Jon Krosnick

All Publications

• Resistance to purchasing all-electric vehicles: Evidence from a national survey JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Macinnis, B., Krosnick, J. A., Mcdonald, J. 2023; 91

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102114

  View details for Web of Science ID 001078135800001

• Americans' Attitudes toward the Affordable Care Act: What Role Do Beliefs Play? ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE Li, G., Pasek, J., Krosnick, J. A., Stark, T. H., Agiesta, J., Sood, G., Tompson, T., Gross, W. 2022; 700 (1): 41-54

  View details for DOI 10.1177/00027162221098020

  View details for Web of Science ID 000791952600003

• Lack of Replication or Generalization? Cultural Values Explain a Question Wording Effect JOURNAL OF SURVEY STATISTICS AND METHODOLOGY Silber, H., Tvinnereim, E., Stark, T. H., Blom, A. G., Krosnick, J. A., Bosnjak, M., Clement, S., Cornilleau, A., Cousteaux, A., John, M., Jonsdottir, G., Lawson, K., Lynn, P., Martinsson, J., Shamshiri-Petersen, D., Tu, S. 2021

  View details for DOI 10.1093/jssam/smab007

  View details for Web of Science ID 000792274000001

• Public opinion on climate change in the USA: to what extent can it be nudged by questionnaire design features? CLIMATIC CHANGE Chen, C., MacInnis, B., Waltman, M., Krosnick, J. A. 2021; 167 (3-4)

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10584-021-03194-x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000684214700001

• Candidate name order effects in New Hampshire: Evidence from primaries and from general elections with party column ballots. PloS one MacInnis, B. n., Miller, J. M., Krosnick, J. A., Below, C. n., Lindner, M. n. 2021; 16 (3): e0248049

  Abstract

  Research in a few U.S. states has shown that candidates listed first on ballots gain extra votes as a result. This study explored name order effects for the first time in New Hampshire, where such effects might be weak or entirely absent because of high political engagement and the use of party column ballots. In general elections (in 2012 and 2016) for federal offices and the governorship and in primaries (in 2000, 2002, and 2004), evidence of primacy effects appeared in 86% of the 84 tests, including the 2016 presidential race, when Donald Trump gained 1.7 percentage points from first listing, and Hillary Clinton gained 1.5 percentage points. Consistent with theoretical predictions, primacy effects were larger in primaries and for major-party candidates in general elections than for non-major-party candidates in general elections, more pronounced in less publicized contests, and stronger in contests without an incumbent running. All of this constitutes evidence of the reliability and generalizability of evidence on candidate name order effects and their moderators.

  View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0248049

  View details for PubMedID 33725009

• The Turnout Gap in Surveys: Explanations and Solutions SOCIOLOGICAL METHODS & RESEARCH DeBell, M., Krosnick, J. A., Gera, K., Yeager, D. S., McDonald, M. P. 2020; 49 (4): 1133–62

  View details for DOI 10.1177/0049124118769085

  View details for Web of Science ID 000591203300009

• Generalization of Classic Question Order Effects Across Cultures SOCIOLOGICAL METHODS & RESEARCH Stark, T. H., Silber, H., Krosnick, J. A., Blom, A. G., Aoyagi, M., Belchior, A., Bosnjak, M., Clement, S., John, M., Jonsdottir, G., Lawson, K., Lynn, P., Martinsson, J., Shamshiri-Petersen, D., Tvinnereim, E., Yu, R. 2020; 49 (3): 567–602

  View details for DOI 10.1177/0049124117747304

  View details for Web of Science ID 000548592300001

• A REVIEW OF CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON PROBABILITY AND NONPROBABILITY SAMPLE SURVEY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SURVEY STATISTICS AND METHODOLOGY Cornesse, C., Blom, A. G., Dutwin, D., Krosnick, J. A., De Leeuw, E. D., Legleye, S., Pasek, J., Pennay, D., Phillips, B., Sakshaug, J. W., Struminskaya, B., Wenz, A. 2020; 8 (1): 4–36

  View details for DOI 10.1093/jssam/smz041

  View details for Web of Science ID 000529830900003

• RELATIONS BETWEEN VARIABLES AND TRENDS OVER TIME IN RDD TELEPHONE AND NONPROBABILITY SAMPLE INTERNET SURVEYS JOURNAL OF SURVEY STATISTICS AND METHODOLOGY Pasek, J., Krosnick, J. A. 2020; 8 (1): 37–61

  View details for DOI 10.1093/jssam/smz059

  View details for Web of Science ID 000529830900004

• Moderation of Classic Social Psychological Effects by Demographics in the US Adult Population: New Opportunities for Theoretical Advancement JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Yeager, D. S., Krosnick, J. A., Visser, P. S., Holbrook, A. L., Tahk, A. M. 2019; 117 (6): E84–E99

  Abstract

  For decades, social psychologists have collected data primarily from college undergraduates and, recently, from haphazard samples of adults. Yet researchers have routinely presumed that thus observed treatment effects characterize "people" in general. Tests of seven highly cited social psychological phenomena (two involving opinion change resulting from social influence and five involving the use of heuristics in social judgments) using data collected from randomly sampled, representative groups of American adults documented generalizability of the six phenomena that have been replicated previously with undergraduate samples. The 1 phenomenon (a cross-over interaction revealing an ease of retrieval effect) that has not been replicated successfully previously in undergraduate samples was also not observed here. However, the observed effect sizes for the replicated phenomena were notably smaller on average than the meta-analytic effect sizes documented by past studies of college students. Furthermore, the phenomena were strongest among participants with the demographic characteristics of the college students who typically provided data for past published studies, even after correcting for publication bias in past studies using a new method, called the behaviorally-informed file-drawer adjustment. The six successful replications suggest that phenomena identified in traditional laboratory research also appear as expected in representative samples but more weakly, so observed effect sizes should be generalized with caution. The evidence of demographic moderators suggests interesting opportunities for future research to better understand the mechanisms of the effects and their limiting conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

  View details for DOI 10.1037/pspa0000171

  View details for Web of Science ID 000496714600001

  View details for PubMedID 31464480

• Acknowledging uncertainty impacts public acceptance of climate scientists' predictions NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE Howe, L. C., MacInnis, B., Krosnick, J. A., Markowitz, E. M., Socolow, R. 2019; 9 (11): 863-+

