Joan Roughgarden

All Publications

• Holobiont Evolution: Population Theory for the Hologenome AMERICAN NATURALIST Roughgarden, J. 2023

  View details for DOI 10.1086/723782

  View details for Web of Science ID 000969370600001

• The social selection alternative to sexual selection PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Roughgarden, J. 2012; 367 (1600): 2294-2303

  Abstract

  Social selection offers an alternative to sexual selection by reversing its logic. Social selection starts with offspring production and works back to mating, and starts with behavioural dynamics and works up to gene pool dynamics. In social selection, courtship can potentially be deduced as a negotiation, leading to an optimal allocation of tasks during offspring rearing. Ornaments facilitate this negotiation and also comprise 'admission tickets' to cliques. Mating pairs may form 'teams' based on the reciprocal sharing of pleasure. The parent-offspring relation can be managed by the parent considered as the owner of a 'family firm' whose product is offspring. The cooperation in reproductive social behaviour evolves as a mutual direct benefit through individual selection rather than as some form of altruism requiring kin or multi-level selection.

  View details for DOI 10.1098/rstb.2011.0282

  View details for Web of Science ID 000306193500005

  View details for PubMedID 22777017

• Teamwork, pleasure and bargaining in animal social behaviour JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY Roughgarden, J. 2012; 25 (7): 1454-1462

  Abstract

  Intimate behaviour between animals is hypothesized to enable teamwork. The pleasure experienced in grooming, preening, dancing, mating and singing in synchrony is hypothesized to motivate participants to coordinate actions directed towards a shared goal that enhances each individual's fitness. This cooperative behaviour evolves as a mutual direct benefit, not as altruism. Teamwork leads to an equilibrium set of returns to the participants that may be modelled as a Nash bargaining solution instead of as the more familiar Nash equilibrium. The dynamics leading to that equilibrium may be modelled based on joint action instead of the more familiar individualistic action. Confusions by Binmore (J. Evol. Biol. 2010; 23: 1351) about this hypothesis are corrected.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02505.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000305130800021

  View details for PubMedID 22536917

• DIRECT BENEFITS OF GENETIC MOSAICISM AND INTRAORGANISMAL SELECTION: MODELING COEVOLUTION BETWEEN A LONG-LIVED TREE AND A SHORT-LIVED HERBIVORE EVOLUTION Folse, H. J., Roughgarden, J. 2012; 66 (4): 1091-1113

  Abstract

  We model direct fitness benefits of genetic mosaicism for a long-lived tree in coevolution with a short-lived herbivore to test four hypotheses: that mosaicism reduces selection on the herbivore for resistance to plant defenses; that module-level selection allows the individual tree to adapt to its herbivore; and that this benefits the tree population, increasing average tree fitness and reducing local adaptation of the herbivore. We show that: mosaicism does not sufficiently reduce selection for resistance in the herbivore to benefit the tree; that individual trees do benefit from module-level selection when somatic mutation introduces new defenses; and that mosaicism does reduce local adaptation in the herbivore, which increases average tree fitness. These results are robust to varying genetic assumptions of dominance and the somatic mutation rate, but only hold for sufficiently long-lived trees with relatively strong selection. We also show that a mixed reproductive strategy of primarily asexual reproduction interspersed with occasional sexual reproduction is effective in coevolving with the herbivore, as it maintains beneficial allele combinations. Finally, we argue that intraorganismal genetic heterogeneity need not threaten the integrity of the individual and may be adaptive when selection acts concordantly between levels.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01500.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000302546700011

  View details for PubMedID 22486691

• The role of discounting and dynamics in determining the economic efficiency of time-area closures for managing fishery bycatch THEORETICAL ECOLOGY Armsworth, P. R., Block, B. A., Eagle, J., Roughgarden, J. E. 2011; 4 (4): 513-526

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s12080-010-0093-x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000300160600008

• The evolution of payoff matrices: providing incentives to cooperate PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Akcay, E., Roughgarden, J. 2011; 278 (1715): 2198-2206

  Abstract

  Most of the work in evolutionary game theory starts with a model of a social situation that gives rise to a particular payoff matrix and analyses how behaviour evolves through natural selection. Here, we invert this approach and ask, given a model of how individuals behave, how the payoff matrix will evolve through natural selection. In particular, we ask whether a prisoner's dilemma game is stable against invasions by mutant genotypes that alter the payoffs. To answer this question, we develop a two-tiered framework with goal-oriented dynamics at the behavioural time scale and a diploid population genetic model at the evolutionary time scale. Our results are two-fold: first, we show that the prisoner's dilemma is subject to invasions by mutants that provide incentives for cooperation to their partners, and that the resulting game is a coordination game similar to the hawk-dove game. Second, we find that for a large class of mutants and symmetric games, a stable genetic polymorphism will exist in the locus determining the payoff matrix, resulting in a complex pattern of behavioural diversity in the population. Our results highlight the importance of considering the evolution of payoff matrices to understand the evolution of animal social systems.

  View details for DOI 10.1098/rspb.2010.2105

  View details for Web of Science ID 000291464200017

  View details for PubMedID 21147797

• WHAT IS AN INDIVIDUAL ORGANISM? A MULTILEVEL SELECTION PERSPECTIVE QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY Folse, H. J., Roughgarden, J. 2010; 85 (4): 447-472

  Abstract

  Most biologists implicitly define an individual organism as "one genome in one body." This definition is based on physiological and genetic criteria, but it is problematic for colonial organisms. We propose a definition based instead on the evolutionary criteria of alignment of fitness, export of fitness by germ-soma specialization, and adaptive functional organization. We consider how these concepts apply to various putative individual organisms. We conclude that complex multicellular organisms and colonies of eusocial insects satisfy these three criteria, but that, in most cases (with at least one notable exception), colonies of modular organisms and genetic chimeras do not. While species do not meet these criteria, they may meet the criteria for a broader concept--that of an evolutionary individual--and sexual reproduction may be a species-level exaptation for enhancing evolvability. We also review the costs and benefits of internal genetic heterogeneity within putative individuals, demonstrating that high relatedness is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for individuality, and that, in some cases, genetic variability may have adaptive benefits at the level of the whole.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000285039800003

  View details for PubMedID 21243964

• The economic efficiency of a time-area closure to protect spawning bluefin tuna JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY Armsworth, P. R., Block, B. A., Eagle, J., Roughgarden, J. E. 2010; 47 (1): 36-46

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01738.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000274191300005

• A theory for the evolution of other-regard integrating proximate and ultimate perspectives PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Akcay, E., Van Cleve, J., Feldman, M. W., Roughgarden, J. 2009; 106 (45): 19061-19066

  Abstract

  Although much previous work describes evolutionary mechanisms that promote or stabilize different social behaviors, we still have little understanding of the factors that drive animal behavior proximately. Here we present a modeling approach to answer this question. Our model rests on motivations to achieve objectives as the proximate determinants of behavior. We develop a two-tiered framework by first modeling the dynamics of a social interaction at the behavioral time scale and then find the evolutionarily stable objectives that result from the outcomes these dynamics produce. We use this framework to ask whether "other-regarding" motivations, which result from a kind of nonselfish objective, can evolve when individuals are engaged in a social interaction that entails a conflict between their material payoffs. We find that, at the evolutionarily stable state, individuals can be other-regarding in that they are motivated to increase their partners' payoff as well as their own. In contrast to previous theories, we find that such motivations can evolve because of their direct effect on fitness and do not require kin selection or a special group structure. We also derive general conditions for the evolutionary stability of other-regarding motivations. Our conditions indicate that other-regarding motivations are more likely to evolve when social interactions and behavioral objectives are both synergistic.

