Daniel Schwartz

All Publications

• Extended Realities and the Future of Knowledge Work: Opportunities and Challenges Queiroz, A. M., Bailenson, J. N., Blair, K., Schwartz, D. L., Thille, C., Wagner, A., IEEE COMPUTER SOC IEEE COMPUTER SOC. 2024: 662-666

  View details for DOI 10.1109/VRW62533.2024.00130

  View details for Web of Science ID 001239375400124

• Moving outside the board room: A proof-of-concept study on the impact of walking while negotiating. PloS one Oppezzo, M., Neale, M. A., Gross, J. J., Prochaska, J. J., Schwartz, D. L., Aikens, R. C., Palaniappan, L. 2023; 18 (3): e0282681

  Abstract

  Negotiation is a consequential activity that can exacerbate power differentials, especially for women. While traditional contexts can prime stereotypical gender roles and promote conditions that lead to performance differences, these can be mitigated by context shifts. This proof-of-concept study explores whether an easy-to-apply context shift, moving from seated indoors to walking outside, can help improve the quality of negotiated interactions. Here we examine walking's effects on negotiation and relational outcomes as well as experienced emotions, moderated by gender.Same-gender pairs were randomly assigned to either sitting or walking as either candidate or recruiter negotiating a job offer.Eighty-one pairs of graduate students or community members participated: sitting pairs: 27 women, 14 men; walking pairs: 23 women, 17 men.Participants negotiated either while seated (across from each other) or walking (side by side along a path).We measured: negotiation performance (total points) and outcome equity (difference between negotiating party points); subjective outcomes of positive emotions, negative emotions, mutual liking, and mutual trust. With mixed effects models, we tested main effects of condition, gender, and interaction of condition x gender.Relative to sitting, walking was associated with: increased outcome equality for women, but decreased for men (B = 3799.1, SE = 1679.9, p = .027); decreased negative emotions, more for women than men (IRR = .83, 95% CI:[.69,1.00], p = .046); and greater mutual liking for both genders (W = 591.5, p-value = 0.027). No significant effects were found for negotiation point totals, positive emotions, or mutual trust.This study provides a foundation for investigating easy-to-implement changes that can mitigate stereotyped performance differences in negotiation.

  View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0282681

  View details for PubMedID 36930666

• Active learning: "Hands-on" meets "minds-on". Science (New York, N.Y.) Yannier, N., Hudson, S. E., Koedinger, K. R., Hirsh-Pasek, K., Golinkoff, R. M., Munakata, Y., Doebel, S., Schwartz, D. L., Deslauriers, L., McCarty, L., Callaghan, K., Theobald, E. J., Freeman, S., Cooper, K. M., Brownell, S. E. 2021; 374 (6563): 26-30

  View details for DOI 10.1126/science.abj9957

  View details for PubMedID 34591619

• What moves you? Physical activity strategies in older women. Journal of health psychology Oppezzo, M., Wegner, L., Gross, J. J., Schwartz, D. L., Eckley, T., King, A. C., Mackey, S., Stefanick, M. L. 2021: 13591053211014593

  Abstract

  Physical activity improves quality of life and extends independence in older adults. Yet, how to motivate older adults to engage in physical activity is unclear. In the present study, 4108 older women, aged 70-99, reported how they motivated themselves to move when they did not feel like it, and their hours of physical activity and walking each week. Findings indicated that participants who endorsed more strategies had more hours of physical activity and walking. Strategic categories that correlated with more physical activity include focusing on the benefits and utilizing the surrounding environment to help motivate movement.

  View details for DOI 10.1177/13591053211014593

  View details for PubMedID 34006131

• Modeling and Analyzing Inquiry Strategies in Open-Ended Learning Environments INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION Kaeser, T., Schwartz, D. L. 2020; 30 (3): 504-535

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s40593-020-00199-y

  View details for Web of Science ID 000568804700001

• The relation between academic achievement and the spontaneous use of design-thinking strategies COMPUTERS & EDUCATION Cutumisu, M., Schwartz, D. L., Lou, N. 2020; 149

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103806

  View details for Web of Science ID 000515130200002

• A digital game-based assessment of middle-school and college students' choices to seek critical feedback and to revise BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY Cutumisu, M., Chin, D. B., Schwartz, D. L. 2019; 50 (6): 2977-3003

