Ivan Raikov

All Publications

• The EMBER trial for weight management engagement: A hybrid type 1 randomized controlled trial protocol. Contemporary clinical trials Breland, J. Y., Fletcher, T. L., Maguen, S., Timko, C., Raikov, I., Boothroyd, D. B., Frayne, S. M. 2023: 107364

  Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Almost 40% of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) users have obesity. VHA's national weight management program is associated with weight loss and improved health. However, while 94% of eligible VHA users are offered weight management programs, <8% use them. We developed EMBER - a novel, Motivational Interviewing-based, self-help tool - with the goal of Enhancing Motivation for Better Engagement and Reach for weight management. EMBER is not a weight management program; instead it engages people in existing programs by informing and guiding choices about weight management.METHODS: The EMBER Trial is a randomized hybrid type 1 effectiveness implementation trial. Participants are Palo Alto or Houston VA Health Care System users with obesity who have not used a VHA weight management program in the past two years (target N = 470). Participants are randomly assigned to EMBER or an information-only control condition, after which they receive materials on paper or digitally, per their preference. The trial's primary goal is to determine whether participants randomized to EMBER are more likely to have any weight management engagement at two-month follow-up compared to those in the control condition. Secondary outcomes include 6-month retention in weight management, weight management behaviors, weight loss, quality of life, and implementation outcomes (e.g., reach, appropriateness).CONCLUSION: EMBER is the first self-directed, Motivational Interviewing-based intervention designed to increase weight management program engagement. The study takes a low-touch, population health approach that could be modified for other programs if effective. The Hybrid Type 1 design will ensure results can be scaled and sustained.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107364

  View details for PubMedID 37884122

• Hidden behavioral fingerprints in epilepsy. Neuron Gschwind, T., Zeine, A., Raikov, I., Markowitz, J. E., Gillis, W. F., Felong, S., Isom, L. L., Datta, S. R., Soltesz, I. 2023

  Abstract

  Epilepsy is a major disorder affecting millions of people. Although modern electrophysiological and imaging approaches provide high-resolution access to the multi-scale brain circuit malfunctions in epilepsy, our understanding of how behavior changes with epilepsy has remained rudimentary. As a result, screening for new therapies for children and adults with devastating epilepsies still relies on the inherently subjective, semi-quantitative assessment of a handful of pre-selected behavioral signs of epilepsy in animal models. Here, we use machine learning-assisted 3D video analysis to reveal hidden behavioral phenotypes in mice with acquired and genetic epilepsies and track their alterations during post-insult epileptogenesis and in response to anti-epileptic drugs. These results show the persistent reconfiguration of behavioral fingerprints in epilepsy and indicate that they can be employed for rapid, automated anti-epileptic drug testing at scale.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.003

  View details for PubMedID 36841241

• Peer support and whole health coaching to address the healthcare needs of homeless veterans: a pilot study. BMC primary care Blonigen, D., Smelson, D., Smith, J., Baldwin, N., McInnes, D. K., Raikov, I., Weber, J., Hyde, J. 2022; 23 (1): 331

  Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Homelessness is a robust social determinant of acute care service utilization among veterans. Although intensive outpatient programs have been developed for homeless veterans who are high utilizers of acute care ("super utilizers"), few scalable programs have been implemented to address their needs.OBJECTIVE: Describe the development and pilot testing of a novel intervention that integrates the roles of a peer and whole health coach ("Peer-WHC") in coordination with primary care teams to reduce homeless veterans' frequent use of acute care.DESIGN: Single-arm trial in three outpatient primary care clinics at a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical center; pre/post design using mixed-methods.PARTICIPANTS: Twenty veterans from VHA's homeless registry who were super-utilizers of acute care and enrolled in primary care.INTERVENTION: Weekly health coaching sessions with a peer over 12 weeks, including discussions of patients' health care utilization patterns and coordination with primary care.MAIN MEASURES: Rates of session attendance and intervention fidelity, patient-reported satisfaction and changes in patient engagement and perceptions of health, pre/post utilization of acute and supportive care services, and qualitative interviews with multiple stakeholders to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation.KEY RESULTS: On average, patients attended 6.35 sessions (SD=3.5, Median=7). Satisfaction scores (M=28.75 out of 32; SD=2.79) exceeded a priori benchmarks. Patients' perceptions of health improved from pre to post [t(df)=-2.26(14), p=0.04]. In the 3-months pre/post, 45% (n=9) and 15% (n=3) of patients, respectively, were hospitalized. Qualitative feedback from patients, providers, and peers and fidelity metrics suggested value in increasing the length of the intervention to facilitate goal-setting with patients and coordination with primary care.CONCLUSION: Findings support the feasibility, acceptability, and utility of Peer-WHC to address the healthcare needs of homeless veterans. A future trial is warranted to test the impact of Peer-WHC on reducing these patients' frequent use of acute care.

