Peter B. Catrysse
Sr Research Engineer
Academic Units
Web page: http://web.stanford.edu/people/pcatryss
Bio
My interests are in the fields of nanophotonics and solid-state image sensing. My research in nanophotonics focuses on the theoretical and experimental exploration of metamaterials and 3D metaphotonic devices that enable efficient transport of light at the nano-scale with applications in energy, information technology, optical sensing, and even textiles. My research in solid-state image sensing stems from my doctoral work on the optics of image sensors. Here, I am particularly interested in light-matter interaction inside sub-micron-size image sensor pixels and the consequences of fundamental light properties on performance as solid state image sensor technology scales.
Academic Appointments
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Sr Research Engineer, Academic Units
Honors & Awards
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Fellow, Optical Society (OSA) (2020)
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Fellow, International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE) (2018)
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Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) (2008)
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Alumni Member, Engineering Honor Society (Tau Beta Pi) (2007)
Boards, Advisory Committees, Professional Organizations
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Program Committee - IS&T Electronic Imaging: Imaging Sensors and Systems, Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS&T) (2022 - Present)
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Chair - OSA Nanophotonics (ON) Technical Group (TG), Optical Society (OSA) (2016 - 2018)
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Program Chair - OSA Optics & Photonics Congress on Imaging Systems (IS), Optical Society (OSA) (2016 - 2016)
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Topical Editor - Applied Optics, Optical Society (OSA) (2016 - 2016)
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Topical Editor - Applied Optics, Optical Society (OSA) (2012 - 2013)
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General Chair - OSA Optics & Photonics Congress on Imaging Systems (IS), Optical Society (OSA) (2012 - 2012)
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Program Chair - OSA Optics & Photonics Congress on Imaging Systems (IS), Optical Society (OSA) (2011 - 2011)
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Program Committee - OSA Optics & Photonics Congress on Imaging Systems (IS), Optical Society (OSA) (2010 - Present)
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Program Committee - IS&T Electronic Imaging: Digital Photography, Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS&T) (2008 - 2021)
Professional Education
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Ph.D., Stanford University, Electrical Engineering (2003)
Current Research and Scholarly Interests
Nanophotonics, 3D Metaphotonic devices, Metamaterials, Optical Imaging
All Publications
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A single-layer color router for solid-state image sensors
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
2026; 128 (9)
View details for DOI 10.1063/5.0307556
View details for Web of Science ID 001705014900001
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Scalable Carbon Dioxide Capture Using Clay-Derived Zeolites via Atomic Rearrangement.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
2026
Abstract
Effective carbon capture materials are crucial for mitigating climate change and supporting sustainable industrial processes. However, developing scalable, cost-effective adsorbents with high carbon dioxide capacity, superior selectivity, and long-term stability remains a major challenge. Here, we report the scalable synthesis of Linde Type A zeolite via atomic reassembly of halloysite clay using mature industrial processes, achieving a high carbon dioxide adsorption capacity of 5.0 mmol g-1 with good cyclic stability. The transformation from a layered to a cubic framework with enlarged vacant spaces significantly enhances carbon dioxide accommodation. Additionally, the as-prepared zeolite demonstrates outstanding carbon dioxide/nitrogen selectivity (178 for 5% carbon dioxide) and robust thermal stability over multiple adsorption-desorption cycles. In situ tests reveal that adsorption is primarily governed by weakly bound interactions, allowing for the easy regeneration. This study presents a promising and scalable strategy for developing high-performance adsorbents toward gigaton-scale carbon dioxide capture applications.
View details for DOI 10.1021/jacs.5c20976
View details for PubMedID 41736194
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Ideal optical antimatter using passive lossy materials under complex frequency excitation.
Light, science & applications
2026; 15 (1): 48
Abstract
The original concept of left-handed material has inspired the possibility of optical antimatter, where the effect of light propagation through a medium can be completely canceled by its complementary medium. Despite recent progress in the development of negative-index metamaterials, losses continue to be a significant barrier to realizing optical antimatter. In this work, we show that passive, lossy materials can be used to realize optical antimatter when illuminated by light at a complex frequency. We further establish that one can engineer arbitrary complex-valued permittivity and permeability in such materials. Strikingly, we show that materials with a positive index at real frequencies can act as negative-index materials under complex frequency excitation. Using our approach, we numerically demonstrate the optical antimatter functionality, as well as double focusing by an ideal perfect lens and superscattering. Our work demonstrates the power of temporally structured light in unlocking the promising opportunities of complementary media, which have until now been inhibited by material loss.
View details for DOI 10.1038/s41377-025-02137-w
View details for PubMedID 41484080
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC12764775
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Shaping space-time wave packets beyond the paraxial limit using a dispersion magnifier
PHYSICAL REVIEW A
2025; 111 (1)
View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevA.111.013504
View details for Web of Science ID 001414541200012
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Weyl points in a twisted multilayer photonic system
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
2024; 125 (17)
View details for DOI 10.1063/5.0231392
View details for Web of Science ID 001342124500003
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Radiative cooling textiles using industry-standard particle-free nonporous micro-structured fibers.
Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)
2024; 13 (5): 649-657
Abstract
Thermal radiation is a major dissipative pathway for heat generated by the human body and offers a significant thermoregulation mechanism over a wide range of conditions. We could use this in garment design to enhance personal cooling, which can improve the wearing comfort of garments or even result in energy savings in buildings. At present, however, radiative cooling has received insufficient attention in commercial design and production of textiles for wearable garments. Textiles that efficiently transmit the radiative heat were recently demonstrated, but either do not utilize standard weaving and knitting processes for wearable garments or require substantial process modifications. Here, we demonstrate the design and implementation of large-scale radiative cooling textiles for localized cooling management and enhanced thermal comfort using industry-standard particle-free nonporous micro-structured fibers that are fully compatible with standard textile materials and production methods. The micro-structured fibers, yarns and fabrics are part of a hierarchical photonic structure design that renders the textiles highly infrared transparent (up to > 0.8) while assuring visual opacity (up to 0.99). We design radiative cooling textiles with first-principles electromagnetic methods and fabricate them using commercial textile materials and formation facilities. Our "fabless" approach is confirmed by very good quantitative agreement between design and measurements. The resulting fabrics exhibit wearability properties expected of wearable textiles, and lower skin temperature by ≥ 3 °C compared to conventional textiles, which offers the potential for > 30 % energy savings in buildings and increases wearing comfort by significantly reducing the reliance on latent heat dissipation for thermoregulation.
View details for DOI 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0650
View details for PubMedID 39635108
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC11501447
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Multifunctional intelligent surfaces based on volumetric inverse topology design
IEEE. 2024
View details for DOI 10.1109/IRMMW-THz60956.2024.10697829
View details for Web of Science ID 001334520200303
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Spectral routers for snapshot multispectral imaging
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
2023; 123 (26)
View details for DOI 10.1063/5.0176587
View details for Web of Science ID 001134243900002
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Subwavelength Bayer RGB color routers with perfect optical efficiency
NANOPHOTONICS
2022
View details for DOI 10.1515/nanoph-2022-0069
View details for Web of Science ID 000776298000001
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Subambient daytime radiative cooling textile based on nanoprocessed silk
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
2021
Abstract
Decreasing energy consumption is critical to sustainable development. Because temperature regulation for human comfort consumes vast amounts of energy, substantial research efforts are currently directed towards developing passive personal thermal management techniques that cool the human body without any energy consumption1-9. Although various cooling textile designs have been proposed previously, textile-based daytime radiative cooling to a temperature below ambient has not been realized6-13. Silk, a natural protein fabric produced by moth caterpillars, is famous for its shimmering appearance and its cooling and comforting sensation on skin14-17. It has been recently recognized that silk, with its optical properties derived from its hierarchical microstructure, may represent a promising starting point for exploring daytime radiative cooling18-21. However, the intrinsic absorption of protein in the ultraviolet region prevents natural silk from achieving net cooling under sunlight. Here we explore the nanoprocessing of silk through a molecular bonding design and scalable coupling reagent-assisted dip-coating method, and demonstrate that nanoprocessed silk can achieve subambient daytime radiative cooling. Under direct sunlight (peak solar irradiance >900 W m-2) we observed a temperature of ~3.5 °C below ambient (for an ambient temperature of ~35 °C) for stand-alone nanoprocessed silks. We also observed a temperature reduction of 8 °C for a simulated skin when coated with nanoprocessed silk, compared with natural silk. This subambient daytime radiative cooling of nanoprocessed silk was achieved without compromising its wearability and comfort. This strategy of tailoring natural fabrics through scalable nanoprocessing techniques opens up new pathways to realizing thermoregulatory materials and provides an innovative way to sustainable energy.
View details for DOI 10.1038/s41565-021-00987-0
View details for Web of Science ID 000715703700003
View details for PubMedID 34750560
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Scattering of electromagnetic waves by cylinder inside uniaxial hyperbolic medium
OPTICS EXPRESS
2019; 27 (4): 3991–4003
View details for DOI 10.1364/OE.27.003991
View details for Web of Science ID 000459152800033
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Scattering of electromagnetic waves by cylinder inside uniaxial hyperbolic medium
edited by Engheta, N., Noginov, M. A., Zheludev, N. I.
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2019
View details for DOI 10.1117/12.2527212
View details for Web of Science ID 000511108800014
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Spectrally Selective Nanocomposite Textile for Outdoor Personal Cooling
ADVANCED MATERIALS
2018; 30 (35)
View details for DOI 10.1002/adma.201802152
View details for Web of Science ID 000442732400018
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Spectrally Selective Nanocomposite Textile for Outdoor Personal Cooling.
Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
2018: e1802152
Abstract
Outdoor heat stress poses a serious public health threat and curtails industrial labor supply and productivity, thus adversely impacting the wellness and economy of the entire society. With climate change, there will be more intense and frequent heat waves that further present a grand challenge for sustainability. However, an efficient and economical method that can provide localized outdoor cooling of the human body without intensive energy input is lacking. Here, a novel spectrally selective nanocomposite textile for radiative outdoor cooling using zinc oxide nanoparticle-embedded polyethylene is demonstrated. By reflecting more than 90% solar irradiance and selectively transmitting out human body thermal radiation, this textile can enable simulated skin to avoid overheating by 5-13 °C compared to normal textile like cotton under peak daylight condition. Owing to its superior passive cooling capability and compatibility with large-scale production, this radiative outdoor cooling textile is promising to widely benefit the sustainability of society in many aspects spanning from health to economy.
