate widespread adoption of 4D Flow CMR in the clinical workflow across the globe and aid consistently high-quality publication standards.
View details for DOI 10.1186/s12968-023-00942-z
View details for PubMedID 37474977
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC10357639
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Focused navigation for respiratory-motion-corrected free-running radial 4D flow MRI
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
2023; 90 (1): 117-132
Abstract
To validate a respiratory motion correction method called focused navigation (fNAV) for free-running radial whole-heart 4D flow MRI.Using fNAV, respiratory signals derived from radial readouts are converted into three orthogonal displacements, which are then used to correct respiratory motion in 4D flow datasets. Hundred 4D flow acquisitions were simulated with non-rigid respiratory motion and used for validation. The difference between generated and fNAV displacement coefficients was calculated. Vessel area and flow measurements from 4D flow reconstructions with (fNAV) and without (uncorrected) motion correction were compared to the motion-free ground-truth. In 25 patients, the same measurements were compared between fNAV 4D flow, 2D flow, navigator-gated Cartesian 4D flow, and uncorrected 4D flow datasets.For simulated data, the average difference between generated and fNAV displacement coefficients was 0.04 ± $$ \pm $$ 0.32 mm and 0.31 ± $$ \pm $$ 0.35 mm in the x and y directions, respectively. In the z direction, this difference was region-dependent (0.02 ± $$ \pm $$ 0.51 mm up to 5.85 ± $$ \pm $$ 3.41 mm). For all measurements (vessel area, net volume, and peak flow), the average difference from ground truth was higher for uncorrected 4D flow datasets (0.32 ± $$ \pm $$ 0.11 cm2 , 11.1 ± $$ \pm $$ 3.5 mL, and 22.3 ± $$ \pm $$ 6.0 mL/s) than for fNAV 4D flow datasets (0.10 ± $$ \pm $$ 0.03 cm2 , 2.6 ± $$ \pm $$ 0.7 mL, and 5.1 ± 0 $$ \pm 0 $$ .9 mL/s, p < 0.05). In vivo, average vessel area measurements were 4.92 ± $$ \pm $$ 2.95 cm2 , 5.06 ± $$ \pm $$ 2.64 cm2 , 4.87 ± $$ \pm $$ 2.57 cm2 , 4.87 ± $$ \pm $$ 2.69 cm2 , for 2D flow and fNAV, navigator-gated and uncorrected 4D flow datasets, respectively. In the ascending aorta, all 4D flow datasets except for the fNAV reconstruction had significantly different vessel area measurements from 2D flow. Overall, 2D flow datasets demonstrated the strongest correlation to fNAV 4D flow for both net volume (r2 = 0.92) and peak flow (r2 = 0.94), followed by navigator-gated 4D flow (r2 = 0.83 and r2 = 0.86, respectively), and uncorrected 4D flow (r2 = 0.69 and r2 = 0.86, respectively).fNAV corrected respiratory motion in vitro and in vivo, resulting in fNAV 4D flow measurements that are comparable to those derived from 2D flow and navigator-gated Cartesian 4D flow datasets, with improvements over those from uncorrected 4D flow.
View details for DOI 10.1002/mrm.29634
View details for Web of Science ID 000944019000001
View details for PubMedID 36877140
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC10149606
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Accelerated dual-venc 4D flow MRI with variable high-venc spatial resolution for neurovascular applications
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
2022; 88 (4): 1643-1658
Abstract
Dual-velocity encoded (dual-venc or DV) 4D flow MRI achieves wide velocity dynamic range and velocity-to-noise ratio (VNR), enabling accurate neurovascular flow characterization. To reduce scan time, we present interleaved dual-venc 4D Flow with independently prescribed, prospectively undersampled spatial resolution of the high-venc (HV) acquisition: Variable Spatial Resolution Dual Venc (VSRDV).A prototype VSRDV sequence was developed based on a Cartesian acquisition with eight-point phase encoding, combining PEAK-GRAPPA acceleration with zero-filling in phase and partition directions for HV. The VSRDV approach was optimized by varying z, the zero-filling fraction of HV relative to low-venc, between 0%-80% in vitro (realistic neurovascular model with pulsatile flow) and in vivo (n = 10 volunteers). Antialiasing precision, mean and peak velocity quantification accuracy, and test-retest reproducibility were assessed relative to reference images with equal-resolution HV and low venc (z = 0%).In vitro results for all z demonstrated an antialiasing true positive rate at least 95% for RPEAK-GRAPPA$$ {R}_{\mathrm{PEAK}-\mathrm{GRAPPA}} $$ = 2 and 5, with no linear relationship to z (p = 0.62 and 0.13, respectively). Bland-Altman analysis for z = 20%, 40%, 60%, or 80% versus z = 0% in vitro and in vivo demonstrated no bias >1% of venc in mean or peak velocity values at any RZF$$ {R}_{\mathrm{ZF}} $$ . In vitro mean and peak velocity, and in vivo peak velocity, had limits of agreement within 15%.VSRDV allows up to 34.8% scan time reduction compared to PEAK-GRAPPA accelerated DV 4D Flow MRI, enabling large spatial coverage and dynamic range while maintaining VNR and velocity measurement accuracy.