  View details for DOI 10.1111/bjet.12796

  View details for Web of Science ID 000491231200015

• Educating and Measuring Choice: A Test of the Transfer of Design Thinking in Problem Solving and Learning JOURNAL OF THE LEARNING SCIENCES Chin, D. B., Blair, K. P., Wolf, R. C., Conlin, L. D., Cutumisu, M., Pfaffman, J., Schwartz, D. L. 2019; 28 (3): 337-380

  View details for DOI 10.1080/10508406.2019.1570933

  View details for Web of Science ID 000466019100001

• The impact of critical feedback choice on students' revision, performance, learning, and memory COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR Cutumisu, M., Schwartz, D. L. 2018; 78: 351–67

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.029

  View details for Web of Science ID 000417656700034

• Adaptive Natural-Language Targeting for Student Feedback Kolchinski, Y., Ruan, S., Schwartz, D., Brunskill, E., ACM ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY. 2018

  View details for DOI 10.1145/3231644.3231684

  View details for Web of Science ID 000546308900026

• Assessing Whether Students Seek Constructive Criticism: The Design of an Automated Feedback System for a Graphic Design Task INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION Cutumisu, M., Blair, K. P., Chin, D. B., Schwartz, D. L. 2017; 27 (3): 419–47

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s40593-016-0137-5

  View details for Web of Science ID 000405913100003

• Got Game? A Choice-Based Learning Assessment of Data Literacy and Visualization Skills TECHNOLOGY KNOWLEDGE AND LEARNING Chin, D. B., Blair, K. P., Schwartz, D. L. 2016; 21 (2): 195-210

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10758-016-9279-7

  View details for Web of Science ID 000379348000004

• A comparison of two methods of active learning in physics: inventing a general solution versus compare and contrast INSTRUCTIONAL SCIENCE Chin, D. B., Chi, M., Schwartz, D. L. 2016; 44 (2): 177-195

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s11251-016-9374-0

  View details for Web of Science ID 000376642700003

• The ABCs of how we learn: 26 scientifically proven approaches, how they work, and when to use them Schwartz, D. L., Tsang, J. M., Blair, K. P. WW Norton & Company. 2016
• Preparation for future learning: a missing competency in health professions education? MEDICAL EDUCATION Mylopoulos, M., Brydges, R., Woods, N. N., Manzone, J., Schwartz, D. L. 2016; 50 (1): 115-123

  Abstract

  Evidence suggests that clinicians may not be learning effectively from all facets of their practice, potentially because their training has not fully prepared them to do so. To address this gap, we argue that there is a need to identify systems of instruction and assessment that enhance clinicians' 'preparation for future learning'. Preparation for future learning (PFL) is understood to be the capacity to learn new information, to use resources effectively and innovatively, and to invent new strategies for learning and problem solving in practice.Education researchers have developed study designs that use dynamic assessments to measure what trainees have acquired in the past, as well as what they are able to learn in the present. More recently, researchers have also started to emphasise and measure whether and how trainees take action to gain the information they need to learn. Knowing that there are study designs and emerging metrics for assessing PFL, the next question is how to design instruction that helps trainees develop PFL capacities. Although research evidence is still accumulating, the current evidence base suggests training that encourages 'productive failure' through guided discovery learning (i.e. where trainees solve problems and perform tasks without direct instruction, though often with some form of feedback) creates challenging conditions that enhance learning and equip trainees with PFL-related behaviours.Preparation for future learning and the associated capacity of being adaptive as one learns in and from training and clinical practice have been missed in most contemporary training and assessment systems. We propose a research agenda that (i) explores how real-world adaptive expert activity unfolds in the health care workplace to inform the design of instruction for developing PFL, (ii) identifies measures of behaviours that relate to PFL, and (iii) addresses potential sociocultural barriers that limit clinicians' opportunities to learn from their daily practice.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/medu.12893

  View details for Web of Science ID 000367296900017

  View details for PubMedID 26695471

• Learning to "See" Less Than Nothing: Putting Perceptual Skills to Work for Learning Numerical Structure COGNITION AND INSTRUCTION Tsang, J. M., Blair, K. P., Bofferding, L., Schwartz, D. L. 2015; 33 (2): 154-197

