Bio

Eric Lambin, a geographer and environmental scientist, divides his time between the Université catholique de Louvain (Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium) and Stanford University, were he occupies the Ishiyama Provostial Professorship at the School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences and the Woods Institute for the Environment. His research tries to better understand causes and impacts of land use changes in different parts of the world. He was Chair of the international scientific project Land Use and Land Cover Change (LUCC) from 1999 to 2005. He was awarded the 2009 Francqui Prize, the 2014 Volvo Environment Prize, the 2019 Blue Planet Prize, and is Foreign Associate at the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. His current research tries to understand how globalization affects global land use, and how private and public regulations of land use interact to promote more sustainable land use practices.

Academic Appointments

Administrative Appointments

  • George and Setsuko Ishiyama Provostial Professor, Stanford University (2010 - Present)
  • Fellow, Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University (2002 - 2003)
  • Professor, University of Louvain, Belgium (1995 - Present)
  • Expert, Joint Research Center (Ispra, Italy), European Commission, European Commission (1993 - 1995)
  • Assistant professor, Boston University (1991 - 1993)

Honors & Awards

  • Blue Planet Prize, Asahi Glass Foundation, Japan (2019)
  • Beijer Fellow, Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden (2016)
  • Honorary degree “Doctor rerum naturalium honoris causa”, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (2016)
  • Highly Cited Researcher, Thomson Reuters (2014)
  • Volvo Environment Prize, Volvo Environment Prize Foundation, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (2014)
  • Fellow, European Academy of Sciences (2010)
  • Member, Academia Europaea (2010)
  • Prix du livre Environnement pour “Une Ecologie du Bonheur”, Veolia (2010)
  • Foreign Associate, U.S. National Academy of Sciences (2009)
  • Francqui prize in Sciences, Francqui Foundation (2009)
  • Membre, Académie Royale des sciences, des lettres & des beaux-arts de Belgique (2006)
  • Chair, Land-Use & Land-Cover Change (LUCC) project of the IGBP and IHDP (1999 - 2005)

Boards, Advisory Committees, Professional Organizations

  • Member of the Editorial Board, Global Sustainability (2016 - Present)
  • Member of the Board of Directors, Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Stockholm (2011 - 2017)
  • Review Editor, Global Assessment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) (2017 - 2018)
  • Member of the Research Council, University of Louvain (2006 - 2009)
  • Co-Chair of Department, Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University (2013 - 2016)
  • Member of the Editorial Board, Global Environmental Change (2004 - 2015)
  • Member of the External Advisory Board, National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC), USA (2012 - 2013)
  • Associate Editor, Ecology and Society: A journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability (2005 - Present)
  • Member of the Steering Committee, Global Terrestrial Observing System (2005 - 2010)
  • Member of the Science Advisory Committee, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria (2004 - 2011)
  • Member of the Editorial Board, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (2002 - 2006)
  • Member of the Editorial Board, Ecosystems (2001 - 2004)
  • Chair of Department, Geography and Geology, University of Louvain (2000 - 2003)

Program Affiliations

  • Center for East Asian Studies

Professional Education

  • PhD, University of Louvain, Belgium, Sciences, Geography (1988)
  • M.S., University of Louvain, Belgium, Geography (1985)
  • B.A., University of Louvain, Belgium, Philosophy (1985)

Contact

  • elambin@stanford.edu
    University - Faculty Department: Department of Earth System Science Position: Professor
    University - Faculty Department: Woods Institute Position: Senior Fellow

Additional Info

  • Mail Code: 4205

Links

Current Research and Scholarly Interests

My research aims at better understanding the causes and impacts of land use changes both globally and in ‘hot spots’ of environmental change. I work at the interface between natural and social sciences. I am conducting a number of land system change studies in different parts of the world using methods that link remote sensing data with socio-economic data. My research reveals cross-scale dynamics causing tropical deforestation, forest transitions, and dryland degradation. My research is focused on solutions for sustainable land use and has implications for land use governance.

My research uses original approaches to link geo-referenced socio-economic data with biophysical data to better understand the causes of land use change and their impacts on ecosystem attributes. Methods linking “people to pixels” (i.e., joint statistical analysis of fine resolution remote sensing data with geo-referenced, detailed household survey data) allow for a spatial disaggregation of land use studies at the level of decision-making agents. This has led to a new understanding of the complexity of land change processes. My research also investigates human and ecosystem responses to land change. Social and ecological feedbacks of land use change are sources of non-linear dynamics and land-use transitions. With my research team, we conduct detailed analyses of the main cases of contemporary forest transitions, whereby a country shifts from net deforestation to net reforestation. Our research on Vietnam, Bhutan, Chile, Costa Rica provided a rich understanding of how to “bend the curve” in land use. Several generic pathways leading to forest transitions were identified.

This research on forest transitions also revealed something quite unexpected: all countries that protected their forests and reversed deforestation simultaneously increased their imports of wood and agricultural products from other countries. They were thus all off-shoring their deforestation to other countries by displacing their land use beyond their borders. This latter discovery led to new research projects on the link between economic globalization and land use, which is now referred to as “telecoupling”.

A major policy implication of these findings is that national land use policies alone were not sufficient to achieve global forest conservation, given a leakage (or geographic displacement) of land use change to other places. The next logical step was thus to analyze how the governance of global supply chains in agricultural and forestry products could lead to more sustainable land use. With my team, we then conducted a series of evaluations of the effectiveness of eco-certification schemes and sustainable sourcing commitments by the private sector. These were among the very first studies analyzing empirically, using the most rigorous methods, the impact of supply chain interventions on land use. One of the key finding was that the effectiveness of a private governance of land use depends on supportive public policies. One of our current contributions is thus to analyze systematically the interactions between governments, NGOs, and companies for the design and implementation of interventions for sustainable land use.

I have supervised many PhD students and postdocs, with 32 PhDs completed so far under my supervision, and five current PhD students. Many of my past graduate students have become highly productive scholars in top universities. Others occupy key science or policy positions.

2018-19 Courses

Stanford Advisees

All Publications

  • The Restructuring of South American Soy and Beef Production and Trade Under Changing Environmental Regulations WORLD DEVELOPMENT de Waroux, Y., Garrett, R. D., Graesser, J., Nolte, C., White, C., Lambin, E. F. 2019; 121: 188–202

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.05.034

    View details for Web of Science ID 000472699700014

  • Health Beliefs of American Indian Imagery on Natural American Spirit Packs TOBACCO REGULATORY SCIENCE Epperson, A. E., Henriksen, L., Lambin, E. F., Prochaska, J. J., Flora, J. A. 2019; 5 (4): 369–80

    View details for DOI 10.18001/TRS.5.4.7

    View details for Web of Science ID 000474418000007

  • Lack of association between deforestation and either sustainability commitments or fines in private concessions in the Peruvian Amazon FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS Anderson, C. M., Asner, G. P., Lambin, E. F. 2019; 104: 1–8

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.forpol.2019.03.010

    View details for Web of Science ID 000467538700001

  • Geographical heterogeneity in mountain grasslands dynamics in the Austrian-Italian Tyrol region APPLIED GEOGRAPHY Hinojosa, L., Tasser, E., Ruedisser, J., Leitinger, G., Schermer, M., Lambin, E. F., Tappeiner, U. 2019; 106: 50–59

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2019.03.006

    View details for Web of Science ID 000466827700005

  • Oil palm expansion and deforestation in Southwest Cameroon associated with proliferation of informal mills NATURE COMMUNICATIONS Ordway, E. M., Naylor, R. L., Nkongho, R. N., Lambin, E. F. 2019; 10

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s41467-018-07915-2

    View details for Web of Science ID 000455354800011

  • Natural American Spirit's pro-environment packaging and perceptions of reduced-harm cigarettes. Preventive medicine Epperson, A. E., Lambin, E. F., Henriksen, L., Baiocchi, M., Flora, J. A., Prochaska, J. J. 2019: 105782

    Abstract

    Natural American Spirit (NAS) cigarettes feature a pro-environment marketing campaign on the packs. The NAS "Respect for the Earth" campaign is the first example of on-the-pack corporate social responsibility advertising. In a randomized survey design, we tested perceptions of NAS relative to other cigarette brands on harms to self, others, and the environment. Never (n = 421), former (n = 135), and current (n = 358) US adult smokers were recruited for an online survey from January through March 2018. All participants viewed packs of both NAS and Pall Mall. Participants were randomized to view NAS vs. Pall Mall and to pack color (blue, green, or yellow/orange), which was matched between brands. Survey items assessed perceptions of health risk of the cigarette brand to self, others, and the environment and perceptions of the manufacturer. Consistently on all measures, NAS cigarettes were rated as less harmful for oneself, others, and the environment relative to Pall Mall (p's < .001). Though Reynolds American manufactures both brands, participants rated the company behind NAS as more socially responsible than the company behind Pall Mall, F[1, 909] = 110.25, p < .001. The NAS advantage was significant irrespective of smoking status, pack color, and brand order, with findings stronger for current than never smokers. Pro-environmental marketing on NAS cigarette packs contributes to misperceptions that the product is safer for people and the environment than other cigarettes and made by a company that is more socially responsible. Stricter government regulations on the use of pro-environment terms in marketing that imply modified risk is needed.

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105782

    View details for PubMedID 31325524

  • Overlapping land allocations reduce deforestation in Peru LAND USE POLICY Anderson, C. M., Asner, G. P., Llactayo, W., Lambin, E. F. 2018; 79: 174–78

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.08.002

    View details for Web of Science ID 000454378800016

  • Impacts of shaded agroforestry management on carbon sequestration, biodiversity and farmers income in cocoa production landscapes LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY Middendorp, R. S., Vanacker, V., Lambin, E. F. 2018; 33 (11): 1953–74

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s10980-018-0714-0

    View details for Web of Science ID 000449117400010

  • The demise of caterpillar fungus in the Himalayan region due to climate change and overharvesting. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Hopping, K. A., Chignell, S. M., Lambin, E. F. 2018

    Abstract

    Demand for traditional medicine ingredients is causing species declines globally. Due to this trade, Himalayan caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) has become one of the world's most valuable biological commodities, providing a crucial source of income for hundreds of thousands of collectors. However, the resulting harvesting boom has generated widespread concern over the sustainability of its collection. We investigate whether caterpillar fungus production is decreasing-and if so, why-across its entire range. To overcome the limitations of sparse quantitative data, we use a multiple evidence base approach that makes use of complementarities between local knowledge and ecological modeling. We find that, according to collectors across four countries, caterpillar fungus production has decreased due to habitat degradation, climate change, and especially overexploitation. Our statistical models corroborate that climate change is contributing to this decline. They indicate that caterpillar fungus is more productive under colder conditions, growing in close proximity to areas likely to have permafrost. With significant warming already underway throughout much of its range, we conclude that caterpillar fungus populations have been negatively affected by a combination of overexploitation and climate change. Our results underscore that harvesting is not the sole threat to economically valuable species, and that a collapse of the caterpillar fungus system under ongoing warming and high collection pressure would have serious implications throughout the Himalayan region.

