Brandon James Herrington

All Publications

• Vancomycin Antibiotic Prophylaxis Compared to Cefazolin Increases Risk of Surgical Site Infection Following Spine Surgery GLOBAL SPINE JOURNAL Herrington, B. J., Urquhart, J. C., Rasoulinejad, P., Siddiqi, F., Gurr, K., Bailey, C. S. 2026; 16 (1): 230-239

  Abstract

  Study DesignRetrospective analysis of randomized controlled trial.ObjectivesSurgical site infection (SSI) after spine surgery has severe negative health and financial consequences. Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is a routinely used method to prevent SSIs in the spine patient population. The most commonly used antibiotic is cefazolin, with vancomycin often being substituted in the case of penicillin or cephalosporin allergy. Vancomycin as SAP has been associated with increased SSI in the joint replacement literature, but this is not yet well defined in the spinal surgery population. The purpose of this study was to determine whether vancomycin SAP compared to cefazolin SAP is associated with increased risk of SSI.Methods535 patients, aged 16 years or older, underwent elective multi-level open posterior spinal fusion surgery at the thoracic, thoracolumbar, or lumbar levels. Demographic and operative characteristics as well as post-operative outcomes were compared between the following groups: (1) noninfected-cefazolin, (2) noninfected-vancomycin, (3) infected-cefazolin, and (4) infected-vancomycin. Primary outcomes were superficial and complicated (deep and organ/space) infections.ResultsThe following risk factors for SSI were identified in a logistic regression analysis: vancomycin (OR 2.498, 95% CI, 1.085-5.73, P = 0.031), increasing operating time (OR 1.006, 95% CI, 1.001-1.010 P = 0.010), weight (OR 1.020, 95% CI 1.006-1.034, P = 0.005), revision procedure (OR 2.343, 95% CI 1.283-4.277, P = 0.006), and depression (OR 2.366, 95% CI 1.284-4.360, P = 0.006).ConclusionsIn open posterior approach spinal fusion surgery, vancomycin SAP is associated with increased risk of infection compared to cefazolin SAP.