  View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.0904357106

  View details for Web of Science ID 000271637500035

  View details for PubMedID 19858492

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2776409

• The Perfect Family: Decision Making in Biparental Care PLOS ONE Akcay, E., Roughgarden, J. 2009; 4 (10)

  Abstract

  Previous theoretical work on parental decisions in biparental care has emphasized the role of the conflict between evolutionary interests of parents in these decisions. A prominent prediction from this work is that parents should compensate for decreases in each other's effort, but only partially so. However, experimental tests that manipulate parents and measure their responses fail to confirm this prediction. At the same time, the process of parental decision making has remained unexplored theoretically. We develop a model to address the discrepancy between experiments and the theoretical prediction, and explore how assuming different decision making processes changes the prediction from the theory. MODEL DESCRIPTION: We assume that parents make decisions in behavioral time. They have a fixed time budget, and allocate it between two parental tasks: provisioning the offspring and defending the nest. The proximate determinant of the allocation decisions are parents' behavioral objectives. We assume both parents aim to maximize the offspring production from the nest. Experimental manipulations change the shape of the nest production function. We consider two different scenarios for how parents make decisions: one where parents communicate with each other and act together (the perfect family), and one where they do not communicate, and act independently (the almost perfect family).The perfect family model is able to generate all the types of responses seen in experimental studies. The kind of response predicted depends on the nest production function, i.e. how parents' allocations affect offspring production, and the type of experimental manipulation. In particular, we find that complementarity of parents' allocations promotes matching responses. In contrast, the relative responses do not depend on the type of manipulation in the almost perfect family model. These results highlight the importance of the interaction between nest production function and how parents make decisions, factors that have largely been overlooked in previous models.

  View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0007345

  View details for Web of Science ID 000270808300005

  View details for PubMedID 19823687

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2758585

• Is there a general theory of community ecology? BIOLOGY & PHILOSOPHY Roughgarden, J. 2009; 24 (4): 521-529

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10539-009-9164-z

  View details for Web of Science ID 000268868200007

• Alternation of haploid and diploid generations: evolution by gamete amplification EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH Iyer, P., Roughgarden, J. 2009; 11 (1): 57-77

  View details for Web of Science ID 000263624900004

• The Structure of Clines with Fitness-Dependent Dispersal AMERICAN NATURALIST Armsworth, P. R., Roughgarden, J. E. 2008; 172 (5): 648-657

  Abstract

  Spatial models commonly assume that dispersal does not depend on environmental conditions or phenotype. For example, these assumptions underpin explanations for clines on the basis of a trade-off between dispersal and local adaptation. We reexamine clines when an individual's decisions over whether and where to disperse depend on its fitness. We compare fitness-dependent dispersal with cases where dispersal responds to juvenile survivorship only. Clines are steeper the more responsive dispersal is to environmental conditions for all dispersal behaviors that we consider. Clines eventually become stepped as the responsiveness of dispersal to environmental conditions is increased for half of the dispersal behaviors we consider, but smooth clines are maintained for the remaining cases. Smooth clines are maintained by the biased movement of individuals out of the hybrid zone when individuals move directionally in response to gradients in juvenile survivorship, which is a different mechanism to that maintaining smooth clines in classic cline theory.

  View details for DOI 10.1086/591685

  View details for Web of Science ID 000260186000005

  View details for PubMedID 18828744

• Dioecy as a specialization promoting sperm delivery EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH Iyer, P., Roughgarden, J. 2008; 10 (6): 867-892

  View details for Web of Science ID 000260229000007

• Gametic conflict versus contact in the evolution of anisogamy THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY Iyer, P., Roughgarden, J. 2008; 73 (4): 461-472

  Abstract

  Anisogamy refers to gametes that differ in size, and characterizes the difference between males and females. The evolution of aniosgamy is widely interpreted as involving conflict between gamete producers with small sperm parasitizing on the investment made by the eggs. Using a population genetic model for evolution at a locus that codes jointly for sperm and egg sizes of a hermaphrodite, we show that the origin of anisogamy in an externally spawning population need not involve conflict between gamete producers. Gamete size dimorphism may be an adaptation that increases gamete encounter rates when large zygotes are selected, and we show this in a mechanistically general individual selection model. We use the Vance survival function without specific allometric assumptions to model the zygote fitness dependence on its size, and hence obtain ecological and life-history correlates of isogamy and anisogamy, which we successfully compare with data from Volvocales.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2008.02.002

  View details for Web of Science ID 000256996000001

  View details for PubMedID 18485981

• Extra-pair parentage: a new theory based on transactions in a cooperative game EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH Akcay, E., Roughgarden, J. 2007; 9 (8): 1223-1243

  View details for Web of Science ID 000252652600001

• Extra-pair paternity in birds: review of the genetic benefits EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH Akcay, E., Roughgarden, J. 2007; 9 (5): 855-868

  View details for Web of Science ID 000248192000009

• Challenging Darwin's theory of sexual selection DAEDALUS Roughgarden, J. 2007; 136 (2): 23-36

  View details for Web of Science ID 000245912900003

• Negotiation of mutualism: rhizobia and legumes PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Akcay, E., Roughgarden, J. 2007; 274 (1606): 25-32

  Abstract

  The evolution and persistence of biological cooperation have been an important puzzle in evolutionary theory. Here, we suggest a new approach based on bargaining theory to tackle the question. We present a mechanistic model for negotiation of benefits between a nitrogen-fixing nodule and a legume plant. To that end, we first derive growth rates for the nodule and plant from metabolic models of each as a function of material fluxes between them. We use these growth rates as pay-off functions in the negotiation process, which is analogous to collective bargaining between a firm and a workers' union. Our model predicts that negotiations lead to the Nash bargaining solution, maximizing the product of players' pay-offs. This work introduces elements of cooperative game theory into the field of mutualistic interactions. In the discussion of the paper, we argue for the benefits of such an approach in studying the question of biological cooperation.