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41558-019-0587-5

  View details for Web of Science ID 000493735100020

• The Impact of Social Desirability Pressures on Whites' Endorsement of Racial Stereotypes: A Comparison Between Oral and ACASI Reports in a National Survey SOCIOLOGICAL METHODS & RESEARCH Stark, T. H., van Maaren, F. M., Krosnick, J. A., Sood, G. 2019

  View details for DOI 10.1177/0049124119875959

  View details for Web of Science ID 000489418100001

• Middle alternatives and measurement validity: a recommendation for survey researchers INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Wang, R., Krosnick, J. A. 2019

  View details for DOI 10.1080/13645579.2019.1645384

  View details for Web of Science ID 000478153700001

• Perception of public opinion on global warming and the role of opinion deviance JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Abeles, A. T., Howe, L. C., Krosnick, J. A., MacInnis, B. 2019; 63: 118–29

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.04.001

  View details for Web of Science ID 000473377300014

• Race of Interviewer Effects in Telephone Surveys Preceding the 2008 US Presidential Election INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC OPINION RESEARCH Kim, N., Krosnick, J. A., Lelkes, Y. 2019; 31 (2): 220–42

  View details for DOI 10.1093/ijpor/edy005

  View details for Web of Science ID 000481425700002

• THE MEASUREMENT OF ATTITUDES Krosnick, J. A., Judd, C. M., Wittenbrink, B., Albarracin, D., Johnson, B. T. ROUTLEDGE. 2019: 45–105

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461333400002

• A Social Psychological Model of Scientific Practices: Explaining Research Practices and Outlining the Potential for Successful Reforms. Psychologica Belgica Jussim, L. n., Krosnick, J. A., Stevens, S. T., Anglin, S. M. 2019; 59 (1): 353–72

  Abstract

  A crescendo of incidents have raised concerns about whether scientific practices in psychology may be suboptimal, sometimes leading to the publication, dissemination, and application of unreliable or misinterpreted findings. Psychology has been a leader in identifying possibly suboptimal practices and proposing reforms that might enhance the efficiency of the scientific process and the publication of robust evidence and interpretations. To help shape future efforts, this paper offers a model of the psychological and socio-structural forces and processes that may influence scientists' practices. The model identifies practices targeted by interventions and reforms, and which practices remain unaddressed. The model also suggests directions for empirical research to assess how best to enhance the effectiveness of psychological inquiry.

  View details for DOI 10.5334/pb.496

  View details for PubMedID 31565236

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6743032

• The Accuracy of Measurements with Probability and Nonprobability Survey Samples: Replication and Extension PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY MacInnis, B., Krosnick, J. A., Ho, A. S., Cho, M. 2018; 82 (4): 707–44

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nfy038

  View details for Web of Science ID 000462590000005

• Racial Attitudes Predicted Changes in Ostensibly Race-Neutral Political Attitudes Under the Obama Administration POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY Lundberg, K. B., Payne, B. K., Pasek, J., Krosnick, J. A. 2017; 38 (2): 313-330

  View details for DOI 10.1111/pops.12315

  View details for Web of Science ID 000397952000008

• Attitude Strength. Annual review of psychology Howe, L. C., Krosnick, J. A. 2017; 68: 327-351

  Abstract

  Attitude strength has been the focus of a huge volume of research in psychology and related sciences for decades. The insights offered by this literature have tremendous value for understanding attitude functioning and structure and for the effective application of the attitude concept in applied settings. This is the first Annual Review of Psychology article on the topic, and it offers a review of theory and evidence regarding one of the most researched strength-related attitude features: attitude importance. Personal importance is attached to an attitude when the attitude is perceived to be relevant to self-interest, social identification with reference groups or reference individuals, and values. Attaching personal importance to an attitude causes crystallizing of attitudes (via enhanced resistance to change), effortful gathering and processing of relevant information, accumulation of a large store of well-organized relevant information in long-term memory, enhanced attitude extremity and accessibility, enhanced attitude impact on the regulation of interpersonal attraction, energizing of emotional reactions, and enhanced impact of attitudes on behavioral intentions and action. Thus, important attitudes are real and consequential psychological forces, and their study offers opportunities for addressing behavioral change.

  View details for DOI 10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033600

  View details for PubMedID 27618943

• GENSI: A new graphical tool to collect ego-centered network data SOCIAL NETWORKS Stark, T. H., Krosnick, J. A. 2017; 48: 36-45

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.socnet.2016.07.007

  View details for Web of Science ID 000389730200004

• Contingent valuation: Flawed logic?-Response. Science (New York, N.Y.) Bishop, R. C., Boyle, K. J., Carson, R. T., Chapman, D. n., Hanemann, W. M., Kanninen, B. n., Kopp, R. J., Krosnick, J. n., List, J. n., Meade, N. n., Paterson, R. n., Presser, S. n., Smith, V. K., Tourangeau, R. n., Welsh, M. n., Wooldridge, J. M., De Bell, M. n., Donovan, C. n., Konopka, M. n., Scherer, N. n. 2017; 357 (6349): 363–64

  View details for PubMedID 28751600

• Perceptions of health risks of cigarette smoking: A new measure reveals widespread misunderstanding. PloS one Krosnick, J. A., Malhotra, N. n., Mo, C. H., Bruera, E. F., Chang, L. n., Pasek, J. n., Thomas, R. K. 2017; 12 (8): e0182063

  Abstract

  Most Americans recognize that smoking causes serious diseases, yet many Americans continue to smoke. One possible explanation for this paradox is that perhaps Americans do not accurately perceive the extent to which smoking increases the probability of adverse health outcomes. This paper examines the accuracy of Americans' perceptions of the absolute risk, attributable risk, and relative risk of lung cancer, and assesses which of these beliefs drive Americans' smoking behavior. Using data from three national surveys, statistical analyses were performed by comparing means, medians, and distributions, and by employing Generalized Additive Models. Perceptions of relative risk were associated as expected with smoking onset and smoking cessation, whereas perceptions of absolute risk and attributable risk were not. Additionally, the relation of relative risk with smoking status was stronger among people who held their risk perceptions with more certainty. Most current smokers, former smokers, and never-smokers considerably underestimated the relative risk of smoking. If, as this paper suggests, people naturally think about the health consequences of smoking in terms of relative risk, smoking rates might be reduced if public understanding of the relative risks of smoking were more accurate and people held those beliefs with more confidence.