View details for DOI 10.1002/mrm.29306
View details for Web of Science ID 000815741900001
View details for PubMedID 35754143
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC9392495
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Comparison of Improved Unidirectional Dual Velocity-Encoding MRI Methods
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
2022: 763-773
Abstract
In phase-contrast (PC) MRI, several dual velocity encoding methods have been proposed to robustly increase velocity-to-noise ratio (VNR), including a standard dual-VENC (SDV), an optimal dual-VENC (ODV), and bi- and triconditional methods.To develop a correction method for the ODV approach and to perform a comparison between methods.Case-control study.Twenty-six volunteers.1.5 T phase-contrast MRI with VENCs of 50, 75, and 150 cm/second.Since we acquired single-VENC protocols, we used the background phase from high-VENC (VENCH ) to reconstruct the low-VENC (VENCL ) phase. We implemented and compared the unwrapping methods for different noise levels and also developed a correction of the ODV method.Shapiro-Wilk's normality test, two-way analysis of variance with homogeneity of variances was performed using Levene's test, and the significance level was adjusted by Tukey's multiple post hoc analysis with Bonferroni (P < 0.05).Statistical analysis revealed no extreme outliers, normally distributed residuals, and homogeneous variances. We found statistically significant interaction between noise levels and the unwrapping methods. This implies that the number of non-unwrapped pixels increased with the noise level. We found that for β = VENCL /VENCH = 1/2, unwrapping methods were more robust to noise. The post hoc test showed a significant difference between the ODV corrected and the other methods, offering the best results regarding the number of unwrapped pixels.All methods performed similarly without noise, but the ODV corrected method was more robust to noise at the price of a higher computational time.4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
View details for DOI 10.1002/jmri.28305
View details for Web of Science ID 000812618100001
View details for PubMedID 35716109
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Valvular regurgitation flow jet assessment using in vitro 4D flow MRI: Implication for mitral regurgitation
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
2022; 87 (4): 1923-1937
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of four-dimensional (4D) flow MRI for direct assessment of peak velocity, flow volume, and momentum of a mitral regurgitation (MR) flow jets using an in vitro pulsatile jet flow phantom. We systematically investigated the impact of spatial resolution and quantification location along the jet on flow quantities with Doppler ultrasound as a reference for peak velocity.Four-dimensional flow MRI data of a pulsatile jet through a circular, elliptical, and 3D-printed patient-specific MR orifice model was acquired with varying spatial resolution (1.5-5 mm isotropic voxel). Flow rate and momentum of the jet were quantified at various axial distances (x = 0-50 mm) and integrated over time to calculate Voljet and MTIjet . In vivo assessment of Voljet and MTIjet was performed on 3 MR patients.Peak velocities were comparable to Doppler ultrasound (3% error, 1.5 mm voxel), but underestimated with decreasing spatial resolution (-40% error, 5 mm voxel). Voljet was similar to regurgitant volume (RVol) within 5 mm, and then increased linearly with the axial distance (19%/cm) because of flow entrainment. MTIjet remained steady throughout the jet (2%/cm) as theoretically predicted. Four and 9 voxels across the jet were required to measure flow volume and momentum-time-integral within 10% error, respectively.Four-dimensional flow MRI detected accurate peak velocity, flow rate, and momentum for in vitro MR-mimicking flow jets. Spatial resolution significantly impacted flow quantitation, which otherwise followed predictions of flow entrainment and momentum conservation. This study provides important preliminary information for accurate in vivo MR assessment using 4D flow MRI.
