Emily Ferguson, PhD
Postdoctoral Scholar, Psychiatry
Bio
Emily Ferguson, Ph.D., is a postdoctoral academic researcher and clinician within Stanford University’s Autism and Developmental Disorders Research Program (https://med.stanford.edu/autism.html) within the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. She earned her doctoral degree in Clinical Psychology from the University of California Santa Barbara and completed her clinical internship at the University of California Los Angeles. Dr. Ferguson's research focuses on advancing understanding of mechanisms of challenging behaviors in autistic youth and adults to inform treatment development. Her work takes a comprehensive perspective, integrating methods from implementation science to improve the accessibility and quality of clinical care for underserved autistic populations, especially those with higher support needs (or "profound autism"). She is also interested in developing methods to improve self-regulation in individuals with profound autism to effectively manage self-injurious behaviors and aggression. Dr. Ferguson is currently supporting research in the Preschool Autism Lab (https://med.stanford.edu/autismcenter/pre-school-autism-lab-program.html), and exploring profiles of challenging behaviors with the Program for Psychometrics and Measurement-Based Care (https://med.stanford.edu/sppmc.html) in a diverse range of autistic and non-autistic youth to inform treatment approaches.
Contact
Additional Info
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Mail Code: 5717
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Other Names:Emily Ferguson Zoltowski
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2771-6346All Publications
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Family experiences with supplemental social security income and legal guardianship for autistic adults: A mixed-methods study
RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
2025; 119
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102522
View details for Web of Science ID 001369946600001
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Family Experiences with Supplemental Social Security Income and Legal Guardianship for Autistic Adults: A Mixed-Methods Study.
Research in autism spectrum disorders
2025; 119
Abstract
Family interactions with the Supplemental Social Security Income (SSI) program and the decision to pursue legal guardianship are poorly understood in services research for autistic adults.We conducted a mixed-methods study and incorporated quantitative survey data from 122 autistic adults in an existing longitudinal cohort with qualitative interviews with 12 autistic adults and/or legal guardians. We explored associations between sociodemographic, developmental, and behavioral features with the likelihood of having SSI and a legal guardian at 25 years old. Spoken interviews were transcribed verbatim, and interviews were analyzed using a rapid qualitative analytic approach.There were quantitative differences in whether families were able to obtain SSI and guardianship based on intelligence quotient (IQ) scores, adaptive behavior, and autistic characteristics, but not by race, ethnicity, or maternal education. Qualitative data analysis revealed six themes that highlighted the challenges associated with obtaining and maintaining SSI, along with the complex, nuanced decisions associated with legal guardianship. Families noted many challenges in navigating these procedures and some potential benefits for each unique circumstance.These findings offer new perspectives on experiences associated with pursuing SSI benefits and legal guardianship for autistic adults, including similarities and key differences in these procedures. Findings also provide suggestions for future research to improve coordination and supports for families throughout adulthood.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102522
View details for PubMedID 39670172
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC11634058
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Toward improved understanding and treatment of self-injurious behaviors in autistic individuals with profound intellectual disability.
Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research
2024
Abstract
Self-injurious behaviors (SIB) commonly occur in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and span diverse topographies of self-inflicted behaviors ranging from head banging to hitting oneself against hard objects. Despite the high rates of SIB in autistic individuals, relatively little research has focused on psychological factors associated with the development and maintenance of SIB in individuals with autism and moderate-profound intellectual disability (ID). This commentary synthesizes existing literature on SIB and highlights the need for more research focused on psychological correlates and mechanisms in autistic individuals with moderate-profound ID. We highlight the key role of difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) and co-occurring internalizing symptoms in the manifestation of self-harm behaviors in clinical samples and autism. Furthermore, this commentary proposes a framework for understanding the interplay between poor ER and internalizing symptoms in the development and maintenance of SIB in autistic individuals with moderate-profound ID. Specifically, we explore the emergence of SIB in the context of precipitating cues that trigger strong emotions, ER processes and strategy deployment, and co-occurring internalizing symptoms. Future directions and implications for longitudinal research, measurement development, and clinical treatments are discussed.
View details for DOI 10.1002/aur.3289
View details for PubMedID 39688125
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Exploring the Heterogeneity of Self-Injurious Behaviors in Autistic Youth: Patterns, Predictors, and Implications for Intervention.
Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research
2024
Abstract
Self-injurious behaviors (SIB) encompass a heterogeneous set of self-inflicted aggressive behaviors that are highly prevalent in autistic youth. Existing research on SIB in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been limited by significant methodological and conceptual inconsistencies. Thus, the current study leveraged item-level data capturing the severity of unique SIB topographies to further understanding of factors associated with distinct SIB in a sample of 582 autistic youth (Mage = 12.12, SDage = 3.68; range: 3-19 years; 13% females). Results suggest variation in severity endorsements for specific SIB topographies amongst autistic youth, such that 30%-50% of caregivers endorsed slight to very serious concern regarding the SIB topographies of bites nails/skin/fingers, scratches self, hits head/face/neck, bangs head against things, and picks skin. Generalized additive models demonstrated distinct patterns of associations between each SIB topography and dysregulation, sensory hypersensitivity, age, sex, IQ, and language level. Findings underscore the importance of exploring SIB as a multifaceted construct to capture unique correlates of distinct SIB that vary in severity and functional impact, which is critical for the development of effective interventions. This study represents an important step towards more individualized characterization of SIB and support for diverse presentations of these behaviors in autistic youth.
View details for DOI 10.1002/aur.3269
View details for PubMedID 39578711
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Characterizing associations between emotion dysregulation, anxiety, and repetitive behaviors in autistic youth with intellectual disability.
Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research
2024
Abstract
There is a paucity of research that explores associations between emotion dysregulation and the expression and severity of core and co-occurring characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially in autistic youth with co-occurring intellectual disability (ID). This study explored the interplay between developmental characteristics and emotion dysregulation, anxiety, and specific subtypes of RRBs that are elevated in autistic youth with co-occurring ID. Generalized additive models demonstrated that age, sex, language level, dysregulation, and anxiety showed unique patterns of association with subtypes of RRBs in a sample of 150 autistic youth with co-occurring ID who are non-speaking or minimally verbal. More specifically, higher anxiety levels were significantly associated with elevations in repetitive sensory motor behaviors (RSMB), self-injurious behaviors (SIB), insistence on sameness (IS), and unusual interests (UI). While emotion dysregulation was a significant predictor of UI, it demonstrated positive, albeit not significant, associations with the intensity of SIB and RSMB. Language level was a significant predictor of RSMB, such that the intensity of RSMB was higher for individuals who were non-speaking relative to those who spoke in single words. These findings provide preliminary insights into patterns of associations between emotion dysregulation, anxiety, and specific subdomains of RRBs in autistic youth with ID.
View details for DOI 10.1002/aur.3207
View details for PubMedID 39166396
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"There is No Help:" Caregiver Perspectives on Service Needs for Adolescents and Adults with Profound Autism.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders
2024
Abstract
The underrepresentation of individuals with profound autism (who require 24/7 access to care) in autism research has resulted in limited knowledge about their service needs and a lack of evidence-based practices tailored to those needs. This study explored caregiver perspectives on service needs, barriers to accessing care, and treatment priorities to guide treatment development and improvement of service delivery. A sequential mixed-methods design integrated quantitative survey data (n = 423; Mage = 18.89 years; 26.7% female) with qualitative interviews (n = 20) with caregivers of adolescents and adults with profound autism. Quantitative findings indicated regular socialization opportunities were the most frequently endorsed unmet service need (60.3% of caregivers), followed by primary health care with autism-trained staff (59.3%), social skills instruction (55.8%), life skills instruction (51.3%), and behavioral support (47.3%). Higher likelihood of needing social activity groups was associated with elevated emotional reactivity, higher language level, minoritized ethnicity, and lower household income. Greater need for specialized primary health care was associated with lower income, while the need for social and life skills instruction was associated with increased age and elevated dysphoria. Qualitative analysis identified 10 themes that converged and expanded quantitative findings by highlighting a pervasive shortage of individualized, goal-oriented services, common barriers to care, and the priority of developing centralized treatment settings that coordinate care throughout adulthood. This study identified pressing service needs for adolescents and adults with profound autism in the United States. These insights are crucial for improving the accessibility and quality of clinical care.
View details for DOI 10.1007/s10803-024-06451-x
View details for PubMedID 38963473
View details for PubMedCentralID 5919599