  View details for PubMedID 28806420

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5555635

• MEASURING VOTER REGISTRATION AND TURNOUT IN SURVEYS DO OFFICIAL GOVERNMENT RECORDS YIELD MORE ACCURATE ASSESSMENTS? PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Berent, M. K., Krosnick, J. A., Lupia, A. 2016; 80 (3): 597-621

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nfw021

  View details for Web of Science ID 000383722200001

• On the adequacy of scope test results: Comments on Desvousges, Mathews, and Train ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS Chapman, D. J., Bishop, R. C., Hanemann, W., Kanninen, B. J., Krosnick, J. A., Morey, E. R., Tourangeau, R. 2016; 130: 356-360

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.05.022

  View details for Web of Science ID 000383944800034

• What motivates a conspiracy theory? Birther beliefs, partisanship, liberal-conservative ideology, and anti-Black attitudes ELECTORAL STUDIES Pasek, J., Stark, T. H., Krosnick, J. A., Tompson, T. 2015; 40: 482-489

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.electstud.2014.09.009

  View details for Web of Science ID 000367276800049

• Moderators of Candidate Name-Order Effects in Elections: An Experiment POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY Kim, N., Krosnick, J., Casasanto, D. 2015; 36 (5): 525-542

  View details for DOI 10.1111/pops.12178

  View details for Web of Science ID 000361039200003

• Misinformed About the Affordable Care Act? Leveraging Certainty to Assess the Prevalence of Misperceptions JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION Pasek, J., Sood, G., Krosnick, J. A. 2015; 65 (4): 660-673

  View details for DOI 10.1111/jcom.12165

  View details for Web of Science ID 000358695900006

• The American public's preference for preparation for the possible effects of global warming: impact of communication strategies CLIMATIC CHANGE MacInnis, B., Krosnick, J. A., Abeles, A., Caldwell, M. R., Prahler, E., Dunne, D. D. 2015; 128 (1-2): 17-33

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10584-014-1286-x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000346236800002

• Fox and Not-Fox Television News Impact on Opinions on Global Warming Selective Exposure, Not Motivated Reasoning Krosnick, J. A., MacInnis, B., Forgas, J. P., Fiedler, K., Crano, W. D. ROUTLEDGE. 2015: 75-90

  View details for Web of Science ID 000424433500005

• The impact of candidate name order on election outcomes in North Dakota ELECTORAL STUDIES Chen, E., Simonovits, G., Krosnick, J. A., Pasek, J. 2014; 35: 115-122

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.electstud.2014.04.018

  View details for Web of Science ID 000340994900011

• PREVALENCE AND MODERATORS OF THE CANDIDATE NAME-ORDER EFFECT EVIDENCE FROM STATEWIDE GENERAL ELECTIONS IN CALIFORNIA PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Pasek, J., Schneider, D., Krosnick, J. A., Tahk, A., Ophir, E., Milligan, C. 2014; 78 (2): 416-439

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nfu013

  View details for Web of Science ID 000343202300003

• PUBLIC MISUNDERSTANDING OF POLITICAL FACTS: HOW QUESTION WORDING AFFECTED ESTIMATES OF PARTISAN DIFFERENCES IN BIRTHERISM PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Krosnick, J. A., Malhotra, N., Mittal, U. 2014; 78 (1): 147-165

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nft080

  View details for Web of Science ID 000339949000007

• Choosing the Number of Categories in Agree-Disagree Scales SOCIOLOGICAL METHODS & RESEARCH Revilla, M. A., Saris, W. E., Krosnick, J. A. 2014; 43 (1): 73-97

  View details for DOI 10.1177/0049124113509605

  View details for Web of Science ID 000330597100004

• Online panel research: History, concepts, applications, and a look at the future Online panel research: A data quality perspective Callegaro, M., Baker, R., Bethlehem, J., Göritz, A., Krosnick, J. A., Lavrakas, P. J. edited by Callegaro, M., Baker, R., Bethlehem, J., Göritz, A., Krosnick, J. A., Lavrakas, P. J. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley and Sons. 2014
• Survey Research HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH METHODS IN SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY, SECOND EDITION Krosnick, J. A., Lavrakas, P. J., Kim, N., Reis, H. T., Judd, C. M. 2014: 404-442

  View details for Web of Science ID 000338433400018

• A critical review of studies investigating the quality of data obtained with online panels based on probability and nonprobability samples ONLINE PANEL RESEARCH: A DATA QUALITY PERSPECTIVE Callegaro, M., Villar, A., Yeager, D., Krosnick, J. A., Callegaro, M., Baker, R., Bethlehem, J., Goritz, A. S., Krosnick, J. A., Lavrakas, P. J. 2014: 23-53

  View details for Web of Science ID 000354807500003

• Online Panel Research A Data Quality Perspective Introduction to Part I ONLINE PANEL RESEARCH: A DATA QUALITY PERSPECTIVE Callegaro, M., Krosnick, J. A., Callegaro, M., Baker, R., Bethlehem, J., Goritz, A. S., Krosnick, J. A., Lavrakas, P. J. 2014: 56-60

  View details for Web of Science ID 000354807500004

• Online panel research History, concepts, applications and a look at the future ONLINE PANEL RESEARCH: A DATA QUALITY PERSPECTIVE Callegaro, M., Baker, R., Bethlehem, J., Goeritz, A. S., Krosnick, J. A., Lavrakas, P. J., Callegaro, M., Baker, R., Bethlehem, J., Goritz, A. S., Krosnick, J. A., Lavrakas, P. J. 2014: 1-22

  View details for Web of Science ID 000354807500002

• Online Panel Research A Data Quality Perspective Introduction to Part V ONLINE PANEL RESEARCH: A DATA QUALITY PERSPECTIVE Goeritz, A. S., Krosnick, J. A., Callegaro, M., Baker, R., Bethlehem, J., Goritz, A. S., Krosnick, J. A., Lavrakas, P. J. 2014: 312

  View details for Web of Science ID 000354807500019

• Answering Questions A Comparison of Survey Satisficing and Mindlessness WILEY BLACKWELL HANDBOOK OF MINDFULNESS, VOLS I AND II Vannette, D. L., Krosnick, J. A., Ie, A., Ngnoumen, C. T., Langer, E. J. 2014: 312-327