  View details for DOI 10.1177/21925682251341833

  View details for Web of Science ID 001483488900001

  View details for PubMedID 40336255

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC12061899

• Canadian Spine Society: 24th Annual Scientific Conference, Wednesday, February 28 - Saturday, March 2, Fairmont Chateau Whistler, Whistler, B.C., Canada. Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie Dionne, A., Al-Zakri, M., Labelle, H., Joncas, J., Parent, S., Mac-Thiong, J. M., Miyanji, F., Lonner, B., Eren, A., Cahill, P., Parent, S., Newton, P., Dermott, J. A., Jaakkimainen, L., To, T., Bouchard, M., Howard, A., Lebel, D. E., Hardy, S., Malhotra, A. K., Dermott, J., Thevarajah, D., Mathias, K. D., Yoon, S., Sakhrekar, R., Lebel, D. E., Kim, D. J., Hadi, A., Doria, A., Mitani, A., Dermott, J., Howard, A., Lebel, D., Yoon, S., Mathias, K., Dermott, J., Lebel, D., Miyanji, F., Newton, P., Lonner, B., Bastrom, T., Samdani, A., Roy-Beaudry, M., Beauséjour, M., Imbeault, R., Dufresne, J., Parent, S., Romeo, J., Livock, H., Smit, K., Jarvis, J., Tice, A., Chan, V. K., Cho, R., Poon, S., Skaggs, D. L., Shumilak, G. K., Rocos, B., Sardi, J. P., Charalampidis, A., Gum, J., Lewis, S. J., Tretiakov, P. S., Onafowokan, O., Mir, J., Das, A., Williamson, T., Dave, P., Imbo, B., Lebovic, J., Jankowski, P., Passias, P. G., Lewis, S., Aljamaan, Y., Lenke, L. G., Smith, J., Varshney, V. P., Sahjpaul, R., Paquette, S., Osborn, J., Pelletier-Roy, R., Asmussen, M., Birk, M., Ludwig, T., Nicholls, F., Zohar, A., Loomans, J., Pellise, F., Smith, J. S., Kato, S., Sardar, Z., Lenke, L., Lewis, S. J., Abbas, A., Toor, J., Sahi, G., Kovacevic, D., Lex, J., Miyanji, F., Rampersaud, R., Perruccio, A. V., Mahomed, N., Canizares, M., Rizkallah, M., Lebreton, M. A., Boubez, G., Shen, J., AlShakfa, F., Kamel, Y., Osman, G., Wang, Z., Koegl, N., Herrington, B., Fernandes, R. R., Urquhart, J. C., Rampersaud, Y. R., Bailey, C. S., Hakimjavadi, R., Zhang, T., DeVries, Z., Wai, E. K., Kingwell, S. P., Stratton, A., Tsai, E., Wang, Z., Phan, P., Rampersaud, R., Fine, N., Stone, L., Kapoor, M., Chênevert, A., Bédard, S., McIntosh, G., Goulet, J., Couture, J., Investigators, C., LaRue, B., Rosenstein, B., Rye, M., Roussac, A., Naghdi, N., Macedo, L. G., Elliott, J., DeMont, R., Weber, M. H., Pepin, V., Dover, G., Fortin, M., Wang, Z., Rizkallah, M., Shen, J., Lebreton, M. A., Florial, E., AlShakfa, F., Boubez, G., Raj, A., Amin, P., McIntosh, G., Rampersaud, Y. R., AlDuwaisan, A. A., Hakimjavadi, R., Zhang, T., Phan, K., Stratton, A., Tsai, E., Kingwell, S., Wai, E., Phan, P., Hebert, J., Nowell, S., Wedderkopp, N., Vandewint, A., Manson, N., Abraham, E., Small, C., Attabib, N., Bigney, E., Koegl, N., Craig, M., Al-Shawwa, A., Ost, K., Tripathy, S., Evaniew, N., Jacobs, B., Cadotte, D., Malhotra, A. K., Evaniew, N., Dea, N., Investigators, C., McIntosh, G., Wilson, J. R., Evaniew, N., Bailey, C. S., Rampersaud, Y. R., Jacobs, W. B., Phan, P. P., Nataraj, A., Cadotte, D. W., Weber, M. H., Thomas, K. C., Manson, N., Attabib, N., Paquet, J., Christie, S. D., Wilson, J. R., Hall, H., Fisher, C. G., McIntosh, G., Dea, N., Liu, E. Y., Persad, A. R., Baron, N., Fourney, D., Shakil, H., Investigators, C., Evaniew, N., Wilson, J. R., Dea, N., Phan, P., Huang, J., Fallah, N., Dandurand, C., Alfawaz, T., Zhang, T., Stratton, A., Tsai, E., Wai, E., Kingwell, S., Wang, Z., Phan, P., Investigators, C., Zaldivar-Jolissaint, J. F., Charest-Morin, R., McIntosh, G., Fehlings, M. G., Pedro, K. M., Alvi, M. A., Wang, J. C., Charest-Morin, R., Dea, N., Fisher, C., Dvorak, M., Kwon, B., Ailon, T., Paquette, S., Street, J., Dandurand, C., Mumtaz, R., Skaik, K., Wai, E. K., Kingwell, S., Stratton, A., Tsai, E., Phan, P. T., Wang, Z., Investigators, C., Manoharan, R., McIntosh, G., Rampersaud, Y. R., Smith-Forrester, J., Douglas, J. E., Nemeth, E., Alant, J., Barry, S., Glennie, A., Oxner, W., Weise, L., Christie, S., Liu, E. Y., Persad, A. R., Saeed, S., Toyota, P., Su, J., Newton, B., Coote, N., Fourney, D., Rachevits, M. S., Razmjou, H., Robarts, S., Yee, A., Finkelstein, J., Almojuela, A., Zeiler, F., Logsetty, S., Dhaliwal, P., Abdelnour, M., Zhang, Y., Wai, E., Kingwell, S. P., Stratton, A., Tsai, E., Phan, P. T., Investigators, C., Smith, T. A., Small, C., Bigney, E., Richardson, E., Kearney, J., Manson, N., Abraham, E., Attabib, N., Bond, M., Dombrowski, S., Price, G., García-Moreno, J. M., Hebert, J., Qiu, S., Surendran, V., Cheung, V. S., Ngana, S., Qureshi, M. A., Sharma, S. V., Pahuta, M., Guha, D., Essa, A., Shakil, H., Malhotra, A., Byrne, J., Badhiwala, J., Yuan, E., He, Y., Jack, A., Mathieu, F., Wilson, J. R., Witiw, C. D., Shakil, H., Malhotra, A. K., Yuan, E., Smith, C. W., Harrington, E. M., Jaffe, R. H., Wang, A. P., Ladha, K., Nathens, A. B., Wilson, J. R., Witiw, C. D., Sandarage, R. V., Galuta, A., Tsai, E. C., Rotem-Kohavi, N., Dvorak, M. F., Xu, J., Fallah, N., Waheed, Z., Chen, M., Dea, N., Evaniew, N., Noonan, V., Kwon, B., Kwon, B. K., Malomo, T., Charest-Morin, R., Paquette, S., Ailon, T., Dandurand, C., Street, J., Fisher, C. G., Dea, N., Heran, M., Dvorak, M., Jaffe, R., Coyte, P., Chan, B., Malhotra, A., Hancock-Howard, R., Wilson, J., Witiw, C., Cho, N., Squair, J., Aureli, V., James, N., Bole-Feysot, L., Dewany, I., Hankov, N., Baud, L., Leonhartsberger, A., Sveistyte, K., Skinnider, M., Gautier, M., Galan, K., Goubran, M., Ravier, J., Merlos, F., Batti, L., Pagès, S., Bérard, N., Intering, N., Varescon, C., Carda, S., Bartholdi, K., Hutson, T., Kathe, C., Hodara, M., Anderson, M., Draganski, B., Demesmaeker, R., Asboth, L., Barraud, Q., Bloch, J., Courtine, G., Christie, S. D., Greene, R., Nadi, M., Alant, J., Barry, S., Glennie, A., Oxner, B., Weise, L., Julien, L., Lownie, C., Dvorak, M. F., Öner, C. F., Dandurand, C., Joeris, A., Schnake, K., Phillips, M., Vaccaro, A. R., Bransford, R., Popescu, E. C., El-Sharkawi, M., Rajasekaran, S., Benneker, L. M., Schroeder, G. D., Tee, J. W., France, J., Paquet, J., Allen, R., Lavelle, W. F., Vialle, E., Dea, N., Dionne, A., Magnuson, D., Richard-Denis, A., Petit, Y., Bernard, F., Barthélémy, D., Mac-Thiong, J. M., Grassner, L., Garcia-Ovejero, D., Beyerer, E., Mach, O., Leister, I., Maier, D., Aigner, L., Arevalo-Martin, A., MacLean, M. A., Charles, A., Georgiopoulos, M., Charest-Morin, R., Goodwin, R., Weber, M., Brouillard, E., Richard-Denis, A., Dionne, A., Laassassy, I., Khoueir, P., Bourassa-Moreau, É., Maurais, G., Mac-Thiong, J. M., Zaldivar-Jolissaint, J. F., Dea, N., Brown, A. A., So, K., Manouchehri, N., Webster, M., Ethridge, J., Warner, A., Billingsley, A., Newsome, R., Bale, K., Yung, A., Seneviratne, M., Cheng, J., Wang, J., Basnayake, S., Streijger, F., Heran, M., Kozlowski, P., Kwon, B. K., Golan, J. D., Elkaim, L. M., Alrashidi, Q., Georgiopoulos, M., Lasry, O. J., Bednar, D. A., Love, A., Nedaie, S., Gandhi, P., Amin, P. C., Raj, A., McIntosh, G., Neilsen, C. J., Swamy, G., Rampersaud, R., Vandewint, A., Rampersaud, Y. R., Hebert, J., Bigney, E., Manson, N., Attabib, N., Small, C., Richardson, E., Kearney, J., Abraham, E., Rampersaud, R., Raj, A., Marathe, N., McIntosh, G., Dhiman, M., Bader, T. J., Hart, D., Swamy, G., Duncan, N., Dhiman, M., Bader, T. J., Ponjevic, D., Matyas, J. R., Hart, D., Swamy, G., Duncan, N., O'Brien, C. P., Hebert, J., Bigney, E., Kearney, J., Richardson, E., Abraham, E., Manson, N., Attabib, N., Small, C., LaRochelle, L., Rivas, G., Lawrence, J., Ravinsky, R., Kim, D., Dermott, J., Mitani, A., Doria, A., Howard, A., Lebel, D., Dermott, J. A., Switzer, L. S., Kim, D. J., Lebel, D. E., Montpetit, C., Vaillancourt, N., Rosenstein, B., Fortin, M., Nadler, E., Dermott, J., Kim, D., Lebel, D. E., Wolfe, D., Rosenstein, B., Fortin, M., Wolfe, D., Dover, G., Boily, M., Fortin, M., Shakil, H., Malhotra, A. K., Badhiwala, J. H., Karthikeyan, V., He, Y., Fehlings, M. G., Sahgal, A., Dea, N., Kiss, A., Witiw, C. D., Redelmeier, D. R., Wilson, J. R., Caceres, M. P., Freire, V., Shen, J., Al-Shakfa, F., Ahmed, O., Wang, Z., Kwan, W. C., Zuckerman, S. L., Fisher, C. G., Laufer, I., Chou, D., O'Toole, J. E., Schultheiss, M., Weber, M. H., Sciubba, D. M., Pahuta, M., Shin, J. H., Fehlings, M. G., Versteeg, A., Goodwin, M. L., Boriani, S., Bettegowda, C., Lazary, A., Gasbarrini, A., Reynolds, J. J., Verlaan, J. J., Sahgal, A., Gokaslan, Z. L., Rhines, L. D., Dea, N., Truong, V. T., Dang, T. K., Osman, G., Al-Shakfa, F., Boule, D., Shen, J., Wang, Z., Rizkallah, M., Boubez, G., Shen, J., Phan, P., Alshakfa, F., Boule, D., Belguendouz, C., Kafi, R., Yuh, S. J., Shedid, D., Wang, Z., Wang, Z., Shen, J., Boubez, G., Alshakfa, F., Boulé, D., Belguendouz, C., Kafi, R., Phan, P., Shedid, D., Yuh, S. J., Rizkallah, M., Silva, Y. G., Weber, L., Leão, F., Essa, A., Malhotra, A. K., Shakil, H., Byrne, J., Badhiwala, J., Nathens, A. B., Azad, T. D., Yuan, E., He, Y., Jack, A. S., Mathieu, F., Wilson, J. R., Witiw, C. D., Craig, M., Guenther, N., Valosek, J., Bouthillier, M., Enamundram, N. K., Rotem-Kohavi, N., Humphreys, S., Christie, S., Fehlings, M., Kwon, B., Mac-Thiong, J. M., Phan, P., Paquet, J., Guay-Paquet, M., Cohen-Adad, J., Cadotte, D., Dionne, A., Mac-Thiong, J. M., Hong, H., Kurban, D., Xu, J., Barthélémy, D., Christie, S., Fourney, D., Linassi, G., Sanchez, A. L., Paquet, J., Sreenivasan, V., Townson, A., Tsai, E. C., Richard-Denis, A., Kwan, W. C., Laghaei, P., Kahlon, H., Ailon, T., Charest-Morin, R., Dandurand, C., Paquette, S., Dea, N., Street, J., Fisher, C. G., Dvorak, M. F., Kwon, B. K., Thibault, J., Dionne, A., Al-Sofyani, M., Pelletier-Roy, R., Richard-Denis, A., Bourassa-Moreau, É., Mac-Thiong, J. M., Bouthillier, M., Valošek, J., Enamundram, N. K., Guay-Paquet, M., Guenther, N., Rotem-Kohavi, N., Humphreys, S., Christie, S., Fehlings, M., Kwon, B. K., Mac-Thiong, J. M., Phan, P., Cadotte, D., Cohen-Adad, J., Reda, L., Kennedy, C., Stefaniuk, S., Eftekhar, P., Robinson, L., Craven, C., Dengler, J., Kennedy, C., Reda, L., Stefaniuk, S., Eftekhar, P., Robinson, L., Craven, C., Dengler, J., Roukerd, M. R., Patel, M., Tsai, E., Galuta, A., Jagadeesan, S., Sandarage, R. V., Phan, P., Michalowski, W., Van