View details for DOI 10.1002/mrm.29082
View details for Web of Science ID 000718874400001
View details for PubMedID 34783383
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Pilot tone navigation for respiratory and cardiac motion-resolved free-running 5D flow MRI
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
2022; 87 (2): 718-732
Abstract
In this work, we integrated the pilot tone (PT) navigation system into a reconstruction framework for respiratory and cardiac motion-resolved 5D flow. We tested the hypotheses that PT would provide equivalent respiratory curves, cardiac triggers, and corresponding flow measurements to a previously established self-gating (SG) technique while being independent from changes to the acquisition parameters.Fifteen volunteers and 9 patients were scanned with a free-running 5D flow sequence, with PT integrated. Respiratory curves and cardiac triggers from PT and SG were compared across all subjects. Flow measurements from 5D flow reconstructions using both PT and SG were compared to each other and to a reference electrocardiogram-gated and respiratory triggered 4D flow acquisition. Radial trajectories with variable readouts per interleave were also tested in 1 subject to compare cardiac trigger quality between PT and SG.The correlation between PT and SG respiratory curves were 0.95 ± 0.06 for volunteers and 0.95 ± 0.04 for patients. Heartbeat duration measurements in volunteers and patients showed a bias to electrocardiogram measurements of, respectively, 0.16 ± 64.94 ms and 0.01 ± 39.29 ms for PT versus electrocardiogram and of 0.24 ± 63.68 ms and 0.09 ± 32.79 ms for SG versus electrocardiogram. No significant differences were reported for the flow measurements between 5D flow PT and from 5D flow SG. A decrease in the cardiac triggering quality of SG was observed for increasing readouts per interleave, whereas PT quality remained constant.PT has been successfully integrated in 5D flow MRI and has shown equivalent results to the previously described 5D flow SG technique, while being completely acquisition-independent.
View details for DOI 10.1002/mrm.29023
View details for Web of Science ID 000703737700001
View details for PubMedID 34611923
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC8627452
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Using 5D flow MRI to decode the effects of rhythm on left atrial 3D flow dynamics in patients with atrial fibrillation
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
2021; 85 (6): 3125-3139
Abstract
This study used a 5D flow framework to explore the influence of arrhythmia on thrombogenic hemodynamic parameters in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).A fully self-gated, 3D radial, highly accelerated free-running 5D flow sequence with interleaved four-point velocity-encoding was acquired using an in vitro arrhythmic flow phantom and in 25 patients with a history of AF (68 ± 8 y, 6 female). Self-gating signals were used to calculate AF burden, bin data, and tag each k-space line with its RRLength . Data were binned as an RR-resolved dataset with four RR-interval bins (RR1-RR4, short-to-long) for compressed sensing reconstruction. AF burden was calculated as interquartile range of all intrascan RR-intervals divided by median RR-interval, and left atrial (LA) stasis as the percent of the cardiac cycle where the velocity was <0.1 m/s.In vitro results demonstrated successful recovery of RR-binned flow curves using RR-resolved 5D flow compared to a real-time PC reference standard. In vivo, 5D flow was acquired in 8:48 minutes. AF burden was significantly correlated with 5D flow-derived peak (PV) and mean (MV) velocity and stasis (|ρ| = 0.54-0.75, P < .001). Sensitivity analyses determined a threshold for low versus high AF burden at 9.7%. High burden patients had increased LA mean stasis (up to +42%, P < .01), and lower MV and PV (-30%, -40.6%, respectively, P < .01). RR4 deviated furthest from respiratory-resolved reconstruction (end-expiration) with increased mean stasis (7.6% ± 14.0%, P = .10) and decreased PV (-12.7 ± 14.2%, P = .09).RR-resolved 5D flow can capture temporal and RR-resolved 3D hemodynamics in <10 minutes and offers a novel approach to investigate arrhythmias.