  View details for Web of Science ID 000354891500020

• Online panel research: A data quality perspective edited by Callegaro, M., Baker, R., Bethlehem, J., Göritz, A., Krosnick, J. A., Lavrakas, P. J. 2014
• A comparison of mindless and survey satisficing The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Mindfulness Vannette, D. L., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Ie, A., Ngnoumen, C. T., Langer, E. J. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons. 2014
• The impact of candidate name order on election outcomes in North Dakota Electoral Studies Chen, E., Simonovits, G., Krosnick, J. A., Pasek, J. 2014; 35: 115-122
• A critical review of studies investigating the quality of data obtained with online panels Online panel research: A data quality perspective Callegaro, M., Villar, A., Krosnick, J. A., Yeager, D. edited by Callegaro, M., Baker, R., Bethlehem, J., Göritz, A., Krosnick, J. A., Lavrakas, P. J. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley and Sons. 2014
• ATTITUDES TOWARD BLACKS IN THE OBAMA ERA CHANGING DISTRIBUTIONS AND IMPACTS ON JOB APPROVAL AND ELECTORAL CHOICE, 2008-2012 PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Pasek, J., Stark, T. H., Krosnick, J. A., Tompson, T., Payne, B. K. 2014; 78: 276-302

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nfu012

  View details for Web of Science ID 000338832200005

• Public misunderstanding of political facts: How question wording affected estimates of partisan differences in birtherism Public Opinion Quarterly Krosnick, J. A., Malhotra, N., Mittal, U. 2014; 78: 147-165
• The impact of the Gulf War on the ingredients of presidential evaluations: Multidimensional effects of political involvement Methodological Innovations in Social Psychology Krosnick, J. A., Brannon, L. A. edited by Reis, H. T. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 2014: 963–975
• Survey research Handbook of research methods in social psychology Krosnick, J. A., Kim, N., Lavrakas, P. edited by Reis, H. T., Judd, C. M. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2014; Second
• Introduction to Part IV Online panel research: A data quality perspective Göritz, A., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Callegaro, M., Baker, R., Bethlehem, J., Göritz, A., Krosnick, J. A., Lavrakas, P. J. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley and Sons. 2014
• Introduction to Part I. Online panel research: A data quality perspective Callegaro, M., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Callegaro, M., Baker, R., Bethlehem, J., Göritz, A., Krosnick, J. A., Lavrakas, P. J. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley and Sons. 2014
• Does the American Public Support Legislation to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions? DAEDALUS Krosnick, J. A., MacInnis, B. 2013; 142 (1): 26-39

  View details for Web of Science ID 000313760800003

• Attitude strength: One construct or many related constructs? Social Cognition Krosnick, J. A., Boninger, D. S., Chuang, Y. C., Berent, M. K., Carnot, C. G. edited by Fiske, S. T. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 2013
• A NEW QUESTION SEQUENCE TO MEASURE VOTER TURNOUT IN TELEPHONE SURVEYS RESULTS OF AN EXPERIMENT IN THE 2006 ANES PILOT STUDY PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Holbrook, A. L., Krosnick, J. A. 2013; 77: 106-123

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nfs061

  View details for Web of Science ID 000316740400007

• Complete anonymity compromises the accuracy of self-reports JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Lelkes, Y., Krosnick, J. A., Marx, D. M., Judd, C. M., Park, B. 2012; 48 (6): 1291-1299

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.07.002

  View details for Web of Science ID 000310107900007

• Improving ability measurement in surveys by following the principles of IRT: The Wordsum vocabulary test in the General Social Survey SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH Cor, M. K., Haertel, E., Krosnick, J. A., Malhotra, N. 2012; 41 (5): 1003-1016

  Abstract

  Survey researchers often administer batteries of questions to measure respondents' abilities, but these batteries are not always designed in keeping with the principles of optimal test construction. This paper illustrates one instance in which following these principles can improve a measurement tool used widely in the social and behavioral sciences: the GSS's vocabulary test called "Wordsum". This ten-item test is composed of very difficult items and very easy items, and item response theory (IRT) suggests that the omission of moderately difficult items is likely to have handicapped Wordsum's effectiveness. Analyses of data from national samples of thousands of American adults show that after adding four moderately difficult items to create a 14-item battery, "Wordsumplus" (1) outperformed the original battery in terms of quality indicators suggested by classical test theory; (2) reduced the standard error of IRT ability estimates in the middle of the latent ability dimension; and (3) exhibited higher concurrent validity. These findings show how to improve Wordsum and suggest that analysts should use a score based on all 14 items instead of using the summary score provided by the GSS, which is based on only the original 10 items. These results also show more generally how surveys measuring abilities (and other constructs) can benefit from careful application of insights from the contemporary educational testing literature.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.05.007

  View details for Web of Science ID 000306620600001

  View details for PubMedID 23017913

• Does Mentioning "Some People" and "Other People" in an Opinion Question Improve Measurement Quality? PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Yeager, D. S., Krosnick, J. A. 2012; 76 (1): 131-141

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nfr066

  View details for Web of Science ID 000301068300008

• Public opinion on environmental policy in the United States Handbook of U.S. Environmental Policy Daniels, D. P., Krosnick, J. A., Tichy, M. P., Tompson, T. edited by Kraft, M., Kamieniecki, S. New York: Oxford University Press. 2012
• The development of attitude strength over the life cycle: Surge and decline The psychology of attitudes: Key readings Visser, P. S., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Haddock, G., Madio, G. R. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 2012
• Does Mentioning "Some People" and "Other People" in a Survey Question Increase the Accuracy of Adolescents' Self-Reports? DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Yeager, D. S., Krosnick, J. A. 2011; 47 (6): 1674-1679

  Abstract

  A great deal of developmental research has relied on self-reports solicited using the "some/other" question format ("Some students think that… but other students think that…"). This article reports tests of the assumptions underlying its use: that it conveys to adolescents that socially undesirable attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors are not uncommon and legitimizes reporting them, yielding more valid self-reports than would be obtained by "direct" questions, which do not mention what other people think or do. A meta-analysis of 11 experiments embedded in four surveys of diverse samples of adolescents did not support the assumption that the some/other form increases validity. Although the some/other form led adolescents to think that undesirable attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors were more common and resulted in more reports of those attitudes and behaviors, answers to some/other questions were lower in criterion validity than were answers to direct questions. Because some/other questions take longer to ask and answer and require greater cognitive effort from participants (because they involve more words), and because they decrease measurement accuracy, the some/other question format seems best avoided.