  View details for DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3689

  View details for Web of Science ID 000242765300004

  View details for PubMedID 17015340

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC1679880

• Neither should competition be assumed TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION Akcay, E., Roughgarden, J. 2007; 22 (1): 4-4

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2006.10.001

  View details for Web of Science ID 000243552900002

  View details for PubMedID 17045699

• A hump-shaped density-area relationship for island lizards OIKOS Buckley, L. B., Roughgarden, J. 2006; 113 (2): 243-250

  View details for Web of Science ID 000237655400005

• Climate, competition, and the coexistence of island lizards FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY Buckley, L. B., Roughgarden, J. 2006; 20 (2): 315-322

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01095.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000237517400017

• Reproductive social behavior: Cooperative games to replace sexual selection SCIENCE Roughgarden, J., Oishi, M., Akcay, E. 2006; 311 (5763): 965-969

  Abstract

  Theories about sexual selection can be traced back to Darwin in 1871. He proposed that males fertilize as many females as possible with inexpensive sperm, whereas females, with a limited supply of large eggs, select the genetically highest quality males to endow their offspring with superior capabilities. Since its proposal, problems with this narrative have continued to accumulate, and it is our view that sexual selection theory needs to be replaced. We suggest an approach that relies on the exchange of direct ecological benefits among cooperating animals without reference to genetic benefits. This approach can be expressed mathematically in a branch of game theory that pertains to bargaining and side payments.

  View details for DOI 10.1126/science.1110105

  View details for Web of Science ID 000235456900035

  View details for PubMedID 16484485

• Lizard habitat partitioning on islands: the interaction of local and landscape scales JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY Buckley, L. B., Roughgarden, J. 2005; 32 (12): 2113-2121

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01340.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000233408500006

• Effect of species interactions on landscape abundance patterns JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY Buckley, L. B., Roughgarden, J. 2005; 74 (6): 1182-1194

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01012.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000232995200019

• Disturbance induces the contrasting evolution of reinforcement and dispersiveness in directed and random movers EVOLUTION Armsworth, P. R., Roughgarden, J. E. 2005; 59 (10): 2083-2096

  Abstract

  Spatial models commonly assume that dispersal rates are constant across individuals and environments and that movement directions are unbiased. These random-movement assumptions are inadequate to capture the range of dispersal behaviors revealed in diverse case studies. We examine an alternative assumption of directed movement, in which dispersal is a conditional and directional response by individuals to varying environmental conditions. Specifically, we assume individuals bias their movements to climb spatial fitness gradients. We compare the consequences of random and directed movement for local adaptation, the evolution of dispersal, and the reinforcement process. The implications of each movement strategy depend on the nature of environmental disturbance, and we examine the outcomes for undisturbed environments and with uncorrelated and autocorrelated disturbances. Both movement strategies offer advantages over sedentary life histories by allowing colonization of suitable habitats. However, random movement eventually becomes costly in stable environments because it inhibits local adaptation. In contrast, directed movement accelerates local adaptation. In disturbed environments, random movement offers bet-spreading advantages by distributing offspring across habitats. Despite being a more targeted strategy, an intermediate amount of directed movement provides similar bet-spreading benefits. These fitness consequences have implications for the evolution of dispersal. Dispersiveness is lost by random movers in undisturbed environments, is maintained in polymorphism with infrequent disturbances, and evolves when disturbances are uncorrelated. Directed movement becomes selectively neutral in the absence of disturbance, evolves when disturbances are autocorrelated, and is maintained in polymorphism with uncorrelated disturbances. Disturbance also determines the outcome of the reinforcement process for each strategy. For example, directed movers show no progress toward reinforcement in undisturbed environments, evolve random mating with uncorrelated disturbances, and can evolve assortative mating in infrequently disturbed environments.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000232941400003

  View details for PubMedID 16405154

• The impact of directed versus random movement on population dynamics and biodiversity patterns AMERICAN NATURALIST Armsworth, P. R., Roughgarden, J. E. 2005; 165 (4): 449-465

  Abstract

  An improved understanding of dispersal behavior is needed to predict how populations and communities respond to habitat fragmentation. Most spatial dynamic theory concentrates on random dispersal, in which movement rates depend neither on the state of an individual nor its environment and movement directions are unbiased. We examine the neglected dispersal component of directed movement in which dispersal is a conditional and directional response of individuals to varying environmental conditions. Specifically, we assume that individuals bias their movements along local gradients in fitness. Random movers, unable to track heterogeneous environmental conditions, face source-sink dynamics, which can result in deterministic extinction or increase their vulnerability to stochastic extinction. Directed movers track environmental conditions closely. In fluctuating environments, random movers "spread their bets" across patches, while directed movers invest offspring in habitats currently enjoying propitious conditions. The autocorrelation in the environment determines each strategy's success. Random movers permeate entire landscapes, but directed movers are more geographically constrained. Local information constraints limit the ranges of directed movers and introduce a role for historical contingency in determining their ultimate distribution. These geographic differences have implications for biodiversity. Random movement maintains biodiversity through local coexistence, but directed movement favors a spatial partitioning of species.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000227517000007

  View details for PubMedID 15791537

• Biodiversity conservation - Effects of changes in climate and land use NATURE Buckley, L. B., Roughgarden, J. 2004; 430 (6995)

  Abstract

  Thomas et al. argue, contrary to Sala et al. that climate change poses an equal or greater threat to global biodiversity than land-use change. We contest this claim, however, on the grounds that Thomas et al. incorrectly apply species-area relationships.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/nature02717

  View details for Web of Science ID 000222356800033

  View details for PubMedID 15233130

• Food hoarding: future value in optimal foraging decisions ECOLOGICAL MODELLING Gerber, L. R., Reichman, O. J., Roughgarden, J. 2004; 175 (1): 77-85

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.10.022

  View details for Web of Science ID 000221587200005

• A framework for assessing the relative vulnerability of species to land-use change ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS Pereira, H. M., Daily, G. C., Roughgarden, J. 2004; 14 (3): 730-742

  View details for Web of Science ID 000222174000009

• Causes of coral reef degradation - Response SCIENCE Hughes, T. P., Baird, A. H., Bellwood, D. R., Connolly, S. R., Folke, C., Grosberg, R., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Jackson, J. B., Kleypas, J., Lough, J. M., Marshall, P., Nystrom, M., Palumbi, S. R., Pandolfi, J. M., Rosen, B., Roughgarden, J. 2003; 302 (5650): 1503-1504

  View details for Web of Science ID 000186802200017

• Climate change, human impacts, and the resilience of coral reefs SCIENCE Hughes, T. P., Baird, A. H., Bellwood, D. R., Card, M., Connolly, S. R., Folke, C., Grosberg, R., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Jackson, J. B., Kleypas, J., Lough, J. M., Marshall, P., Nystrom, M., Palumbi, S. R., Pandolfi, J. M., Rosen, B., Roughgarden, J. 2003; 301 (5635): 929-933

  Abstract

  The diversity, frequency, and scale of human impacts on coral reefs are increasing to the extent that reefs are threatened globally. Projected increases in carbon dioxide and temperature over the next 50 years exceed the conditions under which coral reefs have flourished over the past half-million years. However, reefs will change rather than disappear entirely, with some species already showing far greater tolerance to climate change and coral bleaching than others. International integration of management strategies that support reef resilience need to be vigorously implemented, and complemented by strong policy decisions to reduce the rate of global warming.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000184755900027

  View details for PubMedID 12920289

• The economic value of ecological stability PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Armsworth, P. R., Roughgarden, J. E. 2003; 100 (12): 7147-7151

  Abstract

  Seemingly intangible ecosystem characteristics that preoccupy ecologists, like ecosystem stability and the responsiveness of populations to environmental variation, have quantifiable economic values. We show how to derive these values, and how their consideration should change environmental decision making. To illustrate these concepts, we use a simple reserve design model. When resource managers choose a particular landscape configuration, their decision affects both the mean abundance of species and the temporal variation in abundances. Population stability and related phenomena have economic value, because management actions affect the variance of ecosystem components. In our example, a larger reserve size is recommended when accounting for the stability of the managed ecosystem.