  View details for DOI 10.1080/07370008.2015.1038539

  View details for Web of Science ID 000355094900003

• Learning to “see” less than nothing: Putting perceptual skills to work for learning numerical structure Cognition and Instruction Tsang, J. M., Blair, K. P., Bofferding, L., Schwartz, D. L. 2015; 33 (2): 154-197
• Posterlet: A game-based assessment of children's choices to seek feedback and to revise Journal of Learning Analytics Cutumisu, M., Blair, K. P., Chin, D. B., Schwartz, D. L. 2015; 2 (1): 49-71
• Seeking the General Explanation: A Test of Inductive Activities for Learning and Transfer JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING Shemwell, J. T., Chase, C. C., Schwartz, D. L. 2015; 52 (1): 58-83

  View details for DOI 10.1002/tea.21185

  View details for Web of Science ID 000347067700004

• Seeking the general explanation: A test of inductive activities for learning and transfer Journal of Research in Science Teaching Shemwell, J. T., Chase, C. C., Schwartz, D. L. 2015; 52 (1): 58-83
• Experience and Explanation: Using Videogames to Prepare Students for Formal Instruction in Statistics JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY Arena, D. A., Schwartz, D. L. 2014; 23 (4): 538-548

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10956-013-9483-3

  View details for Web of Science ID 000339881500005

• Give Your Ideas Some Legs: The Positive Effect of Walking on Creative Thinking JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION Oppezzo, M., Schwartz, D. L. 2014; 40 (4): 1142-1152

  Abstract

  Four experiments demonstrate that walking boosts creative ideation in real time and shortly after. In Experiment 1, while seated and then when walking on a treadmill, adults completed Guilford's alternate uses (GAU) test of creative divergent thinking and the compound remote associates (CRA) test of convergent thinking. Walking increased 81% of participants' creativity on the GAU, but only increased 23% of participants' scores for the CRA. In Experiment 2, participants completed the GAU when seated and then walking, when walking and then seated, or when seated twice. Again, walking led to higher GAU scores. Moreover, when seated after walking, participants exhibited a residual creative boost. Experiment 3 generalized the prior effects to outdoor walking. Experiment 4 tested the effect of walking on creative analogy generation. Participants sat inside, walked on a treadmill inside, walked outside, or were rolled outside in a wheelchair. Walking outside produced the most novel and highest quality analogies. The effects of outdoor stimulation and walking were separable. Walking opens up the free flow of ideas, and it is a simple and robust solution to the goals of increasing creativity and increasing physical activity.

  View details for DOI 10.1037/a0036577

  View details for Web of Science ID 000337803400015

  View details for PubMedID 24749966

• A pragmatic perspective on visual representation and creative thinking VISUAL STUDIES Martin, L., Schwartz, D. L. 2014; 29 (1): 80-93

  View details for DOI 10.1080/1472586X.2014.862997

  View details for Web of Science ID 000330164700007

• Give your ideas some legs: The positive effect of walking on creative thinking. Journal of experimental psychology: learning, memory, and cognition Oppezzo, M., Schwartz, D. L. 2014; 40 (4): 1142
• Experience and explanation: Using videogames to prepare students for formal instruction in statistics Journal of Science Education and Technology Arena, D. A., Schwartz, D. L. 2014; 23 (4): 538-548
• Learning by Teaching Human Pupils and Teachable Agents: The Importance of Recursive Feedback JOURNAL OF THE LEARNING SCIENCES Okita, S. Y., Schwartz, D. L. 2013; 22 (3): 375-412

  View details for DOI 10.1080/10508406.2013.807263

  View details for Web of Science ID 000322212500003

• Young Children Can Learn Scientific Reasoning with Teachable Agents IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES Chin, D. B., Dohmen, I. M., Schwartz, D. L. 2013; 6 (3): 248-257

  View details for DOI 10.1109/TLT.2013.24

  View details for Web of Science ID 000324386000008

• Applying Cognitive Developmental Psychology to Middle School Physics Learning: The Rule Assessment Method Physics Education Research Conference on Cultural Perspectives on Learners' Performance and Identity in Physics Hallinen, N. R., Chi, M., Chin, D. B., Prempeh, J., Blair, K. P., Schwartz, D. L. AMER INST PHYSICS. 2013: 158–161

