Bio

Nicole Martinez-Martin received her JD from Harvard Law School and her doctorate in social sciences (comparative development/medical anthropology) from the University of Chicago. Her broader research interests concern the impact of new technologies on the treatment of vulnerable populations. Her graduate research included the study of cross-cultural approaches to mental health services in the Latine community and the use neuroscience in criminal cases. Her recent work in bioethics and neuroethics has focused on the ethics of AI and digital health technology, such as digital phenotyping or computer vision, for medical and behavioral applications.

She has served as PI for research projects examining ethical issues regarding machine learning in health care, digital health technology, digital contact tracing, and digital phenotyping. She has examined policy and regulatory issues related to privacy and data governance, bias and oversight of machine learning and digital health technology. Her K01 career development grant, funded through NIMH, focuses on the ethics of machine learning and digital mental health technology. Recent research has included examining bias, equity and inclusion as it pertains to machine learning and digital health, as well as social implications of privacy and data protections on marginalized groups.

Academic Appointments

Boards, Advisory Committees, Professional Organizations

  • Neuroethics Framework - Legal System Working Group, Co-Chair, IEEE (2020 - Present)
  • Ethics Committee, International Society for Psychiatric Genetics (2019 - Present)
  • Program Committee, co-chair, International Neuroethics Society (2020 - Present)
  • Emerging Issues Task Force - Chair, International Neuroethics Society (2021 - Present)
  • Diversity & Inclusion Task Force, International Neuroethics Society (2020 - Present)

Additional Info

Current Research and Scholarly Interests

NIH/National Institute of Mental Health
K01 MH118375-01A1
“Ethical, Legal and Social Implications in the Use of Digital Technology for Mental Health Applications”

Greenwall Foundation Making a Difference in Bioethics Grant
“Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of Digital Phenotyping”

2021-22 Courses

All Publications

  • Dimensions of Research-Participant Interaction: Engagement is Not a Replacement for Consent. The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics Shearer, E., Martinez, N., Magnus, D. 2020; 48 (1): 183–84

    View details for DOI 10.1177/1073110520917008

    View details for PubMedID 32342787

  • What Are Important Ethical Implications of Using Facial Recognition Technology in Health Care? AMA journal of ethics Martinez-Martin, N. 2019; 21 (2): E180–187

    Abstract

    Applications of facial recognition technology (FRT) in health care settings have been developed to identify and monitor patients as well as to diagnose genetic, medical, and behavioral conditions. The use of FRT in health care suggests the importance of informed consent, data input and analysis quality, effective communication about incidental findings, and potential influence on patient-clinician relationships. Privacy and data protection are thought to present challenges for the use of FRT for health applications.

    View details for DOI 10.1001/amajethics.2019.180

    View details for PubMedID 30794128

  • Data mining for health: staking out the ethical territory of digital phenotyping NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE Martinez-Martin, N., Insel, T. R., Dagum, P., Greely, H. T., Cho, M. K. 2018; 1

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s41746-018-0075-8

    View details for Web of Science ID 000453910600001

  • Is It Ethical to Use Prognostic Estimates from Machine Learning to Treat Psychosis? AMA journal of ethics Martinez-Martin, N., Dunn, L. B., Roberts, L. W. 2018; 20 (9): E804–811

    Abstract

    Machine learning is a method for predicting clinically relevant variables, such as opportunities for early intervention, potential treatment response, prognosis, and health outcomes. This commentary examines the following ethical questions about machine learning in a case of a patient with new onset psychosis: (1) When is clinical innovation ethically acceptable? (2) How should clinicians communicate with patients about the ethical issues raised by a machine learning predictive model?

    View details for PubMedID 30242810

  • Surveillance and Digital Health. The American journal of bioethics : AJOB Martinez-Martin, N., Char, D. 2018; 18 (9): 67–68

    View details for PubMedID 30235099

  • Ethical Issues for Direct-to-Consumer Digital Psychotherapy Apps: Addressing Accountability, Data Protection, and Consent JMIR MENTAL HEALTH Martinez-Martin, N., Kreitmair, K. 2018; 5 (2): e32

    Abstract

    This paper focuses on the ethical challenges presented by direct-to-consumer (DTC) digital psychotherapy services that do not involve oversight by a professional mental health provider. DTC digital psychotherapy services can potentially assist in improving access to mental health care for the many people who would otherwise not have the resources or ability to connect with a therapist. However, the lack of adequate regulation in this area exacerbates concerns over how safety, privacy, accountability, and other ethical obligations to protect an individual in therapy are addressed within these services. In the traditional therapeutic relationship, there are ethical obligations that serve to protect the interests of the client and provide warnings. In contrast, in a DTC therapy app, there are no clear lines of accountability or associated ethical obligations to protect the user seeking mental health services. The types of DTC services that present ethical challenges include apps that use a digital platform to connect users to minimally trained nonprofessional counselors, as well as services that provide counseling steered by artificial intelligence and conversational agents. There is a need for adequate oversight of DTC nonprofessional psychotherapy services and additional empirical research to inform policy that will provide protection to the consumer.

    View details for DOI 10.2196/mental.9423

    View details for Web of Science ID 000430917500002

    View details for PubMedID 29685865

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5938696

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-0462