View details for PubMedID 30015999
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Broadband Control of Topological Nodes in Electromagnetic Fields
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
2018; 120 (19): 193903
Abstract
We study topological nodes (phase singularities) in electromagnetic wave interactions with structures. We show that, when the nodes exist, it is possible to bind certain nodes to a specific plane in the structure by a combination of mirror and time-reversal symmetry. Such binding does not rely on any resonances in the structure. As a result, the nodes persist on the plane over a wide wavelength range. As an implication of such broadband binding, we demonstrate that the topological nodes can be used for hiding of metallic objects over a broad wavelength range.
View details for PubMedID 29799227
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Nanoporous polyethylene microfibres for large-scale radiative cooling fabric
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
2018; 1 (2): 105–12
View details for DOI 10.1038/s41893-018-0023-2
View details for Web of Science ID 000439122700012
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Broadband Control of Topological Nodes in Electromagnetic Fields
IEEE. 2018
View details for Web of Science ID 000526031001056
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A dual-mode textile for human body radiative heating and cooling
SCIENCE ADVANCES
2017; 3 (11): e1700895
Abstract
Maintaining human body temperature is one of the most basic needs for living, which often consumes a huge amount of energy to keep the ambient temperature constant. To expand the ambient temperature range while maintaining human thermal comfort, the concept of personal thermal management has been recently demonstrated in heating and cooling textiles separately through human body infrared radiation control. Realizing these two opposite functions within the same textile would represent an exciting scientific challenge and a significant technological advancement. We demonstrate a dual-mode textile that can perform both passive radiative heating and cooling using the same piece of textile without any energy input. The dual-mode textile is composed of a bilayer emitter embedded inside an infrared-transparent nanoporous polyethylene (nanoPE) layer. We demonstrate that the asymmetrical characteristics of both emissivity and nanoPE thickness can result in two different heat transfer coefficients and achieve heating when the low-emissivity layer is facing outside and cooling by wearing the textile inside out when the high-emissivity layer is facing outside. This can expand the thermal comfort zone by 6.5°C. Numerical fitting of the data further predicts 14.7°C of comfort zone expansion for dual-mode textiles with large emissivity contrast.
View details for PubMedID 29296678
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Warming up human body by nanoporous metallized polyethylene textile
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
2017; 8: 496
Abstract
Space heating accounts for the largest energy end-use of buildings that imposes significant burden on the society. The energy wasted for heating the empty space of the entire building can be saved by passively heating the immediate environment around the human body. Here, we demonstrate a nanophotonic structure textile with tailored infrared (IR) property for passive personal heating using nanoporous metallized polyethylene. By constructing an IR-reflective layer on an IR-transparent layer with embedded nanopores, the nanoporous metallized polyethylene textile achieves a minimal IR emissivity (10.1%) on the outer surface that effectively suppresses heat radiation loss without sacrificing wearing comfort. This enables 7.1 °C decrease of the set-point compared to normal textile, greatly outperforming other radiative heating textiles by more than 3 °C. This large set-point expansion can save more than 35% of building heating energy in a cost-effective way, and ultimately contribute to the relief of global energy and climate issues.Energy wasted for heating the empty space of the entire building can be saved by passively heating the immediate environment around the human body. Here, the authors show a nanophotonic structure textile with tailored infrared property for passive personal heating using nanoporous metallized polyethylene.
View details for PubMedID 28928427
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Modern imaging: introduction to the feature issue
APPLIED OPTICS
2017; 56 (9): MI1–MI2
Abstract
This special issue of Applied Optics contains selected papers reflecting the various disciplines that are needed for the design, implementation and advancement of imaging technology and systems, and it highlights the state-of-the-art research developments in the areas of modern imaging use.
View details for DOI 10.1364/AO.56.000MI1
View details for Web of Science ID 000398087100021
View details for PubMedID 28375372
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Planar, Ultrathin, Subwavelength Spectral Light Separator for Efficient, Wide-Angle Spectral Imaging
ACS PHOTONICS
2017; 4 (3): 525-535
View details for DOI 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00705
View details for Web of Science ID 000396808000018
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Photonic Structure Textile Design for Localized Thermal Cooling Based on a Fiber Blending Scheme
ACS PHOTONICS
2016; 3 (12): 2420-2426
View details for DOI 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00644
View details for Web of Science ID 000390731700032
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Radiative human body cooling by nanoporous polyethylene textile
SCIENCE
2016; 353 (6303): 1019-1023
Abstract
Thermal management through personal heating and cooling is a strategy by which to expand indoor temperature setpoint range for large energy saving. We show that nanoporous polyethylene (nanoPE) is transparent to mid-infrared human body radiation but opaque to visible light because of the pore size distribution (50 to 1000 nanometers). We processed the material to develop a textile that promotes effective radiative cooling while still having sufficient air permeability, water-wicking rate, and mechanical strength for wearability. We developed a device to simulate skin temperature that shows temperatures 2.7° and 2.0°C lower when covered with nanoPE cloth and with processed nanoPE cloth, respectively, than when covered with cotton. Our processed nanoPE is an effective and scalable textile for personal thermal management.