  View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.0832226100

  View details for Web of Science ID 000183493500047

  View details for PubMedID 12777632

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC165844

• Socially stable territories: The negotiation of space by interacting foragers AMERICAN NATURALIST Pereira, H. M., Bergman, A., Roughgarden, J. 2003; 161 (1): 143-152

  Abstract

  This article presents a theory of territoriality that integrates optimal foraging and conflict resolution through negotiation. Using a spatially explicit model of a sit-and-wait forager, we show that when resources are scarce, there is a conflict between foragers: there is not enough space for all individuals to have optimal home ranges. We propose that a division of space that solves this conflict over resources is the outcome of a negotiation between foragers. We name this outcome the socially stable territories (SST). Using game theory we show that in a homogenous patch occupied by two interacting foragers, both individuals receive identical energy yields at the socially stable territories; that is, there is economic equity. Economic inequity can arise in a heterogeneous patch or from asymmetries in fighting abilities between the foragers. Opportunity costs play a role in reducing economic inequity. When the asymmetry in fighting abilities is very large, a negotiated division of space is not possible and the forager with lowest fighting ability may be evicted from the habitat patch. A comparison between territories and overlapping home ranges shows that energy yields from territories are generally higher. We discuss why there are instances in which individuals nevertheless overlap home ranges.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000180186600011

  View details for PubMedID 12650468

• Ecology - Economic reasons for conserving wild nature SCIENCE Balmford, A., Bruner, A., Cooper, P., Costanza, R., Farber, S., Green, R. E., Jenkins, M., Jefferiss, P., Jessamy, V., Madden, J., Munro, K., Myers, N., Naeem, S., Paavola, J., Rayment, M., Rosendo, S., Roughgarden, J., Trumper, K., Turner, R. K. 2002; 297 (5583): 950-953

  Abstract

  On the eve of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, it is timely to assess progress over the 10 years since its predecessor in Rio de Janeiro. Loss and degradation of remaining natural habitats has continued largely unabated. However, evidence has been accumulating that such systems generate marked economic benefits, which the available data suggest exceed those obtained from continued habitat conversion. We estimate that the overall benefit:cost ratio of an effective global program for the conservation of remaining wild nature is at least 100:1.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000177325400027

  View details for PubMedID 12169718

• Patchy populations in stochastic environments: Critical number of patches for persistence AMERICAN NATURALIST Bascompte, J., Possingham, H., Roughgarden, J. 2002; 159 (2): 128-137

  Abstract

  We introduce a model for the dynamics of a patchy population in a stochastic environment and derive a criterion for its persistence. This criterion is based on the geometric mean (GM) through time of the spatial-arithmetic mean of growth rates. For the population to persist, the GM has to be >/=1. The GM increases with the number of patches (because the sampling error is reduced) and decreases with both the variance and the spatial covariance of growth rates. We derive analytical expressions for the minimum number of patches (and the maximum harvesting rate) required for the persistence of the population. As the magnitude of environmental fluctuations increases, the number of patches required for persistence increases, and the fraction of individuals that can be harvested decreases. The novelty of our approach is that we focus on Malthusian local population dynamics with high dispersal and strong environmental variability from year to year. Unlike previous models of patchy populations that assume an infinite number of patches, we focus specifically on the effect that the number of patches has on population persistence. Our work is therefore directly relevant to patchily distributed organisms that are restricted to a small number of habitat patches.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000173879300002

  View details for PubMedID 18707409

• Monogamy, polygyny and interspecific interactions in the lizards Anolis pogus and Anolis gingivinus CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Pereira, H. M., Loarie, S. R., Roughgarden, J. 2002; 38 (1-2): 132-136

  View details for Web of Science ID 000176072000015

• Distributions of larval rockfishes Sebastes spp. across nearshore fronts in a coastal upwelling region MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Bjorkstedt, E. P., Rosenfeld, L. K., Grantham, B. A., Shkedy, Y., Roughgarden, J. 2002; 242: 215-228

  View details for Web of Science ID 000179463800019

• A latitudinal gradient in recruitment of intertidal invertebrates in the northeast Pacific Ocean ECOLOGY Connolly, S. R., Menge, B. A., Roughgarden, J. 2001; 82 (7): 1799-1813

  View details for Web of Science ID 000170125600001

• An invitation to ecological economics. Trends in ecology & evolution Armsworth, P. R., Roughgarden, J. E. 2001; 16 (5): 229-234

  Abstract

  The emerging interdisciplinary field of ecological economics should be a recognized research priority. Only through a combination of sound ecology and good economics can we hope to manage our exploitation of the biosphere in a manner that is both sustainable and efficient. This article is an invitation to ecologists to use economic tools and to participate in ecological economic debate. To this end, we review basic ecological economic concepts and discuss how the field has arisen, what benefits it offers, and what challenges it must overcome.

  View details for PubMedID 11301151

• Ecological economic theory for managing ecosystem services 41st Symposium of the British-Ecological-Society Roughgarden, J., Armsworth, R. R. BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL. 2001: 337–356

  View details for Web of Science ID 000173048000016

• Species diversity and biomass stability AMERICAN NATURALIST Hughes, J. B., Roughgarden, J. 2000; 155 (5): 618-627

  View details for Web of Science ID 000086995000003

• Theory of marine communities: Competition, predation, and recruitment-dependent interaction strength ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Connolly, S. R., Roughgarden, J. 1999; 69 (3): 277-296

  View details for Web of Science ID 000081746100002

• Increased recruitment of northeast Pacific barnacles during the 1997 El Nino LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Connolly, S. R., Roughgarden, J. 1999; 44 (2): 466-469

  View details for Web of Science ID 000079309300024

• Ecological science and the human predicament SCIENCE Bazzaz, F., Ceballos, G., Davis, M., Dirzo, R., Ehrlich, P. R., Eisner, T., Levin, S., Lawton, J. H., Lubchenco, J., Matson, P. A., Mooney, H. A., Raven, P. H., Roughgarden, J. E., Sarukhan, J., Tilman, G. D., Vitousek, P., Wall, D. H., Wilson, E. O., Woodwell, G. M. 1998; 282 (5390): 879-879

  View details for Web of Science ID 000076727300020

• A range extension for the volcano barnacle, Tetraclita rubescens CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME Connolly, S. R., Roughgarden, J. 1998; 84 (4): 182-183

