Zhirong Huang

All Publications

• Amazing particles and light INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A Huang, Z. 2026

  View details for DOI 10.1142/S0217751X26490047

  View details for Web of Science ID 001675036700001

• Dynamic motion trajectory control with nanoradian accuracy for multi-element X-ray optical systems via laser interferometry. Light, science & applications Koehlenbeck, S. M., Lee, L., Balcazar, M. D., Chen, Y., Esposito, V., Hastings, J., Hoffmann, M. C., Huang, Z., Ng, M. L., Price, S., Sato, T., Seaberg, M., Sun, Y., White, A., Zhang, L., Lantz, B., Zhu, D. 2025; 14 (1): 129

  Abstract

  The past decades have witnessed the development of new X-ray beam sources with brightness growing at a rate surpassing Moore's law. Current and upcoming diffraction limited and fully coherent X-ray beam sources, including multi-bend achromat based synchrotron sources and high repetition rate X-ray free electron lasers, puts increasingly stringent requirements on stability and accuracy of X-ray optics systems. Parasitic motion errors at sub-micro radian scale in beam transport and beam conditioning optics can lead to significant loss of coherence and brightness delivered from source to experiment. To address this challenge, we incorporated optical metrology based on interferometric length and angle sensing and real-time correction as part of the X-ray optics motion control system. A prototype X-ray optics system was constructed following the optical layout of a tunable X-ray cavity. On-line interferometric metrology enabled dynamical feedback to a motion control system to track and compensate for motion errors. The system achieved sub-microradian scale performance, as multiple optical elements are synchronously and continuously adjusted. This first proof of principle measurement demonstrated both the potential and necessity of incorporating optical metrology as part of the motion control architecture for large scale X-ray optical systems such as monochromators, delay lines, and in particular, X-ray cavity systems to enable the next generation cavity-based X-ray free electron lasers.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41377-025-01774-5

  View details for PubMedID 40108115

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC11923231

• Terawatt-scale attosecond X-ray pulses from a cascaded superradiant free-electron laser NATURE PHOTONICS Franz, P., Li, S., Driver, T., Robles, R. R., Cesar, D., Isele, E., Guo, Z., Wang, J., Duris, J. P., Larsen, K., Glownia, J. M., Cheng, X., Hoffmann, M. C., Li, X., Lin, M., Kamalov, A., Obaid, R., Summers, A., Sudar, N., Thierstein, E., Zhang, Z., Kling, M. F., Huang, Z., Cryan, J. P., Marinelli, A. 2024

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41566-024-01427-w

  View details for Web of Science ID 001220935700001

• Experimental demonstration of attosecond pump-probe spectroscopy with an X-ray free-electron laser NATURE PHOTONICS Guo, Z., Driver, T., Beauvarlet, S., Cesar, D., Duris, J., Franz, P. L., Alexander, O., Bohler, D., Bostedt, C., Averbukh, V., Cheng, X., Dimauro, L. F., Doumy, G., Forbes, R., Gessner, O., Glownia, J. M., Isele, E., Kamalov, A., Larsen, K. A., Li, S., Li, X., Lin, M., Mccracken, G. A., Obaid, R., O'Neal, J. T., Robles, R. R., Rolles, D., Ruberti, M., Rudenko, A., Slaughter, D. S., Sudar, N. S., Thierstein, E., Tuthill, D., Ueda, K., Wang, E., Wang, A. L., Wang, J., Weber, T., Wolf, T. J. A., Young, L., Zhang, Z., Bucksbaum, P. H., Marangos, J. P., Kling, M. F., Huang, Z., Walter, P., Inhester, L., Berrah, N., Cryan, J. P., Marinelli, A. 2024

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41566-024-01419-w

  View details for Web of Science ID 001200371400001

• Microbunch rotation in an x-ray free-electron laser using a first-order achromatic bend PHYSICAL REVIEW ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS Margraf, R. A., Macarthur, J. P., Marcus, G., Nuhn, H., Lutman, A., Halavanau, A., Zhang, Z., Huang, Z. 2024; 27 (3)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.27.030702

  View details for Web of Science ID 001187481200002

• Experimental Plan for Terahertz Transport Using Overmoded Iris-Line Waveguide Othman, M. A. K., Fisher, A. S., Naji, A., Hoffmann, M. C., Huang, Z., IEEE IEEE. 2024

  View details for DOI 10.1109/IRMMW-THz60956.2024.10697605

  View details for Web of Science ID 001334520200081

• Fast modeling of regenerative amplifier free-electron lasers PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH Robles, R. R., Halavanau, A., Marcus, G., Huang, Z. 2023; 5 (4)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.043254