View details for DOI 10.1002/mrm.28642
View details for Web of Science ID 000604712700001
View details for PubMedID 33400296
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC7904609
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5D Flow MRI: A Fully Self-gated, Free-running Framework for Cardiac and Respiratory Motion-resolved 3D Hemodynamics
RADIOLOGY-CARDIOTHORACIC IMAGING
2020; 2 (6): e200219
Abstract
To implement, validate, and apply a self-gated free-running whole-heart five-dimensional (5D) flow MRI framework to evaluate respiration-driven effects on three-dimensional (3D) hemodynamics in a clinical setting.In this prospective study, a free-running five-dimensional (5D) flow sequence was implemented with 3D radial sampling, self-gating, and a compressed-sensing reconstruction. The 5D flow was evaluated in a pulsatile phantom and adult participants with aortic and/or valvular disease who were enrolled between May and August 2019. Conventional twofold-accelerated four-dimensional (4D) flow of the thoracic aorta with navigator gating was performed as a reference comparison. Continuous parameters were evaluated for parameter normality and were compared between conventional 4D flow and 5D flow using a signed-rank or two-tailed paired t test. Differences between respiratory states were evaluated using a repeated-measure analysis of variance or a nonparametric Friedman test.A total of 20 adult participants (mean age, 49 years ± 17 [standard deviation]; 18 men and two women) were included. In vitro 5D flow results showed excellent agreement with conventional 4D flow-derived values (peak and net flow, <7% difference over all quantified planes). Whole-heart 5D flow data were collected in all participants in 7.65 minutes ± 0.35 (acceleration rate = 36.0-76.9) versus 9.88 minutes ± 3.17 for conventional aortic 4D flow. In vivo, 5D flow demonstrated moderate agreement with conventional 4D flow but demonstrated overestimation in net flow and peak velocity (up to 26% and 12%, respectively) in the ascending aorta and underestimation (<12%) in the arch and descending aorta. Respiratory-resolved analyses of caval veins showed significantly increased net and peak flow in the inferior vena cava in end inspiration compared with end expiration, and the opposite trend was shown in the superior vena cava.A free-running 5D flow MRI framework consistently captured cardiac and respiratory motion-resolved 3D hemodynamics in less than 8 minutes. Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2020.
View details for DOI 10.1148/ryct.2020200219
View details for Web of Science ID 000928311100013
View details for PubMedID 33385164
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC7755133
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Highly accelerated aortic 4D flow MRI using compressed sensing: Performance at different acceleration factors in patients with aortic disease
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
2021; 85 (4): 2174-2187
Abstract
To systematically assess the feasibility and performance of a highly accelerated compressed sensing (CS) 4D flow MRI framework at three different acceleration factors (R) for the quantification of aortic flow dynamics and wall shear stress (WSS) in patients with aortic disease.Twenty patients with aortic disease (58 ± 15 y old; 19 M) underwent four 4D flow scans: one conventional (GRAPPA, R = 2) and three CS 4D flows with R = 5.7, 7.7, and 10.2. All scans were acquired with otherwise equivalent imaging parameters on a 1.5T scanner. Peak-systolic velocity (Vmax ), peak flow (Qmax ), and net flow (Qnet ) were quantified at the ascending aorta (AAo), arch, and descending aorta (DAo). WSS was calculated at six regions within the AAo and arch.Mean scan times for the conventional and CS 4D flows with R = 5.7, 7.7, and 10.2 were 9:58 ± 2:58 min, 3:40 ± 1:19 min, 2:50 ± 0:56 min, and 2:05 ± 0:42 min, respectively. Vmax , Qmax , and Qnet were significantly underestimated by all CS protocols (underestimation ≤ -7%, -9%, and -10% by CS, R = 5.7, 7.7, and 10.2, respectively). WSS measurements showed the highest underestimation by all CS protocols (underestimation ≤ -9%, -12%, and -14% by CS, R = 5.7, 7.7, and 10.2).Highly accelerated aortic CS 4D flow at R = 5.7, 7.7, and 10.2 showed moderate agreement with the conventional 4D flow, despite systematically underestimating various hemodynamic parameters. The shortened scan time may enable the clinical translation of CS 4D flow, although potential hemodynamic underestimation should be considered when interpreting the results.
