Mahsa Babaei

All Publications

• A Novel Approach to Migraine Classification to Improve Clinical Outcome Babaei, M., Sridhar, J., Sanjanwala, B., De Souza, D., Cowan, R. SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. 2025: 165-166

  View details for Web of Science ID 001677707302072

• Prevalence and Characteristics of Temporomandibular Disorders in Migraine Patients Compared to Headache-Free Controls Togha, M., Babaei, M., Heidari, S., Jafari, E., Dastanpour, S., Osouli, S., Martami, F. SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. 2025: 414

  View details for Web of Science ID 001677707304097

• Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990-2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050. Lancet (London, England) 2024

  Abstract

  Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an important global health challenge in the 21st century. A previous study has quantified the global and regional burden of AMR for 2019, followed with additional publications that provided more detailed estimates for several WHO regions by country. To date, there have been no studies that produce comprehensive estimates of AMR burden across locations that encompass historical trends and future forecasts.We estimated all-age and age-specific deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to and associated with bacterial AMR for 22 pathogens, 84 pathogen-drug combinations, and 11 infectious syndromes in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We collected and used multiple cause of death data, hospital discharge data, microbiology data, literature studies, single drug resistance profiles, pharmaceutical sales, antibiotic use surveys, mortality surveillance, linkage data, outpatient and inpatient insurance claims data, and previously published data, covering 520 million individual records or isolates and 19 513 study-location-years. We used statistical modelling to produce estimates of AMR burden for all locations, including those with no data. Our approach leverages the estimation of five broad component quantities: the number of deaths involving sepsis; the proportion of infectious deaths attributable to a given infectious syndrome; the proportion of infectious syndrome deaths attributable to a given pathogen; the percentage of a given pathogen resistant to an antibiotic of interest; and the excess risk of death or duration of an infection associated with this resistance. Using these components, we estimated disease burden attributable to and associated with AMR, which we define based on two counterfactuals; respectively, an alternative scenario in which all drug-resistant infections are replaced by drug-susceptible infections, and an alternative scenario in which all drug-resistant infections were replaced by no infection. Additionally, we produced global and regional forecasts of AMR burden until 2050 for three scenarios: a reference scenario that is a probabilistic forecast of the most likely future; a Gram-negative drug scenario that assumes future drug development that targets Gram-negative pathogens; and a better care scenario that assumes future improvements in health-care quality and access to appropriate antimicrobials. We present final estimates aggregated to the global, super-regional, and regional level.In 2021, we estimated 4·71 million (95% UI 4·23-5·19) deaths were associated with bacterial AMR, including 1·14 million (1·00-1·28) deaths attributable to bacterial AMR. Trends in AMR mortality over the past 31 years varied substantially by age and location. From 1990 to 2021, deaths from AMR decreased by more than 50% among children younger than 5 years yet increased by over 80% for adults 70 years and older. AMR mortality decreased for children younger than 5 years in all super-regions, whereas AMR mortality in people 5 years and older increased in all super-regions. For both deaths associated with and deaths attributable to AMR, meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus increased the most globally (from 261 000 associated deaths [95% UI 150 000-372 000] and 57 200 attributable deaths [34 100-80 300] in 1990, to 550 000 associated deaths [500 000-600 000] and 130 000 attributable deaths [113 000-146 000] in 2021). Among Gram-negative bacteria, resistance to carbapenems increased more than any other antibiotic class, rising from 619 000 associated deaths (405 000-834 000) in 1990, to 1·03 million associated deaths (909 000-1·16 million) in 2021, and from 127 000 attributable deaths (82 100-171 000) in 1990, to 216 000 (168 000-264 000) attributable deaths in 2021. There was a notable decrease in non-COVID-related infectious disease in 2020 and 2021. Our forecasts show that an estimated 1·91 million (1·56-2·26) deaths attributable to AMR and 8·22 million (6·85-9·65) deaths associated with AMR could occur globally in 2050. Super-regions with the highest all-age AMR mortality rate in 2050 are forecasted to be south Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean. Increases in deaths attributable to AMR will be largest among those 70 years and older (65·9% [61·2-69·8] of all-age deaths attributable to AMR in 2050). In stark contrast to the strong increase in number of deaths due to AMR of 69·6% (51·5-89·2) from 2022 to 2050, the number of DALYs showed a much smaller increase of 9·4% (-6·9 to 29·0) to 46·5 million (37·7 to 57·3) in 2050. Under the better care scenario, across all age groups, 92·0 million deaths (82·8-102·0) could be cumulatively averted between 2025 and 2050, through better care of severe infections and improved access to antibiotics, and under the Gram-negative drug scenario, 11·1 million AMR deaths (9·08-13·2) could be averted through the development of a Gram-negative drug pipeline to prevent AMR deaths.This study presents the first comprehensive assessment of the global burden of AMR from 1990 to 2021, with results forecasted until 2050. Evaluating changing trends in AMR mortality across time and location is necessary to understand how this important global health threat is developing and prepares us to make informed decisions regarding interventions. Our findings show the importance of infection prevention, as shown by the reduction of AMR deaths in those younger than 5 years. Simultaneously, our results underscore the concerning trend of AMR burden among those older than 70 years, alongside a rapidly ageing global community. The opposing trends in the burden of AMR deaths between younger and older individuals explains the moderate future increase in global number of DALYs versus number of deaths. Given the high variability of AMR burden by location and age, it is important that interventions combine infection prevention, vaccination, minimisation of inappropriate antibiotic use in farming and humans, and research into new antibiotics to mitigate the number of AMR deaths that are forecasted for 2050.UK Department of Health and Social Care's Fleming Fund using UK aid, and the Wellcome Trust.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01867-1