    View details for PubMedID 30348756

  • Europe's renewable energy directive poised to harm global forests NATURE COMMUNICATIONS Searchinger, T. D., Beringer, T., Holtsmark, B., Kammen, D. M., Lambin, E. F., Lucht, W., Raven, P., van Ypersele, J. 2018; 9: 3741

    Abstract

    This comment raises concerns regarding the way in which a new European directive, aimed at reaching higher renewable energy targets, treats wood harvested directly for bioenergy use as a carbon-free fuel. The result could consume quantities of wood equal to all Europe's wood harvests, greatly increase carbon in the air for decades, and set a dangerous global example.

    View details for PubMedID 30209361

  • Challenges in Attributing Avoided Deforestation to Policies and Actors: Lessons From Provincial Forest Zoning in the Argentine Dry Chaco ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS Nolte, C., Gobbi, B., de Waroux, Y., Piquer-Rodriguez, M., Butsic, V., Lambin, E. F. 2018; 150: 346–52

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.03.010

    View details for Web of Science ID 000444364000030

  • Impact of land-use zoning for forest protection and production on forest cover changes in Bhutan APPLIED GEOGRAPHY Bruggeman, D., Meyfroidt, P., Lambin, E. F. 2018; 96: 153–65

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2018.04.011

    View details for Web of Science ID 000436053300014

  • Constraints to farming in the Mediterranean Alps: Reconciling environmental and agricultural policies LAND USE POLICY Hinojosa, L., Lambin, E. F., Mzoughi, N., Napoleone, C. 2018; 75: 726–33

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.11.047

    View details for Web of Science ID 000434239300068

  • Companies' contribution to sustainability through global supply chains PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Thorlakson, T., de Zegher, J. F., Lambin, E. F. 2018; 115 (9): 2072–77

    Abstract

    Global supply chains play a critical role in many of the most pressing environmental stresses and social struggles identified by the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Responding to calls from the global community, companies are adopting a variety of voluntary practices to improve the environmental and/or social management of their suppliers' activities. We develop a global survey of 449 publicly listed companies in the food, textile, and wood-products sectors with annual reports in English to provide insight into how the private sector contributes to advancing the SDGs via such sustainable-sourcing practices. We find that while 52% of companies use at least one sustainable-sourcing practice, these practices are limited in scope; 71% relates to only one or a few input materials and 60.5% apply to only first-tier suppliers. We also find that sustainable-sourcing practices typically address a small subset of the sustainability challenges laid out by the SDGs, primarily focusing on labor rights and compliance with national laws. Consistent with existing hypotheses, companies that face consumer and civil society pressure are associated with a significantly higher probability of adopting sustainable-sourcing practices. Our findings highlight the opportunities and limitations of corporate sustainable-sourcing practices in addressing the myriad sustainability challenges facing our world today.

    View details for PubMedID 29440420

  • The role of supply-chain initiatives in reducing deforestation NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE Lambin, E. F., Gibbs, H. K., Heilmayr, R., Carlson, K. M., Fleck, L. C., Garrett, R. D., de Waroux, Y., McDermott, C. L., McLaughlin, D., Newton, P., Nolte, C., Pacheco, P., Rausch, L. L., Streck, C., Thorlakson, T., Walker, N. F. 2018; 8 (2): 109–16

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s41558-017-0061-1

    View details for Web of Science ID 000423842400011

  • Smallholders at a Crossroad: Intensify or Fall behind? Exploring Alternative Livelihood Strategies in a Globalized World BUSINESS STRATEGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT Rueda, X., Paz, A., Gibbs-Plessl, T., Leon, R., Moyano, B., Lambin, E. F. 2018; 27 (2): 215–29

    View details for DOI 10.1002/bse.2011

    View details for Web of Science ID 000424334000004

  • Improving environmental practices in agricultural supply chains: The role of company-led standards GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS Thorlakson, T., Hainmueller, J., Lambin, E. F. 2018; 48: 32–42

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.10.006

    View details for Web of Science ID 000429399000004

  • Sustainability Standards: Interactions Between Private Actors, Civil Society, and Governments ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 43 Lambin, E. F., Thorlakson, T., Gadgil, A., Tomich, T. P. 2018; 43: 369–93

    View details for DOI 10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-025931

    View details for Web of Science ID 000448517600015

  • Smallholder telecoupling and potential sustainability ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY Zimmerer, K. S., Lambin, E. F., Vanek, S. J. 2018; 23 (1)

    View details for DOI 10.5751/ES-09935-230130

    View details for Web of Science ID 000432464800035

  • Oil palm expansion in Cameroon: Insights into sustainability opportunities and challenges in Africa GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS Ordway, E. M., Naylor, R. L., Nkongho, R. N., Lambin, E. F. 2017; 47: 190–200

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.10.009

    View details for Web of Science ID 000418392300018

  • Cash for carbon: A randomized trial of payments for ecosystem services to reduce deforestation SCIENCE Jayachandran, S., De laat, J., Lambin, E. F., Stanton, C. Y., Audy, R., Thomas, N. E. 2017; 357 (6348): 267–73

    Abstract

    We evaluated a program of payments for ecosystem services in Uganda that offered forest-owning households annual payments of 70,000 Ugandan shillings per hectare if they conserved their forest. The program was implemented as a randomized controlled trial in 121 villages, 60 of which received the program for 2 years. The primary outcome was the change in land area covered by trees, measured by classifying high-resolution satellite imagery. We found that tree cover declined by 4.2% during the study period in treatment villages, compared to 9.1% in control villages. We found no evidence that enrollees shifted their deforestation to nearby land. We valued the delayed carbon dioxide emissions and found that this program benefit is 2.4 times as large as the program costs.

    View details for PubMedID 28729505

  • Interacting effects of land use and climate on rodent-borne pathogens in central Kenya PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Young, H. S., McCauley, D. J., Dirzo, R., Nunn, C. L., Campana, M. G., Agwanda, B., Otarola-Castillo, E. R., Castillo, E. R., Pringle, R. M., Veblen, K. E., Salkeld, D. J., Stewardson, K., Fleischer, R., Lambin, E. F., Palmer, T. M., Helgen, K. M. 2017; 372 (1722)

    Abstract

    Understanding the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on zoonotic disease risk is both a critical conservation objective and a public health priority. Here, we evaluate the effects of multiple forms of anthropogenic disturbance across a precipitation gradient on the abundance of pathogen-infected small mammal hosts in a multi-host, multi-pathogen system in central Kenya. Our results suggest that conversion to cropland and wildlife loss alone drive systematic increases in rodent-borne pathogen prevalence, but that pastoral conversion has no such systematic effects. The effects are most likely explained both by changes in total small mammal abundance, and by changes in relative abundance of a few high-competence species, although changes in vector assemblages may also be involved. Several pathogens responded to interactions between disturbance type and climatic conditions, suggesting the potential for synergistic effects of anthropogenic disturbance and climate change on the distribution of disease risk. Overall, these results indicate that conservation can be an effective tool for reducing abundance of rodent-borne pathogens in some contexts (e.g. wildlife loss alone); however, given the strong variation in effects across disturbance types, pathogen taxa and environmental conditions, the use of conservation as public health interventions will need to be carefully tailored to specific pathogens and human contexts.This article is part of the themed issue 'Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications'.

    View details for DOI 10.1098/rstb.2016.0116

    View details for Web of Science ID 000399956400001

    View details for PubMedID 28438909

  • Decentralized Land Use Zoning Reduces Large-scale Deforestation in a Major Agricultural Frontier ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS Nolte, C., Gobbi, B., de Waroux, Y. l., Piquer-Rodriguez, M., Butsic, V., Lambin, E. F. 2017; 136: 30-40

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.02.009

    View details for Web of Science ID 000397693100003

  • Deforestation risk due to commodity crop expansion in sub-Saharan Africa ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS Ordway, E. M., Asner, G. P., Lambin, E. F. 2017; 12 (4)

    View details for DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/aa6509

    View details for Web of Science ID 000398370600004

  • Conditions influencing the adoption of effective anti-deforestation policies in South America's commodity frontiers GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS Nolte, C., de Waroux, Y. l., Munger, J., Reis, T. N., Lambin, E. F. 2017; 43: 1-14

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.01.001

    View details for Web of Science ID 000398868900001

  • The Challenges of Applying Planetary Boundaries as a Basis for Strategic Decision-Making in Companies with Global Supply Chains SUSTAINABILITY Clift, R., Sim, S., King, H., Chenoweth, J. L., Christie, I., Clavreul, J., Mueller, C., Posthuma, L., Boulay, A., Chaplin-Kramer, R., Chatterton, J., DeClerck, F., Druckman, A., France, C., Franco, A., Gerten, D., Goedkoop, M., Hauschild, M. Z., Huijbregts, M. A., Koellner, T., Lambin, E. F., Lee, J., Mair, S., Marshall, S., McLachlan, M. S., Mila i Canals, L., Mitchell, C., Price, E., Rockstrom, J., Suckling, J., Murphy, R. 2017; 9 (2)

    View details for DOI 10.3390/su9020279

    View details for Web of Science ID 000395590500121

  • Corporate investments in supply chain sustainability: Selecting instruments in the agri-food industry JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION Rueda, X., Garrett, R. D., Lambin, E. F. 2017; 142: 2480-2492

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.026

    View details for Web of Science ID 000391516300009

  • Place attachment as a factor of mountain farming permanence: A survey in the French Southern Alps ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS Hinojosa, L., Lambin, E. F., Mzoughi, N., Napoleone, C. 2016; 130: 308-315

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.08.004

    View details for Web of Science ID 000383944800029

  • A plantation-dominated forest transition in Chile APPLIED GEOGRAPHY Heilmayr, R., Echeverria, C., Fuentes, R., Lambin, E. F. 2016; 75: 71-82

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2016.07.014

    View details for Web of Science ID 000384873900007

  • The potential to restore native woody plant richness and composition in a reforesting landscape: a modeling approach in the Ecuadorian Andes LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY Middendorp, R. S., Perez, A. J., Molina, A., Lambin, E. F. 2016; 31 (7): 1581-1599

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s10980-016-0340-7

    View details for Web of Science ID 000382906500012

  • Land-use policies and corporate investments in agriculture in the Gran Chaco and Chiquitano PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA de Waroux, Y. l., Garrett, R. D., Heilmayr, R., Lambin, E. F. 2016; 113 (15): 4021-4026

    Abstract

    Growing demand for agricultural commodities is causing the expansion of agricultural frontiers onto native vegetation worldwide. Agribusiness companies linking these frontiers to distant spaces of consumption through global commodity chains increasingly make zero-deforestation pledges. However, production and land conversion are often carried out by less-visible local and regional actors that are mobile and responsive to new agricultural expansion opportunities and legal constraints on land use. With more stringent deforestation regulations in some countries, we ask whether their movements are determined partly by differences in land-use policies, resulting in "deforestation havens." We analyze the determinants of investment decisions by agricultural companies in the Gran Chaco and Chiquitano, a region that has become the new deforestation "hot spot" in South America. We test whether companies seek out less-regulated forest areas for new agricultural investments. Based on interviews with 82 companies totaling 2.5 Mha of properties, we show that, in addition to proximity to current investments and the availability of cheap forestland, lower deforestation regulations attract investments by companies that tend to clear more forest, mostly cattle ranching operations, and that lower enforcement attracts all companies. Avoiding deforestation leakage requires harmonizing deforestation regulations across regions and commodities and promoting sustainable intensification in cattle ranching.