View details for DOI 10.1002/mrm.28561
View details for Web of Science ID 000583616600001
View details for PubMedID 33107141
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC7846046
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Development of a rotation phantom for phase contrast MRI sequence validation and quality control
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
2020; 84 (6): 3333-3341
Abstract
To develop a reliable, consistent, and reproducible reference phantom for error quantification of phase-contrast MRI so it can be used for validation and quality control.An air-driven rotation phantom consisting of a steadily rotating cylinder surrounded by a static ring both filled with agarose gel was developed. Rotational speed was measured and controlled in real time using an optical counter and a closed-loop controller. Consistency of the phantom was assessed by recording variations in rotational speed. The phantom was imaged with 2D phase-contrast MRI, and the velocity at each point was compared with analytically predicted velocity. Additionally, to examine reproducibility, the phantom was run with the same rotational speed on 2 different days and imaged using the same phase-contrast MRI protocol.The rotation phantom provided consistent rotational speed with 2 revolutions per minute SD from the set value for 20 min. Comparison between predicted and measured velocities demonstrated excellent agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.99). The RMS error in velocity components were less than 1% of maximum value. The scan-rescan experiment showed that the phantom can reproduce the same velocity distributions (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.99) using the same rotational speed and MRI settings.The developed rotation phantom provided well-defined and reproducible linear velocity distributions, which can be used for systematic and quantitative error analysis of phase-contrast MRI for a range of known velocities.
View details for DOI 10.1002/mrm.28343
View details for Web of Science ID 000541867000001
View details for PubMedID 32573806
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Highly accelerated, real-time phase-contrast MRI using radial k-space sampling and GROG-GRASP reconstruction: a feasibility study in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease
NMR IN BIOMEDICINE
2020; 33 (5): e4240
Abstract
Retrospective electrocardiogram-gated, 2D phase-contrast (PC) flow MRI is routinely used in clinical evaluation of valvular/vascular disease in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). In patients not requiring general anesthesia, clinical standard PC is conducted with free breathing for several minutes per slice with averaging. In younger patients under general anesthesia, clinical standard PC is conducted with breath-holding. One approach to overcome this limitation is using either navigator gating or self-navigation of respiratory motion, at the expense of lengthening scan times. An alternative approach is using highly accelerated, free-breathing, real-time PC (rt-PC) MRI, which to date has not been evaluated in CHD patients. The purpose of this study was to develop a 38.4-fold accelerated 2D rt-PC pulse sequence using radial k-space sampling and compressed sensing with 1.5 × 1.5 × 6.0 mm3 nominal spatial resolution and 40 ms nominal temporal resolution, and evaluate whether it is capable of accurately measuring flow in 17 pediatric patients (aortic valve, pulmonary valve, right and left pulmonary arteries) compared with clinical standard 2D PC (either breath-hold or free breathing). For clinical translation, we implemented an integrated reconstruction pipeline capable of producing DICOMs of the order of 2 min per time series (46 frames). In terms of association, forward volume, backward volume, regurgitant fraction, and peak velocity at peak systole measured with standard PC and rt-PC were strongly correlated (R2 > 0.76; P < 0.001). Compared with clinical standard PC, in terms of agreement, forward volume (mean difference = 1.4% (3.0% of mean)) and regurgitant fraction (mean difference = -2.5%) were in good agreement, whereas backward volume (mean difference = -1.1 mL (28.2% of mean)) and peak-velocity at peak systole (mean difference = -21.3 cm/s (17.2% of mean)) were underestimated by rt-PC. This study demonstrates that the proposed rt-PC with the said spatial resolution and temporal resolution produces relatively accurate forward volumes and regurgitant fractions but underestimates backward volumes and peak velocities at peak systole in pediatric patients with CHD.
