Martin Carnoy
Lemann Foundation Professor
Graduate School of Education
Bio
Dr. Carnoy is a labor economist with a special interest in the political economy of the educational system. He specializes in comparative analysis.
Administrative Appointments
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Professor of Education and Economics, Stanford Graduate School of Education (1977 - Present)
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Associate Professor of Education and Economics, Stanford Graduate School of Education (1971 - 1977)
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Assistant Professor of Education and Economics, Stanford Graduate School of Education (1968 - 1971)
Boards, Advisory Committees, Professional Organizations
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Consultant, World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, UNESCO, IEA, OECD, UNICEF, International Labour Office (2019 - Present)
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Member, National Academy of Education (2019 - Present)
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Member, International Academy of Education (2019 - Present)
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Chair, Social Studies & Educational Practice Committee, Stanford School of Education (2005 - 2009)
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President, Comparative and International Educational Society (2005 - 2006)
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Vice-President, Comparative and International Educational Society (2004 - 2005)
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Member, American Educational Research Association Grants Board Committee (1998 - Present)
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Board of Directors, Comparative and International Educational Society (1998 - 2001)
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Member, American Educational Research Association Book Award Committee (1997 - 1999)
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Chair, Social Studies & Educational Practice Committee, Stanford School of Education (1995 - 2000)
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Research Associate in Economics, Foreign Policy Division, The Brookings Institute (1964 - 1968)
Program Affiliations
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Public Policy
Professional Education
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BS, California Institute of Technology, Electrical Engineering (1960)
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MA, University of Chicago, Economics (1961)
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PhD, University of Chicago, Economics (1964)
Research Interests
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International and Comparative Education
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School Choice
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School Reform
Current Research and Scholarly Interests
Researching econometric models of quality of education in Latin America and Southern Africa. Studying changes in university financing and the quality of engineering and science tertiary education in China, India, and Russia.
2024-25 Courses
- Global Education Policy & Organization
EDUC 306B, PUBLPOL 316 (Win) - Topics in Brazilian Education: Public Policy and Innovation for the 21st Century
EDUC 404 (Win) - Using International Test Results in Educational Research
EDUC 203 (Win) -
Independent Studies (8)
- Directed Reading
EDUC 480 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Directed Reading in Education
EDUC 180 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Directed Research
EDUC 490 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Directed Research in Education
EDUC 190 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Honors Research
EDUC 140 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Master's Thesis
EDUC 185 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Practicum
EDUC 470 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Supervised Internship
EDUC 380 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum)
- Directed Reading
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Prior Year Courses
2023-24 Courses
- Global Education Policy & Organization
EDUC 306B, PUBLPOL 316 (Win) - Introduction to International and Comparative Education
EDUC 202 (Aut) - Topics in Brazilian Education: Public Policy and Innovation for the 21st Century
EDUC 404 (Win)
2022-23 Courses
- Global Education Policy & Organization
EDUC 306B, PUBLPOL 316 (Win) - Topics in Brazilian Education: Public Policy and Innovation for the 21st Century
EDUC 404 (Win) - Using International Test Results in Educational Research
EDUC 203 (Win)
2021-22 Courses
- Global Education Policy & Organization
EDUC 306B, PUBLPOL 316 (Win) - Topics in Brazilian Education: Public Policy and Innovation for the 21st Century
EDUC 404 (Win) - Using International Test Results in Educational Research
EDUC 203 (Win)
- Global Education Policy & Organization
Stanford Advisees
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Master's Program Advisor
Júlia Lima da Fonseca, Marina Novaes Lopes, Giacomo Rabaiolli Ramos, Alexis Ramirez -
Doctoral Dissertation Co-Advisor (AC)
Heitor Santos -
Doctoral (Program)
Daniela Gamboa Zapatel, Gabriel Koraicho, Heitor Santos
All Publications
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Achievement gains in an unequal society: Analyzing academic performance among Brazilian school districts, 2007-2017
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
2024; 107
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2024.103049
View details for Web of Science ID 001231871900001
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The uneven earnings benefits for men and women of skills acquisition in a virtual university
JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND WORK
2023
View details for DOI 10.1080/13639080.2023.2189692
View details for Web of Science ID 000954091100001
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Beyond scores: A machine learning approach to comparing educational system effectiveness.