  View details for PubMedID 39299261

• Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 LANCET NEUROLOGY Steinmetz, J. D., Seeher, K., Schiess, N., Nichols, E., Cao, B., Servili, C., Cavallera, V., Cousin, E., Hagins, H., Moberg, M. E., Mehlman, M. L., Abate, Y., Abbas, J., Abbasi, M., Abbasian, M., Abbastabar, H., Abdelmasseh, M., Abdollahi, M., Abdollahi, M., Abdollahifar, M., Abd-Rabu, R., Abdulah, D., Abdullahi, A., Abedi, A., Abedi, V., Zuniga, R., Abidi, H., Abiodun, O., Aboagye, R., Abolhassani, H., Aboyans, V., Abrha, W., Abualhasan, A., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Aburuz, S., Adamu, L., Addo, I., Adebayo, O. M., Adekanmbi, V., Adekiya, T., Adikusuma, W., Adnani, Q., Adra, S., Afework, T., Afolabi, A., Afraz, A., Afzal, S., Aghamiri, S., Agodi, A., Agyemang-Duah, W., Ahinkorah, B., Ahmad, A., Ahmad, D., Ahmad, S., Ahmadzade, A., Ahmed, A., Ahmed, A., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, J., Ahmed, L. A., Ahmed, M., Ahmed, S., Ajami, M., Aji, B., Ajumobi, O., Akade, S., Akbari, M., Akbarialiabad, H., Akhlaghi, S., Akinosoglou, K., Akinyemi, R., Akonde, M., Al Hasan, S., Alahdab, F., Al-Ahdal, T., Al-Amer, R., Albashtawy, M., AlBataineh, M. T., Aldawsari, K. A., Alemi, H., Alemi, S., Algammal, A. M., Al-Gheethi, A., Alhalaiqa, F., Alhassan, R., Ali, A., Ali, E., Ali, L., Ali, M., Ali, M., Ali, R., Ali, S., Ali, S., Ali, Z., Alif, S., Alimohamadi, Y., Aliyi, A., Aljofan, M., Aljunid, S., Alladi, S., Almazan, J., Almustanyir, S., Al-Omari, B., Alqahtani, J. S., Alqasmi, I., Alqutaibi, A., Salman, R., Altaany, Z., Al-Tawfiq, J. A., Altirkawi, K. A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Al-Worafi, Y., Aly, H., Aly, S., Alzoubi, K. H., Amani, R., Amindarolzarbi, A., Amiri, S., Amirzade-Iranaq, M., Amu, H., Amugsi, D. A., Amusa, G., Amzat, J., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Anderson, D. B., Andrei, C., Androudi, S., Angappan, D., Angesom, T. W., Anil, A., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Anwer, R., Arafat, M., Aravkin, A. Y., Areda, D., Ariffin, H., Arifin, H., Arkew, M., Arnlov, J., Arooj, M., Artamonov, A. A., Artanti, K., Aruleba, R., Asadi-Pooya, A. A., Asena, T., Asghari-Jafarabadi, M., Ashraf, M., Ashraf, T., Atalell, K., Athari, S., Atinafu, B., Atorkey, P., Atout, M., Atreya, A., Aujayeb, A., Avan, A., Quintanilla, B., Ayatollahi, H., Ayinde, O. O., Ayyoubzadeh, S., Azadnajafabad, S., Azizi, Z., Azizian, K., Azzam, A. Y., Babaei, M., Badar, M., Badiye, A. D., Baghdadi, S., Bagherieh, S., Bai, R., Baig, A., Balakrishnan, S., Balalla, S., Baltatu, O., Banach, M., Bandyopadhyay, S., Banerjee, I., Baran, M., Barboza, M. A., Barchitta, M., Bardhan, M., Barker-Collo, S., Barnighausen, T., Barrow, A., Bashash, D., Bashiri, H., Bashiru, H., Basiru, A., Basso, J., Basu, S., Batiha, A., Batra, K., Baune, B. T., Bedi, N., Begde, A., Begum, T., Behnam, B., Behnoush, A., Beiranvand, M., Bejot, Y., Bekele, A., Belete, M., Belgaumi, U., Bemanalizadeh, M., Bender, R. G., Benfor, B., Bennett, D. A., Bensenor, I. M., Berice, B., Bettencourt, P. J. G., Beyene, K. A., Bhadra, A., Bhagat, D. S., Bhangdia, K., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhargava, A., Bhaskar, S., Bhat, A., Bhat, V., Bhatti, G., Bhatti, J., Bhatti, R., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Bilalaga, M., Biswas, A., Bitaraf, S., Bitra, V. R., Bjorge, T., Bodolica, V., Bodunrin, A., Boloor, A., Braithwaite, D., Brayne, C., Brenner, H., Briko, A., Vega, M., Brown, J., Budke, C. M., Buonsenso, D., Burkart, K., Burns, R. A., Bustanji, Y., Butt, M., Butt, N., Butt, Z. A., Cabral, L., dos