  View details for DOI 10.1186/s12875-022-01927-0

  View details for PubMedID 36529718

• Epistemic Autonomy: Self-supervised Learning in the Mammalian Hippocampus. Trends in cognitive sciences Santos-Pata, D., Amil, A. F., Raikov, I. G., Renno-Costa, C., Mura, A., Soltesz, I., Verschure, P. F. 2021

  Abstract

  Biological cognition is based on the ability to autonomously acquire knowledge, or epistemic autonomy. Such self-supervision is largely absent in artificial neural networks (ANN) because they depend on externally set learning criteria. Yet training ANN using error backpropagation has created the current revolution in artificial intelligence, raising the question of whether the epistemic autonomy displayed in biological cognition can be achieved with error backpropagation-based learning. We present evidence suggesting that the entorhinal-hippocampal complex combines epistemic autonomy with error backpropagation. Specifically, we propose that the hippocampus minimizes the error between its input and output signals through a modulatory counter-current inhibitory network. We further discuss the computational emulation of this principle and analyze it in the context of autonomous cognitive systems.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2021.03.016

  View details for PubMedID 33906817

• Entorhinal mismatch: A model of self-supervised learning in the hippocampus. iScience Santos-Pata, D., Amil, A. F., Raikov, I. G., Renno-Costa, C., Mura, A., Soltesz, I., Verschure, P. F. 2021; 24 (4): 102364

  Abstract

  The hippocampal formation displays a wide range of physiological responses to different spatial manipulations of the environment. However, very few attempts have been made to identify core computational principles underlying those hippocampal responses. Here, we capitalize on the observation that the entorhinal-hippocampal complex (EHC) forms a closed loop and projects inhibitory signals "countercurrent" to the trisynaptic pathway to build a self-supervised model that learns to reconstruct its own inputs by error backpropagation. The EHC is then abstracted as an autoencoder, with the hidden layers acting as an information bottleneck. With the inputs mimicking the firing activity of lateral and medial entorhinal cells, our model is shown to generate place cells and to respond to environmental manipulations as observed in rodent experiments. Altogether, we propose that the hippocampus builds conjunctive compressed representations of the environment by learning to reconstruct its own entorhinal inputs via gradient descent.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102364

  View details for PubMedID 33997671

• Maximally selective single-cell target for circuit control in epilepsy models. Neuron Hadjiabadi, D., Lovett-Barron, M., Raikov, I. G., Sparks, F. T., Liao, Z., Baraban, S. C., Leskovec, J., Losonczy, A., Deisseroth, K., Soltesz, I. 2021

  Abstract

  Neurological and psychiatric disorders are associated with pathological neural dynamics. The fundamental connectivity patterns of cell-cell communication networks that enable pathological dynamics to emerge remain unknown. Here, we studied epileptic circuits using a newly developed computational pipeline that leveraged single-cell calcium imaging of larval zebrafish and chronically epileptic mice, biologically constrained effective connectivity modeling, and higher-order motif-focused network analysis. We uncovered a novel functional cell type that preferentially emerged in the preseizure state, the superhub, that was unusually richly connected to the rest of the network through feedforward motifs, critically enhancing downstream excitation. Perturbation simulations indicated that disconnecting superhubs was significantly more effective in stabilizing epileptic circuits than disconnecting hub cells that were defined traditionally by connection count. In the dentate gyrus of chronically epileptic mice, superhubs were predominately modeled adult-born granule cells. Collectively, these results predict a new maximally selective and minimally invasive cellular target for seizure control.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.06.007

  View details for PubMedID 34197732

• Data-Driven Modeling of Normal and Pathological Oscillations in the Hippocampus MULTISCALE MODELS OF BRAIN DISORDERS Raikov, I., Soltesz, I., Cutsuridis 2019; 13: 185–92

  View details for DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-18830-6_17

  View details for Web of Science ID 000554939700018

• Network Models of Epilepsy-Related Pathological Structural and Functional Alterations in the Dentate Gyrus REWIRING BRAIN: A COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH TO STRUCTURAL PLASTICITY IN THE ADULT BRAIN Raikov, I., Plitt, M., Soltesz, I., VanOoyen, A., ButzOstendorf, M. 2017: 485–503

  View details for DOI 10.1016/B978-0-12-803784-3.00023-8

  View details for Web of Science ID 000439360500024

• Interneuronal mechanisms of hippocampal theta oscillations in a full-scale model of the rodent CA1 circuit. eLife Bezaire, M. J., Raikov, I., Burk, K., Vyas, D., Soltesz, I. 2016; 5

  Abstract

  The hippocampal theta rhythm plays important roles in information processing; however, the mechanisms of its generation are not well understood. We developed a data-driven, supercomputer-based, full-scale (1:1) model of the rodent CA1 area and studied its interneurons during theta oscillations. Theta rhythm with phase-locked gamma oscillations and phase-preferential discharges of distinct interneuronal types spontaneously emerged from the isolated CA1 circuit without rhythmic inputs. Perturbation experiments identified parvalbumin-expressing interneurons and neurogliaform cells, as well as interneuronal diversity itself, as important factors in theta generation. These simulations reveal new insights into the spatiotemporal organization of the CA1 circuit during theta oscillations.

  View details for DOI 10.7554/eLife.18566

  View details for PubMedID 28009257

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5313080