View details for DOI 10.1126/science.aaf5471
View details for PubMedID 27701110
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Photonic Structure Textile Design for Localized Thermal Management via Radiative Cooling
IEEE. 2016
View details for Web of Science ID 000391286400448
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Integration of optical functionality for image sensing through sub-wavelength geometry design
edited by Dhar, N. K., Dutta, A. K.
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2015
View details for DOI 10.1117/12.2180177
View details for Web of Science ID 000357087300001
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Routing of deep-subwavelength optical beams without reflection and diffraction using infinitely anisotropic metamaterials
edited by Betz, M., Elezzabi, A. Y., Tsen, K. T.
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2015
View details for DOI 10.1117/12.2081040
View details for Web of Science ID 000354276800015
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Complete power concentration into a single waveguide in large-scale waveguide array lenses
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
2014; 4
Abstract
Waveguide array lenses are waveguide arrays that focus light incident on all waveguides at the input side into a small number of waveguides at the output side. Ideal waveguide array lenses provide complete (100%) power concentration of incident light into a single waveguide. While of great interest for several applications, ideal waveguide array lenses have not been demonstrated for practical arrays with large numbers of waveguides. The only waveguide arrays that have sufficient degrees of freedom to allow for the design of an ideal waveguide array lens are those where both the propagation constants of the individual waveguides and the coupling constants between the waveguides vary as a function of space. Here, we use state-of-the-art numerical methods to demonstrate complete power transfer into a single waveguide for waveguide array lenses with large numbers of waveguides. We verify this capability for more than a thousand waveguides using a spatial coupled mode theory. We hereby extend the state-of-art by more than two orders of magnitude. We also demonstrate for the first time a physical design for an ideal waveguide array lens. The design is based on an aperiodic metallic waveguide array and focuses ~100% of the incident light into a deep-subwavelength focal spot.
View details for DOI 10.1038/srep06635
View details for Web of Science ID 000343089300005
View details for PubMedID 25319203
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4198864
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Directional perfect absorption using deep subwavelength low-permittivity films
PHYSICAL REVIEW B
2014; 90 (8)
View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.085411
View details for Web of Science ID 000341164000010
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Spectral light separator based on deep-subwavelength resonant apertures in a metallic film
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
2014; 105 (1)
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.4887059
View details for Web of Science ID 000339664900014
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Large-scale ideal waveguide lenses with complete power concentration in a single waveguide
IEEE. 2014
View details for Web of Science ID 000369908601114
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Broadband Sharp 90-degree Bends and T-Splitters in Plasmonic Coaxial Waveguides.
Nano letters
2013; 13 (10): 4753-4758
Abstract
We demonstrate numerically that sharp 90° bends and T-splitters can be designed in plasmonic coaxial waveguides at deep-subwavelength scale to operate without reflection and radiation over a broad range of wavelengths, including the telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 μm. We explain the principles of the operation using a transmission line model of the waveguide in the quasi-static limit. The compact bends and T-splitters open up a new avenue for the design of densely integrated optical circuits with minimal crosstalk.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nl402335x
View details for PubMedID 23981038
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Wireless power transfer in the presence of metallic plates: Experimental results
AIP ADVANCES
2013; 3 (6)
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.4809665
View details for Web of Science ID 000321144300002
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Pixel scaling in infrared focal plane arrays
APPLIED OPTICS
2013; 52 (7): C72-C77
Abstract
We discuss effects that arise in pixels of IR focal plane arrays (FPAs) when pixel size scales down to approach the wavelength of the incident radiation. To study these effects, we perform first-principles electromagnetic simulations of pixel structures based on a mercury-cadmium-telluride photoconductor for use in FPAs. Specifically, we calculate the pixel quantum efficiency and crosstalk as pixel size scales from 16 μm, which is in the range of current detectors, down to 0.75 μm, corresponding to subwavelength detectors. Our numerical results indicate the possibility of wavelength-size (~4 μm) and even subwavelength-size (~1 μm) pixels for IR FPAs. In addition, we explore opportunities that emerge for controlling light with subwavelength structures inside FPA pixels. As an illustration, we find that the low-pass filtering effect of a metal film aperture can exemplify the impact and the possible role that wavelength-scale optics plays in very small pixels.
View details for DOI 10.1364/AO.52.000C72
View details for Web of Science ID 000315782100011
View details for PubMedID 23458820
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Imaging systems and applications
APPLIED OPTICS
2013; 52 (7): ISA1–ISA3
Abstract
Imaging systems have numerous applications in industrial, military, consumer, and medical settings. Assembling a complete imaging system requires the integration of optics, sensing, image processing, and display rendering. This issue features original research ranging from fundamental theories to novel imaging modalities and provides a systems perspective to imaging.