  View details for DOI 10.1063/1.4789676

  View details for Web of Science ID 000315023900039

• Learning by teaching human pupils and teachable agents: The importance of recursive feedback Journal of the Learning Sciences Okita, S. Y., Schwartz, D. L. 2013; 22 (3): 375-412
• How Perception and Culture Give Rise to Abstract Mathematical Concepts in Individuals International handbook of research on conceptual change Blair, K. P., Tsang, I. M., Schwartz, D. L. 2013: 322
• A behavior change perspective on self-regulated learning with teachable agents International handbook of metacognition and learning technologies Oppezzo, M., Schwartz, D. L. Springer. 2013: 485–500
• Measuring what matters most: Choice-based assessments for the digital age Schwartz, D. L., Arena, D. MIT Press. 2013
• Beyond natural numbers: negative number representation in parietal cortex FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE Blair, K. P., Rosenberg-Lee, M., Tsang, J. M., Schwartz, D. L., Menon, V. 2012; 6

  Abstract

  Unlike natural numbers, negative numbers do not have natural physical referents. How does the brain represent such abstract mathematical concepts? Two competing hypotheses regarding representational systems for negative numbers are a rule-based model, in which symbolic rules are applied to negative numbers to translate them into positive numbers when assessing magnitudes, and an expanded magnitude model, in which negative numbers have a distinct magnitude representation. Using an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging design, we examined brain responses in 22 adults while they performed magnitude comparisons of negative and positive numbers that were quantitatively near (difference <4) or far apart (difference >6). Reaction times (RTs) for negative numbers were slower than positive numbers, and both showed a distance effect whereby near pairs took longer to compare. A network of parietal, frontal, and occipital regions were differentially engaged by negative numbers. Specifically, compared to positive numbers, negative number processing resulted in greater activation bilaterally in intraparietal sulcus (IPS), middle frontal gyrus, and inferior lateral occipital cortex. Representational similarity analysis revealed that neural responses in the IPS were more differentiated among positive numbers than among negative numbers, and greater differentiation among negative numbers was associated with faster RTs. Our findings indicate that despite negative numbers engaging the IPS more strongly, the underlying neural representation are less distinct than that of positive numbers. We discuss our findings in the context of the two theoretical models of negative number processing and demonstrate how multivariate approaches can provide novel insights into abstract number representation.

  View details for DOI 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00007

  View details for Web of Science ID 000301116300001

  View details for PubMedID 22363276

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3277269

• Resisting Overzealous Transfer: Coordinating Previously Successful Routines With Needs for New Learning EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGIST Schwartz, D. L., Chase, C. C., Bransford, J. D. 2012; 47 (3): 204-214

  View details for DOI 10.1080/00461520.2012.696317

  View details for Web of Science ID 000306829700005

• A value of concrete learning materials in adolescence. The adolescent brain: Learning, reasoning, and decision making Blair, K. P., Schwartz, D. L. American Psychological Association. 2012
• How to build educational neuroscience: Two approaches with concrete instances BJEP Monograph Series II, Number 8-Educational Neuroscience Schwartz, D. L., Blair, K. F., Tsang, J. J. British Psychological Society. 2012: 9–27
• The mental representation of integers: An abstract-to-concrete shift in the understanding of mathematical concepts COGNITION Varma, S., Schwartz, D. L. 2011; 121 (3): 363-385

  Abstract

  Mathematics has a level of structure that transcends untutored intuition. What is the cognitive representation of abstract mathematical concepts that makes them meaningful? We consider this question in the context of the integers, which extend the natural numbers with zero and negative numbers. Participants made greater and lesser judgments of pairs of integers. Experiment 1 demonstrated an inverse distance effect: When comparing numbers across the zero boundary, people are faster when the numbers are near together (e.g., -1 vs. 2) than when they are far apart (e.g., -1 vs. 7). This result conflicts with a straightforward symbolic or analog magnitude representation of integers. We therefore propose an analog-x hypothesis: Mastering a new symbol system restructures the existing magnitude representation to encode its unique properties. We instantiate analog-x in a reflection model: The mental negative number line is a reflection of the positive number line. Experiment 2 replicated the inverse distance effect and corroborated the model. Experiment 3 confirmed a developmental prediction: Children, who have yet to restructure their magnitude representation to include negative magnitudes, use rules to compare negative numbers. Taken together, the experiments suggest an abstract-to-concrete shift: Symbolic manipulation can transform an existing magnitude representation so that it incorporates additional perceptual-motor structure, in this case symmetry about a boundary. We conclude with a second symbolic-magnitude model that instantiates analog-x using a feature-based representation, and that begins to explain the restructuring process.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2011.08.005