Santos, F., Calina, D., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Cao, C., Carabin, H., Cardenas, R., Carreras, G., Carvalho, A. F., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Casulli, A., Catala-Lopez, F., Catapano, A. L., Caye, A., Cegolon, L., Cenderadewi, M., Cerin, E., Chacon-Uscamaita, P., Chan, J., Chanie, G., Charan, J., Chattu, V., Abebe, E., Chen, H., Chen, J., Chi, G., Chichagi, F., Chidambaram, S., Chimoriya, R., Ching, P. R., Chitheer, A., Chong, Y., Chopra, H., Choudhari, S., Chowdhury, E., Chowdhury, R., Christensen, H., Chu, D., Chukwu, I., Chung, E., Coberly, K., Columbus, A., Comachio, J., Conde, J., Cortesi, P., Costa, V., Couto, R. A. S., Criqui, M. H., Cruz-Martins, N., Ohadi, M., Dadana, S., Dadras, O., Dai, X., Dai, Z., D'Amico, E., Danawi, H. A., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Darwish, A., Das, S., Das, S., Dascalu, A., Dash, N., Dashti, M., De la Hoz, F., de la Torre-Luque, A., De Leo, D., Dean, F. E., Dehghan, A., Dehghan, A., Dejene, H., Demant, D., Demetriades, A. K., Demissie, S., Deng, X., Desai, H., Devanbu, V., Dhama, K., Dharmaratne, S., Dhimal, M., da Silva, D., Diaz, D., Dibas, M., Ding, D. D., Dinu, M., Dirac, M., Diress, M., Thanh Chi Do, Thao Huynh Phuong Do, Khanh Duy Khanh Doan, Dodangeh, M., Doheim, M., Dokova, K., Dongarwar, D., Dsouza, H., Dube, J., Duraisamy, S., Durojaiye, O., Dutta, S., Dziedzic, A., Edinur, H., Eissazade, N., Ekholuenetale, M., Ekundayo, T., El Nahas, N., El Sayed, I., Najafi, M., Elbarazi, I., Elemam, N., Elgar, F. J., Elgendy, I. Y., Elhabashy, H., Elhadi, M., Elilo, L., Ellenbogen, R. G., Elmeligy, O., Elmonem, M. A., Elshaer, M., Elsohaby, I., Emamverdi, M., Emeto, T. I., Endres, M., Esezobor, C., Eskandarieh, S., Fadaei, A., Fagbamigbe, A., Fahim, A., Faramarzi, A., Fares, J., Kouhanjani, M., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fatehizadeh, A., Fathi, M., Fathi, S., Fatima, S., Feizkhah, A., Fereshtehnejad, S., Ferrari, A. J., Ferreira, N., Fetensa, G., Firouraghi, N., Fischer, F., Fonseca, A., Force, L. M., Fornari, A., Foroutan, B., Fukumoto, T., Gadanya, M. A., Gaidhane, A., Galali, Y., Galehdar, N., Gan, Q., Gandhi, A. P., Ganesan, B., Gardner, W. M., Garg, N., Gau, S., Gautam, R. K., Gebre, T., Gebrehiwot, M., Gebremeskel, G., Gebreslassie, H., Getacher, L., Yazdi, B., Ghadirian, F., Ghaffarpasand, F., Ghanbari, R., Ghasemi, M., Ghazy, R., Ghimire, S., Gholami, A., Gholamrezanezhad, A., Ghotbi, E., Ghozy, S., Gialluisi, A., Gill, P., Glasstetter, L. M., Gnedovskaya, E. V., Golchin, A., Golechha, M., Goleij, P., Golinelli, D., Gomes-Neto, M., Goulart, A. C., Goyal, A., Gray, R. J., Grivna, M., Guadie, H., Guan, B., Guarducci, G., Guicciardi, S., Gunawardane, D., Guo, H., Gupta, B., Gupta, R., Gupta, S., Gupta, V., Gupta, V., Gutierrez, R., Habibzadeh, F., Hachinski, V., Haddadi, R., Hadei, M., Hadi, N. R., Haep, N., Haile, T., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hall, B. J., Halwani, R., Hameed, S., Hamiduzzaman, M., Hammoud, A., Han, H., Hanifi, N., Hankey, G. J., Hannan, M., Hao, J., Harapan, H., Hareru, H., Hargono, A., Harlianto, N. I., Haro, J., Hartman, N., Hasaballah, A. I., Hasan, F., Hasani, H., Hasanian, M., Hassan, A., Hassan, S., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Hassen, M., Haubold, J., Hay, S. I., Hayat, K., Hegazy, M. I., Heidari, G., Heidari, M., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Hesami, H., Hezam, K., Hiraike, Y., Hoffman, H. J., Holla, R., Hopf, K., Horita, N., Hossain, M., Hossain, M., Hossain, S., Hosseinzadeh, H., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, S., Hu, C., Huang, J., Huda, M., Hussain, J., Hussein, N. R., Huynh, H., Hwang, B., Ibitoye, S., Ilaghi, M., Ilesanmi, O., Ilic, I. M., Ilic, M. D., Immurana, M., Iravanpour, F., Islam, S., Ismail, F., Iso, H., Isola, G., Iwagami, M., Iwu, C. C. D., Iyer, M., Jaan, A., Jacob, L., Jadidi-Niaragh, F., Jafari, M., Jafarinia, M., Jafarzadeh, A., Jahankhani, K., Jahanmehr, N., Jahrami, H., Jaiswal, A., Jakovljevic, M., Jamora, R. G., Jana, S., Javadi, N., Javed, S., Javeed, S., Jayapal, S., Jayaram, S., Jiang, H., Johnson, C., Johnson, W. D., Jokar, M., Jonas, J. B., Joseph, A., Joseph, N., Joshua, C., Jurisson, M., Kabir, A., Kabir, Z., Kabito, G., Kadashetti, V., Kafi, F., Kalani, R., Kalantar, F., Kaliyadan, F., Kamath, A., Kamath, S., Kanchan, T., Kandel, A., Kandel, H., Kanmodi, K., Karajizadeh, M., Karami, J., Karanth, S. D., Karaye, I. M., Karch, A., Karimi, A., Karimi, H., Behnagh, A., Kasraei, H., Kassebaum, N. J., Kauppila, J. H., Kaur, H., Kaur, N., Kayode, G. A., Kazemi, F., Keikavoosi-Arani, L., Keller, C., Keykhaei, M., Khadembashiri, M., Khader, Y., Khafaie, M., Khajuria, H., Khalaji, A., Khamesipour, F., Khammarnia, M., Khan, M., Khan, M. A. B., Khan, Y. H., Suheb, M., Khanmohammadi, S., Khanna, T., Khatab, K., Khatatbeh, H., Khatatbeh, M., Khateri, S., Khatib, M., Kashani, H., Khonji, M., Khorashadizadeh, F., Khormali, M., Khubchandani, J., Kian, S., Kim, G., Kim, J., Kim, M., Kim, Y., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kivimaki, M., Kochhar, S., Kolahi, A., Koly, K., Kompani, F., Koroshetz, W. J., Kosen, S., Arami, M., Koyanagi, A., Kravchenko, M. A., Krishan, K., Krishnamoorthy, V., Defo, B., Kuddus, M., Kumar, A., Kumar, G., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kumsa, N., Kundu, S., Kurniasari, M., Kusuma, D., Kuttikkattu, A., Kyu, H., La Vecchia, C., Ladan, M., Lahariya, C., Laksono, T., Lal, D., Lallukka, T., Lam, J., Lami, F., Landires, I., Langguth, B., Lasrado, S., Latief, K., Latifinaibin, K., Lau, K., Laurens, M. B., Lawal, B., Long Khanh Dao Le, Thao Thi Thu Le, Ledda, C., Lee, M., Lee, S., Lee, S., Lee, W., Lee, Y., Leonardi, M., Lerango, T. L., Li, M., Li, W., Ligade, V. S., Lim, S. S., Linehan, C., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, W., Lo, C., Lo, W., Lobo, S. W., Logroscino, G., Lopes, G., Lopukhov, P. D., Lorenzovici, L., Lorkowski, S., Loureiro, J. A., Lubinda, J., Lucchetti, G., Saute, R., Ma, Z., Mabrok, M., Machoy, M., Madadizadeh, F., Abd El Razek, M., Maghazachi, A. A., Maghbouli, N., Mahjoub, S., Mahmoudi, M., Majeed, A., Malagon-Rojas, J. N., Rad, E., Malhotra, K., Malik, A., Malik, I., Mallhi, T., Malta, D., Manilal, A., Mansouri, V., Mansournia, M., Marasini, B. P., Marateb, H., Maroufi, S., Martinez-Raga, J., Martini, S., Martins-Melo, F., Martorell, M., Marz, W., Marzo, R., Massano, J., Mathangasinghe, Y., Mathews, E., Maude, R., Maugeri, A., Maulik, P. K., Mayeli, M., Mazaheri, M., McAlinden, C., McGrath, J. J., Meena, J., Mehndiratta, M., Mendez-Lopez, M., Mendoza, W., Mendoza-Cano, O., Menezes, R. G., Merati, M., Meretoja, A., Merkin, A., Mersha, A. M., Mestrovic, T., Mi, T., Miazgowski, T., Michalek, I., Mihretie, E., Le Huu Nhat