  View details for Web of Science ID 001128791700002

• Low-loss stable storage of 1.2 & ANGS; X-ray pulses in a 14 m Bragg cavity NATURE PHOTONICS Margraf, R., Robles, R., Halavanau, A., Kryzywinski, J., Li, K., MacArthur, J., Osaka, T., Sakdinawat, A., Sato, T., Sun, Y., Tamasaku, K., Huang, Z., Marcus, G., Zhu, D. 2023

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41566-023-01267-0

  View details for Web of Science ID 001048092600001

• Femtosecond-Terawatt Hard X-Ray Pulse Generation with Chirped Pulse Amplification on a Free Electron Laser. Physical review letters Li, H., MacArthur, J., Littleton, S., Dunne, M., Huang, Z., Zhu, D. 2022; 129 (21): 213901

  Abstract

  Advances of high intensity lasers have opened up the field of strong field physics and led to a broad range of technological applications. Recent x-ray laser sources and optics development makes it possible to obtain extremely high intensity and brightness at x-ray wavelengths. In this Letter, we present a system design that implements chirped pulse amplification for hard x-ray free electron lasers. Numerical modeling with realistic experimental parameters shows that near-transform-limit single-femtosecond hard x-ray laser pulses with peak power exceeding 1TW and brightness exceeding 4*10^{35}s^{-1}mm^{-2}mrad^{-2}0.1%bandwdith^{-1} can be consistently generated. Realization of such beam qualities is essential for establishing systematic and quantitative understanding of strong field x-ray physics and nonlinear x-ray optics phenomena.

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.213901

  View details for PubMedID 36461971

• Field analysis for a highly overmoded iris line with application to THz radiation transport PHYSICAL REVIEW ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS Naji, A., Stupakov, G., Huang, Z., Bane, K. 2022; 25 (4)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.25.043501

  View details for Web of Science ID 000789265200002

• Attosecond coherent electron motion in Auger-Meitner decay. Science (New York, N.Y.) Li, S., Driver, T., Rosenberger, P., Champenois, E. G., Duris, J., Al-Haddad, A., Averbukh, V., Barnard, J. C., Berrah, N., Bostedt, C., Bucksbaum, P. H., Coffee, R. N., DiMauro, L. F., Fang, L., Garratt, D., Gatton, A., Guo, Z., Hartmann, G., Haxton, D., Helml, W., Huang, Z., LaForge, A. C., Kamalov, A., Knurr, J., Lin, M., Lutman, A. A., MacArthur, J. P., Marangos, J. P., Nantel, M., Natan, A., Obaid, R., O'Neal, J. T., Shivaram, N. H., Schori, A., Walter, P., Wang, A. L., Wolf, T. J., Zhang, Z., Kling, M. F., Marinelli, A., Cryan, J. P. 1800: eabj2096

  Abstract

  [Figure: see text].

  View details for DOI 10.1126/science.abj2096

  View details for PubMedID 34990213

• Site-specific interrogation of an ionic chiral fragment during photolysis using an X-ray free-electron laser COMMUNICATIONS CHEMISTRY Ilchen, M., Schmidt, P., Novikovskiy, N. M., Hartmann, G., Rupprecht, P., Coffee, R. N., Ehresmann, A., Galler, A., Hartmann, N., Helml, W., Huang, Z., Inhester, L., Lutman, A. A., MacArthur, J. P., Maxwell, T., Meyer, M., Music, V., Nuhn, H., Osipov, T., Ray, D., Wolf, T. J. A., Bari, S., Walter, P., Li, Z., Moeller, S., Knie, A., Demekhin, P. V. 2021; 4 (1)

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s42004-021-00555-6

  View details for Web of Science ID 000685304400002

• Transverse Beam Emittance Measurement by Undulator Radiation Power Noise. Physical review letters Lobach, I., Nagaitsev, S., Lebedev, V., Romanov, A., Stancari, G., Valishev, A., Halavanau, A., Huang, Z., Kim, K. 2021; 126 (13): 134802

  Abstract

  Generally, turn-to-turn power fluctuations of incoherent spontaneous synchrotron radiation in a storage ring depend on the 6D phase-space distribution of the electron bunch. In some cases, if only one parameter of the distribution is unknown, this parameter can be determined from the measured magnitude of these power fluctuations. In this Letter, we report an absolute measurement (no free parameters or calibration) of a small vertical emittance (5-15nm rms) of a flat beam by this method, under conditions, when it is unresolvable by a conventional synchrotron light beam size monitor.