    View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1602646113

    View details for Web of Science ID 000373762400044

    View details for PubMedID 27035995

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4839429

  • The "mountain effect" in the abandonment of grasslands: Insights from the French Southern Alps AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT Hinojosa, L., Napoleone, C., Moulery, M., Lambin, E. F. 2016; 221: 115-124

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.agee.2016.01.032

    View details for Web of Science ID 000373649100013

  • Impacts of nonstate, market-driven governance on Chilean forests PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Heilmayr, R., Lambin, E. F. 2016; 113 (11): 2910-2915

    View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1600394113

    View details for Web of Science ID 000372014200047

  • International trade, and land use intensification and spatial reorganization explain Costa Rica's forest transition ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS Jadin, I., Meyfroidt, P., Lambin, E. F. 2016; 11 (3)

    View details for DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/035005

    View details for Web of Science ID 000373401400033

  • Forest cover changes in Bhutan: Revisiting the forest transition APPLIED GEOGRAPHY Bruggeman, D., Meyfroidt, P., Lambin, E. F. 2016; 67: 49-66

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.11.019

    View details for Web of Science ID 000370768500005

  • Forest protection and economic development by offshoring wood extraction: Bhutan's clean development path REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE Jadin, I., Meyfroidt, P., Lambin, E. F. 2016; 16 (2): 401-415

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s10113-014-0749-y

    View details for Web of Science ID 000369005400011

  • "I know, therefore I adapt?" Complexities of individual adaptation to climate-induced forest dieback in Alaska ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY Oakes, L. E., Ardoin, N. M., Lambin, E. F. 2016; 21 (2)

    View details for DOI 10.5751/ES-08464-210240

    View details for Web of Science ID 000380049100037

  • Reply to Levine-Schnur: Decisions to deforest illegally are influenced by fines and their perceived enforcement probability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America le Polain de Waroux, Y., Garrett, R. D., Heilmayr, R., Lambin, E. F. 2016; 113 (25): E3469

    View details for PubMedID 27303028

  • Conservation in a social-ecological system experiencing climate-induced tree mortality BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION Oakes, L. E., Hennon, P. E., Ardoin, N. M., D'Amore, D. V., Ferguson, A. J., Steel, E. A., Wittwer, D. T., Lambin, E. F. 2015; 192: 276-285

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.018

    View details for Web of Science ID 000366540600031

  • Ecosystem service information to benefit sustainability standards for commodity supply chains. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Chaplin-Kramer, R., Jonell, M., Guerry, A., Lambin, E. F., Morgan, A. J., Pennington, D., Smith, N., Franch, J. A., Polasky, S. 2015; 1355 (1): 77-97

    Abstract

    The growing base of information about ecosystem services generated by ecologists, economists, and other scientists could improve the implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of commodity-sourcing standards being adopted by corporations to mitigate risk in their supply chains and achieve sustainability goals. This review examines various ways that information about ecosystem services could facilitate compliance with and auditing of commodity-sourcing standards. We also identify gaps in the current state of knowledge on the ecological effectiveness of sustainability standards and demonstrate how ecosystem-service information could complement existing monitoring efforts to build credible evidence. This paper is a call to the ecosystem-service scientists to engage in this decision context and tailor the information they are generating to the needs of the standards community, which we argue would offer greater efficiency of standards implementation for producers and enhanced effectiveness for standard scheme owners and corporations, and should thus lead to more sustainable outcomes for people and nature.

    View details for DOI 10.1111/nyas.12961

    View details for PubMedID 26555859

  • Disease Risk & Landscape Attributes of Tick-Borne Borrelia Pathogens in the San Francisco Bay Area, California PLOS ONE Salkeld, D. J., Nieto, N. C., Carbajales-Dale, P., Carbajales-Dale, M., Cinkovich, S. S., Lambin, E. F. 2015; 10 (8)

    View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0134812

    View details for Web of Science ID 000360018600029

  • Effects of Land Use on Plague (Yersinia pestis) Activity in Rodents in Tanzania AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE McCauley, D. J., Salkeld, D. J., Young, H. S., Makundi, R., Dirzo, R., Eckerlin, R. P., Lambin, E. F., Gaffikin, L., Barry, M., Helgen, K. M. 2015; 92 (4): 776-783

    Abstract

    Understanding the effects of land-use change on zoonotic disease risk is a pressing global health concern. Here, we compare prevalence of Yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plague, in rodents across two land-use types-agricultural and conserved-in northern Tanzania. Estimated abundance of seropositive rodents nearly doubled in agricultural sites compared with conserved sites. This relationship between land-use type and abundance of seropositive rodents is likely mediated by changes in rodent and flea community composition, particularly via an increase in the abundance of the commensal species, Mastomys natalensis, in agricultural habitats. There was mixed support for rodent species diversity negatively impacting Y. pestis seroprevalence. Together, these results suggest that land-use change could affect the risk of local transmission of plague, and raise critical questions about transmission dynamics at the interface of conserved and agricultural habitats. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding disease ecology in the context of rapidly proceeding landscape change.

    View details for DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0504

    View details for Web of Science ID 000352828200018

    View details for PubMedID 25711606

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4385772

  • An agenda for assessing and improving conservation impacts of sustainability standards in tropical agriculture CONSERVATION BIOLOGY Milder, J. C., Arbuthnot, M., Blackman, A., Brooks, S. E., Giovannucci, D., Gross, L., Kennedy, E. T., Komives, K., Lambin, E. F., Lee, A., Meyer, D., Newton, P., Phalan, B., Schroth, G., Semroc, B., van Rikxoort, H., Zrust, M. 2015; 29 (2): 309-320

    Abstract

    Sustainability standards and certification serve to differentiate and provide market recognition to goods produced in accordance with social and environmental good practices, typically including practices to protect biodiversity. Such standards have seen rapid growth, including in tropical agricultural commodities such as cocoa, coffee, palm oil, soybeans, and tea. Given the role of sustainability standards in influencing land use in hotspots of biodiversity, deforestation, and agricultural intensification, much could be gained from efforts to evaluate and increase the conservation payoff of these schemes. To this end, we devised a systematic approach for monitoring and evaluating the conservation impacts of agricultural sustainability standards and for using the resulting evidence to improve the effectiveness of such standards over time. The approach is oriented around a set of hypotheses and corresponding research questions about how sustainability standards are predicted to deliver conservation benefits. These questions are addressed through data from multiple sources, including basic common information from certification audits; field monitoring of environmental outcomes at a sample of certified sites; and rigorous impact assessment research based on experimental or quasi-experimental methods. Integration of these sources can generate time-series data that are comparable across sites and regions and provide detailed portraits of the effects of sustainability standards. To implement this approach, we propose new collaborations between the conservation research community and the sustainability standards community to develop common indicators and monitoring protocols, foster data sharing and synthesis, and link research and practice more effectively. As the role of sustainability standards in tropical land-use governance continues to evolve, robust evidence on the factors contributing to effectiveness can help to ensure that such standards are designed and implemented to maximize benefits for biodiversity conservation.

    View details for DOI 10.1111/cobi.12411

    View details for Web of Science ID 000351353400002

    View details for PubMedID 25363833

  • Eco-certification and coffee cultivation enhance tree cover and forest connectivity in the Colombian coffee landscapes REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE Rueda, X., Thomas, N. E., Lambin, E. F. 2015; 15 (1): 25-33

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s10113-014-0607-y

    View details for Web of Science ID 000347286000003

  • Synchronous failure: the emerging causal architecture of global crisis ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY Homer-Dixon, T., Walker, B., Biggs, R., Crepin, A., Folke, C., Lambin, E. F., Peterson, G. D., Rockstoem, J., Scheffer, M., Steffen, W., Troell, M. 2015; 20 (3)

    View details for DOI 10.5751/ES-07681-200306

    View details for Web of Science ID 000362913100015

  • Disease Risk & Landscape Attributes of Tick-Borne Borrelia Pathogens in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. PloS one Salkeld, D. J., Nieto, N. C., Carbajales-Dale, P., Carbajales-Dale, M., Cinkovich, S. S., Lambin, E. F. 2015; 10 (8)

    Abstract

    Habitat heterogeneity influences pathogen ecology by affecting vector abundance and the reservoir host communities. We investigated spatial patterns of disease risk for two human pathogens in the Borrelia genus-B. burgdorferi and B. miyamotoi-that are transmitted by the western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus. We collected ticks (349 nymphs, 273 adults) at 20 sites in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA. Tick abundance, pathogen prevalence and density of infected nymphs varied widely across sites and habitat type, though nymphal western black-legged ticks were more frequently found, and were more abundant in coast live oak forest and desert/semi-desert scrub (dominated by California sagebrush) habitats. We observed Borrelia infections in ticks at all sites where we able to collect >10 ticks. The recently recognized human pathogen, B. miyamotoi, was observed at a higher prevalence (13/349 nymphs = 3.7%, 95% CI = 2.0-6.3; 5/273 adults = 1.8%, 95% CI = 0.6-4.2) than recent studies from nearby locations (Alameda County, east of the San Francisco Bay), demonstrating that tick-borne disease risk and ecology can vary substantially at small geographic scales, with consequences for public health and disease diagnosis.

    View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0134812

    View details for PubMedID 26288371

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4545583

  • Impacts of forest cover change on ecosystem services in high Andean mountains ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS Balthazar, V., Vanacker, V., Molina, A., Lambin, E. F. 2015; 48: 63-75

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.07.043

    View details for Web of Science ID 000347495100009

  • The effectiveness of marked-based instruments to foster the conservation of extensive land use: The case of Geographical Indications in the French Alps LAND USE POLICY Lamarque, P., Lambin, E. F. 2015; 42: 706-717

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.10.009

    View details for Web of Science ID 000347018700068

  • Production forests as a conservation tool: Effectiveness of Cameroon's land use zoning policy LAND USE POLICY Bruggeman, D., Meyfroidt, P., Lambin, E. F. 2015; 42: 151-164

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.07.012

    View details for Web of Science ID 000347018700016

  • Global assessment of urban and peri-urban agriculture: irrigated and rainfed croplands ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS Thebo, A. L., Drechsel, P., Lambin, E. F. 2014; 9 (11)

    View details for DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/114002

    View details for Web of Science ID 000346573900008

  • Effectiveness and synergies of policy instruments for land use governance in tropical regions GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS Lambin, E. F., Meyfroidt, P., Rueda, X., Blackman, A., Boerner, J., Cerutti, P. O., Dietsch, T., Jungmann, L., Lamarque, P., Lister, J., Walker, N. F., Wunder, S. 2014; 28: 129-140

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.06.007

    View details for Web of Science ID 000343839100012

  • Implementing REDD plus (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation): evidence on governance, evaluation and impacts from the REDD-ALERT project MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE Matthews, R. B., van Noordwijk, M., Lambin, E., Meyfroidt, P., Gupta, J., Verchot, L., Hergoualc'h, K., Veldkamp, E. 2014; 19 (6): 907-925

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s11027-014-9578-z

    View details for Web of Science ID 000339378500018

  • Agent-based modeling of hunting and subsistence agriculture on indigenous lands: Understanding interactions between social and ecological systems ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE Iwamura, T., Lambin, E. F., Silvius, K. M., Luzar, J. B., Fragoso, J. M. 2014; 58: 109-127