View details for PubMedID 23458823
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Routing of Deep-Subwavelength Optical Beams and Images without Reflection and Diffraction Using Infinitely Anisotropic Metamaterials
ADVANCED MATERIALS
2013; 25 (2): 194-198
Abstract
Interfaces between media with infinite anisotropy, defined by infinite permittivity or permeability in one direction, offer new opportunities for controlling and manipulating light at the nanoscale. Reflectionless, diffraction-free routing of deep-subwavelength optical beams and images using interfaces between infinitely anisotropic media are demonstrated. It is shown how to achieve extremely large anisotropy using metamaterial designs that can be implemented with existing materials.
View details for DOI 10.1002/adma.201203528
View details for Web of Science ID 000313262300005
View details for PubMedID 23180728
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Plasmonic nano-coaxial waveguides for 90-degree bends and T-splitters
IEEE. 2013
View details for Web of Science ID 000355262505334
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Broadband Sharp 90-degree Bends and T-Splitters in Plasmonic Coaxial Waveguides
Nano Letters
2013; 13 (10): 4753-4758
Abstract
We demonstrate numerically that sharp 90° bends and T-splitters can be designed in plasmonic coaxial waveguides at deep-subwavelength scale to operate without reflection and radiation over a broad range of wavelengths, including the telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 μm. We explain the principles of the operation using a transmission line model of the waveguide in the quasi-static limit. The compact bends and T-splitters open up a new avenue for the design of densely integrated optical circuits with minimal crosstalk.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nl402335x
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From Electromagnetically Induced Transparency to Superscattering with a Single Structure: A Coupled-Mode Theory for Doubly Resonant Structures
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
2012; 108 (8)
Abstract
We observe from simulations that a doubly resonant structure can exhibit spectral behavior analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency, as well as superscattering, depending on the excitation. We develop a coupled-mode theory that explains this behavior in terms of the orthogonality of the radiation patterns of the eigenmodes. These results provide insight in the general electromagnetic properties of photonic nanostructures and metamaterials.
View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.083902
View details for Web of Science ID 000300576000010
View details for PubMedID 22463532
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Digital camera simulation
APPLIED OPTICS
2012; 51 (4): A80-A90
Abstract
We describe a simulation of the complete image processing pipeline of a digital camera, beginning with a radiometric description of the scene captured by the camera and ending with a radiometric description of the image rendered on a display. We show that there is a good correspondence between measured and simulated sensor performance. Through the use of simulation, we can quantify the effects of individual digital camera components on system performance and image quality. This computational approach can be helpful for both camera design and image quality assessment.
View details for Web of Science ID 000300408400010
View details for PubMedID 22307132
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Imaging systems and applications
APPLIED OPTICS
2012; 51 (4): ISA1
Abstract
Imaging systems are used in consumer, medical, and military applications. Designing, developing, and building imaging systems requires a multidisciplinary approach. This issue features current research in imaging systems that ranges from fundamental theories to novel applications. Although the papers collected are diverse, their unique compilation provides a systems perspective to imaging.
View details for DOI 10.1364/AO.51.00ISA1
View details for Web of Science ID 000300408400001
View details for PubMedID 22307134
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Deep sub-wavelength beam propagation, beam manipulation and imaging with extreme anisotropic meta-materials
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
IEEE. 2012
View details for Web of Science ID 000310362403204
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From electromagnetically induced transparency to superscattering with a single structure: A coupled-mode theory for doubly resonant structures
edited by Adibi, A., Lin, S. Y., Scherer, A.
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2012
View details for DOI 10.1117/12.909576
View details for Web of Science ID 000302582400010
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Transverse Electromagnetic Modes in Aperture Waveguides Containing a Metamaterial with Extreme Anisotropy
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
2011; 106 (22)
Abstract
We use metamaterials with extreme anisotropy to solve the fundamental problem of light transport in deep subwavelength apertures. By filling a simply connected aperture with an anisotropic medium, we decouple the cutoff frequency and the group velocity of modes inside apertures. In the limit of extreme anisotropy, all modes become purely transverse electromagnetic modes, free from geometrical dispersion, propagate with a velocity controlled by the transverse permittivity and permeability, and have zero cutoff frequency. We analyze physically realizable cases for a circular aperture and show a metamaterial design using existing materials.