PloS one
2023; 18 (10): e0289260
Abstract
Studies comparing large-scale assessment data among educational systems have been an important tool for understanding the differences in how education is delivered worldwide. Many of these studies do not go beyond reporting average student scores in a particular educational system. A more unbiased analysis would avoid the simple use of gross performance and consider educational system contexts. A common approach is to estimate effectiveness by the residuals of parametric linear models. These models rely upon strong assumptions regarding the data-generating process, and are limited to handling extensive datasets. To address this issue, our paper provides a new approach based on machine learning models. The new approach is flexible, allows paired comparison, and is model-independent. An analysis conducted in Brazil verifies the suitability of the method to explore differences in effectiveness between Brazilian educational administrative units at the regional and state levels from 2009 to 2019. Our results are consistent with the existing literature, but the methodology produced a number of new findings that were not observed in studies using more traditional approaches.
View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0289260
View details for PubMedID 37883478
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Trends in the academic achievement gap between high and low social class children: The case of Brazil
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
2022; 94
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2022.102650
View details for Web of Science ID 000879531400001
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The effects of public high school subsidies on student test scores The case of a full-day high school in Pernambuco, Brazil
ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION REVIEW
2022; 87
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.econedurev.2021.102201
View details for Web of Science ID 000780824800007
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Does teaching to the test improve student learning?
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
2021; 84
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102422
View details for Web of Science ID 000694908500017
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Do students make greater achievement gains in some higher education institutions' programs than others? Insights from Brazil
HIGHER EDUCATION
2019; 78 (5): 887–910
View details for DOI 10.1007/s10734-019-00376-6
View details for Web of Science ID 000493605600008
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The case of computer science education, employment, gender, and race/ethnicity in Silicon Valley, 1980-2015
JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND WORK
2019
View details for DOI 10.1080/13639080.2019.1679728
View details for Web of Science ID 000492763500001
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Achievement gains from reconfiguring early schooling: The case of Brazil's primary education reform
ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION REVIEW
2019; 68: 1–12
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.econedurev.2018.10.010
View details for Web of Science ID 000458467800001
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Paulo Freire's Continued Relevance for US Education
WILEY HANDBOOK OF PAULO FREIRE
2019: 221–37
View details for Web of Science ID 000560389300014
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How international tests fail to inform policy: The unsolved mystery of Australia's steady decline in PISA scores
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
2018; 60: 60–79
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.10.018
View details for Web of Science ID 000432761100008
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GLOBAL: DOES HIGHER EDUCATION EXPANSION EQUALIZE INCOME DISTRIBUTION?
UNDERSTANDING GLOBAL HIGHER EDUCATION: INSIGHTS FROM KEY GLOBAL PUBLICATIONS
2017; 37: 13–15
View details for Web of Science ID 000444553800005
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Do "better" teachers and classroom resources improve student achievement? A causal comparative approach in Kenya, South Africa, and Swaziland
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
2016; 50: 108-124
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2016.07.001
View details for Web of Science ID 000382797300012
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Revisiting the Relationship Between International Assessment Outcomes and Educational Production: Evidence From a Longitudinal PISA-TIMSS Sample
AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL
2016; 53 (4): 1054-1085
View details for DOI 10.3102/0002831216653180
View details for Web of Science ID 000383209100008
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Estimating the economic payoff to virtual university education: a case study of the Open University of Catalonia
HIGHER EDUCATION
2016; 72 (1): 1-24
View details for DOI 10.1007/s10734-015-9935-1
View details for Web of Science ID 000377491000001
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The unintended and intended academic consequences of educational reforms: the cases of Post-Soviet Estonia, Latvia and Russia
OXFORD REVIEW OF EDUCATION
2016; 42 (2): 178-199
View details for DOI 10.1080/03054985.2016.1157063
View details for Web of Science ID 000373974700004
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The effectiveness of vocational versus general secondary education Evidence from the PISA 2012 for countries with early tracking
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANPOWER
2016; 37 (1): 2-24
View details for DOI 10.1108/IJM-01-2015-0022
View details for Web of Science ID 000374147200001
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Educational Policies in the Face of Globalization: Whither the Nation State?