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.134802

  View details for PubMedID 33861120

• Measurements of undulator radiation power noise and comparison with ab initio calculations PHYSICAL REVIEW ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS Lobach, I., Nagaitsev, S., Lebedev, V., Romanov, A., Stancari, G., Valishev, A., Halavanau, A., Huang, Z., Kim, K. 2021; 24 (4)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.040701

  View details for Web of Science ID 000646371100003

• Statistical properties of spontaneous synchrotron radiation with arbitrary degree of coherence PHYSICAL REVIEW ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS Lobach, I., Lebedev, V., Nagaitsev, S., Romanov, A., Stancari, G., Valishev, A., Halavanau, A., Huang, Z., Kim, K. 2020; 23 (9)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevAccelBearns.23.090703

  View details for Web of Science ID 000579853100001

• Laguerre-Gaussian Mode Laser Heater for Microbunching Instability Suppression in Free-Electron Lasers. Physical review letters Tang, J., Lemons, R., Liu, W., Vetter, S., Maxwell, T., Decker, F. J., Lutman, A., Krzywinski, J., Marcus, G., Moeller, S., Huang, Z., Ratner, D., Carbajo, S. 2020; 124 (13): 134801

  Abstract

  Microbunching instability (MBI) driven by beam collective effects is known to be detrimental to high-brightness storage rings, linacs, and free-electron lasers (FELs). One known way to suppress this instability is to induce a small amount of energy spread to an electron beam by a laser heater. The distribution of the induced energy spread greatly affects MBI suppression and can be controlled by shaping the transverse profile of the heater laser. Here, we present the first experimental demonstration of effective MBI suppression using a LG_{01} transverse laser mode and compare the improved results with respect to traditional Gaussian transverse laser mode at the Linac Coherent Light Source. The effects on MBI suppression are characterized by multiple downstream measurements, including longitudinal phase space analysis and coherent radiation spectroscopy. We also discuss the role of LG_{01} shaping in soft x-ray self-seeded FEL emission, one of the most advanced operation modes of a FEL for which controlled suppression of MBI is critical.

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.134801

  View details for PubMedID 32302180

• Laguerre-Gaussian Mode Laser Heater for Microbunching Instability Suppression in Free-Electron Lasers PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Tang, J., Liu, W., Lemons, R., Vetter, S., Maxwell, T., Decker, F., Lutman, A., Krzywinski, J., Marcus, G., Moeller, S., Ratner, D., Huang, Z., Carbajo, S. 2020; 124 (13)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.134801

  View details for Web of Science ID 000522196500005

• Simulation analysis and optimization of fresh-slice multistage free-electron lasers PHYSICAL REVIEW ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS Guo, T., Guetg, M. W., Ding, Y., Marinelli, A., Wu, J., Huang, Z., Lutman, A. A. 2020; 23 (3)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.031304

  View details for Web of Science ID 000519997600001

• Tunable isolated attosecond X-ray pulses with gigawatt peak power from a free-electron laser NATURE PHOTONICS Duris, J., Li, S., Driver, T., Champenois, E. G., MacArthur, J. P., Lutman, A. A., Zhang, Z., Rosenberger, P., Aldrich, J. W., Coffee, R., Coslovich, G., Decker, F., Glownia, J. M., Hartmann, G., Helml, W., Kamalov, A., Knurr, J., Krzywinski, J., Lin, M., Nantel, M., Natan, A., O'Neal, J., Shivaram, N., Walter, P., Wang, A., Welch, J. J., Wolf, T. J. A., Xu, J. Z., Kling, M. F., Bucksbaum, P. H., Zholents, A., Huang, Z., Cryan, J. P., Marinelli, A., Marangos, J. P. 2020; 14 (1): 30-+

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41566-019-0549-5

  View details for Web of Science ID 000504727600007

• Attosecond transient absorption spooktroscopy: a ghost imaging approach to ultrafast absorption spectroscopy. Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP Driver, T., Li, S., Champenois, E. G., Duris, J., Ratner, D., Lane, T. J., Rosenberger, P., Al-Haddad, A., Averbukh, V., Barnard, T., Berrah, N., Bostedt, C., Bucksbaum, P. H., Coffee, R., DiMauro, L. F., Fang, L., Garratt, D., Gatton, A., Guo, Z., Hartmann, G., Haxton, D., Helml, W., Huang, Z., LaForge, A., Kamalov, A., Kling, M. F., Knurr, J., Lin, M., Lutman, A. A., MacArthur, J. P., Marangos, J. P., Nantel, M., Natan, A., Obaid, R., O'Neal, J. T., Shivaram, N. H., Schori, A., Walter, P., Li Wang, A., Wolf, T. J., Marinelli, A., Cryan, J. P. 2019