Minh, Mirfakhraie, R., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Mirzaei, M., Misganaw, A., Misra, S., Mithra, P., Mizana, B., Mohamadkhani, A., Mohamed, N., Mohammadi, E., Mohammadi, H., Mohammadi, S., Mohammadi, S., Mohammadshahi, M., Mohammed, M., Mohammed, S., Mohammed, S., Mohan, S., Mojiri-forushani, H., Moka, N., Mokdad, A. H., Molinaro, S., Moller, H., Monasta, L., Moniruzzaman, M., Montazeri, F., Moradi, M., Moradi, Y., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moraga, P., Morovatdar, N., Morrison, S., Mosapour, A., Mosser, J. F., Mossialos, E., Motaghinejad, M., Mousavi, P., Mousavi, S., Mubarik, S., Muccioli, L., Mughal, F., Mukoro, G., Mulita, A., Mulita, F., Musaigwa, F., Mustafa, A., Mustafa, G., Muthu, S., Nagarajan, A., Naghavi, P., Naik, G. R., Nainu, F., Nair, T., Najmuldeen, H., Ansari, N., Nambi, G., Areshtanab, H., Nargus, S., Nascimento, B., Naser, A. Y., Nashwan, A. J. J., Nasoori, H., Nasreldein, A., Natto, Z. S., Nauman, J., Nayak, B., Nazri-Panjaki, A., Negaresh, M., Negash, H., Negoi, I., Negoi, R., Negru, S., Nejadghaderi, S., Nematollahi, M., Nesbit, O. D., Newton, C., Nguyen, D. H., Hau Thi Hien Nguyen, Hien Quang Nguyen, Ngoc-Trinh Thi Nguyen, Phat Tuan Nguyen, Van Thanh Nguyen, Niazi, R., Nikolouzakis, T., Niranjan, V., Nnyanzi, L., Noman, E., Noroozi, N., Norrving, B., Noubiap, J., Nri-Ezedi, C., Ntaios, G., Nunez-Samudio, V., Nurrika, D., Oancea, B., Odetokun, I. A., O'Donnell, M., Ogunsakin, R., Oguta, J., Oh, I., Okati-Aliabad, H., Okeke, S., Okekunle, A., Okonji, O., Okwute, P., Olagunju, A. T., Olaiya, M., Olana, M., Olatubi, M., Oliveira, G., Olufadewa, I., Olusanya, B., Bali, A., Ong, S., Onwujekwe, O. E., Ordak, M., Orji, A. U., Ortega-Altamirano, D. V., Osuagwu, U., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S. S., Ouyahia, A., Owolabi, M. O., Padukudru, M. P. A., Pacheco-Barrios, K., Padubidri, J., Pal, P., Palange, P., Palladino, C., Palladino, R., Palma-Alvarez, R., Pan, F., Panagiotakos, D., Panda-Jonas, S., Pandey, A., Pandey, A., Pandian, J., Pangaribuan, H., Pantazopoulos, I., Pardhan, S., Parija, P., Parikh, R. R., Park, S., Parthasarathi, A., Pashaei, A., Patel, J., Patil, S., Patoulias, D., Pawar, S., Pedersini, P., Pensato, U., Pereira, D. M., Pereira, J., Pereira, M., Peres, M. F. P., Perico, N., Perna, S., Petcu, I., Petermann-Rocha, F., Hoang Tran Pham, Phillips, M. R., Pinilla-Monsalve, G. D., Piradov, M. A., Plotnikov, E., Poddighe, D., Polat, B., Poluru, R., Pond, C., Poudel, G., Pouramini, A., Pourbagher-Shahri, A., Pourfridoni, M., Pourtaheri, N., Prakash, P., Prakash, S., Prakash, V., Prates, E., Pritchett, N., Purnobasuki, H., Qasim, N., Qattea, I., Qian, G., Radhakrishnan, V., Raee, P., Shahraki, H., Rafique, I., Raggi, A., Raghav, P., Rahati, M. M., Rahim, F., Rahimi, Z., Rahimifard, M., Rahman, M., Rahman, M., Rahman, M., Rahman, M., Rahmani, A., Rahmani, S., Youshanlouei, H., Rahmati, M., Moolambally, S., Rajabpour-Sanati, A., Ramadan, H., Ramasamy, S., Ramasubramani, P., Ramazanu, S., Rancic, N., Rao, I., Rao, S. J., Rapaka, D., Rashedi, V., Rashid, A., Rashidi, M., Alavijeh, M., Rasouli-Saravani, A., Rawaf, S., Razo, C., Redwan, E., Bana, A., Remuzzi, G., Rezaei, N., Rezaei, N., Rezaei, N., Rezaeian, M., Rhee, T., Riad, A., Robinson, S. R., Rodrigues, M., Rodriguez, J., Roever, L., Rogowski, E. L. B., Romoli, M., Ronfani, L., Roy, P., Pramanik, K., Rubagotti, E., Ruiz, M. A., Russ, T. C., Sunnerhagen, K. S., Saad, A. M. A., Saadatian, Z., Saber, K., SaberiKamarposhti, M., Sacco, S., Saddik, B., Sadeghi, E., Sadeghian, S., Saeed, U., Saeed, U., Safdarian, M., Safi, S., Sagar, R., Sagoe, D., Sharif-Askari, F., Sharif-Askari, N., Sahebkar, A., Sahoo, S., Sahraian, M., Sajedi, S., Sakshaug, J. W., Saleh, M. A., Omran, H., Salem, M., Salimi, S., Kafil, H., Samadzadeh, S., Samargandy, S., Samodra, Y., Samuel, V., Samy, A. M., Sanadgol, N., Sanjeev, R., Sanmarchi, F., Santomauro, D., Santri, I., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