  View details for DOI 10.1037/a0025440

  View details for Web of Science ID 000296613600015

  View details for PubMedID 21910530

• Measuring Americans' Issue Priorities PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Yeager, D. S., Larson, S. B., Krosnick, J. A., Tompson, T. 2011; 75 (1): 125-138

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nfq075

  View details for Web of Science ID 000288268800008

• Global warming vs. climate change, taxes vs. prices: Does word choice matter? CLIMATIC CHANGE Villar, A., Krosnick, J. A. 2011; 105 (1-2): 1-12

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10584-010-9882-x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000287508700001

• Re: Response to the Validity of Self-Reported Nicotine Product Use in the 2001-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey MEDICAL CARE Yeager, D., Krosnick, J. A. 2011; 49 (3): 332-332

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MLR.0b013e318211ffd1

  View details for Web of Science ID 000287240300017

• COMPARING THE ACCURACY OF RDD TELEPHONE SURVEYS AND INTERNET SURVEYS CONDUCTED WITH PROBABILITY AND NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLES PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Yeager, D. S., Krosnick, J. A., Chang, L., Javitz, H. S., Levendusky, M. S., Simpser, A., Wang, R. 2011; 75 (4): 709-747

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nfr020

  View details for Web of Science ID 000296630500005

• How the ANES used online commons proposals and pilot study reports to develop its 2008 questionnaires Improving public opinion surveys: Interdisciplinary innovation and the American National Election Studies Krosnick, J. A., Lupia, A. edited by Aldrich, J. A., McGraw, K. M. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 2011
• Experiments for evaluating survey questions Question evaluation methods Krosnick, J. A. edited by Miller, K., Madans, J., Willis, G., Maitland, A. New York, NY: Wiley. 2011
• The American National Election Studies and the importance of new ideas Improving public opinion surveys: Interdisciplinary innovation and the American National Election Studies Krosnick, J. A., Lupia, A. edited by Aldrich, J. A., McGraw, K. M. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 2011
• Measuring Americans’ issue priorities: A new version of the most important problem question reveals more concern about global warming and the environment Public Opinion Quarterly Yeager, D. S., Larson, S. B., Krosnick, J. A., Tompson, T. 2011; 75: 125-138
• The Validity of Self-Reported Nicotine Product Use in the 2001-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey MEDICAL CARE Yeager, D. S., Krosnick, J. A. 2010; 48 (12): 1128-1132

  Abstract

  Many researchers rely on high-quality face-to-face national surveys conducted by the federal government to estimate the prevalence of nicotine product use, but some scholars have suggested that adults' self-reports in such surveys are intentionally distorted by social desirability response bias, thus raising questions about the validity of those data.To assess the validity of face-to-face survey self-reports by comparing them with physiological tests.Respondents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey provided self-reports of nicotine product use and gave blood samples that were analyzed for levels of serum cotinine, an indicator of nicotine exposure.Nationally representative samples of thousands of American adults in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey surveys conducted in 2001-2002, 2003-2004, 2005-2006, and 2007-2008.Serum cotinine levels and self-reports of nicotine product use.On average, only 1.17% to 1.25% of adult respondents said that they did not use a product containing nicotine, but had elevated cotinine levels. After eliminating the potential influence of passive smoking, these figures dropped to 0.89% to 0.94%. This small discrepancy between the 2 assessments could be due to measurement error in the cotinine test results or to recent use of cotinine-elevating medication.These data do not support the claim that a substantial number of adult respondents intentionally under-report nicotine consumption in face-to-face interviews. The remarkable accuracy of self-reports of nicotine consumption seen here justifies confidence in self-reports of this behavior in such surveys.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181ef9948

  View details for Web of Science ID 000284380200013

  View details for PubMedID 20940652

• MEASURING VOTER TURNOUT BY USING THE RANDOMIZED RESPONSE TECHNIQUE EVIDENCE CALLING INTO QUESTION THE METHOD'S VALIDITY PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Holbrook, A. L., Krosnick, J. A. 2010; 74 (2): 328-343

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nfq012

  View details for Web of Science ID 000278731600007

• Comparing Oral Interviewing with Self-Administered Computerized QuestionnairesAn Experiment PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Chang, L., Krosnick, J. A. 2010; 74 (1): 154-167

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nfp090

  View details for Web of Science ID 000275270700007

• Social desirability bias in voter turnout reports PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Holbrook, A. L., Krosnick, J. A. 2010; 74 (1): 37-67

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nfp065

  View details for Web of Science ID 000275270700002

• Implicit and explicit prejudice in the 2008 American presidential election JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Payne, B. K., Krosnick, J. A., Pasek, J., Lelkes, Y., Akhtar, O., Tompson, T. 2010; 46 (2): 367-374

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.11.001

  View details for Web of Science ID 000275770300016

• Research Synthesis PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Baker, R., Blumberg, S. J., Brick, J. M., Couper, M. P., Courtright, M., Dennis, J. M., Dillman, D., Frankel, M. R., Garland, P., Groves, R. M., Kennedy, C., Krosnick, J., Lavrakas, P. J., Lee, S., Link, M., Piekarski, L., Rao, K., Thomas, R. K., Zahs, D. 2010; 74 (4): 711-781

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nfq048

  View details for Web of Science ID 000283678400006

• Question and Questionnaire Design HANDBOOK OF SURVEY RESEARCH, 2ND EDITION Krosnick, J. A., Presser, S., Marsden, P. V., Wright, J. D. 2010: 263-313

  View details for Web of Science ID 000288994600010

• Operative and Meta-Attitudinal Manifestations of Attitude Accessibility Two Different Constructs, Not Two Measures of the Same Construct Holbrook, A. L., Krosnick, J. A., Forgas, J. P., Cooper, J., Crano, W. D. PSYCHOLOGY PRESS. 2010: 109-124

  View details for Web of Science ID 000418800100007

• Comparing questions with agree/disagree response options to questions with item-specific response options Survey Research Methods Saris, W., Revilla, M., Krosnick, J. A., Shaeffer, E. 2010; 4: 61-79
• Using the American National Election Study surveys to test social psychological hypotheses Secondary Data Analysis: An Introduction for Psychologists Schneider, D., DeBell, M., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Trzesniewski, K., Donnellan, M. B., Lucas, R. E. 2010
• AAPOR report on online panels Public Opinion Quarterly Baker, R., Blumberg, S., Brick, J. M., Couper, M. P., Courtright, M., Dennis, M., Dillman, D., Frankel, M. R., Garland, P., Groves, R. M., Kennedy, C., Krosnick, J. A., Lee, D., Lavrakas, P. J., Link, M., Piekarski, L., Rao, K., Thomas, R. K., Zahs, D. 2010: 1-71
• Attitudes toward presidential candidates and political parties: Initial optimism, inertial first impressions, and a focus on flaws Political psychology Holbrook, A. L., Krosnick, J. A., Visser, P. S., Gardner, W. L., Cacioppo, J. T. edited by Lavine, H. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 2010
• Operative and meta-psychological manifestations of attitude accessibility: Two different constructs, not two measures of the same construct The Psychology of Attitudes and Attitude Change Holbrook, A. L., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Forgas, J. P., Cooper, J., Crano, W. D. Florence, Kentucky: Psychology Press. 2010
• Questionnaire design Handbook of survey research Krosnick, J. A., Presser, S. edited by Wright, J. D., Marsden, P. V. West Yorkshire, England: Emerald Group. 2010; Second
• Optimizing survey questionnaire design in political science: Insights from psychology Oxford handbook of American elections and political behavior Pasek, J., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Leighley, J. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 2010
• Social Power and Attitude Strength Over the Life Course PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Eaton, A. A., Visser, P. S., Krosnick, J. A., Anand, S. 2009; 35 (12): 1646-1660