  Abstract

  The recent demonstration of isolated attosecond pulses from an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) opens the possibility for probing ultrafast electron dynamics at X-ray wavelengths. An established experimental method for probing ultrafast dynamics is X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy, where the X-ray absorption spectrum is measured by scanning the central photon energy and recording the resultant photoproducts. The spectral bandwidth inherent to attosecond pulses is wide compared to the resonant features typically probed, which generally precludes the application of this technique in the attosecond regime. In this paper we propose and demonstrate a new technique to conduct transient absorption spectroscopy with broad bandwidth attosecond pulses with the aid of ghost imaging, recovering sub-bandwidth resolution in photoproduct-based absorption measurements.

  View details for DOI 10.1039/c9cp03951a

  View details for PubMedID 31793561

• Phase-Stable Self-Modulation of an Electron Beam in a Magnetic Wiggler. Physical review letters MacArthur, J. P., Duris, J., Zhang, Z., Lutman, A., Zholents, A., Xu, X., Huang, Z., Marinelli, A. 2019; 123 (21): 214801

  Abstract

  Electron beams with a sinusoidal energy modulation have the potential to emit subfemtosecond x-ray pulses in a free-electron laser. An energy modulation can be generated by overlapping a powerful infrared laser with an electron beam in a magnetic wiggler. We report on a new infrared source for this modulation, coherent radiation from the electron beam itself. In this self-modulation process, the current spike on the tail of the electron beam radiates coherently at the resonant wavelength of the wiggler, producing a six-period carrier-envelope-phase (CEP)-stable infrared field with gigawatt power. This field creates a few MeV, phase-stable modulation in the electron-beam core. The modulated electron beam is immediately useful for generating subfemtosecond x-ray pulses at any machine repetition rate, and the CEP-stable infrared field may find application as an experimental pump or timing diagnostic.

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.214801

  View details for PubMedID 31809147

• Phase-Stable Self-Modulation of an Electron Beam in a Magnetic Wiggler PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS MacArthur, J. P., Duris, J., Zhang, Z., Lutman, A., Zholents, A., Xu, X., Huang, Z., Marinelli, A. 2019; 123 (21)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.214801

  View details for Web of Science ID 000498063400006

• Generation and Characterization of Attosecond Pulses from an X-ray Free-electron Laser Li, S., Rosenberger, P., Champenois, E. G., Driver, T., Bucksbaum, P. H., Coffee, R., Gatton, A., Hartmann, G., Helml, W., Huang, Z., Knurr, J., Kling, M. F., Lin, M., MacArthur, J. P., Maxwell, T. J., Nantel, M., Natan, A., Oneal, J. T., Shivaram, N. H., Walter, P., Wolf, T. J. A., Cryan, J. P., Marinelli, A., IEEE IEEE. 2019

  View details for Web of Science ID 000482226301273

• Laguerre-Gaussian Mode Laser Heater for Microbunching Instability Suppression in Free Electron Lasers Tang, J., Liu, W., Lemons, R., Vetter, S., Maxwell, T., Decker, F., Lutman, A., Krzywinski, J., Marcus, G., Moeller, S., Ratner, D., Huang, Z., Carbajo, S., IEEE IEEE. 2019

  View details for Web of Science ID 000482226300159

• Microbunch Rotation and Coherent Undulator Radiation from a Kicked Electron Beam PHYSICAL REVIEW X MacArthur, J. P., Lutman, A. A., Krzywinski, J., Huang, Z. 2018; 8 (4)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevX.8.041036

  View details for Web of Science ID 000451580200001

• Laguerre-Gaussian and beamlet array as second generation laser heater profiles PHYSICAL REVIEW ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS Liebster, N., Tang, J., Ratner, D., Liu, W., Vetter, S., Huang, Z., Carbajo, S. 2018; 21 (9)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.21.090701

  View details for Web of Science ID 000444589700001

• Characterizing isolated attosecond pulses with angular streaking OPTICS EXPRESS Li, S., Guo, Z., Coffee, R. N., Hegazy, K., Huang, Z., Natan, A., Osipov, T., Ray, D., Marinelli, A., Cryan, J. P. 2018; 26 (4): 4531–47

  Abstract

  We present a reconstruction algorithm for isolated attosecond pulses, which exploits the phase dependent energy modulation of a photoelectron ionized in the presence of a strong laser field. The energy modulation due to a circularly polarized laser field is manifest strongly in the angle-resolved photoelectron momentum distribution, allowing for complete reconstruction of the temporal and spectral profile of an attosecond burst. We show that this type of reconstruction algorithm is robust against counting noise and suitable for single-shot experiments. This algorithm holds potential for a variety of applications for attosecond pulse sources.