Saravanan, A., Sarveazad, A., Satpathy, M., Saylan, M., Sayyah, M., Scarmeas, N., Schlaich, M. P., Schuermans, A., Schwarzinger, M., Schwebel, D. C., Selvaraj, S., Sendekie, A., Sengupta, P., Senthilkumaran, S., Serban, D., Sergindo, M., Sethi, Y., SeyedAlinaghi, S., Seylani, A., Shabani, M., Shabany, M., Shafie, M., Shahabi, S., Shahbandi, A., Shahid, S., Shahraki-Sanavi, F., Shahsavari, H. R., Shahwan, M., Shaikh, M., Shaji, K. S., Sham, S., Shama, A. T., Shamim, M., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Shamsi, M., Shanawaz, M., Sharath, M., Sharfaei, S., Sharifan, A., Sharma, M., Sharma, R., Shashamo, B., Shayan, M., Sheikhi, R., Shekhar, S., Shen, J., Shenoy, S. M., Shetty, P. H., Shiferaw, D., Shigematsu, M., Shiri, R., Shittu, A., Shivakumar, K. M., Shokri, F., Shool, S., Shorofi, S., Shrestha, S., Tankwanchi, A., Siddig, E., Sigfusdottir, I., Silva, J., Lopes Rodrigues Silva, L., Sinaei, E., Singh, B., Singh, G., Singh, P., Singh, S., Sirota, S., Sivakumar, S., Sohag, A., Solanki, R., Soleimani, H., Solikhah, S., Solomon, Y., Solomon, Y., Song, S., Song, Y., Sotoudeh, H., Spartalis, M., Stark, B. A., Starnes, J. R., Starodubova, A. V., Stein, D. J., Steiner, T. J., Stovner, L., Suleman, M., Abdulkader, R., Sultana, A., Sun, J., Sunkersing, D., Sunny, A., Susianti, H., Swain, C., Szeto, M. D., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Tabatabaei, S., Tabatabai, S., Tabish, M., Taheri, M., Tahvildari, A., Tajbakhsh, A., Tampa, M., Tamuzi, J., Tan, K., Tang, H., Tareke, M., Tarigan, I., Tat, N. Y., Tat, V. Y., Oliaee, R., Tavangar, S., Tavasol, A., Tefera, Y., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Temesgen, W., Temsah, M., Teramoto, M., Tesfaye, A., Tesfaye, E., Tesler, R., Thakali, O., Thangaraju, P., Thapa, R., Thapar, R., Thomas, N., Thrift, A. G., Ticoalu, J., Tillawi, T., Toghroli, R., Tonelli, M., Tovani-Palone, M., Traini, E., Nghia Minh Tran, Ngoc-Ha Tran, Phu Van Tran, Tromans, S., Truelsen, T., Thien Tan Tri Tai Truyen, Tsatsakis, A., Tsegay, G., Tsermpini, E., Tualeka, A., Tufa, D., Ubah, C. S., Udoakang, A., Ulhaq, I., Umair, M., Umakanthan, S., Umapathi, K., Unim, B., Unnikrishnan, B., Vaithinathan, A., Vakilian, A., Tahbaz, S., Valizadeh, R., Van den Eynde, J., Vart, P., Varthya, S., Vasankari, T., Vaziri, S., Vellingiri, B., Venketasubramanian, N., Verras, G., Vervoort, D., Villafane, J., Villani, L., Veloz, A., Viskadourou, M., Vladimirov, S., Vlassov, V., Volovat, S., Loc Tri Vu, Vujcic, I. S., Wagaye, B., Waheed, Y., Wahood, W., Walde, M., Wang, F., Wang, S., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Waqas, M., Waris, A., Weerakoon, K., Weintraub, R. G., Weldemariam, A., Westerman, R., Whisnant, J. L., Wickramasinghe, D., Wickramasinghe, N., Willekens, B., Wilner, L. B., Winkler, A., Wolfe, C. D. A., Wu, A., Hanson, S., Xu, S., Xu, X., Yadollahpour, A., Yaghoubi, S., Yahya, G., Yamagishi, K., Yang, L., Yano, Y., Yao, Y., Yehualashet, S., Yeshaneh, A., Yesiltepe, M., Yi, S., Yigit, A., Yigit, V., Yon, D., Yonemoto, N., You, Y., Younis, M. Z., Yu, C., Yusuf, H., Zadey, S., Zahedi, M., Zakham, F., Zaki, N., Zali, A., Zamagni, G., Zand, R., Zandieh, G. G. Z., Zangiabadian, M., Zarghami, A., Zastrozhin, M., Zeariya, M. G. M., Zegeye, Z., Zeukeng, F., Zhai, C., Zhang, C., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, H., Zhao, Y., Zheng, P., Zhou, H., Zhu, B., Zhumagaliuly, A., Zielinska, M., Zikarg, Y., Zoladl, M., Murray, C. J. L., Ong, K., Feigin, V. L., Theo Vos, Tarun Dua, GBD 2021 Nervous Syst Disorders Collaborators 2024; 23 (4): 344-381