HANDBOOK OF GLOBAL EDUCATION POLICY
2016: 27-42
View details for Web of Science ID 000568970300003
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The Effectiveness of an Early-Grade Literacy Intervention on the Cognitive Achievement of Brazilian Students
EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION AND POLICY ANALYSIS
2015; 37 (4): 567-590
View details for DOI 10.3102/0162373715571437
View details for Web of Science ID 000366599000009
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Are teachers accurate in predicting their students' performance on high stakes' exams? The case of Russia
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
2015; 43: 1-11
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.04.007
View details for Web of Science ID 000360950200002
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The Role of Classroom Resources and National Educational Context in Student Learning Gains: Comparing Botswana, Kenya, and South Africa
COMPARATIVE EDUCATION REVIEW
2015; 59 (2): 199-233
View details for DOI 10.1086/680173
View details for Web of Science ID 000354117500001
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What International Test Scores Tell Us
SOCIETY
2015; 52 (2): 122-128
View details for DOI 10.1007/s12115-015-9869-3
View details for Web of Science ID 000352154700003
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Using TIMSS and PISA results to inform educational policy: a study of Russia and its neighbours
COMPARE-A JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE AND INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION
2015; 45 (2): 248-271
View details for DOI 10.1080/03057925.2013.855002
View details for Web of Science ID 000348768300001
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Language, Development Aid and Human Rights in Education Curriculum Policies in Africa and Asia Foreword
LANGUAGE, DEVELOPMENT AID AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN EDUCATION: CURRICULUM POLICIES IN AFRICA AND ASIA
2015: XII-XV
View details for Web of Science ID 000412420200001
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Factors affecting the quality of engineering education in the four largest emerging economies
HIGHER EDUCATION
2014; 68 (6): 977-1004
View details for DOI 10.1007/s10734-014-9755-8
View details for Web of Science ID 000346963500012
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The concept of public goods, the state, and higher education finance: a view from the BRICs
HIGHER EDUCATION
2014; 68 (3): 359-378
View details for DOI 10.1007/s10734-014-9717-1
View details for Web of Science ID 000340607500003
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Which teaching practices improve student performance on high-stakes exams? Evidence from Russia
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
2014; 36: 13-21
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.01.003
View details for Web of Science ID 000335612200003
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Comparing opportunity to learn and student achievement gains in southern African primary schools: A new approach
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
2013; 33 (5): 426-435
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2012.12.006
View details for Web of Science ID 000323293900003
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Goals and governance of higher education in India
HIGHER EDUCATION
2013; 65 (5): 595-612
View details for DOI 10.1007/s10734-012-9565-9
View details for Web of Science ID 000318173500004
- All else equal: Are public and private schools different? Routledge. 2013
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Does On-line Distance Higher Education Pay Off for Adult Learners ? The Case of the Open University of Catalonia
HIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY
2012; 66 (3): 248-271
View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1468-2273.2012.00520.x
View details for Web of Science ID 000211245700003
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Cuban students excel in Latin America
PHI DELTA KAPPAN
2012; 93 (5): 74-75
View details for DOI 10.1177/003172171209300519
View details for Web of Science ID 000300119400018
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Who attends and completes virtual universities: the case of the open University of Catalonia (UOC)
HIGHER EDUCATION
2012; 63 (1): 53-82
View details for DOI 10.1007/s10734-011-9424-0
View details for Web of Science ID 000297176800004
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AS HIGHER EDUCATION EXPANDS, IS IT CONTRIBUTING TO GREATER INEQUALITY?