  Abstract

  Past findings indicate that middle-aged adults in the United States tend to be more resistant to attitude change than younger and older adults, but little is known about why this is so. The authors propose that midlife adults' disproportionate occupation of high-power social roles (which call for resoluteness) may partly explain their heightened resistance to persuasion. Using nationally representative data sets, the article first documents that in various domains the possession of social power peaks in midlife. It next documents that middle-aged adults place a high value on resoluteness, which suggests that they have internalized powerful role norms. Next, it shows that directly activating the concept of social power increases the perceived value of resoluteness. Finally, it demonstrates that the possession of powerful social roles partially mediates the relationship between age and resistance to persuasion. This work is the first to uncover a mechanism responsible for changes in attitude strength over the adult life course.

  View details for DOI 10.1177/0146167209349114

  View details for Web of Science ID 000271621200008

  View details for PubMedID 19903975

• Why Do White Americans Oppose Race-Targeted Policies? Clarifying the Impact of Symbolic Racism POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY Rabinowitz, J. L., Sears, D. O., Sidanius, J., Krosnick, J. A. 2009; 30 (5): 805-828

  Abstract

  Measures of symbolic racism (SR) have often been used to tap racial prejudice toward Blacks. However, given the wording of questions used for this purpose, some of the apparent effects on attitudes toward policies to help Blacks may instead be due to political conservatism, attitudes toward government, and/or attitudes toward redistributive government policies in general. Using data from national probability sample surveys and an experiment, we explored whether SR has effects even when controlling for these potential confounds and whether its effects are specific to policies involving Blacks. Holding constant conservatism and attitudes toward limited government, SR predicted Whites' opposition to policies designed to help Blacks and more weakly predicted attitudes toward social programs whose beneficiaries were racially ambiguous. An experimental manipulation of policy beneficiaries revealed that SR predicted policy attitudes when Blacks were the beneficiary but not when women were. These findings are consistent with the claim that SR's association with racial policy preferences is not due to these confounds.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2009.00726.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000269705800006

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2805001

• Optimal Design of Branching Questions to Measure Bipolar Constructs PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Malhotra, N., Krosnick, J. A., Thomas, R. K. 2009; 73 (2): 304-324

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nfp023

  View details for Web of Science ID 000266968000004

• The Association of Knowledge with Concern About Global Warming: Trusted Information Sources Shape Public Thinking RISK ANALYSIS Malka, A., Krosnick, J. A., Langer, G. 2009; 29 (5): 633-647

  Abstract

  During the last decade, a great deal of news media attention has focused on informing the American public about scientific findings on global warming (GW). Has learning this sort of information led the American public to become more concerned about GW? Using data from two surveys of nationally representative samples of American adults, this article shows that the relation between self-reported knowledge and concern about GW is more complex than what previous research has suggested. Among people who trust scientists to provide reliable information about the environment and among Democrats and Independents, increased knowledge has been associated with increased concern. But among people who are skeptical about scientists and among Republicans more knowledge was generally not associated with greater concern. The association of knowledge with concern among Democrats and Independents who trust scientists was mediated by perceptions of consensus among scientists about GW's existence and by perceptions that humans are a principal cause of GW. Moreover, additional analyses of panel survey data produced findings consistent with the notion that more knowledge yields more concern among Democrats and Independents, but not among Republicans. Thus, when studying the relation of knowledge and concern, it is important to take into account the content of the information that different types of people acquire and choose to rely upon.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01220.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000264892100003

  View details for PubMedID 19302280

• National Surveys Via Rdd Telephone Interviewing Versus the Internet PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Chang, L., Krosnick, J. A. 2009; 73 (4): 641-678

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nfp075

  View details for Web of Science ID 000272689000002

• The psychological underpinnings of political behavior Handbook of social psychology Krosnick, J. A., Visser, P. S., Harder, J. edited by Fiske, S. T., Gilbert, D. T., Lindzey, G. New York, NY: John Wiley. 2009
• State of the nation: Getting warmer Boston Review Krosnick, J. A., Malka, A., Yeager, D. S. 2009; 34 (6)
• Altering the Foundations of Support for the President Through Priming Politisk psykologi-antologi Krosnick, J. A., Kinder, D. R. edited by Høgenhagen, T., Nielsen, S. W. Århus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press. 2009
• DETERMINANTS OF TURNOUT AND CANDIDATE CHOICE IN THE 2008 US PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION ILLUMINATING THE IMPACT OF RACIAL PREJUDICE AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Pasek, J., Tahk, A., Lelkes, Y., Krosnick, J. A., Payne, B. K., Akhtar, O., Tompson, T. 2009; 73 (5): 943-994

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nfp079

  View details for Web of Science ID 000273828100006

• Why do people vote? A psychological analysis of the causes of voter turnout JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES Harder, J., Krosnick, J. A. 2008; 64 (3): 525-549