View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.223902
View details for Web of Science ID 000291199000006
View details for PubMedID 21702600
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Temporal Coupled-Mode Theory for Resonant Apertures
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
IEEE. 2011
View details for Web of Science ID 000295612403367
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Transverse electro-magnetic modes in apertures filled with an extreme anisotropic meta-material
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
IEEE. 2011
View details for Web of Science ID 000295612404039
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Temporal coupled-mode theory for resonant apertures
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
2010; 27 (10): 1947-1956
View details for Web of Science ID 000282514500003
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Nanopatterned Metallic Films for Use As Transparent Conductive Electrodes in Optoelectronic Devices
NANO LETTERS
2010; 10 (8): 2944-2949
Abstract
We investigate the use of nanopatterned metallic films as transparent conductive electrodes in optoelectronic devices. We find that the physics of nanopatterned electrodes, which are often optically thin metallic films, differs from that of optically thick metallic films. We analyze the optical properties when performing a geometrical transformation that maintains the electrical properties. For one-dimensional patterns of metallic wires, the analysis favors tall and narrow wires. Our design principles remain valid for oblique incidence and readily carry over to two-dimensional patterns.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nl1011239
View details for Web of Science ID 000280728900035
View details for PubMedID 20698607
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Digital Photography
JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING
2010; 19 (2)
View details for Web of Science ID 000279318500003
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Phase front design with metallic pillar arrays
OPTICS LETTERS
2010; 35 (6): 844-846
Abstract
We demonstrate numerically, using a three-dimensional finite-difference frequency-domain method, the ability to design a phase front using an array of metallic pillars. We show that in such structures, the local phase delay upon transmission can be tuned by local geometry. We apply this knowledge to demonstrate a metallic microlens. The presented design principles apply to a wider range of wavelength-size integrated photonic components.
View details for Web of Science ID 000275827000017
View details for PubMedID 20237618
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Microlens performance limits in sub-2 mu m pixel CMOS image sensors
OPTICS EXPRESS
2010; 18 (6): 5861-5872
Abstract
CMOS image sensors with smaller pixels are expected to enable digital imaging systems with better resolution. When pixel size scales below 2 mum, however, diffraction affects the optical performance of the pixel and its microlens, in particular. We present a first-principles electromagnetic analysis of microlens behavior during the lateral scaling of CMOS image sensor pixels. We establish for a three-metal-layer pixel that diffraction prevents the microlens from acting as a focusing element when pixels become smaller than 1.4 microm. This severely degrades performance for on and off-axis pixels in red, green and blue color channels. We predict that one-metal-layer or backside-illuminated pixels are required to extend the functionality of microlenses beyond the 1.4 microm pixel node.
View details for Web of Science ID 000276002500053
View details for PubMedID 20389603
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Deep-subwavelength focusing and steering of light in an aperiodic metallic waveguide array
Conference on Integrated Optics - Devices, Materials, and Technologies XIV
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2010
View details for DOI 10.1117/12.842692
View details for Web of Science ID 000284398000020
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High-speed Document Sensing and Misprint Detection in Digital Presses
Conference on Sensors, Cameras, and Systems for Industrial/Scientific Applications XI
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2010
View details for DOI 10.1117/12.840325
View details for Web of Science ID 000283486300009
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Optimizing Nano-patterned Metal Films for Use as Transparent Electrodes in Optoelectronic Devices
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS)
IEEE. 2010
View details for Web of Science ID 000290513603066
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Phase Front Design with Metallic Pillar Arrays
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS)
IEEE. 2010
View details for Web of Science ID 000290513603159
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Transparent electrode designs based on optimal nano-patterning of metallic films
Conference on Plasmonics: Metallic Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties VIII
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2010
View details for DOI 10.1117/12.860998
View details for Web of Science ID 000285828300028
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Planar metallic nanoscale slit lenses for angle compensation
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
2009; 95 (7)
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.3211875
View details for Web of Science ID 000269288300012
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Deep-Subwavelength Focusing and Steering of Light in an Aperiodic Metallic Waveguide Array
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
2009; 103 (3)
Abstract
We consider an aperiodic array of coupled metallic waveguides with varying subwavelength widths. For an incident plane wave, we numerically demonstrate that a focus of as small as one-hundredth of a wavelength can be achieved for a focal distance that is much longer than the wavelength. Moreover, the focusing behavior can be controlled by changing either the incident wavelength or the angle of incidence, thus providing the capability of nanoscale beam steering. We show that the behavior of such subwavelength focusing can be understood using Hamiltonian optics.
View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.033902
View details for Web of Science ID 000268088300027
View details for PubMedID 19659280
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Understanding the dispersion of coaxial plasmonic structures through a connection with the planar metal-insulator-metal geometry
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
2009; 94 (23)
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.3148692
View details for Web of Science ID 000266977100011
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Planar Lenses Based on Nanoscale Slit Arrays in a Metallic Film
NANO LETTERS
2009; 9 (1): 235-238
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate planar lenses based on nanoscale slit arrays in a metallic film. Our lens structures consist of optically thick gold films with micron-size arrays of closely spaced, nanoscale slits of varying widths milled using a focused ion beam. We find excellent agreement between electromagnetic simulations of the design and confocal measurements on manufactured structures. We provide guidelines for lens design and show how actual lens behavior deviates from simple theory.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nl802830y
View details for Web of Science ID 000262519100044
View details for PubMedID 19053795
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Simple Analytical Expression for the Dispersion of Plasmonic Structures with Coaxial Geometry
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009)
IEEE. 2009: 1838–1839
View details for Web of Science ID 000274751301244
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Integrated nanophotonics: dynamic optical isolation, and nanoscale far-field focusing in aperiodic plasmonic waveguide array
22nd Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Photonics-Society
IEEE. 2009: 646–647
View details for Web of Science ID 000279577600331
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Optical confinement methods for continued scaling of CMOS image sensor pixels
OPTICS EXPRESS
2008; 16 (25): 20457-20470
Abstract
The pixels that make up CMOS image sensors have steadily decreased in size over the last decade. This scaling has two effects: first, the amount of light incident on each pixel decreases, making optical efficiency, i.e., the collection of each photon, more important. Second, diffraction comes into play when pixel size approaches the wavelength of visible light, resulting in increased spatial optical crosstalk. To address these two effects, we investigate and compare three methods for guiding incident light from the microlens down to the photodiode. Two of these techniques rely on total internal reflection (TIR) at the boundary between dielectric media of different refractive indices, while the third uses reflection at a metal-dielectric interface to confine the light. Simulations are performed using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method on a realistic 1.75-mum pixel model for on-axis as well as angled incidence. We evaluate the optical efficiency and spatial crosstalk performance of these methods compared to a reference pixel and find significant (10%) improvement for the TIR designs with properly chosen parameters and nearly full spatial crosstalk elimination using metal to confine the light. We also show that these improvements are comparable to those achieved by thinning the image sensor stack.