  View details for Web of Science ID 000079677900006

• Aggregate community properties and the strength of species' interactions PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Hughes, J. B., Roughgarden, J. 1998; 95 (12): 6837-6842

  Abstract

  Although humanity depends on the continued, aggregate functioning of natural ecosystems, few studies have explored the impact of community structure on the stability of aggregate community properties. Here we derive the stability of the aggregate property of community biomass as a function of species' competition coefficients for a two-species model. The model predicts that the stability of community biomass is relatively independent of the magnitude of the interaction strengths. Instead, the degree of asymmetry of the interactions appears to be key to community stability.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000074131900049

  View details for PubMedID 9618499

• Theory of marine communities: The intermediate disturbance hypothesis ECOLOGY Dial, R., Roughgarden, J. 1998; 79 (4): 1412-1424

  View details for Web of Science ID 000073841800022

• A latitudinal gradient in northeast Pacific intertidal community structure: Evidence for an oceanographically based synthesis of marine community theory AMERICAN NATURALIST Connolly, S. R., Roughgarden, J. 1998; 151 (4): 311-326

  Abstract

  Intertidal systems have been models for the study of the roles of competition, predation, and disturbance in determining community structure. These systems exhibit considerable regional variability in percentage cover and in the strength of interspecific interactions, which may be due largely to effects of varying larval supply. In Oregon and Washington, experimental studies of space allocation among sessile invertebrates have emphasized the role of benthic processes such as competition and predation. In contrast, studies in central California have emphasized the importance of larval supply. In this article, we identify a gradient in percentage cover in the middle and upper intertidal zone that is consistent with an oceanographically based explanation for these differences: percentage cover of mussels and barnacles is much higher in Oregon, where nearshore circulation promotes high recruitment, than in California, where strong offshore currents inhibit recruitment. A mathematical model incorporating larval transport and interspecific competition for space offers an explanation for the one violation of the hypothesis-higher percentage cover of Chthamalus spp. in California. The findings illustrate that attempts to synthesize regional differences in community structure and dynamics can benefit from considering both the benthic adult and pelagic larval environments.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000072752400002

  View details for PubMedID 18811323

• How to manage fisheries International Meeting on the State of Fisheries Roughgarden, J. ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER. 1998: S160–S164

  View details for Web of Science ID 000072166600018

• Testing predictions of foraging theory for a sit-and-wait forager, Anolis gingivinus BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY Shafir, S., Roughgarden, J. 1998; 9 (1): 74-84

  View details for Web of Science ID 000071611800011

• Barnacle recruitment and population dynamics predicted from coastal upwelling OIKOS Shkedy, Y., Roughgarden, J. 1997; 80 (3): 487-498

  View details for Web of Science ID A1997YL29100009

• A metapopulation model with private property and a common pool ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS Brown, G., Roughgarden, J. 1997; 22 (1): 65-71

  View details for Web of Science ID A1997XH69700007

• Sampling effects and the estimation of food-web properties ECOLOGY Goldwasser, L., Roughgarden, J. 1997; 78 (1): 41-54

  View details for Web of Science ID A1997WD34500003

• Natural history observations of Anolisomyia rufianalis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) infesting Anolis lizards in a rain forest canopy. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY Dial, R., Roughgarden, J. 1996; 25 (6): 1325-1328

  View details for Web of Science ID A1996WA85400010

• Larval transport and population dynamics of intertidal barnacles: A coupled benthic/oceanic model ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Alexander, S. E., Roughgarden, J. 1996; 66 (3): 259-275

  View details for Web of Science ID A1996UZ24800001

• Why fisheries collapse and what to do about it PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Roughgarden, J., Smith, F. 1996; 93 (10): 5078-5083

  Abstract

  With the collapse of fisheries in many parts of the world causing widespread economic harm, attention is focused on a possible cause and remedy of fishery collapse. Economic theory for managing a renewable resource, such as a fishery, leads to an ecologically unstable equilibrium as difficult to maintain as balancing a marble on top of a dome. A fishery should be managed for ecological stability instead--in the analogy, as easy to maintain as keeping a marble near the base of a bowl. The goal of ecological stability is achieved if the target stock is above that producing maximum sustainable yield and harvested at less than the maximum sustainable yield. The cost of managing for ecological stability, termed "natural insurance," is low if the fishery is sufficiently productive. This cost is shown to pay for itself over the long term in a variable and uncertain environment. An ecologically stable target stock may be attained either with annually variable quotas following current practice or, preferably, through a market mechanism whereby fish are taxed at dockside if caught when the stock was below target and are untaxed otherwise. In this regulatory environment, the goal of maximizing short-term revenue coincides with the goal of ecological stability, thereby also maximizing long-term revenue. This new approach to fishery management is illustrated with the recently collapsed Newfoundland fishing industry. The Newfoundland cod fishery is expected to rebuild to an ecologically stable level in about 9 years and thereafter support an annual harvest of about 75% of the 1981-1990 average.

  View details for Web of Science ID A1996UL25500102

  View details for PubMedID 11607680

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC39409

• EXPERIMENTAL REMOVAL OF INSECTIVORES FROM RAIN-FOREST CANOPY - DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS ECOLOGY Dial, R., Roughgarden, J. 1995; 76 (6): 1821-1834

  View details for Web of Science ID A1995RQ24800012

• DETECTING UPWELLING ALONG THE CENTRAL COAST OF CALIFORNIA DURING AN EL-NINO YEAR USING HF-RADAR CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH Shkedy, Y., Fernandez, D., Teague, C., VESECKY, J., Roughgarden, J. 1995; 15 (7): 803-814

  View details for Web of Science ID A1995QK94800005

• DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVAE OF TETRACLITA-RUBESCENS AND MEGABALANUS-CALIFORNICUS WITH A COMPARISON OF THE COMMON BARNACLE LARVAE OF THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY Miller, K. M., Roughgarden, J. 1994; 14 (3): 579-600

  View details for Web of Science ID A1994PD94400014

• POPULATION CYCLING IN SPACE-LIMITED ORGANISMS SUBJECT TO DENSITY-DEPENDENT PREDATION AMERICAN NATURALIST Possingham, H. P., Tuljapurkar, S., Roughgarden, J., Wilks, M. 1994; 143 (4): 563-582

  View details for Web of Science ID A1994NG83900002

• DYNAMICS OF THE ROCKY INTERTIDAL ZONE WITH REMARKS ON GENERALIZATION IN ECOLOGY Royal-Soc Discussion Meeting: Generalizing Across Marine and Terrestrial Ecology Roughgarden, J., Pennington, T., Alexander, S. ROYAL SOC LONDON. 1994: 79–85

  View details for Web of Science ID A1994MV15500010

• THE EFFECT OF MEMORY LENGTH ON THE FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF A LIZARD 3rd International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior: From Animals to Animats 3 (SAB94) Shafir, S., Roughgarden, J. MIT PRESS. 1994: 221–225