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.03.008

    View details for Web of Science ID 000338825800009

  • COMMENTARY: Climate engineering reconsidered NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE Barrett, S., Lenton, T. M., Millner, A., Tavoni, A., Carpenter, S., Anderies, J. M., Chapin, F. S., Crepin, A., Daily, G., Ehrlich, P., Folke, C., Galaz, V., Hughes, T., Kautsky, N., Lambin, E. F., Naylor, R., Nyborg, K., Polasky, S., Scheffer, M., Wilen, J., Xepapadeas, A., de Zeeuw, A. 2014; 4 (7): 527-529

    View details for Web of Science ID 000338837400005

  • Multiple pathways of commodity crop expansion in tropical forest landscapes ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS Meyfroidt, P., Carlson, K. M., Fagan, M. E., Gutierrez-Velez, V. H., Macedo, M. N., Curran, L. M., DeFries, R. S., Dyer, G. A., Gibbs, H. K., Lambin, E. F., Morton, D. C., Robiglio, V. 2014; 9 (7)

    View details for DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/7/074012

    View details for Web of Science ID 000341873200013

  • Beyond local climate: rainfall variability as a determinant of household nonfarm activities in contemporary rural Burkina Faso CLIMATE AND DEVELOPMENT D'haen, S. A., Nielsen, J. O., Lambin, E. F. 2014; 6 (2): 144-165

    View details for DOI 10.1080/17565529.2013.867246

    View details for Web of Science ID 000335088700006

  • Beyond local climate: rainfall variability as a determinant of household nonfarm activities in contemporary rural Burkina Faso Climate and Development D'Haen, S., Nielsen, J., Lambin, E. F. 2014: 1-22

    View details for DOI 10.1080/17565529.2013.867246

  • Significance of Telecoupling for Exploration of Land-Use Change 14th Ernst Strngmann Forum Eakin, H., DeFries, R., Kerr, S., Lambin, E. F., Liu, J., Marcotullio, P. J., Messerli, P., Reenberg, A., Rueda, X., Swaffield, S. R., Wicke, B., Zimmerer, K. MIT PRESS. 2014: 141–161

    View details for Web of Science ID 000348849200008

  • Trends in Global Land-Use Competition 14th Ernst Strngmann Forum Lambin, E. F., Meyfroidt, P. MIT PRESS. 2014: 11–22

    View details for Web of Science ID 000348849200002

  • Scenarios on future land changes in the West African Sahel GEOGRAFISK TIDSSKRIFT-DANISH JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY Lambin, E. F., D'haen, S. A., Mertz, O., Nielsen, J. O., Rasmussen, K. 2014; 114 (1): 76-83

    View details for DOI 10.1080/00167223.2014.878229

    View details for Web of Science ID 000332185100007

  • Global agriculture and land use changes in the 21st century: Achieving a balance between food security, urban diets and nature conservation The Evolving Sphere of Food Security (in press) Rueda, X., Lambin, E. F. edited by Naylor, R. Oxford University Press. 2014
  • Estimating the world's potentially available cropland using a bottom-up approach GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS Lambin, E. F., Gibbs, H. K., Ferreira, L., Grau, R., Mayaux, P., Meyfroidt, P., MORTON, D. C., Rudel, T. K., Gasparri, I., Munger, J. 2013; 23 (5): 892-901

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.005

    View details for Web of Science ID 000328179400008

  • Globalization's unexpected impact on soybean production in South America: linkages between preferences for non-genetically modified crops, eco-certifications, and land use ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS Garrett, R. D., Rueda, X., Lambin, E. F. 2013; 8 (4)

    View details for DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/044055

    View details for Web of Science ID 000329604900062

  • Globalization of land use: distant drivers of land change and geographic displacement of land use CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Meyfroidt, P., Lambin, E. F., Erb, K., Hertel, T. W. 2013; 5 (5): 438-444

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cosust.2013.04.003

    View details for Web of Science ID 000325843700002

  • The new economic geography of land use change: Supply chain configurations and land use in the Brazilian Amazon LAND USE POLICY Garrett, R. D., Lambin, E. F., Naylor, R. L. 2013; 34: 265-275

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.03.011

    View details for Web of Science ID 000320971800027

  • Niche Commodities and Rural Poverty Alleviation: Contextualizing the Contribution of Argan Oil to Rural Livelihoods in Morocco ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS de Waroux, Y. l., Lambin, E. F. 2013; 103 (3): 589-607

    View details for DOI 10.1080/00045608.2012.720234

    View details for Web of Science ID 000317837800009

  • Land institutions and supply chain configurations as determinants of soybean planted area and yields in Brazil LAND USE POLICY Garrett, R. D., Lambin, E. F., Naylor, R. L. 2013; 31: 385-396

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.08.002

    View details for Web of Science ID 000313318000039

  • Linking Globalization to Local Land Uses: How Eco-Consumers and Gourmands are Changing the Colombian Coffee Landscapes WORLD DEVELOPMENT Rueda, X., Lambin, E. F. 2013; 41: 286-301

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.05.018

    View details for Web of Science ID 000314016800020

  • Responding to Globalization: Impacts of Certification on Colombian Small-Scale Coffee Growers ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY Rueda, X., Lambin, E. F. 2013; 18 (3)

    View details for DOI 10.5751/ES-05595-180321

    View details for Web of Science ID 000325521300016

  • Global land use competition Rethinking Global Land Use in an Urban Era Lambin, E. F., Meyfroidt, P. edited by Seto, K., Reenberg, A. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. 2013
  • Niche commodities and rural poverty alleviation: Contextualizing the contribution of argan oil to rural livelihoods in Morocco Annals of Association of American Geographers Le Polain de Waroux, Y., Lambin, E. F. 2013; 103: 589-607
  • Framing Sustainability in a Telecoupled World ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY Liu, J., Hull, V., Batistella, M., DeFries, R., Dietz, T., Fu, F., Hertel, T. W., Izaurralde, R. C., Lambin, E. F., Li, S., Martinelli, L. A., McConnell, W. J., Moran, E. F., Naylor, R., Ouyang, Z., Polenske, K. R., Reenberg, A., Rocha, G. d., Simmons, C. S., Verburg, P. H., Vitousek, P. M., Zhang, F., Zhu, C. 2013; 18 (2)

    View details for DOI 10.5751/ES-05873-180226

    View details for Web of Science ID 000321257100044

  • Responding to globalization: the case of coffee certification in Colombia Ecology and Society Rueda, X., Lambin, E. F. 2013; 18 (3)
  • Global land availability: Malthus versus Ricardo GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT Lambin, E. F. 2012; 1 (2): 83-87

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gfs.2012.11.002

    View details for Web of Science ID 000209593800002

  • Scenarios of transmission risk of foot-and-mouth with climatic, social and landscape changes in southern Africa APPLIED GEOGRAPHY Dion, E., Lambin, E. F. 2012; 35 (1-2): 32-42

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.05.001

    View details for Web of Science ID 000313380200004

  • The nature and causes of the global water crisis: Syndromes from a meta-analysis of coupled human-water studies WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH Srinivasan, V., Lambin, E. F., Gorelick, S. M., Thompson, B. H., Rozelle, S. 2012; 48

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2011WR011087

    View details for Web of Science ID 000309608800001

  • Trade-offs between tree cover, carbon storage and floristic biodiversity in reforesting landscapes LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY Hall, J. M., Van Holt, T., Daniels, A. E., Balthazar, V., Lambin, E. F. 2012; 27 (8): 1135-1147

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s10980-012-9755-y

    View details for Web of Science ID 000308329200005

  • Evaluation and parameterization of ATCOR3 topographic correction method for forest cover mapping in mountain areas INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION Balthazar, V., Vanacker, V., Lambin, E. F. 2012; 18: 436-450

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jag.2012.03.010

    View details for Web of Science ID 000306198900041

  • Planetary Opportunities: A Social Contract for Global Change Science to Contribute to a Sustainable Future BIOSCIENCE DeFries, R. S., Ellis, E. C., Chapin, F. S., Matson, P. A., Turner, B. L., Agrawal, A., Crutzen, P. J., Field, C., Gleick, P., Kareiva, P. M., Lambin, E., Liverman, D., Ostrom, E., Sanchez, P. A., Syvitski, J. 2012; 62 (6): 603-606

    View details for DOI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.6.11

    View details for Web of Science ID 000305262500011

  • Monitoring degradation in arid and semi-arid forests and woodlands: The case of the argan woodlands (Morocco) APPLIED GEOGRAPHY de Waroux, Y. l., Lambin, E. F. 2012; 32 (2): 777-786

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.08.005

    View details for Web of Science ID 000298362400054

  • Global land availability: Malthus versus Ricardo Global Food Security Lambin, E. F. 2012; 1: 83-87
  • An Ecology of Happiness (originally published as Une Ecologie de Bonheur) Lambin , E., Fagan (translator), T. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 2012
  • Malnutrition and conflict in Eastern Africa: Impacts of resource variability on human security Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict: Challenges for Societal Stability Rowhani , P., Degomme , O., Guha-Sapir, D., Lambin , E. F. edited by Scheffran, J., Brzoska, M., Brauch, H. G., Link, P. M., Schilling, J. Springer. 2012: 559–572
  • Monitoring degradation in arid and semi-arid forests and woodlands: the case of the argan woodlands (Morocco) Applied Geography Le Polain de Waroux, Y., Lambin, E. F. 2012; 32: 777-786
  • Remotely sensed surface water extent as an indicator of short-term changes in ecohydrological processes in sub-Saharan Western Africa REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT Haas, E. M., Bartholome, E., Lambin, E. F., Vanacker, V. 2011; 115 (12): 3436-3445

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.007

    View details for Web of Science ID 000298311300039

  • Tipping Toward Sustainability: Emerging Pathways of Transformation AMBIO Westley, F., Olsson, P., Folke, C., Homer-Dixon, T., Vredenburg, H., Loorbach, D., Thompson, J., Nilsson, M., Lambin, E., Sendzimir, J., Banerjee, B., Galaz, V., van der Leeuw, S. 2011; 40 (7): 762-780

    Abstract

    This article explores the links between agency, institutions, and innovation in navigating shifts and large-scale transformations toward global sustainability. Our central question is whether social and technical innovations can reverse the trends that are challenging critical thresholds and creating tipping points in the earth system, and if not, what conditions are necessary to escape the current lock-in. Large-scale transformations in information technology, nano- and biotechnology, and new energy systems have the potential to significantly improve our lives; but if, in framing them, our globalized society fails to consider the capacity of the biosphere, there is a risk that unsustainable development pathways may be reinforced. Current institutional arrangements, including the lack of incentives for the private sector to innovate for sustainability, and the lags inherent in the path dependent nature of innovation, contribute to lock-in, as does our incapacity to easily grasp the interactions implicit in complex problems, referred to here as the ingenuity gap. Nonetheless, promising social and technical innovations with potential to change unsustainable trajectories need to be nurtured and connected to broad institutional resources and responses. In parallel, institutional entrepreneurs can work to reduce the resilience of dominant institutional systems and position viable shadow alternatives and niche regimes.