  Abstract

  Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.We estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.Globally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378-521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20-3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5-45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7-26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6-38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5-32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7-2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.As the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00038-3

  View details for Web of Science ID 001270049900001

  View details for PubMedID 38493795

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC10949203

• Botulinium toxin applications in the lower face and neck: A comprehensive review. Journal of cosmetic dermatology Kassir, M., Babaei, M., Hasanzadeh, S., Rezaei Tavirani, M., Razzaghi, Z., Robati, R. M. 2024; 23 (4): 1205-1216

  Abstract

  Botulinum toxin has been widely and mainly used for the treatment of conditions affecting the upper and middle face; however, recent efforts have expanded the indications of botulinum toxin injection to the lower face and neck areas for cosmetic and medical purposes.We have reviewed the latest updates on using botulinum toxin in the lower face and neck focusing on cosmetic purposes and have discussed the existing concerns as well as the adverse sequelae of these newer indications.A comprehensive literature search was performed using the following keywords [[botulinum] AND [[Toxin] OR [Neurotoxin]]] AND [[Lower AND Face] AND/OR [Neck]] within the main databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and gray literature on and before February 2023. The data were screened using titles and abstracts and those relevant to the topic were included in the paper.Botulinum toxin injection has considerable cosmetic and therapeutic effect on facial contouring, masseteric hypertrophy, lower face and neck scars, gummy smile, drooping lip corner and even skin rejuvenation.BNT injection has been widely used for the treatment of different medical and cosmetic purposes. Low rates of side effects, which were self-limited in most cases, have been reported in the literature, making BNT a safe therapeutic medication in most cases. However, regulatory status needs to be updated and more accurately revised in many countries and more comprehensive research is required to address the existing gaps in this area including the site, dosage, and method of injection in each case.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/jocd.16116

  View details for PubMedID 38059697

• Potential efficacy of caffeine ingestion on balance and mobility in patients with multiple sclerosis: Preliminary evidence from a single-arm pilot clinical trial. PloS one Dadvar, A., Jameie, M., Azizmohammad Looha, M., Parsaei, M., Zeynali Bujani, M., Amanollahi, M., Babaei, M., Khosravi, A., Amirifard, H. 2024; 19 (2): e0297235

  Abstract

  Caffeine's potential benefits on multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as on the ambulatory performance of non-MS populations, prompted us to evaluate its potential effects on balance, mobility, and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) of persons with MS (PwMS).This single-arm pilot clinical trial consisted of a 2-week placebo run-in and a 12-week caffeine treatment (200 mg/day) stage. The changes in outcome measures during the study period (weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12) were evaluated using the Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE). The outcome measures were the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12) for self-reported ambulatory disability, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for static and dynamic balance, Timed Up and Go (TUG) for dynamic balance and functional mobility, Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29) for patient's perspective on MS-related QoL (MS-QoL), and Patients' Global Impression of Change (PGIC) for subjective assessment of treatment efficacy. GEE was also used to evaluate age and sex effect on the outcome measures over time. (Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT2017012332142N1).Thirty PwMS were included (age: 38.89 ± 9.85, female: 76.7%). Daily caffeine consumption significantly improved the objective measures of balance and functional mobility (BBS; P-value<0.001, and TUG; P-value = 0.002) at each study time point, and the subjective measure of MS-related QoL (MSIS-29; P-value = 0.005) two weeks after the intervention. Subjective measures of ambulatory disability (MSWS-12) and treatment efficacy (PGIC) did not significantly change. The effect of age and sex on the outcome measures were also assessed; significant sex-time interaction effects were found for MSWS-12 (P-value = 0.001) and PGIC (P-value<0.001). The impact of age on BBS scores increased as time progressed (P-value = 0.006).Caffeine may enhance balance, functional mobility, and QoL in PwMS. Being male was associated with a sharper increase in self-reported ambulatory disability over time. The effects of aging on balance get more pronounced over time.This study was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Registration number: IRCT2017012332142N1), a Primary Registry in the WHO Registry Network.

  View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0297235

  View details for PubMedID 38349929

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC10863863

• Mortality and disability-adjusted life years in North Africa and Middle East attributed to kidney dysfunction: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Clinical kidney journal Rashidi, M. M., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Azadnajafabad, S., Mohammadi, E., Khalaji, A., Malekpour, M. R., Keykhaei, M., Rezaei, N., Esfahani, Z., Rezaei, N., Mokdad, A. H., Murray, C. J., Naghavi, M., Larijani, B., Farzadfar, F. 2024; 17 (1): sfad279

  Abstract

  The study aimed to estimate the attributable burden to kidney dysfunction as a metabolic risk factor in the North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region and its 21 countries in 1990-2019.The data used in this study were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2019 study, which provided estimated measures of deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and other epidemiological indicators of burden. To provide a better insight into the differences in the level of social, cultural, and economic factors, the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) was used.In the NAME region in 2019, the number of deaths attributed to kidney dysfunction was 296 632 (95% uncertainty interval: 249 965-343 962), which was about 2.5 times higher than in the year 1990. Afghanistan, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia had the highest, and Kuwait, Turkey, and Iran (Islamic Republic of) had the lowest age-standardized rate of DALYs attributed to kidney dysfunction in the region in 2019. Kidney dysfunction was accounted as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease with 150 471, 111 812, 34 068, and 281 attributable deaths, respectively, in 2019 in the region. In 2019, both low-SDI and high-SDI countries in the region experienced higher burdens associated with kidney dysfunction compared to other countries.Kidney dysfunction increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases burden and accounted for more deaths attributable to cardiovascular diseases than chronic kidney disease in the region in 2019. Hence, policymakers in the NAME region should prioritize kidney disease prevention and control, recognizing that neglecting its impact on other diseases is a key limitation in its management.