  View details for Web of Science ID 000258219900006

• Education moderates some response effects in attitude measurement Quantitative research in education Narayan, S., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Gorard, S. London, UK: Sage Publications. 2008
• Altering the Foundations of Support for the President Through Priming Electoral Behaviour Krosnick, J. A., Kinder, D. R. edited by Arzheimer, K., Evans, J. London: Sage Publications. 2008
• Knowledge and attitudes Handbook of public opinion research Visser, P. S., Holbrook, A. L., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Donsbach, W., Traugott, M. W. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 2008
• The causes and consequences of response rates in surveys by the news media and government contractor survey research firms Advances in telephone survey methodology Holbrook, A. L., Krosnick, J. A., Pfent, A. M. edited by Lepkowski, J. M., Tucker, C., Brick, J. M., De Leeuw, E. D., Japec, L., Lavrakas, P. J., Link, M. W., Sangster, R. L. New York: Wiley. 2008
• An Evaluation of a Cognitive Theory of Response Order Effects in Survey Measurement Attitude Measurement Krosnick, J. A., Alwin, D. F. edited by Roberts, C., Jowell, R. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 2008
• The measurement of attitudes Attitude measurement Krosnick, J. A., Judd, C. M., Wittenbrink, B. edited by Roberts, C., Jowell, R. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 2008
• The impact of “no opinion” response options on data quality: Non-attitude reduction or an invitation to satisfice? Attitude measurement Krosnick, J. A., Holbrook, A. L., Berent, M. K., Carson, R. T., Hanemann, W. M., Kopp, R. J., Mitchell, R. C., Presser, S., Rnud, P. A., Smith, V. K., Moody, W. R., Green, M. C., Conaway, M. edited by Roberts, C., Jowell, R. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 2008
• Attitude Intensity, Importance and Certainty and Susceptibility to Response Effects Attitude Measurement Krosnick, J. A., Schuman, H. edited by Roberts, C., Jowell, R. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 2008
• The Causes and Consequences of Response Rates in Surveys by the News Media and Government Contractor Survey Research Firms 2nd International Conference on Telephone Survey Methodology Holbrook, A. L., Krosnick, J. A., Pfent, A. JOHN WILEY & SONS. 2008: 499–528

  View details for Web of Science ID 000321244800022

• Selective exposure to campaign communication: The role of anticipated agreement and issue public membership JOURNAL OF POLITICS Iyengar, S., Hahn, K. S., Krosnick, J. A., Walker, J. 2008; 70 (1): 186-200

  View details for DOI 10.1017/S0022381607080139

  View details for Web of Science ID 000259148000013

• Response order effects in dichotomous categorical questions presented orally - The impact of question and respondent attributes PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Holbrook, A. L., Krosnick, J. A., Moore, D., Tourangeau, R. 2007; 71 (3): 325-348

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nfm024

  View details for Web of Science ID 000249823400001

• The effect of survey mode and sampling on inferences about political attitudes and behavior: Comparing the 2000 and 2004 ANES to Internet surveys with nonprobability samples POLITICAL ANALYSIS Malhotra, N., Krosnick, J. A. 2007; 15 (3): 286-323

  View details for DOI 10.1093/pan/mpm003

  View details for Web of Science ID 000248544000005

• Retrospective and prospective performance assessments during the 2004 election campaign: Tests of mediation and news media priming Conference on the Wartime Election of 2004 Malhotra, N., Krosnick, J. A. SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS. 2007: 249–78

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s11109-007-9027-8

  View details for Web of Science ID 000246521300006

• Procedures for updating classification systems: A study of biotechnology and the standard occupational classification system Journal of Official Statistics Malhotra, N., Krosnick, J. A. 2007; 23: 409-432
• The effect of survey mode on inferences about political attitudes and behavior: Comparing the 2000 and 2004 ANES to internet surveys with non-probability samples Political Analysis Malhotra, N., Krosnick, J. A. 2007; 15: 286-323
• Reconsidering the impact of behavior prediction questions on illegal drug use: The importance of using proper analytic methods in social psychology Social Influence Schneider, D., Tahk, A., Krosnick, J. A. 2007; 2: 178-196
• Student reactions to being wrongly informed of failing a high-stakes test - The case of the Minnesota Basic Standards Test EDUCATIONAL POLICY Cornell, D. G., Krosnick, J. A., Chang, L. 2006; 20 (5): 718-751

  View details for DOI 10.1177/0895904805284123

  View details for Web of Science ID 000245062000002

• The origins and consequences of democratic citizens' policy agendas: A study of popular concern about global warming Workshop on Global Warming - The Psychology of Long Term Risk Krosnick, J. A., Holbrook, A. L., Lowe, L., Visser, P. S. SPRINGER. 2006: 7–43

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10584-006-9068-8

  View details for Web of Science ID 000239956800002

• The effects of beliefs about the health consequences of cigarette smoking on smoking onset JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION Krosnick, J. A., Chang, L., Sherman, S. J., Chassin, L., Presson, C. 2006; 56: S18-S37

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00281.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000240626400002

• Optimizing brief assessments in research on the psychology of aging: A pragmatic approach to survey and self-report measurement National Research Council, When I'm 64 Krosnick, J. A., Holbrook, A. L., Visser, P. S. edited by Carstensen, L. L., Hartnel, C. R. Washington DC: The National Academies Press. 2006
• Attitude measurement: Techniques for measuring the unobservable Persuasion: Psychological insights and perspectives Fabrigar, L. R., Krosnick, J. A., MacDougall, B. L. edited by Green, M. C., Shavitt, S., Brock, T. C. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 2006
• The measurement of values in surveys: A comparison of ratings and rankings Measurement Alwin, D. F., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Bartholomew, D. Oxford, UK: The Bardwell Press. 2006
• Exploring the latent structure of strength-related attitude attributes ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, VOL 38 Visser, P. S., Bizer, G. Y., Krosnick, J. A. 2006; 38: 1-67

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38001-X

  View details for Web of Science ID 000238389500001

• Exploring the latent structure of strength-related attitude attributes Advances in Experimental Social Psychology Visser, P. S., Bizer, G. Y., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Zanna, M. New York, NY: Academic Press. 2006
• Comparing the quality of data obtained by minimally balanced and fully balanced attitude questions PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Shaeffer, E. M., Krosnick, J. A., Langer, G. E., Merkle, D. M. 2005; 69 (3): 417-428

  View details for DOI 10.1093/poq/nfi028

  View details for Web of Science ID 000231670700005

• Attitude importance and the accumulation of attitude-relevant knowledge in memory JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Holbrook, A. L., Berent, M. K., Krosnick, J. A., VISSER, P. S., Boninger, D. S. 2005; 88 (5): 749-769

  Abstract

  People who attach personal importance to an attitude are especially knowledgeable about the attitude object. This article tests an explanation for this relation: that importance causes the accumulation of knowledge by inspiring selective exposure to and selective elaboration of relevant information. Nine studies showed that (a) after watching televised debates between presidential candidates, viewers were better able to remember the statements made on policy issues on which they had more personally important attitudes; (b) importance motivated selective exposure and selective elaboration: Greater personal importance was associated with better memory for relevant information encountered under controlled laboratory conditions, and manipulations eliminating opportunities for selective exposure and selective elaboration eliminated the importance-memory accuracy relation; and (c) people do not use perceptions of their knowledge volume to infer how important an attitude is to them, but importance does cause knowledge accumulation.