View details for Web of Science ID 000261563100031
View details for PubMedID 19065184
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Curving monolithic silicon for nonplanar focal plane array applications (vol 92, art no 091114, 2008)
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
2008; 92 (16)
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2908876
View details for Web of Science ID 000255456100086
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The optical advantages of curved focal plane arrays
OPTICS EXPRESS
2008; 16 (7): 4965-4971
Abstract
The design of optical systems for digital cameras is complicated by the requirement that the image surface be planar, which results in complex and expensive optics. We analyze a compact optical system with a curved image surface and compare its performance to systems with planarimage surfaces via optics analysis and image system simulation. Our analysis shows that a curved image surface provides a way to lower the number of optical elements, reduce aberrations including astigmatism and coma, and increase off-axis brightness and sharpness. A method to fabricate curved image focal plane arrays using monolithic silicon is demonstrated.
View details for Web of Science ID 000255100400062
View details for PubMedID 18542596
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Curving monolithic silicon for nonplanar focal plane array applications
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
2008; 92 (9)
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2883873
View details for Web of Science ID 000253761500014
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Propagating plasmonic mode in nanoscale apertures and its implications for extraordinary transmission
JOURNAL OF NANOPHOTONICS
2008; 2
View details for DOI 10.1117/1.2890424
View details for Web of Science ID 000262931600013
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Deep-Subwavelength Coaxial Waveguides with a Hollow Core
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008)
IEEE. 2008: 3567–3568
View details for Web of Science ID 000260498401779
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Mitigation of pixel soling effects in CMOS image sensors
Conference on Digital Photography IV
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2008
View details for Web of Science ID 000256378500003
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Plasmonics - Beaming light into the nanoworld
NATURE PHYSICS
2007; 3 (12): 839–40
View details for DOI 10.1038/nphys800
View details for Web of Science ID 000251456900017
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Enlarging the bandwidth of nanoscale propagating plasmonic modes in deep-subwavelength cylindrical holes
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
2007; 91 (18)
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2803849
View details for Web of Science ID 000250643600018
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Near-complete transmission through subwavelength hole arrays in phonon-polaritonic thin films
PHYSICAL REVIEW B
2007; 75 (7)
View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.075422
View details for Web of Science ID 000244533400108
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Phonon polariton reflectance spectra in a silicon carbide membrane hole array
20th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society
IEEE. 2007: 466–467
View details for Web of Science ID 000259345200232
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Extraordinary transmission through a poly-SiC membrane with subwavelength hole arrays
IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics
IEEE. 2007: 157–158
View details for Web of Science ID 000251224200077
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Transmission enhancement and suppression by subwavelength hole arrays in polaritonic films
Conference on Photonic Crystal Materials and Devices VI
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2007
View details for DOI 10.1117/12.702917
View details for Web of Science ID 000246368900003
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Cut-through metal slit array as an anisotropic metamaterial film
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
2006; 12 (6): 1116-1122
View details for DOI 10.1109/JSTQE.2006.879577
View details for Web of Science ID 000243013600007
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Guided modes supported by plasmonic films with a periodic arrangement of subwavelength slits
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
2006; 88 (3)
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2164905
View details for Web of Science ID 000234757100001
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Plasmonic films with a periodic arrangement of sub-wavelength slits
Conference on Photonic Crystal Materials and Devices IV
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2006
View details for DOI 10.1117/12.648510
View details for Web of Science ID 000238247900032
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Optical interaction of space and wavelength in high-resolution digital imagers
Conference on Digital Photography II
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2006
View details for Web of Science ID 000236912000004
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Propagating modes in subwavelength cylindrical holes
49th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication
A V S AMER INST PHYSICS. 2005: 2675–78
View details for DOI 10.1116/1.2130344
View details for Web of Science ID 000234613200077
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Effect of the plasmonic dispersion relation on the transmission properties of subwavelength cylindrical holes
PHYSICAL REVIEW B
2005; 72 (8)
View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.085436
View details for Web of Science ID 000231564600163
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Mechanism for designing metallic metamaterials with a high index of refraction
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
2005; 94 (19)
Abstract
We introduce a mechanism for creating artificial high refractive index metamaterials by exploiting the existence of subwavelength propagating modes in metallic systems. As an example, we investigate analytically and numerically metal films with a periodic arrangement of cut-through slits. Because of the presence of TEM modes in the slits, for TM polarization such a system can be rigorously mapped into a high refractive index dielectric slab when the features are smaller than the wavelength of light. The effective refractive index is entirely controlled by the geometry of the metal films, is positive, frequency independent, and can be made arbitrarily large.