NATIONAL INSTITUTE ECONOMIC REVIEW
2011; 215 (1): R34-R47
View details for DOI 10.1177/0027950111401142
View details for Web of Science ID 000212142000013
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TEACHER KNOWLEDGE AND TEACHING IN PANAMA AND COSTA RICA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE INVESTIGACION EN MATEMATICA EDUCATIVA-RELIME
2009; 12 (2): 251-290
View details for Web of Science ID 000268266700005
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How schools and students respond to school improvement programs: The case of Brazil's PDE
ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION REVIEW
2008; 27 (1): 22-38
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.econedurev.2006.04.005
View details for Web of Science ID 000254067700003
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Skill acquisition in 'high tech' export agriculture: a case study of lifelong learning in Peru's asparagus industry
JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND WORK
2008; 21 (1): 1-23
View details for DOI 10.1080/13639080801956982
View details for Web of Science ID 000212945600001
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THE LIMITATIONS OF TEACHER PAY INCENTIVE PROGRAMS BASED ON INTER-COHORT COMPARISONS: THE CASE OF CHILE'S SNED
EDUCATION FINANCE AND POLICY
2007; 2 (3): 189-227
View details for Web of Science ID 000208268200001
- Cuba's academic advantage: Why students in Cuba do better in school Stanford University Press. 2007
- Vouchers and public school performance Washington: Economic Policy Institute 2007
- Estimating causal effects using experimental and observational design American Educational & Reseach Association. 2007
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Rethinking the comparative - and the international
COMPARATIVE EDUCATION REVIEW
2006; 50 (4): 551-570
View details for DOI 10.1086/507054
View details for Web of Science ID 000241930400001
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WORTH THE PRICE? WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE ON CHARTER SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT
EDUCATION FINANCE AND POLICY
2006; 1 (1): 151-161
View details for Web of Science ID 000208267500008
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Cuba's academic performance in comparative perspective
COMPARATIVE EDUCATION REVIEW
2005; 49 (2): 230-261
View details for Web of Science ID 000229648300005
- The charter school dust-up: Examining the evidence on enrollment and achievement Economic Policy Institute Washington, DC. 2005
- The new accountability: High schools and high-stakes testing Routledge. 2003
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WHITEWASHING RACE The Myth of a Color-Blind Society Preface
WHITEWASHING RACE: THE MYTH OF A COLOR-BLIND SOCIETY
2003: VII-+
View details for Web of Science ID 000296094900001
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Race Preferences and Race Privileges Introduction
WHITEWASHING RACE: THE MYTH OF A COLOR-BLIND SOCIETY
2003: 1-+
View details for Web of Science ID 000296094900002
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Of Fish and Water Perspectives on Racism and Privilege
WHITEWASHING RACE: THE MYTH OF A COLOR-BLIND SOCIETY
2003: 34-+
View details for Web of Science ID 000296094900003
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Civil Rights and Racial Equality Employment Discrimination Law, Affirmative Action, and Quotas
WHITEWASHING RACE: THE MYTH OF A COLOR-BLIND SOCIETY
2003: 161-+
View details for Web of Science ID 000296094900007
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Been in the Pen So Long Race, Crime, and Justice
WHITEWASHING RACE: THE MYTH OF A COLOR-BLIND SOCIETY
2003: 132-+
View details for Web of Science ID 000296094900006
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FACING UP TO RACE CONCLUSION
WHITEWASHING RACE: THE MYTH OF A COLOR-BLIND SOCIETY
2003: 223-+
View details for Web of Science ID 000296094900009
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Color-Blindness as Color Consciousness Voting Rights and Political Equality
WHITEWASHING RACE: THE MYTH OF A COLOR-BLIND SOCIETY
2003: 193-+
View details for Web of Science ID 000296094900008
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The Bankruptcy of Virtuous Markets Racial Inequality, Poverty, and "Individual Failure"
WHITEWASHING RACE: THE MYTH OF A COLOR-BLIND SOCIETY
2003: 66-+
View details for Web of Science ID 000296094900004
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Keeping Blacks in Their Place Race, Education, and Testing
WHITEWASHING RACE: THE MYTH OF A COLOR-BLIND SOCIETY
2003: 104-+
View details for Web of Science ID 000296094900005
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Does external accountability affect student outcomes? A cross-state analysis
EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION AND POLICY ANALYSIS
2002; 24 (4): 305-331
View details for Web of Science ID 000182629300003
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The effectiveness and efficiency of private schools in Chile's voucher system
EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION AND POLICY ANALYSIS
2000; 22 (3): 213-239
View details for Web of Science ID 000089946600001
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Notes on the production and use of knowledge in the education sector
4th Forum on Measuring Knowledge in Learning Economies and Societies
ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT. 2000: 211–218
View details for Web of Science ID 000088115900013
- Sustaining flexibility: work, family, and community in the information age New York: Russell Sage Foundation 2000
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The family, flexible work and social cohesion at risk
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR REVIEW
1999; 138 (4): 411-?