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s13280-011-0186-9

    View details for Web of Science ID 000298500100004

    View details for PubMedID 22338714

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3357751

  • Rapid land use change after socio-economic disturbances: the collapse of the Soviet Union versus Chernobyl ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS Hostert, P., Kuemmerle, T., Prishchepov, A., Sieber, A., Lambin, E. F., Radeloff, V. C. 2011; 6 (4)

    View details for DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045201

    View details for Web of Science ID 000298674700039

  • The landscape epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in South Africa: A spatially explicit multi-agent simulation ECOLOGICAL MODELLING Dion, E., VanSchalkwyk, L., Lambin, E. F. 2011; 222 (13): 2059-2072

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.03.026

    View details for Web of Science ID 000292581400004

  • Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Lambin, E. F., Meyfroidt, P. 2011; 108 (9): 3465-3472

    Abstract

    A central challenge for sustainability is how to preserve forest ecosystems and the services that they provide us while enhancing food production. This challenge for developing countries confronts the force of economic globalization, which seeks cropland that is shrinking in availability and triggers deforestation. Four mechanisms-the displacement, rebound, cascade, and remittance effects-that are amplified by economic globalization accelerate land conversion. A few developing countries have managed a land use transition over the recent decades that simultaneously increased their forest cover and agricultural production. These countries have relied on various mixes of agricultural intensification, land use zoning, forest protection, increased reliance on imported food and wood products, the creation of off-farm jobs, foreign capital investments, and remittances. Sound policies and innovations can therefore reconcile forest preservation with food production. Globalization can be harnessed to increase land use efficiency rather than leading to uncontrolled land use expansion. To do so, land systems should be understood and modeled as open systems with large flows of goods, people, and capital that connect local land use with global-scale factors.

    View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1100480108

    View details for Web of Science ID 000287844400010

    View details for PubMedID 21321211

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3048112

  • Malnutrition and conflict in East Africa: the impacts of resource variability on human security CLIMATIC CHANGE Rowhani, P., Degomme, O., Guha-Sapir, D., Lambin, E. F. 2011; 105 (1-2): 207-222

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s10584-010-9884-8

    View details for Web of Science ID 000287508700010

  • Adaptation strategies and climate vulnerability in the Sudano-Sahelian region of West Africa ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS Mertz, O., Mbow, C., Reenberg, A., Genesio, L., Lambin, E. F., D'haen, S., Zorom, M., Rasmussen, K., Diallo, D., Barbier, B., Moussa, I. B., Diouf, A., Nielsen, J. O., Sandholt, I. 2011; 12 (1): 104-108

    View details for DOI 10.1002/asl.314

    View details for Web of Science ID 000287816700017

  • Between Land and Sea: Livelihoods and Environmental Changes in Mangrove Ecosystems of Senegal ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS Conchedda, G., Lambin, E. F., Mayaux, P. 2011; 101 (6): 1259-1284

    View details for DOI 10.1080/00045608.2011.579534

    View details for Web of Science ID 000299258500005

  • Protéger l’environnement pour protéger son bonheur Psychologie positive: Le Bonheur dans tous ses états Lambin, E. F. Editions Jouvence, Paris. 2011: 102–115
  • Adaptation strategies and climate vulnerability in the Sudano-Sahelian region of West Africa Atmospheric Science Letters C., Mertz O. Mbow, A., Reenberg, L., Genesio, F., Lambin E., S., D'haen, M., Zorom, K., Rasmussen, D., Diallo, B., Barbier, I., Bouzou Moussa, A., Diouf, O., Nielsen J., I., Sandholt 2011; 12: 104-108
  • Climate variability, malnutrition, and armed conflicts in the Horn of Africa Climatic change Rowhani, P., Degomme, O., Guha-Sapir, D., Lambin, E. F. 2011; 105 (2): 207-222
  • Tipping towards sustainability: Emerging pathways of transformation Ambio F., Westley, P., Olsson, C., Folke, T., Homer-Dixon, H., Vredenburg, D., Loorbach, J., Thompson, M., Nilsson, E.F., Lambin, J., Senzimir, V., Galaz, van der Leeuw S. 2011; 40: 762-780
  • Global interannual variability in terrestrial ecosystems using MODIS-derived vegetation indices, social, and biophysical factors International Journal of Remote Sensing P., Rowhani, M., Linderman, F., Lambin E. 2011; 32: 5393-5411
  • Between land and sea: livelihoods and environmental changes in mangrove ecosystems of Senegal, Annals of the Association of American Geographers Conchedda G., Lambin E.F.and Mayaux P. 2011; 101: 1259-1284
  • Remotely sensed surface water extent as an indicator of short-term changes in ecohydrological processes in sub-Saharan Western Africa Remote Sensing of Environment E., Haas, E., Bartholomé, F., Lambin E., V., Vanacker 2011; 115: 3436-3445
  • Global interannual variability in terrestrial ecosystems: sources and spatial distribution using MODIS-derived vegetation indices, social and biophysical factors INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING Rowhani, P., Linderman, M., Lambin, E. F. 2011; 32 (19): 5393-5411

    View details for DOI 10.1080/01431161.2010.501042

    View details for Web of Science ID 000298369400006

  • Global Forest Transition: Prospects for an End to Deforestation ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 36 Meyfroidt, P., Lambin, E. F. 2011; 36: 343-371

    View details for DOI 10.1146/annurev-environ-090710-143732

    View details for Web of Science ID 000299610900014

  • Forest transitions, trade, and the global displacement of land use PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Meyfroidt, P., Rudel, T. K., Lambin, E. F. 2010; 107 (49): 20917-20922

    Abstract

    Reducing tropical deforestation is an international priority, given its impacts on carbon emissions and biodiversity. We examined whether recent forest transitions--a shift from net deforestation to net reforestation--involved a geographic displacement of forest clearing across countries through trade in agricultural and forest products. In most of the seven developing countries that recently experienced a forest transition, displacement of land use abroad accompanied local reforestation. Additional global land-use change embodied in their net wood trade offset 74% of their total reforested area. Because the reforesting countries continued to export more agricultural goods than they imported, this net displacement offset 22% of their total reforested area when both agriculture and forestry sectors are included. However, this net displacement increased to 52% during the last 5 y. These countries thus have contributed to a net global reforestation and/or decrease in the pressure on forests, but this global environmental benefit has been shrinking during recent years. The net decrease in the pressure on forests does not account for differences in their ecological quality. Assessments of the impacts of international policies aimed at reducing global deforestation should integrate international trade in agricultural and forest commodities.

    View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1014773107

    View details for Web of Science ID 000285050800016

    View details for PubMedID 21078977

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3000287

  • Pathogenic landscapes: Interactions between land, people, disease vectors, and their animal hosts INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS Lambin, E. F., Tran, A., Vanwambeke, S. O., Linard, C., Soti, V. 2010; 9

    Abstract

    Landscape attributes influence spatial variations in disease risk or incidence. We present a review of the key findings from eight case studies that we conducted in Europe and West Africa on the impact of land changes on emerging or re-emerging vector-borne diseases and/or zoonoses. The case studies concern West Nile virus transmission in Senegal, tick-borne encephalitis incidence in Latvia, sandfly abundance in the French Pyrenees, Rift Valley Fever in the Ferlo (Senegal), West Nile Fever and the risk of malaria re-emergence in the Camargue, and rodent-borne Puumala hantavirus and Lyme borreliosis in Belgium.We identified general principles governing landscape epidemiology in these diverse disease systems and geographic regions. We formulated ten propositions that are related to landscape attributes, spatial patterns and habitat connectivity, pathways of pathogen transmission between vectors and hosts, scale issues, land use and ownership, and human behaviour associated with transmission cycles.A static view of the "pathogenecity" of landscapes overlays maps of the spatial distribution of vectors and their habitats, animal hosts carrying specific pathogens and their habitat, and susceptible human hosts and their land use. A more dynamic view emphasizing the spatial and temporal interactions between these agents at multiple scales is more appropriate. We also highlight the complementarity of the modelling approaches used in our case studies. Integrated analyses at the landscape scale allows a better understanding of interactions between changes in ecosystems and climate, land use and human behaviour, and the ecology of vectors and animal hosts of infectious agents.

    View details for DOI 10.1186/1476-072X-9-54

    View details for Web of Science ID 000284094300001

    View details for PubMedID 20979609

  • Landscape Predictors of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Latvia: Land Cover, Land Use, and Land Ownership VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES Vanwambeke, S. O., Sumilo, D., Bormane, A., Lambin, E. F., Randolph, S. E. 2010; 10 (5): 497-506

    Abstract

    Although the presence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus circulating in tick populations depends on large-scale patterns of climate, and the local density of infected ticks depends on the abundance of mammalian hosts, the risk of human infection depends on the access and use by human populations of tick-infested habitats, particularly forests, at the landscape level. We investigated the incidence of reported TBE cases in rural parishes (i.e., municipalities) in Latvia. The following major characteristics of parishes were considered: whether their environment is suitable for tick and tick-host populations (depending on land cover); whether the local human population is likely to enter the forest on a regular base (depending on land use); and whether the spatial distributions of these two aspects are likely to intersect, through access rules (as a function of land ownership). The results indicated that all three aspects are important in explaining and predicting the spatial distribution of TBE cases in the rural areas of Latvia. The concept of landscape is here given new depth by consideration of its physical structure, its use by human populations, and its accessibility as modulated by ownership.

    View details for DOI 10.1089/vbz.2009.0116

    View details for Web of Science ID 000278980100011

    View details for PubMedID 19877818

  • Solutions to environmental threats. Scientific American Daily, G. C., Howarth, R., Vaccari, D., Morris, A. C., Lambin, E. F., Doney, S. C., Gleick, P. H., Fahey, D. W. 2010; 302 (4): 58-60

    View details for PubMedID 20349575

  • Land use transitions: Socio-ecological feedback versus socio-economic change LAND USE POLICY Lambin, E. F., Meyfroidt, P. 2010; 27 (2): 108-118

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.09.003

    View details for Web of Science ID 000273110500003

  • Landscape predictors of tick-borne encephalitis in Latvia: land cover, land use and land ownership Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases O., Vanwambeke S., D., Sumilo, A., Bormane, F., Lambin E., E., Randolph S. 2010; 10: 497-506
  • De l’Holocène à l’Anthropocène Plaidoyer pour la culture scientifique Lambin, E. F. Universcience éditions et les Editions Le Pommier. 2010: 92–108
  • Land use transitions: Ecological feedback versus exogenous socio-economic dynamics Land Use Policy Lambin, E. F., Meyfroidt, P. 2010; 27: 108-118
  • Agricultural intensification and changes in cultivated areas, 1970-2005 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Rudel, T. K., Schneider, L., Uriarte, M., Turner, B. L., DeFries, R., Lawrence, D., Geoghegan, J., Hecht, S., Ickowitz, A., Lambin, E. F., Birkenholtz, T., Baptista, S., Grau, R. 2009; 106 (49): 20675-20680

    Abstract

    Does the intensification of agriculture reduce cultivated areas and, in so doing, spare some lands by concentrating production on other lands? Such sparing is important for many reasons, among them the enhanced abilities of released lands to sequester carbon and provide other environmental services. Difficulties measuring the extent of spared land make it impossible to investigate fully the hypothesized causal chain from agricultural intensification to declines in cultivated areas and then to increases in spared land. We analyze the historical circumstances in which rising yields have been accompanied by declines in cultivated areas, thereby leading to land-sparing. We use national-level United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization data on trends in cropland from 1970-2005, with particular emphasis on the 1990-2005 period, for 10 major crop types. Cropland has increased more slowly than population during this period, but paired increases in yields and declines in cropland occurred infrequently, both globally and nationally. Agricultural intensification was not generally accompanied by decline or stasis in cropland area at a national scale during this time period, except in countries with grain imports and conservation set-aside programs. Future projections of cropland abandonment and ensuing environmental services cannot be assumed without explicit policy intervention.

