Contact

  • Academic
    depond1@stanford.edu
    University - Student Department: Mechanical Engineering Position: Graduate

All Publications

  • Melt-Pool Dynamics and Microstructure of Mg Alloy WE43 under Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Conditions CRYSTALS Soderlind, J., Martin, A. A., Calta, N. P., DePond, P. J., Wang, J., Vrancken, B., Schaeublin, R. E., Basu, I., Thampy, V., Fong, A. Y., Kiss, A. M., Berry, J. M., Perron, A., Weker, J., Stone, K. H., Tassone, C. J., Toney, M. F., Van Buuren, A., Loeffler, J. F., Risbud, S. H., Matthews, M. J. 2022; 12 (10)

    View details for DOI 10.3390/cryst12101437

    View details for Web of Science ID 000872404900001

  • A laser powder bed fusion system for operando synchrotron x-ray imaging and correlative diagnostic experiments at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource. The Review of scientific instruments Martin, A. A., Wang, J., DePond, P. J., Strantza, M., Forien, J., Gorgannejad, S., Guss, G. M., Thampy, V., Fong, A. Y., Weker, J. N., Stone, K. H., Tassone, C. J., Matthews, M. J., Calta, N. P. 2022; 93 (4): 043702

    Abstract

    Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a highly dynamic multi-physics process used for the additive manufacturing (AM) of metal components. Improving process understanding and validating predictive computational models require high-fidelity diagnostics capable of capturing data in challenging environments. Synchrotron x-ray techniques play a vital role in the validation process as they are the only in situ diagnostic capable of imaging sub-surface melt pool dynamics and microstructure evolution during LPBF-AM. In this article, a laboratory scale system designed to mimic LPBF process conditions while operating at a synchrotron facility is described. The system is implemented with process accurate atmospheric conditions, including an air knife for active vapor plume removal. Significantly, the chamber also incorporates a diagnostic sensor suite that monitors emitted optical, acoustic, and electronic signals during laser processing with coincident x-ray imaging. The addition of the sensor suite enables validation of these industrially compatible single point sensors by detecting pore formation and spatter events and directly correlating the events with changes in the detected signal. Experiments in the Ti-6Al-4V alloy performed at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource using the system are detailed with sufficient sampling rates to probe melt pool dynamics. X-ray imaging captures melt pool dynamics at frame rates of 20 kHz with a 2 m pixel resolution, and the coincident diagnostic sensor data are recorded at 470 kHz. This work shows that the current system enables the in situ detection of defects during the LPBF process and permits direct correlation of diagnostic signatures at the exact time of defect formation.

    View details for DOI 10.1063/5.0080724

    View details for PubMedID 35489885

  • Nanoparticle-enhanced absorptivity of copper during laser powder bed fusion ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING Tertuliano, O. A., DePond, P. J., Doan, D., Matthews, M. J., Gu, X., Cai, W., Lew, A. J. 2022; 51

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.addma.2021.102562

    View details for Web of Science ID 000752324000003

  • Laser-metal interaction dynamics during additive manufacturing resolved by detection of thermally-induced electron emission COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS DePond, P. J., Fuller, J. C., Khairallah, S. A., Angus, J. R., Guss, G., Matthews, M. J., Martin, A. A. 2020; 1 (1)

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s43246-020-00094-y

    View details for Web of Science ID 000610550100002

  • Subsurface Cooling Rates and Microstructural Response during Laser Based Metal Additive Manufacturing. Scientific reports Thampy, V., Fong, A. Y., Calta, N. P., Wang, J., Martin, A. A., Depond, P. J., Kiss, A. M., Guss, G., Xing, Q., Ott, R. T., van Buuren, A., Toney, M. F., Weker, J. N., Kramer, M. J., Matthews, M. J., Tassone, C. J., Stone, K. H. 2020; 10 (1): 1981

    Abstract

    Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a method of additive manufacturing characterized by the rapid scanning of a high powered laser over a thin bed of metallic powder to create a single layer, which may then be built upon to form larger structures. Much of the melting, resolidification, and subsequent cooling take place at much higher rates and with much higher thermal gradients than in traditional metallurgical processes, with much of this occurring below the surface. We have used in situ high speed X-ray diffraction to extract subsurface cooling rates following resolidification from the melt and above the beta-transus in titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. We observe an inverse relationship with laser power and bulk cooling rates. The measured cooling rates are seen to correlate to the level of residual strain borne by the minority beta-Ti phase with increased strain at slower cooling rates. The alpha-Ti phase shows a lattice contraction which is invariant with cooling rate. We also observe a broadening of the diffraction peaks which is greater for the beta-Ti phase at slower cooling rates and a change in the relative phase fraction following LPBF. These results provide a direct measure of the subsurface thermal history and demonstrate its importance to the ultimate quality of additively manufactured materials.

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-58598-z

    View details for PubMedID 32029753

  • Laser-Induced Keyhole Defect Dynamics during Metal Additive Manufacturing ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS Kiss, A. M., Fong, A. Y., Calta, N. P., Thampy, V., Martin, A. A., Depond, P. J., Wang, J., Matthews, M. J., Ott, R. T., Tassone, C. J., Stone, K. H., Kramer, M. J., van Buuren, A., Toney, M. F., Weker, J. 2019

    View details for DOI 10.1002/adem.201900455

    View details for Web of Science ID 000481336400001

  • An instrument for in situ time-resolved X-ray imaging and diffraction of laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing processes. The Review of scientific instruments Calta, N. P., Wang, J., Kiss, A. M., Martin, A. A., Depond, P. J., Guss, G. M., Thampy, V., Fong, A. Y., Weker, J. N., Stone, K. H., Tassone, C. J., Kramer, M. J., Toney, M. F., Van Buuren, A., Matthews, M. J. 2018; 89 (5): 055101

    Abstract

    In situ X-ray-based measurements of the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing process produce unique data for model validation and improved process understanding. Synchrotron X-ray imaging and diffraction provide high resolution, bulk sensitive information with sufficient sampling rates to probe melt pool dynamics as well as phase and microstructure evolution. Here, we describe a laboratory-scale LPBF test bed designed to accommodate diffraction and imaging experiments at a synchrotron X-ray source during LPBF operation. We also present experimental results using Ti-6Al-4V, a widely used aerospace alloy, as a model system. Both imaging and diffraction experiments were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource. Melt pool dynamics were imaged at frame rates up to 4 kHz with a 1.1 mum effective pixel size and revealed the formation of keyhole pores along the melt track due to vapor recoil forces. Diffraction experiments at sampling rates of 1 kHz captured phase evolution and lattice contraction during the rapid cooling present in LPBF within a 50 * 100 mum area. We also discuss the utility of these measurements for model validation and process improvement.

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.5017236

    View details for PubMedID 29864819