Emma Simmerman

All Publications

• Characterizing dark state kinetics and single molecule fluorescence of FusionRed and FusionRed-MQ at low irradiances. Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP Mukherjee, S., Thomas, C., Wilson, R., Simmerman, E., Hung, S., Jimenez, R. 2022

  Abstract

  The presence of dark states causes fluorescence intermittency of single molecules due to transitions between "on" and "off" states. Genetically encodable markers such as fluorescent proteins (FPs) exhibit dark states that make several super-resolved single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) methods possible. However, studies quantifying the timescales and nature of dark state behavior for commonly used FPs under conditions typical of widefield and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy remain scarce and pre-date many new SMLM techniques. FusionRed is a relatively bright red FP exhibiting fluorescence intermittency and has thus been identified as a potential candidate for SMLM. We herein characterize the rates for dark-state conversion and the subsequent ground-state recovery of FusionRed and its 2.5-fold brighter descendent FusionRed L175M M42Q (FusionRed-MQ) at low irradiances (1-10 W cm-2), which were previously unexplored experimental conditions. We characterized the kinetics of dark state transitions in these two FPs by using single molecule blinking and ensemble photobleaching experiments bridged with a dark state kinetic model. We find that at low irradiances, the recovery process to the ground state is minimally light-driven and FusionRed-MQ has a 1.3-fold longer ground state recovery time indicating a conformationally restricted dark-state chromophore in comparison to FusionRed. Our studies indicate that the brighter FusionRed-MQ variant exhibits higher dark state conversion rates with longer ground state recovery lifetimes, thus it is potentially a better candidate for SMLM applications than its progenitor FusionRed.

  View details for DOI 10.1039/d2cp00889k

  View details for PubMedID 35642612

• Reconfigurable Quantum Local Area Network Over Deployed Fiber PRX QUANTUM Alshowkan, M., Williams, B. P., Evans, P. G., Rao, N. S., Simmerman, E. M., Lu, H., Lingaraju, N. B., Weiner, A. M., Marvinney, C. E., Pai, Y., Lawrie, B. J., Peters, N. A., Lukens, J. M. 2021; 2 (4)

  View details for DOI 10.1103/PRXQuantum.2.040304

  View details for Web of Science ID 000705671400001

• A Reconfigurable Quantum Local Area Network Over Deployed Fiber Alshowkan, M., Williams, B. P., Evans, P. G., Rao, N. S., Simmerman, E. M., Lu, H., Lingaraju, N. B., Weiner, A. M., Peters, N. A., Lukens, J. M., IEEE IEEE. 2021

  View details for Web of Science ID 000831479800387

• Remote State Preparation in a Reconfigurable Quantum Local Area Network Alshowkan, M., Williams, B. P., Evans, P. G., Rao, N. S., Simmerman, E. M., Lingaraju, N. B., Lu, H., Weiner, A. M., Marvinney, C. E., Pai, Y., Lawrie, B. J., Peters, N. A., Lukens, J. M., IEEE IEEE. 2021

  View details for DOI 10.1109/IPC48725.2021.9593052

  View details for Web of Science ID 000866488100210