    View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.0812540106

    View details for Web of Science ID 000272553000025

    View details for PubMedID 19955435

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2791618

  • A safe operating space for humanity NATURE Rockstrom, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, A., Chapin, F. S., Lambin, E. F., Lenton, T. M., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H. J., Nykvist, B., de Wit, C. A., Hughes, T., van der Leeuw, S., Rodhe, H., Sorlin, S., Snyder, P. K., Costanza, R., Svedin, U., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Corell, R. W., Fabry, V. J., Hansen, J., Walker, B., Liverman, D., Richardson, K., Crutzen, P., Foley, J. A. 2009; 461 (7263): 472-475

    View details for DOI 10.1038/461472a

    View details for Web of Science ID 000270082900020

    View details for PubMedID 19779433

  • Forest transition in Vietnam and displacement of deforestation abroad PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Meyfroidt, P., Lambin, E. F. 2009; 106 (38): 16139-16144

    Abstract

    In some countries across the globe, tropical forest cover is increasing. The national-scale reforestation of Vietnam since 1992 is assumed to contribute to this recovery. It is achieved, however, by the displacement of forest extraction to other countries on the order of 49 (34-70) M m(3), or approximately 39% of the regrowth of Vietnam's forests from 1987 to 2006. Approximately half of wood imports to Vietnam during this period were illegal. Leakage due to policies restricting forest exploitation and displacement due to growing domestic consumption and exports contributed respectively to an estimated 58% and 42% of total displacement. Exports of wood products from Vietnam also grew rapidly, amounting to 84% of the displacement, which is a remarkable feature of the forest transition in Vietnam. Attribution of the displacement and corresponding forest extraction to Vietnam, the source countries or the final consumers is thus debatable. Sixty-one percent of the regrowth in Vietnam was, thus, not associated with displacement abroad. Policies allocating credits to countries for reducing deforestation and forest degradation should monitor illegal timber trade and take into account the policy-induced leakage of wood extraction to other countries.

    View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.0904942106

    View details for Web of Science ID 000270071600028

    View details for PubMedID 19805270

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2752536

  • Risk of Malaria Reemergence in Southern France: Testing Scenarios with a Multiagent Simulation Model ECOHEALTH Linard, C., Poncon, N., Fontenille, D., Lambin, E. F. 2009; 6 (1): 135-147

    Abstract

    The Camargue, a region in southern France, is considered a potential site for malaria reemergence. All the suitable factors of the disease transmission system are present -- competent mosquito vectors, habitats for their breeding, and susceptible people -- except for the parasite. The objective of this study was to test potential drivers of malaria reemergence in this system after possible changes in biological attributes of vectors, agricultural practices, land use, tourism activities, and climate. Scenarios of plausible futures were formulated and then simulated using a spatially explicit and dynamic multiagent simulation: the MALCAM model. Scenarios were developed by varying the value of model inputs. Model outputs were compared based on the contact rate between people and potential malaria vectors, and the number of new infections in case of reintroduction of the parasite in the region. Model simulations showed that the risk of malaria reemergence is low in the Camargue. If the disease would reemerge, it would be the result of a combination of unfavorable conditions: introduction of a large population of infectious people or mosquitoes, combined with high levels of people-vector contacts resulting from significant changes in land use, tourism activities, agricultural policies, biological evolution of mosquitoes, and climate changes. The representation in the MALCAM model of interactions and feedbacks between different agents, and between agents and their environment, led in some cases to counterintuitive results. Results from scenario analyses can help local public health authorities in policy formulation.

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s10393-009-0236-y

    View details for Web of Science ID 000270837100017

    View details for PubMedID 19449076

  • A multi-agent simulation to assess the risk of malaria re-emergence in southern France ECOLOGICAL MODELLING Linard, C., Poncon, N., Fontenille, D., Lambin, E. F. 2009; 220 (2): 160-174

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.09.001

    View details for Web of Science ID 000262122800007

  • Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity Ecology and Society Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, Å., Chapin, F., Lambin, E., Lenton, T.M., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H., Wit, C. A. De, Hughes, T., der Leeuw, S. Van, Rodhe, H., Sörlin, S., Snyder, P. K., Costanza, R., Svedin, U., Falkenmark, M., Corell, LR. W. 2009; 14
  • Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY Rockstrom, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, A., Chapin, F. S., Lambin, E., Lenton, T. M., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H. J., Nykvist, B., de Wit, C. A., Hughes, T., van der Leeuw, S., Rodhe, H., Sorlin, S., Snyder, P. K., Costanza, R., Svedin, U., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Corell, R. W., Fabry, V. J., Hansen, J., Walker, B., Liverman, D., Richardson, K., Crutzen, P., Foley, J. 2009; 14 (2)

    View details for Web of Science ID 000278707200010

  • Agricultural intensification and changes in cultivated areas, 1970-2005 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Rudel, T. K., Schneider, L. C., Uriarte, M., Tuner, II, B. L., DeFries, R., Lawrence, D., Geoghegan, J., Hecht, S., Ickowitz, A., Lambin, E. F., Birkenholtz, T., Baptista, S., Grau, R. 2009; 106: 20675-20680
  • What are the Final Land Limits? Biofuels: Environmental Consequences and Interactions with Changing Land Use Bustamante, M. C., Melillo, J., Connor, D. J., Hardy, Y., Lambin, E. F., Lotze-Campen, H., Ravindranath, N. H., Searchinger, T., Tschirley, J., Watson, H. edited by Howarth, R. W., Bringezu, S. 2009
  • Forest transition in Vietnam and displacement of wood extraction abroad Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Meyfroidt, P., Lambin, E. F. 2009; 106
  • Forest transition in Vietnam and Bhutan: causes and environmental impacts Reforesting landscapes: Linking patterns and processes Meyfroidt, P., Lambin, E. F. edited by Nagendra, H., Southworth, J. Springer. 2009
  • The spatial dynamics of deforestation and agent use in the Amazon Applied Geography R., Lorena, F., Lambin E. 2009; 29: 171-181
  • A multi-agent simulation to assess the risk of malalaria re-emergence in southern France Ecological Modelling C., Linard, N., Ponçon, D., Fontenille, F., Lambin E. 2009; 220: 160-174
  • Scenarios of the risk of malaria re-emergence in southern France Ecohealth C., Linard, N., Ponçon, D., Fontenille, F., Lambin E. 2009; 6: 135-147
  • A safe operating space for humanity Nature, J., Rockström, W., Steffen, K., Noone, A., Persson, III, Chapin F. S., E.F., Lambin, T.M., Lenton, M., Scheffer, C., Folke, J., Schellnhuber, B., Nykvist, de Wit C., T., Hughes, van der Leeuw S., S., Sörlin, R., Costanza, U., Svedin, M., Falkenmark, R., Corell, J., Hansen 2009; 461: 472-475
  • Livestock Subsidies and Rangeland Degradation in Central Crete Ecology and Society Lorent, H., Sonnenschein, R., Tsiourlis, G. M., Hostert, P., Lambin, E. F. 2009; 14: 41
  • Variability in energy influences avian distribution patterns across the USA ECOSYSTEMS Rowhani, P., Lepczyk, C. A., Linderman, M. A., Pidgeon, A. M., Radeloff, V. C., Culbert, P. D., Lambin, E. F. 2008; 11 (6): 854-867

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s10021-008-9165-9

    View details for Web of Science ID 000259564600003

  • Forest transition in Vietnam and its environmental impacts GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY Meyfroidt, P., Lambin, E. F. 2008; 14 (6): 1319-1336

    View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01575.x

    View details for Web of Science ID 000255707200010

  • The causes of the reforestation in Vietnam LAND USE POLICY Meyfroidt, P., Lambin, E. F. 2008; 25 (2): 182-197

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2007.06.001

    View details for Web of Science ID 000253622700004

  • Land degradation and economic conditions of agricultural households in a marginal region of northern Greece Global and Planetary Change H., Lorent, C., Evangelou, M., Stellmes, J., Hill, V., Papanastasis, G., Tsiourlis, A., Roeder, F., Lambin E. 2008; 64: 198-209
  • Categorization of land-cover change processes based on phenological indicators extracted from time series of vegetation index data International Journal of Remote Sensing F., Lupo, M., Linderman, V., Vanacker, E., Bartholomé, F., Lambin E. 2008; 28: 2469-2483
  • Forest transition in Vietnam and its environmental impacts Global Change Biology P., Meyfroidt, F., Lambin E. 2008; 14: 1-18
  • Causes of the reforestation in Vietnam Land Use Policy P., Meyfroidt, F., Lambin E. 2008; 25: 182-197
  • Variability in energy influences avian distribution patterns across the USA Ecosystems P., Rowhani, A., Lepczyk C., M., Linderman, M., Pidgeon A., C., Radeloff V., D., Culbert P., F., Lambin E. 2008; 11: 854-867
  • The emergence of land change science for global environmental change and sustainability PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Turner, B. L., Lambin, E. F., Reenberg, A. 2007; 104 (52): 20666-20671

    Abstract

    Land change science has emerged as a fundamental component of global environmental change and sustainability research. This interdisciplinary field seeks to understand the dynamics of land cover and land use as a coupled human-environment system to address theory, concepts, models, and applications relevant to environmental and societal problems, including the intersection of the two. The major components and advances in land change are addressed: observation and monitoring; understanding the coupled system-causes, impacts, and consequences; modeling; and synthesis issues. The six articles of the special feature are introduced and situated within these components of study.

    View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.0704119104

    View details for Web of Science ID 000252077400011

    View details for PubMedID 18093934

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2409212

  • Environmental conditions and Puumala virus transmission in Belgium INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS Linard, C., Tersago, K., Leirs, H., Lambin, E. F. 2007; 6

    Abstract

    Non-vector-borne zoonoses such as Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) can be transmitted directly, by physical contact between infected and susceptible hosts, or indirectly, with the environment as an intermediate. The objective of this study is to better understand the causal link between environmental features and PUUV prevalence in bank vole population in Belgium, and hence with transmission risk to humans. Our hypothesis was that environmental conditions controlling the direct and indirect transmission paths differ, such that the risk of transmission to humans is not only determined by host abundance. We explored the relationship between, on one hand, environmental variables and, on the other hand, host abundance, PUUV prevalence in the host, and human cases of nephropathia epidemica (NE). Statistical analyses were carried out on 17 field sites situated in Belgian broadleaf forests.Linear regressions showed that landscape attributes, particularly landscape configuration, influence the abundance of hosts in broadleaf forests. Based on logistic regressions, we show that PUUV prevalence among bank voles is more linked to variables favouring the survival of the virus in the environment, and thus the indirect transmission: low winter temperatures are strongly linked to prevalence among bank voles, and high soil moisture is linked to the number of NE cases among humans. The transmission risk to humans therefore depends on the efficiency of the indirect transmission path. Human risk behaviours, such as the propensity for people to go in forest areas that best support the virus, also influence the number of human cases.The transmission risk to humans of non-vector-borne zoonoses such as PUUV depends on a combination of various environmental factors. To understand the complex causal pathways between the environment and disease risk, one should distinguish between environmental factors related to the abundance of hosts such as land-surface attributes, landscape configuration, and climate - i.e., host ecology, - and environmental factors related to PUUV prevalence, mainly winter temperatures and soil moisture - i.e., virus ecology. Beyond a threshold abundance of hosts, environmental factors favouring the indirect transmission path (soil and climate) can better predict the number of NE cases among humans than factors influencing the abundance of hosts.