  View details for Web of Science ID 000297392400006

  View details for PubMedID 21939966

• Practicing Versus Inventing With Contrasting Cases: The Effects of Telling First on Learning and Transfer JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY Schwartz, D. L., Chase, C. C., Oppezzo, M. A., Chin, D. B. 2011; 103 (4): 759-775

  View details for DOI 10.1037/a0025140

  View details for Web of Science ID 000297111000001

• Prototyping Dynamics: Sharing Multiple Designs Improves Exploration, Group Rapport, and Results Dow, S. P., Fortuna, J., Schwartz, D., Altringer, B., Schwartz, D. L., Klemmer, S. R., ACM ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY. 2011: 2807–16

  View details for Web of Science ID 000395171602110

• Practicing versus inventing with contrasting cases: The effects of telling first on learning and transfer. Journal of Educational Psychology Schwartz, D. L., Chase, C. C., Oppezzo, M. A., Chin, D. B. 2011; 103 (4): 759
• Parallel Prototyping Leads to Better Design Results, More Divergence, and Increased Self-Efficacy ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-HUMAN INTERACTION Dow, S. P., Glassco, A., Kass, J., Schwarz, M., Schwartz, D. L., Klemmer, S. R. 2010; 17 (4)

  View details for DOI 10.1145/1879831.1879836

  View details for Web of Science ID 000285709800005

• Preparing students for future learning with Teachable Agents ETR&D-EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Chin, D. B., Dohmen, I. M., Cheng, B. H., Oppezzo, M. A., Chase, C. C., Schwartz, D. L. 2010; 58 (6): 649-669

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s11423-010-9154-5

  View details for Web of Science ID 000284066700002

• Teachable Agents and the Protege Effect: Increasing the Effort Towards Learning JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY Chase, C. C., Chin, D. B., Oppezzo, M. A., Schwartz, D. L. 2009; 18 (4): 334-352

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10956-009-9180-4

  View details for Web of Science ID 000270140300004

• Spatial Learning and Computer Simulations in Science INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION Lindgren, R., Schwartz, D. L. 2009; 31 (3): 419-438

  View details for DOI 10.1080/09500690802595813

  View details for Web of Science ID 000263445000007

• Prospective Adaptation in the Use of External Representations COGNITION AND INSTRUCTION Martin, L., Schwartz, D. L. 2009; 27 (4): 370-400

  View details for DOI 10.1080/07370000903221775

  View details for Web of Science ID 000270806200003

• How should educational neuroscience conceptualise the relation between cognition and brain function? Mathematical reasoning as a network process EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Varma, S., Schwartz, D. L. 2008; 50 (2): 149-161

  View details for DOI 10.1080/00131880802082633

  View details for Web of Science ID 000257111800004

• Scientific and Pragmatic Challenges for Bridging Education and Neuroscience EDUCATIONAL RESEARCHER Varma, S., McCandliss, B. D., Schwartz, D. L. 2008; 37 (3): 140-152

  View details for DOI 10.3102/0013189X08317687

  View details for Web of Science ID 000207714500002

• Using hidden Markov models to characterize student behaviors in learning-by-teaching environments 9th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems Jeong, H., Gupta, A., Roscoe, R., Wagster, J., Biswas, G., Schwartz, D. SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN. 2008: 614–625

  View details for Web of Science ID 000258073200064

• Bringing CBLEs into classrooms: Experiences with the Betty's Brain system 8TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES, PROCEEDINGS Wagster, J., Kwong, H., Segedy, J., Biswas, G., Schwartz, D. 2008: 252-?