View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.197401
View details for Web of Science ID 000229277000055
View details for PubMedID 16090208
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Nanophotonics: Stopping light, nonreciprocity, and metamaterials
2005 PACIFIC RIM CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS
2005: 612-613
View details for Web of Science ID 000236757900292
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Monolithic integration of electronics and sub-wavelength metal optics in deep submicron CMOS technology
Symposium on Materials, Integration and Technology for Monolithic Instruments held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting
MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY. 2005: 53–64
View details for Web of Science ID 000231500700007
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Sub-wavelength resonances in metal-dielectric-metal plasmonic structures
18th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optical-Society
IEEE. 2005: 520–521
View details for Web of Science ID 000235109700263
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Roadmap for CMOS image sensors: Moore meets Planck and Sommerfeld
Conference on Digital Photography
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2005: 1–13
View details for Web of Science ID 000228691700001
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Geometries and materials for subwavelength surface plasmon modes
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION
2004; 21 (12): 2442-2446
Abstract
Plasmonic waveguides can guide light along metal-dielectric interfaces with propagating wave vectors of greater magnitude than are available in free space and hence with propagating wavelengths shorter than those in vacuum. This is a necessary, rather than sufficient, condition for subwavelength confinement of the optical mode. By use of the reflection pole method, the two-dimensional modal solutions for single planar waveguides as well as adjacent waveguide systems are solved. We demonstrate that, to achieve subwavelength pitches, a metal-insulator-metal geometry is required with higher confinement factors and smaller spatial extent than conventional insulator-metal-insulator structures. The resulting trade-off between propagation and confinement for surface plasmons is discussed, and optimization by materials selection is described.
View details for Web of Science ID 000225378200024
View details for PubMedID 15603083
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One-mode model for patterned metal layers inside integrated color pixels
OPTICS LETTERS
2004; 29 (9): 974-976
Abstract
Optimized design of the optical filters inside integrated color pixels (ICPs) for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor image sensors requires analytical models. ICP optical filters consist of subwavelength patterned metal layers. We show that a one-mode model, in which subwavelength gaps in the metal layer are described in terms of single-mode waveguides, suffices to predict the salient features of measured ICP wavelength selectivity. The Airy-like transmittance formula, derived for transverse-electric polarization, predicts an angle-independent cutoff wavelength, which is in good agreement with predictions made with a two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method.
View details for Web of Science ID 000221016200020
View details for PubMedID 15143645
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Integrated color pixels in 0.18-mu m complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION
2003; 20 (12): 2293-2306
Abstract
Following the trend of increased integration in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors, we have explored the potential of implementing light filters by using patterned metal layers placed on top of each pixel's photodetector. To demonstrate wavelength selectivity, we designed and prototyped integrated color pixels in a standard 0.18-microm CMOS technology. Transmittance of several one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) patterned metal layers was measured under various illumination conditions and found to exhibit wavelength selectivity in the visible range. We performed (a) wave optics simulations to predict the spectral responsivity of an uncovered reference pixel and (b) numerical electromagnetic simulations with a 2D finite-difference time-domain method to predict transmittances through 1D patterned metal layers. We found good agreement in both cases. Finally, we used simulations to predict the transmittance for more elaborate designs.
View details for Web of Science ID 000187024300010
View details for PubMedID 14686508
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Optical efficiency of image sensor pixels
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION
2002; 19 (8): 1610-1620
Abstract
The ability to reproduce a high-quality image depends strongly on the image sensor light sensitivity. This sensitivity depends, in turn, on the materials, the circuitry, and the optical properties of the pixel. We calculate the optical efficiency of a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor pixel by using a geometrical-optics phase-space approach. We compare the theoretical predictions with measurements made by using a CMOS digital pixel sensor, and we find them to be in agreement within 3%. Finally, we show how to use these optical efficiency calculations to trade off image sensor pixel sensitivity and functionality as CMOS process technology scales.
View details for Web of Science ID 000177021500017
View details for PubMedID 12152702
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Image analysis using modulated light sources
Symposium on Sugarcane and Society
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2001: 22–30
View details for Web of Science ID 000170428700003
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How small should pixel size be?
Conference on Sensors and Camera Systems for Scientific, Industrial, and Digital Photography Applications
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2000: 451–459
View details for Web of Science ID 000087919300049
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QE reduction due to pixel vignetting in CMOS image sensors
Conference on Sensors and Camera Systems for Scientific, Industrial, and Digital Photography Applications
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2000: 420–430
View details for Web of Science ID 000087919300046
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Silicon deformable mirrors and CMOS-based wavefront sensors
Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Appliations II
SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2000: 15–25
View details for Web of Science ID 000167103000003
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2389-6044