  View details for Web of Science ID A1994BB28Y00026

• CONSTRUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF A LARGE CARIBBEAN FOOD WEB ECOLOGY Goldwasser, L., Roughgarden, J. 1993; 74 (4): 1216-1233

  View details for Web of Science ID A1993LD02200026

• UPWELLING AND RELAXATION EVENTS INFERRED FROM HIGH-FREQUENCY RADAR MEASUREMENTS OF COASTAL OCEAN SURFACE CURRENTS 13th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 93) Fernandez, D. M., Teague, C. C., Vesecky, J. F., ROUGHGARDEN, J. D. IEEE. 1993: 1931–1933

  View details for Web of Science ID A1993BA46R00550

• THE PARASITES OF ANOLIS LIZARDS IN THE NORTHERN LESSER ANTILLES .1. PATTERNS OF DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OECOLOGIA Dobson, A. P., PACALA, S. V., ROUGHGARDEN, J. D., CARPER, E. R., Harris, E. A. 1992; 91 (1): 110-117

  Abstract

  The helminth communities from ten species of lizard on seven islands in the Caribbean were sampled by collecting one hundred specimens of each species. Nine genera of parasites were identified; these included six nematodes, two digeneans and an acanthocephalan. No relationship was discernible between parasite density or abundance and island area or altitude, although dry islands tend to have fewer species of parasites. Anolis lizards of the bimaculatus and wattsi series share similar parasites with four out of nine species common to both series. The parasite community of lizards on these islands is depauperate with respect to similar surveys on the larger islands of the Greater Antilles.On three of the islands lizards were sub-sampled by collecting from moist woodland and more xeric habitats. These data suggest that differences between habitats are as significant as differences between islands in determining parasite burdens. Worm burdens of the commonest parasite species, T. cubensis, increased monotonically with host body size and no evidence was found to suggest that these parasites affect either host survival or fecundity. The sex-ratio of this species correlated with mean abundance of the parasite, with females the dominant sex on islands or in habitats where the parasite was common. This pattern may reflect haplodiploid sexual determination in this species.

  View details for Web of Science ID A1992JG18700016

• PREDATION ACROSS SPATIAL SCALES IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY McLaughlin, J. F., Roughgarden, J. 1992; 41 (3): 277-299

  View details for Web of Science ID A1992JA03800002

• WHAT DOES REMOTE-SENSING DO FOR ECOLOGY ECOLOGY Roughgarden, J., Running, S. W., Matson, P. A. 1991; 72 (6): 1918-1922

  View details for Web of Science ID A1991GV76900002

• PATTERN AND STABILITY IN PREDATOR PREY COMMUNITIES - HOW DIFFUSION IN SPATIALLY-VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS AFFECTS THE LOTKA-VOLTERRA MODEL THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY McLaughlin, J. F., Roughgarden, J. 1991; 40 (2): 148-172

  View details for Web of Science ID A1991GN48200002

• THE EVOLUTION OF SEX AMERICAN NATURALIST Roughgarden, J. 1991; 138 (4): 934-953

  View details for Web of Science ID A1991GU65900009

• RULES OF THUMB BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES Roughgarden, J. 1991; 14 (1): 104-104

  View details for Web of Science ID A1991FC75000054

• CROSS-SHELF TRANSPORT CAUSES RECRUITMENT TO INTERTIDAL POPULATIONS IN CENTRAL CALIFORNIA LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Farrell, T. M., BRACHER, D., Roughgarden, J. 1991; 36 (2): 279-288

  View details for Web of Science ID A1991FQ78700005

• COLLISIONS OF UPWELLING FRONTS WITH THE INTERTIDAL ZONE - THE CAUSE OF RECRUITMENT PULSES IN BARNACLE POPULATIONS OF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY Roughgarden, J., Pennington, J. T., Stoner, D., Alexander, S., Miller, K. 1991; 12 (1): 35-51

  View details for Web of Science ID A1991FT62200003

• SPATIAL POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF A MARINE ORGANISM WITH A COMPLEX LIFE-CYCLE ECOLOGY Possingham, H. P., Roughgarden, J. 1990; 71 (3): 973-985

  View details for Web of Science ID A1990DF09100012

• OPTIMAL BODY SIZE IN LESSER ANTILLEAN ANOLIS LIZARDS - A MECHANISTIC APPROACH ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS NAGANUMA, K. H., ROUGHGARDEN, J. D. 1990; 60 (2): 239-256

  View details for Web of Science ID A1990DE96200005

• USE OF HIGH-FREQUENCY RADAR FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF OCEAN SURFACE CURRENTS 10TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM : REMOTE SENSING SCIENCE FOR THE NINETIES Fernandez, D. M., Vesecky, J. F., Roughgarden, J., Teague, C. C., NAPOLITANO, D. J. I E E E. 1990: 715–717

  View details for Web of Science ID A1990BS52Z00182

• POPULATION-DYNAMICS AND PARASITIC CASTRATION - TEST OF A MODEL AMERICAN NATURALIST Blower, S., Roughgarden, J. 1989; 134 (6): 848-858

  View details for Web of Science ID A1989CQ33700002

• AVIAN PREDATION ON ANOLIS LIZARDS IN THE NORTHEASTERN CARIBBEAN - AN INTER-ISLAND CONTRAST ECOLOGY McLaughlin, J. F., Roughgarden, J. 1989; 70 (3): 617-628

  View details for Web of Science ID A1989U965200020

• COMPARISON OF LARVAL AND ADULT STAGES OF CHTHAMALUS-DALLI AND CHTHAMALUS-FISSUS (CIRRIPEDIA, THORACICA) JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY Miller, K. M., Blower, S. M., Hedgecock, D., Roughgarden, J. 1989; 9 (2): 242-256

  View details for Web of Science ID A1989U689600006

• PARASITES DETECT HOST SPATIAL PATTERN AND DENSITY - A FIELD EXPERIMENTAL-ANALYSIS OECOLOGIA Blower, S. M., Roughgarden, J. 1989; 78 (1): 138-141

  View details for Web of Science ID A1989R833800019

• RECRUITMENT DYNAMICS IN COMPLEX LIFE-CYCLES SCIENCE Roughgarden, J., Gaines, S., Possingham, H. 1988; 241 (4872): 1460-1466

  Abstract

  Organisms living in the marine rocky intertidal zone compete for space. This, together with predation, physical disruption, and differing species tolerances to physiological stress, explains the structure of the ecological communities at some sites. At other sites the supply of larvae is limiting, and events in the offshore waters, such as wind-driven upwelling, explain the composition of intertidal communities. Whether the community ecology at a site is governed by adult-adult interactions within the site, or by limitations to the supply of larvae reaching the site, is determined by the regional pattern of circulation in the coastal waters. Models combining larval circulation with adult interactions can potentially forecast population fluctuations. These findings illustrate how processes in different ecological habitats are coupled.