  View details for DOI 10.1109/ICALT.2008.211

  View details for Web of Science ID 000257822100067

• Instrumentation in learning research Sears, D. A., Schwartz, D. L., Hsu, L., Henderson, C., McCullough, L. AMER INST PHYSICS. 2007: 15-+

  View details for Web of Science ID 000252209400004

• Young children's understanding of animacy and entertainment robots INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANOID ROBOTICS Okita, S. Y., Schwartz, D. L. 2006; 3 (3): 393-412

  View details for Web of Science ID 000249759300010

• Physically distributed learning: adapting and reinterpreting physical environments in the development of fraction concepts. Cognitive science Martin, T., Schwartz, D. L. 2005; 29 (4): 587-625

  Abstract

  Five studies examined how interacting with the physical environment can support the development of fraction concepts. Nine- and 10-year-old children worked on fraction problems they could not complete mentally. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that manipulating physical pieces facilitated children's ability to develop an interpretation of fractions. Experiment 3 demonstrated that when children understood a content area well, they used their interpretations to repurpose many environments to support problem solving, whereas when they needed to learn, they were prone to the structure of the environment. Experiments 4 and 5 examined transfer after children had learned by manipulating physical pieces. Children who learned by adapting relatively unstructured environments transferred to new materials better than children who learned with "well-structured" environments that did not require equivalent adaptation. Together, the findings reveal that during physically distributed learning, the opportunity to adapt an environment permits the development of new interpretations that can advance learning.

  View details for DOI 10.1207/s15516709cog0000_15

  View details for PubMedID 21702786

• Learning by teaching: A new agent paradigm for educational software APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Biswas, G., Leelawong, K., Schwartz, D., Vye, N., Teachable Agents Grp Vanderbilt 2005; 19 (3-4): 363-392

  View details for DOI 10.1080/08839510590910200

  View details for Web of Science ID 000227675700008

• How Mathematics Propels the Development of Physical Knowledge JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT Schwartz, D. L., Martin, T., Pfaffman, J. 2005; 6 (1): 65-88

  View details for Web of Science ID 000207615100004

• Exploring young children's attributions through entertainment robots Okita, S. Y., Schwartz, D. L., Shibata, T., Tokuda, H., IEEE IEEE. 2005: 390-395

  View details for Web of Science ID 000234339400064

• Designs for knowledge evolution: Towards a prescriptive theory for integrating first- and second-hand knowledge Symposium on Cognition, Education and Communication Technology Schwartz, D. L., Martin, T., Nasir, N. LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL. 2005: 21–54

  View details for Web of Science ID 000229214900002

• Inventing to prepare for future learning: The hidden efficiency of encouraging original student production in statistics instruction COGNITION AND INSTRUCTION Schwartz, D. L., Martin, T. 2004; 22 (2): 129-184

  View details for Web of Science ID 000221914400001

• Milo and J-mole: Computers as constructivist teachable agents 6th International Conference of the Learning Sciences Blair, K. P., Schwartz, D. L. LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL. 2004: 588–588

  View details for Web of Science ID 000222781900084

• Developing learning by teaching environments that support self-regulated learning 7th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems Biswas, G., Leelawong, K., Belynne, K., Viswanath, K., Schwartz, D., Davis, J. SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN. 2004: 730–740

  View details for Web of Science ID 000223806300069

• Tool use and the effect of action on the imagination JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION Schwartz, D. L., Holton, D. L. 2000; 26 (6): 1655-1665

  Abstract

  Three studies examined the claim that hand movements can facilitate imagery for object rotations but that this facilitation depends on people's model of the situation. In Experiment 1, physically turning a block without vision reduced mental rotation times compared with imagining the same rotation without bodily movement. In Experiment 2, pulling a string from a spool facilitated participants' mental rotation of an object sitting on the spool. In Experiment 3, depending on participants' model of the spool, the exact same pulling movement facilitated or interfered with the exact same imagery transformation. Results of Experiments 2 and 3 indicate that the geometric characteristics of an action do not specify the trajectory of an imagery transformation. Instead, they point to people's ability to model the tools that mediate between motor activity and its environmental consequences and to transfer tool knowledge to a new situation.

  View details for DOI 10.1037//0278-7393.26.6.1655

  View details for Web of Science ID 000165492900020

  View details for PubMedID 11185788

• Learning as coordination: Cognitive psychology and education Handbook of educational psycholog Schwartz, D. 2016
• Prototyping dynamics: sharing multiple designs improves exploration, group rapport, and results Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Schwartz, D. 2011