View details for Web of Science ID 000085370200004
- Globalization and educational reform: What planners need to know UNESCO, International Institute for Educational Planning. 1999
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The great work dilemma: Education, employment, and wages in the new global economy
ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION REVIEW
1997; 16 (3): 247-254
View details for Web of Science ID A1997XG52400005
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Labour markets and employment practices in the age of flexibility: A case study of Silicon Valley
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR REVIEW
1997; 136 (1): 27-?
View details for Web of Science ID A1997XF92900003
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The new information technology - International diffusion and its impact on employment and skills - A review of the literature
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANPOWER
1997; 18 (1-2): 119-?
View details for Web of Science ID A1997XJ92900006
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Education and racial inequality: The human capital explanation revisited
ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION REVIEW
1996; 15 (3): 259-272
View details for Web of Science ID A1996VQ73000005
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Women and minority gains in a rapidly changing local labor market: The San Francisco Bay area in the 1980s
ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION REVIEW
1996; 15 (3): 273-287
View details for Web of Science ID A1996VQ73000006
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Structural adjustment and the changing face of education
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR REVIEW
1995; 134 (6): 653-673
View details for Web of Science ID A1995UG41300001
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WHY ARENT MORE AFRICAN-AMERICANS GOING TO COLLEGE
JOURNAL OF BLACKS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
1994: 66-69
View details for Web of Science ID A1994QK45900049
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THE NEW GLOBAL ECONOMY, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND RESTRUCTURING EDUCATION
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
1994; 9 (3-4): 270-286
View details for Web of Science ID A1994NY53800002
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EFFICIENCY AND EQUITY IN VOCATIONAL-EDUCATION AND TRAINING POLICIES
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR REVIEW
1994; 133 (2): 221-240
View details for Web of Science ID A1994NX92200005
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THE NEW GLOBAL ECONOMY, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, AND RESTRUCTURING EDUCATION
4th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organizational Design and Management
ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V. 1994: 557–562
View details for Web of Science ID A1994BC20W00089
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SCHOOL-DISTRICT RESTRUCTURING IN SANTA-FE, NEW-MEXICO
EDUCATIONAL POLICY
1990; 4 (1): 49-64
View details for Web of Science ID A1990CT25100004
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EDUCATION REFORM IN THE CURRENT ECONOMIC-CRISIS - AN UPDATE
IDS BULLETIN-INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
1989; 20 (1): 49-49
View details for Web of Science ID A1989T057900008
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EDUCATIONAL-REFORM AND PLANNING IN THE CURRENT ECONOMIC-CRISIS
PROSPECTS
1986; 16 (2): 205-214
View details for Web of Science ID A1986E527300004
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HIGH TECHNOLOGY AND INTERNATIONAL LABOR-MARKETS
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR REVIEW
1985; 124 (6): 643-659
View details for Web of Science ID A1985C787000002
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THE POLITICAL-ECONOMY OF EDUCATION
INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL
1985; 37 (2): 157-173
View details for Web of Science ID A1985ATX6100003
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CURRENTS LEFT AND RIGHT - COMMENT
COMPARATIVE EDUCATION REVIEW
1983; 27 (1): 30-32
View details for Web of Science ID A1983QB29500003
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EDUCATION, DEMOCRACY, AND SOCIAL-CONFLICT
HARVARD EDUCATIONAL REVIEW
1983; 53 (4): 398-402
View details for Web of Science ID A1983RR00500006
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EDUCATION FOR ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT
COMPARATIVE EDUCATION REVIEW