Woensel, W., Vig, K., Kazley, J., Arain, A., Rivas, G., Ravinsky, R., Lawrence, J., Gupta, S., Patel, J., Turkstra, I., Pustovetov, K., Yang, V., Jacobs, W. B., Mariscal, G., Witiw, C. D., Harrop, J. S., Essa, A., Witiw, C. D., Mariscal, G., Jacobs, W. B., Harrop, J. S., Essa, A., Du, J. T., Cherry, A., Kumar, R., Jaber, N., Fehlings, M., Yee, A., Dukkipati, S. T., Driscoll, M., Byers, E., Brown, J. L., Gallagher, M., Sugar, J., Rockall, S., Hektner, J., Donia, S., Chernesky, J., Noonan, V. K., Varga, A. A., Slomp, F., Thiessen, E., Lastivnyak, N., Maclean, L. S., Ritchie, V., Hockley, A., Weise, L. M., Potvin, C., Flynn, P., Christie, S., Turkstra, I., Oppermann, B., Oppermann, M., Gupta, S., Patel, J., Pustovetov, K., Lee, K., Chen, C., Rastgarjazi, M., Yang, V., Hardy, S., Strantzas, S., Anthony, A., Dermott, J., Vandenberk, M., Hassan, S., Lebel, D., Silva, Y. G., LaRue, B., Couture, J., Pimenta, N., Blanchard, J., Chenevert, A., Goulet, J., Greene, R., Christie, S. D., Hall, A., Etchegary, H., Althagafi, A., Han, J., Greene, R., Christie, S., Pickett, G., Witiw, C., Harrop, J., Jacobs, W. B., Mariscal, G., Essa, A., Jacobs, W. B., Mariscal, G., Witiw, C., Harrop, J. S., Essa, A., Lasswell, T., Rasoulinejad, P., Hu, R., Bailey, C., Siddiqi, F., Hamdoon, A., Soliman, M. A., Maraj, J., Jhawar, D., Jhawar, B., Schuler, K. A., Orosz, L. D., Yamout, T., Allen, B. J., Lerebo, W. T., Roy, R. T., Schuler, T. C., Good, C. R., Haines, C. M., Jazini, E., Ost, K. J., Al-Shawwa, A., Anderson, D., Evaniew, N., Jacobs, B. W., Lewkonia, P., Nicholls, F., Salo, P. T., Thomas, K. C., Yang, M., Cadotte, D., Sarraj, M., Rajapaksege, N., Dea, N., Evaniew, N., McIntosh, G., Pahuta, M., Alharbi, H. N., Skaik, K., Wai, E. K., Kingwell, S., Stratton, A., Tsai, E., Phan, P. T., Wang, Z., Investigators, C., Zaldivar-Jolissaint, J. F., Gustafson, S., Polyzois, I., Gascoyne, T., Goytan, M., Bednar, D. A., Sarra, M., Rocos, B., Sardi, J. P., Charalampidis, A., Gum, J., Lewis, S. J., Ghag, R., Kirk, S., Shirley, O., Bone, J., Morrison, A., Miyanji, F., Parekh, A., Sanders, E., Birk, M., Nicholls, F., Smit, K., Livock, H., Romeo, J., Jarvis, J., Tice, A., Frank, S., Labelle, H., Parent, S., Barchi, S., Joncas, J., Mac-Thiong, J. M., Thibault, J., Joncas, J., Barchi, S., Parent, S., Beausejour, M., Mac-Thiong, J. M., Dionne, A., Mac-Thiong, J. M., Parent, S., Shen, J., Joncas, J., Barchi, S., Labelle, H., Birk, M. S., Nicholls, F., Pelletier-Roy, R., Sanders, E., Lewis, S., Aljamaan, Y., Lenke, L. G., Smith, J., Sardar, Z., Mullaj, E., Lebel, D., Dermott, J., Bath, N., Mathias, K., Kattail, D., Zohar, A., Loomans, J., Pellise, F., Smith, J. S., Kato, S., Sardar, Z., Lenke, L., Lewis, S. J., Bader, T. J., Dhiman, M., Hart, D., Duncan, N., Salo, P., Swamy, G., Lewis, S. J., Lawrence, P. L., Smith, J., Pellise, F., Sardar, Z., Lawrence, P. L., Lewis, S. J., Smith, J., Pellise, F., Sardar, Z., Levett, J. J., Alnasser, A., Barak, U., Elkaim, L. M., Hoang, T. S., Alotaibi, N. M., Guha, D., Moss, I. L., Weil, A. G., Weber, M. H., de Muelenaere, P., Parvez, K., Sun, J., Iorio, O. C., Rosenstein, B., Naghdi, N., Fortin, M., Manocchio, F., Ankory, R., Stallwood, L., Ahn, H., Mahdi, H., Naeem, A., Jhawar, D., Moradi, M., Jhawar, B., Qiu, S., Surendran, V., Shi, V., Cheung, E., Ngana, S., Qureshi, M. A., Sharma, S. V., Pahuta, M., Guha, D. 2024; 67 (6suppl1): S17-S76