    View details for DOI 10.1186/1476-072X-6-55

    View details for Web of Science ID 000258212100001

    View details for PubMedID 18078526

  • Global desertification: Building a science for dryland development SCIENCE Reynolds, J. F., Stafford Smith, D. M., Lambin, E. F., Turner, B. L., Mortimore, M., Batterbury, S. P., Downing, T. E., Dowlatabadi, H., Fernandez, R. J., Herrick, J. E., Huber-Sannwald, E., Jiang, H., Leemans, R., Lynam, T., Maestre, F. T., Ayarza, M., Walker, B. 2007; 316 (5826): 847-851

    Abstract

    In this millennium, global drylands face a myriad of problems that present tough research, management, and policy challenges. Recent advances in dryland development, however, together with the integrative approaches of global change and sustainability science, suggest that concerns about land degradation, poverty, safeguarding biodiversity, and protecting the culture of 2.5 billion people can be confronted with renewed optimism. We review recent lessons about the functioning of dryland ecosystems and the livelihood systems of their human residents and introduce a new synthetic framework, the Drylands Development Paradigm (DDP). The DDP, supported by a growing and well-documented set of tools for policy and management action, helps navigate the inherent complexity of desertification and dryland development, identifying and synthesizing those factors important to research, management, and policy communities.

    View details for DOI 10.1126/science.1131634

    View details for Web of Science ID 000246369800027

    View details for PubMedID 17495163

  • Determinants of the geographic distribution of Puumala virus and Lyme borreliosis infections in Belgium INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS Linard, C., Lamarque, P., Heyman, P., Ducoffre, G., Luyasu, V., Tersago, K., Vanwambeke, S. O., Lambin, E. F. 2007; 6

    Abstract

    Vector-borne and zoonotic diseases generally display clear spatial patterns due to different space-dependent factors. Land cover and land use influence disease transmission by controlling both the spatial distribution of vectors or hosts, and the probability of contact with susceptible human populations. The objective of this study was to combine environmental and socio-economic factors to explain the spatial distribution of two emerging human diseases in Belgium, Puumala virus (PUUV) and Lyme borreliosis. Municipalities were taken as units of analysis.Negative binomial regressions including a correction for spatial endogeneity show that the spatial distribution of PUUV and Lyme borreliosis infections are associated with a combination of factors linked to the vector and host populations, to human behaviours, and to landscape attributes. Both diseases are associated with the presence of forests, which are the preferred habitat for vector or host populations. The PUUV infection risk is higher in remote forest areas, where the level of urbanisation is low, and among low-income populations. The Lyme borreliosis transmission risk is higher in mixed landscapes with forests and spatially dispersed houses, mostly in wealthy peri-urban areas. The spatial dependence resulting from a combination of endogenous and exogenous processes could be accounted for in the model on PUUV but not for Lyme borreliosis.A large part of the spatial variation in disease risk can be explained by environmental and socio-economic factors. The two diseases not only are most prevalent in different regions but also affect different groups of people. Combining these two criteria may increase the efficiency of information campaigns through appropriate targeting.

    View details for DOI 10.1186/1476-072X-6-15

    View details for Web of Science ID 000258121200001

    View details for PubMedID 17474974

  • A multilevel analysis of the impact of land use on interannual land-cover change in East Africa ECOSYSTEMS Serneels, S., Linderman, M., Lambin, E. F. 2007; 10 (3): 402-418

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s10021-007-9026-y

    View details for Web of Science ID 000248911400005

  • Impact of land-use change on dengue and malaria in northern Thailand ECOHEALTH Vanwambeke, S. O., Lambin, E. F., Eichhorn, M. P., Flasse, S. P., Harbach, R. E., Oskam, L., Somboon, P., van Beers, S., van Benthem, B. H., Walton, C., Butlin, R. K. 2007; 4 (1): 37-51

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s10393-007-0085-5

    View details for Web of Science ID 000246116500007

  • Temporal heterogeneity in the study of African land use - Interdisciplinary collaboration between anthropology, human geography and remote sensing HUMAN ECOLOGY Guyer, J. I., Lambin, E. F., Cliggett, L., Walker, P., Amanor, K., Bassett, T., Colson, E., Hay, R., Homewood, K., Linares, O., Pabi, O., Peters, P., Scudder, T., Turner, M., Unruh, J. 2007; 35 (1): 3-17

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s10745-006-9085-2

    View details for Web of Science ID 000244198000002

  • Environmental conditions and Puumala hantavirus transmission risk in Belgium International Journal of Health Geographics C., Linard, V., Tersago, H., Leirs, F., Lambin E. 2007; 6
  • Landscape and land cover factors influence the presence of Aedes and Anopheles larvae JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY Vanwambeke, S. O., Somboon, P., Harbach, R. E., Isenstadt, M., Lambin, E. F., Walton, C., Butlin, R. K. 2007; 44 (1): 133-144

    Abstract

    The objective of this study was to test for associations between land cover data and the presence of mosquito larvae of the genera Aedes Meigen and Anopheles Meigen in northern Thailand at the landscape scale. These associations were compared with associations between larval habitat variables and the presence of mosquito larvae at a finer spatial scale. Collection data for the larvae of one Aedes species and three species-groups of Anopheles, all of which are involved in pathogen transmission, were used. A variety of northern Thai landscapes were included, such as upland villages, lowland villages and peri-urban areas. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations. Generally, land cover and landscape variables explained the presence of larvae as well as did larval habitat variables. Results were best for species/species-groups with specific habitat requirements. Land cover variables act as proxies for the types of habitat available and their attributes. Good knowledge of the habitat requirements of the immature stages of mosquitoes is necessary for interpreting the effects of land cover.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000243365400018

    View details for PubMedID 17294931

  • Categorization of land-cover change processes based on phenological indicators extracted from time series of vegetation index data INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING Lupo, F., Linderman, M., Vanacker, V., Bartholome, E., Lambin, E. F. 2007; 28 (11): 2469-2483

    View details for DOI 10.1080/01431160600921943

    View details for Web of Science ID 000246903400006

  • The Middle Path: Avoiding Environmental Catastrophe (translated) Lambin , E. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 2007
  • The emergence of land change science for global environmental change and sustainability Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Turner, II, B. L., Lambin E.F. and , E. F., Reenberg, A. 2007; 104: 20666-20671
  • Landscape and land-cover factors influence the presence of Aedes and Anopheles larvae, Journal of Medical Entomology, O., Vanwambeke S., P., Somboon, E., Harbach R., M., Isenstadt, F., Lambin E., C., Walton, K., Butlin R. 2007; 44,: 133-144
  • Rural transformation and social differentiation in northern Thailand Journal of Land Use Science S., Vanwambeke, P., Somboom, F., Lambin E. 2007; 2: 1-29
  • Temporal Heterogeneity in the Study of African Land Use Human Ecology I., Guyer J., F., Lambin E., L., Cliggett, et al., Walker P. 2007; 35: 3-17
  • Impact of land-use change on dengue and malaria in northern Thailand Ecohealth O., Vanwambeke S., F., Lambin E., P., Eichhorn M., S., Flasse, E., Harbach R., L., Oskam, P., Somboon, van Beers S., van Benthem B. H. B., C., Walton, K., Butlin R. 2007; 4: 37-51
  • Global Desertification: Building a Science for Dryland Development Science Reynolds, J. F., Smith, D. Mark Stafford, Lambin, E. F., Turner, B. L., Ii, M. Mortimore, Batterbury, S. P. J., Downing, T. E., Dowlatabadi, H., Fernandez, R. J., Herrick, J. E., Huber-Sannwald, E., Jiang, H., Leemans, R., Lynam, T., Maestre, F., Walker, B., Ayarza, M. 2007; 316: 847-851
  • Determinants of the geographic distribution of Puumala hantavirus and Lyme borreliosis infections in Belgium International Journal of Health Geographics C., Linard, P., Lamarque, P., Heyman, G., Ducoffre, V., Luyasu, V., Tersago, O., Vanwambeke S., F., Lambin E. 2007; 6
  • A multilevel analysis of the impact of land use on interannual land-cover change in East Africa Ecosystems S., Serneels, M., Linderman, F., Lambin E. 2007; 10: 402-418
  • Causes of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon : a Qualitative Comparative Analysis Journal of Land Use Science M., Scouvart, F., Lambin E., M., Caldas, V., Dale, V., Nédélec, P., Pacheco, B., Rihoux 2007; 2: 257-282
  • A portfolio approach to analyzing complex human-environment interactions: Institutions and land change ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY Young, O. R., Lambin, E. F., Alcock, F., Haberl, H., Karlsson, S. I., McConnell, W. J., Myint, T., Pahl-Wostl, C., Polsky, C., Ramakrishnan, P. S., Schroeder, H., Scouvart, M., Verburg, P. H. 2006; 11 (2)

    View details for Web of Science ID 000243280800038

  • Time series of remote sensing data for land change science IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING Lambin, E. F., Linderman, M. 2006; 44 (7): 1926-1928

    View details for DOI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.872932

    View details for Web of Science ID 000238864700023

  • Multi-level analyses of spatial and temporal determinants for dengue infection. International journal of health geographics Vanwambeke, S. O., van Benthem, B. H., Khantikul, N., Burghoorn-Maas, C., Panart, K., Oskam, L., Lambin, E. F., Somboon, P. 2006; 5: 5-?

    Abstract

    Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that is now endemic in most tropical countries. In Thailand, dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever is a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. A longitudinal study among 1750 people in two rural and one urban sites in northern Thailand from 2001 to 2003 studied spatial and temporal determinants for recent dengue infection at three levels (time, individual and household).Determinants for dengue infection were measured by questionnaire, land-cover maps and GIS. IgM antibodies against dengue were detected by ELISA. Three-level multi-level analysis was used to study the risk determinants of recent dengue infection.Rates of recent dengue infection varied substantially in time from 4 to 30%, peaking in 2002. Determinants for recent dengue infection differed per site. Spatial clustering was observed, demonstrating variation in local infection patterns. Most of the variation in recent dengue infection was explained at the time-period level. Location of a person and the environment around the house (including irrigated fields and orchards) were important determinants for recent dengue infection.We showed the focal nature of asymptomatic dengue infections. The great variation of determinants for recent dengue infection in space and time should be taken into account when designing local dengue control programs.