  View details for Web of Science ID A1988Q047900029

  View details for PubMedID 11538249

• PARASITIC CASTRATION - HOST SPECIES PREFERENCES, SIZE-SELECTIVITY AND SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY OECOLOGIA Blower, S. M., Roughgarden, J. 1988; 75 (4): 512-515

  View details for Web of Science ID A1988N205500005

• POPULATION-DYNAMICS AND PARASITIC CASTRATION - A MATHEMATICAL-MODEL AMERICAN NATURALIST Blower, S., Roughgarden, J. 1987; 129 (5): 730-754

  View details for Web of Science ID A1987H283600007

• FISH IN OFFSHORE KELP FORESTS AFFECT RECRUITMENT TO INTERTIDAL BARNACLE POPULATIONS SCIENCE Gaines, S. D., Roughgarden, J. 1987; 235 (4787): 479-481

  Abstract

  Kelp forests along the coast of central California harbor juvenile rockfish that prey on the larvae of invertebrates from the rocky intertidal zone. This predation reduces recruitment to barnacle populations to 1/50 of the level in the absence of fish. The dynamics of the intertidal community are thus strongly coupled to the dynamics of the offshore kelp community.

  View details for Web of Science ID A1987F689100031

  View details for PubMedID 17810342

• THE COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE - REPLY TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION Roughgarden, J. 1986; 1 (5): 132-132

  View details for Web of Science ID A1986F726800009

  View details for PubMedID 21227800

• INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION AMONG METAPOPULATIONS WITH SPACE-LIMITED SUBPOPULATIONS THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY Iwasa, Y., Roughgarden, J. 1986; 30 (2): 194-214

  View details for Web of Science ID A1986E902500004

• DYNAMICS OF A METAPOPULATION WITH SPACE-LIMITED SUBPOPULATIONS THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY Roughgarden, J., Iwasa, Y. 1986; 29 (2): 235-261

  View details for Web of Science ID A1986C026600003

• SPATIAL VARIATION IN LARVAL CONCENTRATIONS AS A CAUSE OF SPATIAL VARIATION IN SETTLEMENT FOR THE BARNACLE, BALANUS-GLANDULA OECOLOGIA Gaines, S., Brown, S., Roughgarden, J. 1985; 67 (2): 267-272

  View details for Web of Science ID A1985AQH3500019

• DEMOGRAPHIC-THEORY FOR AN OPEN MARINE POPULATION WITH SPACE-LIMITED RECRUITMENT ECOLOGY Roughgarden, J., Iwasa, Y., Baxter, C. 1985; 66 (1): 54-67

  View details for Web of Science ID A1985ABS6200006

• POPULATION EXPERIMENTS WITH THE ANOLIS LIZARDS OF ST-MAARTEN AND ST-EUSTATIUS ECOLOGY Pacala, S. W., Roughgarden, J. 1985; 66 (1): 129-141

  View details for Web of Science ID A1985ABS6200013

• A THEORY OF FAUNAL BUILDUP FOR COMPETITION COMMUNITIES EVOLUTION Rummel, J. D., Roughgarden, J. 1985; 39 (5): 1009-1033

  View details for Web of Science ID A1985ART7200005

• EFFECTS OF REDUCED PERCH-HEIGHT SEPARATION ON COMPETITION BETWEEN 2 ANOLIS LIZARDS ECOLOGY Rummel, J. D., Roughgarden, J. 1985; 66 (2): 430-444

  View details for Web of Science ID A1985AEV8400011

• GROWTH, MORPHOLOGY, AND LABORATORY CULTURE OF LARVAE OF BALANUS-GLANDULA (CIRRIPEDIA, THORACICA) JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY Brown, S. K., Roughgarden, J. 1985; 5 (4): 574-590

  View details for Web of Science ID A1985AUF8100002

• LARVAL SETTLEMENT RATE - A LEADING DETERMINANT OF STRUCTURE IN AN ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY OF THE MARINE INTERTIDAL ZONE PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Gaines, S., Roughgarden, J. 1985; 82 (11): 3707-3711

  Abstract

  Field studies demonstrate that the population structure of the barnacle Balanus glandula differs between locations of high and low larval settlement rate. These observations, together with results from a model for the demography of an open, space-limited population, suggest that the settlement rate may be a more important determinant of rocky intertidal community structure than is presently realized. Locations with a low larval settlement rate exhibit a generally low abundance of barnacles that varies slightly within years and greatly between years, reflecting yearly differences in settlement. Locations with a high-settlement rate exhibit a generally high abudance of barnacles. However, the abundance varies greatly within years with a significant oscillatory component (period, 30 weeks) and only slightly between years regardless of yearly differences in settlement. At the low-settlement location mortality of barnacles is independent of the area occupied by barnacles. At the high-settlement location mortality is cover-dependent due to increased predation by starfish on areas of high barnacle cover. In both locations the cover-independent component of mortality does not vary with age during the first 60 weeks. As assumed in the demographic model, the kinetics of larval settlement can be described as a process in which the rate of settlement to a quadrat is proportional to the fraction of vacant space within the quadrat. Generalizations that the highest species diversity in a rocky intertidal community is found at locations of intermediate disturbance, and that competition causes zonation between species of the barnacle genera Balanus and Chthamalus, seem to apply only to locations with high-settlement rates.

  View details for Web of Science ID A1985AKB7900039

  View details for PubMedID 16593571

• A MODEL FOR THE DYNAMICS OF AN ANNUAL PLANT-POPULATION THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY Holsinger, K. E., Roughgarden, J. 1985; 28 (3): 288-313

  View details for Web of Science ID A1985AWA7300003

• STORAGE-ALLOCATION IN SEASONAL RACES OF AN ANNUAL PLANT - OPTIMAL VERSUS ACTUAL ALLOCATION ECOLOGY Chiariello, N., Roughgarden, J. 1984; 65 (4): 1290-1301

  View details for Web of Science ID A1984TC00600024

• SHOOT ROOT BALANCE OF PLANTS - OPTIMAL-GROWTH OF A SYSTEM WITH MANY VEGETATIVE ORGANS THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY Iwasa, Y., Roughgarden, J. 1984; 25 (1): 78-105

  View details for Web of Science ID A1984SH29400006

• CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD ABUNDANCE BY ANOLIS LIZARDS ON ST-EUSTATIUS (NETH ANTILLES) OECOLOGIA Pacala, S., Roughgarden, J. 1984; 64 (2): 160-162

  View details for Web of Science ID A1984TN84700003

• FORAGING BY PASSERINE BIRDS AND ANOLIS LIZARDS ON ST-EUSTATIUS (NETH ANTILLES) - IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERCLASS COMPETITION, AND PREDATION OECOLOGIA Adolph, S. C., Roughgarden, J. 1983; 56 (2-3): 313-317

  View details for Web of Science ID A1983QD66500023

• COMPETITION AND THEORY IN COMMUNITY ECOLOGY AMERICAN NATURALIST Roughgarden, J. 1983; 122 (5): 583-601

  View details for Web of Science ID A1983RN13600001

• SOME DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INVASION-STRUCTURED AND COEVOLUTION-STRUCTURED COMPETITIVE COMMUNITIES - A PRELIMINARY THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS OIKOS Rummel, J. D., Roughgarden, J. 1983; 41 (3): 477-486