  View details for DOI 10.1503/cjs.011424

  View details for PubMedID 39537311

• L3-L4 Hyperlordosis and Decreased Lower Lumbar Lordosis Following Short-Segment L4-L5 Lumbar Fusion Surgery is Associated With L3-L4 Revision Surgery for Adjacent Segment Stenosis GLOBAL SPINE JOURNAL Herrington, B. J., Fernandes, R. R., Urquhart, J. C., Rasoulinejad, P., Siddiqi, F., Bailey, C. S. 2025; 15 (2): 382-391

  Abstract

  Retrospective review of prospective cohort.Reoperation at L3-L4 for adjacent segment disease (ASD) is common after L4-L5 spine fusion. L4-S1 lower lumbar lordosis (LLL) accounts for the majority of global lumbar lordosis (GLL) and is modifiable during surgery. We sought to determine if a reduction in LLL leads to an increase in L3-L4 focal lumbar lordosis (L3-L4 FLL) and resulting risk of ASD at L3-L4.We reviewed the records of a prospective cohort with lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent L4-L5 or L4-L5-S1 fusion between 2006 and 2012. Radiographic parameters-GLL, LLL, L3-L4 FLL, upper lumbar lordosis, lordosis distribution index, pelvic tilt, and pelvic incidence-were extracted from preoperative and postoperative lumbar spine radiographs. Statistical comparisons were made between those who underwent revision for post-fusion adjacent level stenosis at L3-L4 (REVISION) and those who did not (NO REVISION).Inclusion criteria were met by 104 patients. The REVISION cohort included 19 individuals. No significant differences in baseline demographics or operative details for the index procedure were found between groups. Postoperatively, when compared to the NO REVISION cohort, the REVISION cohort had a decrease in LLL (-2.6° vs + 1.5°, P = .011) and LDI (-5.1% vs + 1.3%, P = .039), and an increase in L3-L4 FLL (+2.6° vs -.6°, P = .001).A reduction in LLL and compensatory increase in L3-L4 FLL after initial lower lumbar fusion surgery resulted in more reoperation at L3-L4 for post-fusion adjacent level spinal stenosis.

  View details for DOI 10.1177/21925682231191414

  View details for Web of Science ID 001034148100001

  View details for PubMedID 37485611

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC11877596

• Acute physiological comparison of sub-maximal exercise on a novel adapted rowing machine and arm crank ergometry in people with a spinal cord injury SPINAL CORD Sawatzky, B., Herrington, B., Choi, K., Ben Mortenson, W., Borisoff, J., Sparrey, C., Laskin, J. J. 2022; 60 (8): 694-700

  Abstract

  Non-randomized crossover trial.The objective of this study was to assess the oxygen uptake during exercise using the Adapted ROWing machine (AROW) compared to the more commonly used Arm Crank Ergometry (ACE) for people with spinal cord injury/disease (SCI/D) with or without trunk stability.Canada, Vancouver.Participants were from a convenience sample of 14 adults with SCI/D (age 21-63 y) which include those with lumbar to low cervical impairments currently exercising at least once per week using cardiovascular exercise equipment at our Physical Activity Research Centre. The interventions were non-randomized steady-state exercise bouts at self-selected low and moderate workloads on the AROW and ACE for 5 min each. Our primary outcomes were the rate of oxygen consumption (mL/kg/min) and the Borg 0-10 Rating Scale of Perceived Exertion (RPE).A repeated measures two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) indicated that exercising on the AROW resulted significantly greater oxygen consumption and perceived exertion than ACE at similar sub-maximal workloads which may be explained by the differences in efficiency between the devices (Partial eta squared = 0.84, F stat = 48.25; Partial eta squared = 0.86, F stat = 53.54).We have demonstrated that this form of upper extremity exercise had a greater RPE and VO2 on the ACE at a given workload. Thus, the AROW could provide a functional upper extremity workout that can be used for daily exercise for those with varying levels of SCI.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41393-022-00757-2

  View details for Web of Science ID 000749955900001

  View details for PubMedID 35110695

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC8810340