View details for DOI 10.1002/nbm.4240
View details for Web of Science ID 000534603800003
View details for PubMedID 31977117
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC7165070
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Efficient triple-VENC phase-contrast MRI for improved velocity dynamic range
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
2020; 83 (2): 505-520
Abstract
To evaluate the utility of an efficient triple velocity-encoding (VENC) 4D flow MRI implementation to improve velocity unwrapping of 4D flow MRI data with the same scan time as an interleaved dual-VENC acquisition.A balanced 7-point acquisition was used to derive 3 sets of 4D flow images corresponding to 3 different VENCs. These 3 datasets were then used to unwrap the aliased lowest VENC into a minimally aliased, triple-VENC dataset. Triple-VENC MRI was evaluated and compared with dual-VENC MRI over 3 different VENC ranges (50-150, 60-150, and 60-180 cm/s) in vitro in a steadily rotating phantom as well as in a pulsatile flow phantom. In vivo, triple-VENC data of the thoracic aorta were also evaluated in 3 healthy volunteers (2 males, 26-44 years old) with VENC = 50/75/150 cm/s. Two triple-VENC (triconditional and biconditional) and 1 dual-VENC unwrapping algorithms were quantitatively assessed through comparison to a reference, unaliased, single-VENC scan.Triple-VENC 4D flow constant rotation phantom results showed high correlation with the analytical solution (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.984-0.995, P < .001) and up to a 61% reduction in velocity noise compared with the corresponding single-VENC scans (VENC = 150, 180 cm/s). Pulsatile flow phantom experiments demonstrated good agreement between triple-VENC and single-VENC acquisitions (peak flow < 0.8% difference; peak velocity < 11.7% difference). Triconditional triple-VENC unwrapping consistently outperformed dual-VENC unwrapping, correctly unwrapping more than 83% and 46%-66% more voxels in vitro and in vivo, respectively.Triple-VENC 4D flow MRI adds no additional scan time to dual-VENC MRI and has the potential for improved unwrapping to extend the velocity dynamic range beyond dual-VENC methods.
View details for DOI 10.1002/mrm.27943
View details for Web of Science ID 000481748800001
View details for PubMedID 31423646
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC7051107
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Aortic 4D flow MRI in 2 minutes using compressed sensing, respiratory controlled adaptive k-space reordering, and inline reconstruction
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
2019; 81 (6): 3675-3690
Abstract
To evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of a free-breathing 4D flow technique using compressed sensing (CS), where 4D flow imaging of the thoracic aorta is performed in 2 min with inline image reconstruction on the MRI scanner in less than 5 min.The 10 in vitro 4D flow MRI scans were performed with different acceleration rates on a pulsatile flow phantom (9 CS acceleration factors [R = 5.4-14.1], 1 generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition [GRAPPA] R = 2). Based on in vitro results, CS-accelerated 4D flow of the thoracic aorta was acquired in 20 healthy volunteers (38.3 ± 15.2 years old) and 11 patients with aortic disease (61.3 ± 15.1 years) with R = 7.7. A conventional 4D flow scan was acquired with matched spatial coverage and temporal resolution.CS depicted similar hemodynamics to conventional 4D flow in vitro, and in vivo, with >70% reduction in scan time (volunteers: 1:52 ± 0:25 versus 7:25 ± 2:35 min). Net flow values were within 3.5% in healthy volunteers, and voxel-by-voxel comparison demonstrated good agreement. CS significantly underestimated peak velocities (vmax ) and peak flow (Qmax ) in both volunteers and patients (volunteers: vmax , -16.2% to -9.4%, Qmax : -11.6% to -2.9%, patients: vmax , -11.2% to -4.0%; Qmax , -10.2% to -5.8%).Aortic 4D flow with CS is feasible in a two minute scan with less than 5 min for inline reconstruction. While net flow agreement was excellent, CS with R = 7.7 produced underestimation of Qmax and vmax ; however, these were generally within 13% of conventional 4D flow-derived values. This approach allows 4D flow to be feasible in clinical practice for comprehensive assessment of hemodynamics.
View details for DOI 10.1002/mrm.27684
View details for Web of Science ID 000481978700020
View details for PubMedID 30803006
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6535305
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Towards Cerebral Aneurysm Rupture Risk Prediction Using Quantitative Analysis by 4D Flow MRI: Intra-Aneurysmal Vortical Blood Flow and Association to Wall Shear Stress.
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2019
View details for Web of Science ID 000478733401413
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Altered Aortic 3-Dimensional Hemodynamics in Patients With Functionally Unicuspid Aortic Valves
CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
2018; 11 (8): e007915
View details for DOI 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.118.007915
View details for Web of Science ID 000442406300008
View details for PubMedID 30354500
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6205202