1982; 26 (2): 160-177
View details for Web of Science ID A1982NS06200002
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THE SUPPLY SIDE OF THE STREET
NATION
1981; 233 (15): 463-466
View details for Web of Science ID A1981MM82900008
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EDUCATION, INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACY AND THE STATE
ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACY
1981; 2 (2): 243-260
View details for Web of Science ID A1981MF44800006
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THE CHALLENGE OF DEMOCRACY
SOCIAL POLICY
1980; 11 (2): 3-5
View details for Web of Science ID A1980KJ88000002
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SEGMENTATION IN THE UNITED-STATES LABOR-MARKET - ITS EFFECTS ON THE MOBILITY AND EARNINGS OF WHITES AND BLACKS
CAMBRIDGE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS
1980; 4 (2): 117-132
View details for Web of Science ID A1980JY21200002
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CAN EDUCATIONAL-POLICY EQUALIZE INCOME-DISTRIBUTION
PROSPECTS
1978; 8 (1): 3-18
View details for Web of Science ID A1978FG47800001
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ECONOMIC-CHANGE AND EDUCATIONAL-REFORM IN CUBA
REVISTA DEL CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS EDUCATIVOS
1977; 7 (1): 9-31
View details for Web of Science ID A1977DF49800002
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ECONOMIC COSTS AND RETURNS TO EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND CULTURAL CHANGE
1975; 23 (2): 207-248
View details for Web of Science ID A1975V269700001
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RETURN TO SCHOOLING IN UNITED-STATES, 1939-69
JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCES
1975; 10 (3): 312-331
View details for Web of Science ID A1975AL56200002
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EVALUATION OF EDUCATIONAL MEDIA - SOME ISSUES
INSTRUCTIONAL SCIENCE
1975; 4 (3-4): 385-406
View details for Web of Science ID A1975AQ14400008
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ECONOMIC COSTS AND RETURNS TO EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION
EKISTICS-THE PROBLEMS AND SCIENCE OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
1975; 40 (240): 370-384
View details for Web of Science ID A1975AY14400012
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POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES OF MANPOWER FORMATION
COMPARATIVE EDUCATION REVIEW
1975; 19 (1): 115-128
View details for Web of Science ID A1975V892100008
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CRITICAL NOTES ON REPORT BY FAURE COMMISSION
REVISTA DEL CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS EDUCATIVOS
1974; 4 (4): 95-100
View details for Web of Science ID A1974V836000004
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LEARNING TO BE - CONSENSUS AND CONTRADICTIONS
CONVERGENCE
1974; 7 (3): 53-60
View details for Web of Science ID A1974V333100007
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SCHOOL IS BAD - WORK IS WORSE
SCHOOL REVIEW
1974; 83 (1): 49-68
View details for Web of Science ID A1974U810100006
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RATE OF RETURN TO SCHOOLING AND INCREASE IN HUMAN RESOURCES IN PUERTO RICO
COMPARATIVE EDUCATION REVIEW
1972; 16 (1): 68-86
View details for Web of Science ID A1972L593400006
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EDUCATIONAL PLANNING WITH FLEXIBLE WAGES - KENYAN EXAMPLE
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND CULTURAL CHANGE
1972; 20 (3): 438-473
View details for Web of Science ID A1972M333500003
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EXPLAINING DIFFERENTIALS IN EARNINGS AMONG LARGE BRAZILIAN CITIES
URBAN STUDIES
1971; 8 (1): 21-37
View details for Web of Science ID A1971I836600002
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RATES OF RETURN TO SCHOOLING IN KENYA
EASTERN AFRICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW
1971; 3 (2): 63-103
View details for Web of Science ID A1971Y157700005
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A Welfare Analysis of Latin American Economic Union: Six Industry Studies
JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY
1970; 78 (4): 626-654
View details for DOI 10.1086/259660
View details for Web of Science ID 000412636700003
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QUALITY OF EDUCATION, EXAMINATION PERFORMANCE, AND URBAN-RURAL INCOME DIFFERENTIALS IN PUERTO-RICO
COMPARATIVE EDUCATION REVIEW
1970; 14 (3): 335-349
View details for Web of Science ID A1970H478200011