    View details for PubMedID 16420702

  • Land-Use and Land-Cover Change: Local processes and global impacts Lambin, E. F., et al edited by Lambin, E. F., et al Springer, Berlin. 2006
  • Vulnerability of land systems to fire: interactions between humans, climate, the atmosphere and ecosystems Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change S., Lavorel, D., Flanningan M., .F., Lambin E, C., Scholes M. 2006; 12: 33-53
  • Approche systémique des causes de la déforestation en Amazonie brésilienne: syndromes, synergies et rétroactions L'Espace Géographique M., Scouvart, F., Lambin E. 2006; 3: 241-254
  • Multi-level analyses of spatial and temporal determinants for dengue infection International Journal of Health Geographics S., Vanwambeke, van Benthem B. H. B., N., Khantikul, C., Burghoorn-Maas, K., Panart, L., Oskam, F., Lambin E., P., Somboon 2006; 5
  • Complex Causality in Human-Environment Interactions: Toward a Portfolio Approach to Understanding Institutions and Land Change Ecology and Society O., Young, F., Lambin E., F., Alcock, H., Haberl, I., Karlsson S., J., McConnell W., T., Myint, C., Pahl-Wostl, C., Polsky, S., Ramakrishnan P., M., Scouvart, H., Schroeder, H., Verburg P. 2006; 11
  • Time series of remote sensing data for land change science IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Lambin, E. F., Linderman, M. 2006; 44: 1926-1928
  • Conditions for sustainable land use: case study evidence Journal of Land Use Science P., Raquez, F., Lambin E. 2006; 1: 109-125
  • A conceptual template for integrative human-environment research GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS Newell, B., Crumley, C. L., Hassan, N., Lambin, E. F., Pahl-Wostl, C., Underdal, A., Wasson, R. 2005; 15 (4): 299-307

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2005.06.003

    View details for Web of Science ID 000233623200003

  • Land-cover change and vegetation dynamics across Africa JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES Linderman, M., Rowhani, P., Benz, D., Serneels, S., Lambin, E. F. 2005; 110 (D12)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2004JD005521

    View details for Web of Science ID 000229989400003

  • Forest transitions: towards a global understanding of land use change GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS Rudel, T. K., Coomes, O. T., Moran, E., Achard, F., Angelsen, A., Xu, J. C., Lambin, E. 2005; 15 (1): 23-31

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.11.001

    View details for Web of Science ID 000228902700004

  • Impact of short-term rainfall fluctuation on interannual land cover change in sub-Saharan Africa GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY Vanacker, V., Linderman, M., Lupo, F., Flasse, S., Lambin, E. 2005; 14 (2): 123-135

    View details for Web of Science ID 000227134800003

  • A synthesis of information on rapid land-cover change for the period 1981-2000 BIOSCIENCE Lepers, E., Lambin, E. F., Janetos, A. C., Defries, R., Achard, F., Ramankutty, N., Scholes, R. J. 2005; 55 (2): 115-124

    View details for Web of Science ID 000226969300006

  • Spatial patterns of and risk factors for seropositivity for dengue infection AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE Van Benthem, B. H., Vanwambeke, S. O., Khantikul, N., Burghoorn-Maas, C., Panart, K., Oskam, L., Lambin, E. F., Somboon, P. 2005; 72 (2): 201-208

    Abstract

    Spatial patterns of and risk factors for seropositivity of dengue infection were studied in three sites in northern Thailand. A survey was conducted in 2001 among 1,750 persons. Potential risk factors for dengue infection were measured by questionnaire and IgM antibodies against dengue were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The role of landscape as a risk factor was studied using land cover maps and a geographic information system. Logistic regression identified risk factors for dengue seropositivity. Spatial patterns of seropositive cases were determined by cluster analyses. Six percent of the study population was seropositive. Risk factors for dengue seropositivity differed per site, demonstrating variation in local infection patterns. In the periurban site, seropositivity depended on human behavior and factors related to housing quality rather than environmental factors. In both rural sites, older persons had a higher risk of seropositivity and persons living in houses surrounded by natural and agricultural land covers had a lower risk of seropositivity.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000227402200016

    View details for PubMedID 15741558

  • Dynamic causal patterns of desertification BIOSCIENCE Geist, H. J., Lambin, E. F. 2004; 54 (9): 817-829

    View details for Web of Science ID 000223743000007

  • Remotely-sensed indicators of burning efficiency of savannah and forest fires INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING Lambin, E. F., Goyvaerts, K., Petit, C. 2003; 24 (15): 3105-3118

    View details for DOI 10.1080/0143116021000021224

    View details for Web of Science ID 000184128100007

  • Regional differences in tropical deforestation ENVIRONMENT Lambin, E. F., Geist, H. J. 2003; 45 (6): 22-?

    View details for Web of Science ID 000183793000004

  • Dynamics of land-use and land-cover change in tropical regions ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES Lambin, E. F., Geist, H. J., Lepers, E. 2003; 28: 205-241

    View details for DOI 10.1146/annurev.energy.28.050302.105459

    View details for Web of Science ID 000220102700007

  • Long-term land-cover changes in the Belgian Ardennes (1775-1929): model-based reconstruction vs. historical maps GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY Petit, C. C., Lambin, E. F. 2002; 8 (7): 616-630

    View details for Web of Science ID 000176055800002

  • Proximate causes and underlying driving forces of tropical deforestation BIOSCIENCE Geist, H. J., Lambin, E. F. 2002; 52 (2): 143-150

    View details for Web of Science ID 000173839600005

  • Monitoring natural disasters and 'hot spots' of land cover change with SPOT VEGETATION data to assess regions at risks 21st Annual Symposium of the European-Association-of-Remote-Sensing-Laboratories Lupo, F., Reginster, I., Lambin, E. F. A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS. 2002: 333-?

    View details for Web of Science ID 000175558400047

  • Impact of data integration technique on historical land-use/land-cover change: Comparing historical maps with remote sensing data in the Belgian Ardennes LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY Petit, C. C., Baguette, M., Dumont, J. P., Lambin, E. F., Petit, S. 2002; 17 (2): 117-132

    View details for Web of Science ID 000177049100002

  • The causes of land-use and land-cover change: moving beyond the myths GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS Lambin, E. F., Turner, B. L., Geist, H. J., Agbola, S. B., Angelsen, A., Bruce, J. W., Coomes, O. T., Dirzo, R., Fischer, G., Folke, C., George, P. S., Homewood, K., Imbernon, J., Leemans, R., Li, X. B., Moran, E. F., Mortimore, M., Ramakrishnan, P. S., Richards, J. F., Skanes, H., STEFFEN, W., Stone, G. D., Svedin, U., Veldkamp, T. A., Vogel, C., Xu, J. C. 2001; 11 (4): 261-269

    View details for Web of Science ID 000172796700002

  • Land cover changes around a major east African wildlife reserve: the Mara Ecosystem (Kenya) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING Serneels, S., Said, M. Y., Lambin, E. F. 2001; 22 (17): 3397-3420

    View details for Web of Science ID 000172029800012

  • Quantifying processes of land-cover change by remote sensing: resettlement and rapid land-cover changes in south-eastern Zambia INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING Petit, C., Scudder, T., Lambin, E. 2001; 22 (17): 3435-3456

    View details for Web of Science ID 000172029800014

  • Long-term changes in Serengeti-Mara wildebeest and land cover: Pastoralism, population, or policies? PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Homewood, K., Lambin, E. F., Coast, E., Kariuki, A., Kikula, I., Kivelia, J., Said, M., Serneels, S., Thompson, M. 2001; 98 (22): 12544-12549

    Abstract

    Declines in habitat and wildlife in semiarid African savannas are widely reported and commonly attributed to agropastoral population growth, livestock impacts, and subsistence cultivation. However, extreme annual and shorter-term variability of rainfall, primary production, vegetation, and populations of grazers make directional trends and causal chains hard to establish in these ecosystems. Here two decades of changes in land cover and wildebeest in the Serengeti-Mara region of East Africa are analyzed in terms of potential drivers (rainfall, human and livestock population growth, socio-economic trends, land tenure, agricultural policies, and markets). The natural experiment research design controls for confounding variables, and our conceptual model and statistical approach integrate natural and social sciences data. The Kenyan part of the ecosystem shows rapid land-cover change and drastic decline for a wide range of wildlife species, but these changes are absent on the Tanzanian side. Temporal climate trends, human population density and growth rates, uptake of small-holder agriculture, and livestock population trends do not differ between the Kenyan and Tanzanian parts of the ecosystem and cannot account for observed changes. Differences in private versus state/communal land tenure, agricultural policy, and market conditions suggest, and spatial correlations confirm, that the major changes in land cover and dominant grazer species numbers are driven primarily by private landowners responding to market opportunities for mechanized agriculture, less by agropastoral population growth, cattle numbers, or small-holder land use.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000171806100047

    View details for PubMedID 11675492

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC60090

  • Monitoring land-cover changes in West Africa with SPOT Vegetation: impact of natural disasters in 1998-1999 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING Lupo, F., Reginster, I., Lambin, E. F. 2001; 22 (13): 2633-2639

    View details for Web of Science ID 000170557000013

  • Monitoring land-cover changes in semi-arid regions: remote sensing data and field observations in the Ferlo, Senegal JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS Diouf, A., Lambin, E. F. 2001; 48 (2): 129-148

    View details for Web of Science ID 000169490700002

  • Proximate causes of land-use change in Narok District, Kenya: a spatial statistical model AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT Serneels, S., Lambin, E. F. 2001; 85 (1-3): 65-81

    View details for Web of Science ID 000169062400005

  • Impact of land-use changes on the wildebeest migration in the northern part of the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY Serneels, S., Lambin, E. F. 2001; 28 (3): 391-407

    View details for Web of Science ID 000169689800010

  • Are agricultural land-use models able to predict changes in land-use intensity? Conference on Food and Forestry: Global Change and Global Challenges Lambin, E. F., Rounsevell, M. D., Geist, H. J. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2000: 321–31

    View details for Web of Science ID 000165738700025

  • Impact of ENSO on East African ecosystems: a multivariate analysis based on climate and remote sensing data GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY Plisnier, P. D., Serneels, S., Lambin, E. F. 2000; 9 (6): 481-497

    View details for Web of Science ID 000166996000004

  • Tropical forest area measured from global land-cover classifications: Inverse calibration models based on spatial textures REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT Mayaux, P., Lambin, E. F. 1997; 59 (1): 29-43

    View details for Web of Science ID A1997VY61600003

  • ESTIMATION OF TROPICAL FOREST AREA FROM COARSE SPATIAL-RESOLUTION DATA - A 2-STEP CORRECTION FUNCTION FOR PROPORTIONAL ERRORS DUE TO SPATIAL AGGREGATION REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT Mayaux, P., Lambin, E. F. 1995; 53 (1): 1-15

    View details for Web of Science ID A1995RN88400001

  • LAND-USE IN AN URBAN HINTERLAND - ETHNOGRAPHY AND REMOTE-SENSING IN THE STUDY OF AFRICAN INTENSIFICATION AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST Guyer, J. I., Lambin, E. F. 1993; 95 (4): 839-859

    View details for Web of Science ID A1993MN38600002