  View details for DOI 10.1364/OE.26.004531

  View details for Web of Science ID 000426268500073

  View details for PubMedID 29475303

• Fresh-slice multicolour X-ray free-electron lasers NATURE PHOTONICS Lutman, A. A., Maxwell, T. J., MacArthur, J. P., Guetg, M. W., Berrah, N., Coffee, R. N., Ding, Y., Huang, Z., Marinelli, A., Moeller, S., Zemella, J. C. 2016; 10 (11): 745-750

  View details for DOI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2016.201

  View details for Web of Science ID 000387393400016

• Polarization control in an X-ray free-electron laser NATURE PHOTONICS Lutman, A. A., MacArthur, J. P., Ilchen, M., Lindahl, A. O., Buck, J., Coffee, R. N., Dakovski, G. L., Dammann, L., Ding, Y., Durr, H. A., Glaser, L., Grunert, J., Hartmann, G., Hartmann, N., Higley, D., Hirsch, K., Levashov, Y. I., Marinelli, A., Maxwell, T., Mitra, A., Moeller, S., Osipov, T., Peters, F., Planas, M., Shevchuk, I., Schlotter, W. F., Scholz, F., Seltmann, J., Viefhaus, J., Walter, P., Wolf, Z. R., Huang, Z., Nuhn, H. 2016; 10 (7): 468-472

  View details for DOI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2016.79

  View details for Web of Science ID 000378839600013

• Linac Coherent Light Source: The first five years REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS Bostedt, C., Boutet, S., Fritz, D. M., Huang, Z., Lee, H. J., Lemke, H. T., Robert, A., Schlotter, W. F., Turner, J. J., Williams, G. J. 2016; 88 (1)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/RevModPhys.88.015007

  View details for Web of Science ID 000371723300002

• Analysis of shot noise suppression for electron beams PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS Ratner, D., Huang, Z., Stupakov, G. 2011; 14 (6)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.14.060710

  View details for Web of Science ID 000292041200002

• Two-chicane compressed harmonic generation of soft x rays PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS Ratner, D., Chao, A., Huang, Z. 2011; 14 (2)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.14.020701

  View details for Web of Science ID 000287036500001

• Analysis of slice transverse emittance evolution in a photocathode RF gun International Workshop on Frontiers in FEL Physics and Related Topics Huang, Z., Ding, Y., Qiang, J. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2008: 148–51

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.04.076

  View details for Web of Science ID 000258521500035

• Analytical analysis of longitudinal space charge effects for a bunched beam with radial dependence PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS Wu, J., Huang, Z., Emma, P. 2008; 11 (4)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.040701

  View details for Web of Science ID 000256587600002

• Statistical analysis of crossed undulator for polarization control in a self-amplified spontaneous emission free electron laser PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS Ding, Y., Huang, Z. 2008; 11 (3)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.030702

  View details for Web of Science ID 000254902400003

• Review of x-ray free-electron laser theory PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS Huang, Z., Kim, K. 2007; 10 (3)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.034801

  View details for Web of Science ID 000245810500017

• Optical klystron enhancement to self-amplified spontaneous emission free electron lasers PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS Ding, Y., Emma, P., Huang, Z., Kumar, V. 2006; 9 (7)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.070702

  View details for Web of Science ID 000240781800004

• Fully coherent x-ray pulses from a regenerative-amplifier free-electron laser PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Huang, Z. R., Ruth, R. D. 2006; 96 (14)

  Abstract

  We propose and analyze a regenerative-amplifier free-electron laser (FEL) to produce fully coherent, hard x-ray pulses. The method makes use of narrow-bandwidth Bragg crystals to form an x-ray feedback loop around a relatively short undulator. Self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) from the leading electron bunch in a bunch train is spectrally filtered by the Bragg reflectors and is brought back to the beginning of the undulator to interact repeatedly with subsequent bunches in the bunch train. The FEL interaction with these short bunches regeneratively amplifies the radiation intensity and broadens its spectrum, allowing for effective transmission of the x rays outside the crystal bandwidth. The spectral brightness of these x-ray pulses is about 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than that from a single-pass SASE FEL.

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.144801

  View details for PubMedID 16712082

• RADIATION REACTION IN A CONTINUOUS FOCUSING CHANNEL PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Huang, Z., Chen, P., Ruth, R. D. 1995; 74 (10): 1759-1762

  View details for Web of Science ID A1995QK07500016