  View details for Web of Science ID A1983RX64800020

• ENERGY ALLOCATION PATTERNS OF THE CALIFORNIA GRASSLAND ANNUALS PLANTAGO-ERECTA AND CLARKIA-RUBICUNDA ECOLOGY King, D., Roughgarden, J. 1983; 64 (1): 16-24

  View details for Web of Science ID A1983QA56800003

• THE EVOLUTION OF RESOURCE PARTITIONING IN A MULTIDIMENSIONAL RESOURCE SPACE THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY Pacala, S. W., Roughgarden, J. 1982; 22 (1): 127-145

  View details for Web of Science ID A1982PL33200008

  View details for PubMedID 7147206

• THE ROLE OF RAPID DISPERSAL IN THE POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF COMPETITION THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY Shigesada, N., Roughgarden, J. 1982; 21 (3): 353-372

  View details for Web of Science ID A1982PA22100004

• GRADED ALLOCATION BETWEEN VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH FOR ANNUAL PLANTS IN GROWING SEASONS OF RANDOM LENGTH THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY King, D., Roughgarden, J. 1982; 22 (1): 1-16

  View details for Web of Science ID A1982PL33200001

• SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY AND INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY Pacala, S. W., Roughgarden, J. 1982; 21 (1): 92-113

  View details for Web of Science ID A1982NJ30600007

• MULTIPLE SWITCHES BETWEEN VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH IN ANNUAL PLANTS THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY King, D., Roughgarden, J. 1982; 21 (2): 194-204

  View details for Web of Science ID A1982NQ47700003

• RESOURCE PARTITIONING AND INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION IN 2 2-SPECIES INSULAR ANOLIS LIZARD COMMUNITIES SCIENCE Pacala, S., Roughgarden, J. 1982; 217 (4558): 444-446

  Abstract

  Population experiments with Anolis lizard species demonstrate a relation between the amount of between-species competition and the degree of interspecific resource partitioning (the more the partitioning the less the competition). Specifically, the amount of resource partitioning between the two species (Anolis gingivinus and Anolis wattsi pogus) on the island of St. Maarten is less than that between the two species (Anolis bimaculatus and Anolis wattsi schwartzi) on the island of St. Eustatius. The presence of Anolis wattsi both lowers the growth rates and raises the perch heights of Anolis gingivinus individuals. In contrast, Anolis wattsi has no effect on Anolis bimaculatus. Thus, when there is less resource partitioning, Anolis wattsi has a greater competitive effect. This verifies, for these species, a central assumption of competition theory: the strength of between-species competition is inversely related to the amount of interspecific resource partitioning.

  View details for Web of Science ID A1982NY36400025

  View details for PubMedID 17782979

• THE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF CORAL-REEF FISHES AMERICAN NATURALIST ANDERSON, G. R., EHRLICH, A. H., Ehrlich, P. R., ROUGHGARDEN, J. D., Russell, B. C., TALBOT, F. H. 1981; 117 (4): 476-495

  View details for Web of Science ID A1981LK30700004

• RESOURCE PARTITIONING OF SPACE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO BODY-TEMPERATURE IN ANOLIS LIZARD POPULATIONS OECOLOGIA Roughgarden, J., Porter, W., Heckel, D. 1981; 50 (2): 256-264

  View details for Web of Science ID A1981ME90900022

• A SPECIES NEAR ITS EQUILIBRIUM SIZE IN A FLUCTUATING ENVIRONMENT CAN EVOLVE A LOWER INTRINSIC RATE OF INCREASE PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Heckel, D. G., Roughgarden, J. 1980; 77 (12): 7497-7500

  Abstract

  In one specific model of a density-regulated population undergoing natural selection in a fluctuating environment there is a systematic evolutionary pressure favoring a lower intrinsic rate of increase, which can sometimes even overcome an evolutionary pressure favoring a higher carrying capacity.

  View details for Web of Science ID A1980LC49400107

  View details for PubMedID 16592938

• TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING THE SIZE OF LIZARD POPULATIONS ECOLOGY Heckel, D. G., Roughgarden, J. 1979; 60 (5): 966-975

  View details for Web of Science ID A1979JE21800013

• LOCAL CONCEPT OF STRUCTURAL HOMOLOGY FOR ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES WITH EXAMPLES FROM SIMPLE COMMUNITIES OF WEST-INDIAN ANOLIS LIZARDS FORTSCHRITTE DER ZOOLOGIE Roughgarden, J. 1979; 25 (2-3): 149-157

  View details for Web of Science ID A1979HL89700009

• INFLUENCE OF COMPETITION ON PATCHINESS IN A RANDOM ENVIRONMENT THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY Roughgarden, J. 1978; 14 (2): 185-203

  View details for Web of Science ID A1978GA18900002

  View details for PubMedID 746488

• ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF SIZE IN SOLITARY POPULATIONS OF WEST-INDIAN ANOLIS LIZARDS OIKOS ROUGHGARDEN, J. D., Fuentes, E. 1977; 29 (1): 44-51

  View details for Web of Science ID A1977DW06800005

• SPECIES PACKING IN 2 DIMENSIONS AMERICAN NATURALIST Yoshiyama, R. M., Roughgarden, J. 1977; 111 (977): 107-121

  View details for Web of Science ID A1977DB73200009

• RESOURCE PARTITIONING AMONG COMPETING SPECIES - CO-EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY Roughgarden, J. 1976; 9 (3): 388-424

  View details for Web of Science ID A1976CE07600005

  View details for PubMedID 785676

• POPULATIONS STATIONARY DISTRIBUTION AND CHANCE OF EXTINCTION IN A STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENT WITH REMARKS ON THEORY OF SPECIES PACKING THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY Feldman, M. W., Roughgarden, J. 1975; 7 (2): 197-207

  View details for Web of Science ID A1975W295600005

  View details for PubMedID 1145503

• SIMPLE MODEL FOR POPULATION-DYNAMICS IN STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTS AMERICAN NATURALIST Roughgarden, J. 1975; 109 (970): 713-736

  View details for Web of Science ID A1975BC40400007

• POPULATION-DYNAMICS IN A STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENT - SPECTRAL THEORY FOR LINEARIZED N-SPECIES LOTKA-VOLTERRA COMPETITION EQUATIONS THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY Roughgarden, J. 1975; 7 (1): 1-12

  View details for Web of Science ID A1975V784500001

  View details for PubMedID 1129713

• SPECIES PACKING AND PREDATION PRESSURE ECOLOGY Roughgarden, J., Feldman, M. 1975; 56 (2): 489-492

  View details for Web of Science ID A1975AD01000024

• EVOLUTION OF MARINE SYMBIOSIS - SIMPLE COST-BENEFIT MODEL ECOLOGY Roughgarden, J. 1975; 56 (5): 1201-1208

  View details for Web of Science ID A1975AZ20700018