  View details for DOI 10.1093/ckj/sfad279

  View details for PubMedID 38288035

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC10823484

• Good response to rectal diazepam in refractory cases of cyclic vomiting: A case-series and review of the literature. Clinical case reports Togha, M., Babaei, M., Jameie, M. 2023; 11 (11): e8109

  Abstract

  Although increasing in number, cases of CVS are being frequently misdiagnosed and many are refractory to the available treatments. This paper draws attention to a timely consideration of this disorder upon suspicion and proposes rectal diazepam and cinnarizine as highly effective treatments in refractory cases of CVS.Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a set of recurrent episodic attacks of nausea and vomiting. This is a migraine-related disorder that mostly affects children. Several medications have been recommended for abortive and prophylactic treatment. Unfortunately, in some cases, the treatment is not completely effective and affects the quality of life of the sufferer. In this paper, we report on two cases of children experiencing refractory CVS attacks who were not responsive to recommended medications for acute phase and prophylaxis. This account highlights the efficacy of rectal diazepam for the acute phase of CVS and cinnarizine, an anti-migraine and anti-histamine agent, for prophylaxis of further attacks.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/ccr3.8109

  View details for PubMedID 38028097

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC10661318

• Global, regional, and national burden of allergic disorders and their risk factors in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Allergy Shin, Y. H., Hwang, J., Kwon, R., Lee, S. W., Kim, M. S., Shin, J. I., Yon, D. K. 2023; 78 (8): 2232-2254

  Abstract

  Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are chronic allergic conditions, along with allergic rhinitis and food allergy and cause high morbidity and mortality both in children and adults. This study aims to evaluate the global, regional, national, and temporal trends of the burden of asthma and AD from 1990 to 2019 and analyze their associations with geographic, demographic, social, and clinical factors.Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, we assessed the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of both asthma and AD from 1990 to 2019, stratified by geographic region, age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI). DALYs were calculated as the sum of years lived with disability and years of life lost to premature mortality. Additionally, the disease burden of asthma attributable to high body mass index, occupational asthmagens, and smoking was described.In 2019, there were a total of 262 million [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 224-309 million] cases of asthma and 171 million [95% UI: 165-178 million] total cases of AD globally; age-standardized prevalence rates were 3416 [95% UI: 2899-4066] and 2277 [95% UI: 2192-2369] per 100,000 population for asthma and AD, respectively, a 24.1% [95% UI: -27.2 to -20.8] decrease for asthma and a 4.3% [95% UI: 3.8-4.8] decrease for AD compared to baseline in 1990. Both asthma and AD had similar trends according to age, with age-specific prevalence rates peaking at age 5-9 years and rising again in adulthood. The prevalence and incidence of asthma and AD were both higher for individuals with higher SDI; however, mortality and DALYs rates of individuals with asthma had a reverse trend, with higher mortality and DALYs rates in those in the lower SDI quintiles. Of the three risk factors, high body mass index contributed to the highest DALYs and deaths due to asthma, accounting for a total of 3.65 million [95% UI: 2.14-5.60 million] asthma DALYs and 75,377 [95% UI: 40,615-122,841] asthma deaths.Asthma and AD continue to cause significant morbidity worldwide, having increased in total prevalence and incidence cases worldwide, but having decreased in age-standardized prevalence rates from 1990 to 2019. Although both are more frequent at younger ages and more prevalent in high-SDI countries, each condition has distinct temporal and regional characteristics. Understanding the temporospatial trends in the disease burden of asthma and AD could guide future policies and interventions to better manage these diseases worldwide and achieve equity in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/all.15807

  View details for PubMedID 37431853

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC10529296

• Device profile of Nerivio for the acute and preventive treatment of episodic or chronic migraine in patients 12 years and older EXPERT REVIEW OF MEDICAL DEVICES Babaei, M., Rapoport, A. M. 2023; 20 (6): 433-447

  Abstract

  Migraine is a prevalent, inherited and disabling brain disease with multiple symptoms and a variety of treatment options. Nerivio, utilizing remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) a wearable device, offers users good efficacy, tolerability and safety. It is user-friendly, affordable, non-addictive and cleared by the FDA and the European Conformity.The device structure, mechanism of action, indications for use, application instructions, efficacy, adverse events, tolerability, safety, patient satisfaction, associated application and the research highlights are discussed herein.The device works well for most people living with migraine, often without concomitant medication, is tolerable, safe and causes minimal and mild adverse effects. It expands our migraine treatment options and improves patient adherence to treatment. Nerivio is easy-to-use and can be worn at any time of the day; it provides a non-pharmacologic option for the optimization of migraine treatment without significant adverse events.

  View details for DOI 10.1080/17434440.2023.2202815

  View details for Web of Science ID 000987112100001

  View details for PubMedID 37042425

• Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS): an interesting case report J Headache Pain Togha, M., Babaei, M., Ganji Ghelichi, P. 2021
• Mental Health and Attitude toward Substance use among Medical Students J. Psychology and Mental Health Care Mohamadbeigi, A., Babaei, M. 2021