  View details for DOI 10.1037/022-3514.88.5.749

  View details for Web of Science ID 000229109300003

  View details for PubMedID 15898873

• Demographic predictors of media use among infants, toddlers, and preschoolers AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST Anand, S., Krosnick, J. A. 2005; 48 (5): 539-561

  View details for DOI 10.1177/0002764204271512

  View details for Web of Science ID 000226143300004

• Meta-psychological vs. operative measures of ambivalence: Differentiating the consequences of perceived intra-psychic conflict and real intra-psychic conflict Ambivalence and the structure of public opinion Holbrook, A. L., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Craig, S. C., Martinez, M. D. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. 2005
• The measurement of attitudes Handbook of attitudes and attitude change Krosnick, J. A., Judd, C. M., Wittenbrink, B. 2005
• The measurement of attitudes Handbook of attitudes and attitude change Krosnick, J. A., Judd, C. M., Wittenbrink, B. edited by Albarracin, D., Johnson, B. T., Zanna, M. P. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. 2005
• The impact of personality on cognitive, behavioral, and affective political processes: The effects of need to evaluate JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY Bizer, G. Y., Krosnick, J. A., HOLBROOK, A. L., Wheeler, S. C., Rucker, D. D., Petty, R. E. 2004; 72 (5): 995-1027

  Abstract

  Need to evaluate (NE) is a personality trait that reflects a person's proclivity to create and hold attitudes; people high in NE are especially likely to form attitudes toward all sorts of objects. Using data from the 1998 National Election Survey Pilot and the 2000 National Election Survey, NE was shown to predict a variety of important attitude-relevant cognitive, behavioral, and affective political processes beyond simply holding attitudes: NE predicted how many evaluative beliefs about candidates a person held, the likelihood that a person would use party identification and issue stances to determine candidate preferences, the extent to which a person engaged in political activism, the likelihood that a person voted or intended to vote, the extent to which a person used the news media for gathering information, and the intensity of emotional reactions a person felt toward political candidates. Thus, NE appears to play a powerful role in shaping important political behavior, emotion, and cognition.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000223589300005

  View details for PubMedID 15335335

• Threat as a motivator of political activism: A field experiment POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY Miller, J. M., Krosnick, J. A. 2004; 25 (4): 507-523

  View details for Web of Science ID 000222578200002

• Valuing oil spill prevention: A case study of California's central coast Carson, R. T., Conaway, M. B., Hanemann, W. M., Krosnick, J. A., Mitchell, R. C., Presser, S. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2004
• Importance, knowledge, and accessibility: Exploring the dimensionality of strength-related attitude properties Studies in public opinion: Gauging attitudes, nonattitudes, measurement error and change Bizer, G. Y., Visser, P. S., Berent, M. K., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Saris, W. E., Sniderman, P. M. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 2004
• Altering the Foundations of Support for the President Through Priming Political Psychology: Key Readings Krosnick, J. A., Kinder, D. R. edited by Jost, J. T., Sidanius, J. New York, NY: Psychology Press. 2004
• Question Wording and Reports of Survey Results: The Case of Louis Harris and Aetna Life and Casualty Questionnaires Krosnick, J. A. edited by Bulmer, M. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 2004
• An unrecognized need for ballot reform: Effects of candidate name order Rethinking the vote: The politics and prospects of American election reform Krosnick, J. A., Miller, J. M., Tichy, M. P. edited by Crigler, A. N., Just, M. R., McCaffery, E. J. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 2004
• Proceedings of the Fifty-Eighth Annual Conference of the American Association for Public Opinion Research PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Krosnick, J. A. 2003; 67 (3): 441-445

  View details for Web of Science ID 000186082100011

• Psychosocial predictors of heavy television viewing among preadolescents and adolescents BASIC AND APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Krosnick, J. A., ANAND, S. N., Hartl, S. P. 2003; 25 (2): 87-110

  View details for Web of Science ID 000183214500001

• Telephone versus face-to-face interviewing of national probability samples with long questionnaires - Comparisons of respondent satisficing and social desirability response bias PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY HOLBROOK, A. L., Green, M. C., Krosnick, J. A. 2003; 67 (1): 79-125

  View details for Web of Science ID 000182270300008

• Distinguishing the cognitive and behavioral consequences of attitude importance and certainty: A new approach to testing the common-factor hypothesis JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Visser, P. S., Krosnick, J. A., Simmons, J. P. 2003; 39 (2): 118-141

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0022-1031(02)00522-X

  View details for Web of Science ID 000181972900002

• The impact of attitudes toward foreign policy goals on public preferences among presidential candidates: A study of issue publics and the attentive public in the 2000 U.S. Presidential election Presidential Studies Quarterly Anand, S., Krosnick, J. A. 2003; 33: 31-71
• Introduction Survey research methodology, 1990-1999: An annotated bibliography Krosnick, J. A. edited by Walden, G. R. Westpoint, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 2003
• Measuring the frequency of regular behaviors: Comparing the "typical week" to the "past week" SOCIOLOGICAL METHODOLOGY, VOL 33 Chang, L. C., Krosnick, J. A. 2003; 33: 55-80

  View details for Web of Science ID 000189205000003

• The impact of "no opinion" response options on data quality - Non-attitude reduction or an invitation to satisfice? PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Krosnick, J. A., HOLBROOK, A. L., Berent, M. K., Carson, R. T., Hanemann, W. M., Kopp, R. J., Mitchell, R. C., Presser, S., RUUD, P. A., Smith, V. K., MOODY, W. R., Green, M. C., Conaway, M. 2002; 66 (3): 371-403

  View details for Web of Science ID 000178193900005

• Context dependence and aggregation in disaggregate choice analysis 5th Triennial Symposium on Choice Modeling Swait, J., Adamowicz, W., Hanemann, M., Diederich, A., Krosnick, J., Layton, D., Provencher, W., SCHKADE, D., Tourangeau, R. SPRINGER. 2002: 195–205

  View details for Web of Science ID 000178057700004

• Is political psychology sufficiently psychological? Distinguishing political psychology from psychological political science Thinking about political psychology Krosnick, J. A. edited by Kuklinski, J. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2002
• Psychological political science vs. political psychology true to its name: A plea for balance Political psychology Krosnick, J. A., McGraw, K. M. edited by Monroe, K. R. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. 2002
• The causes of no-opinion responses to attitude measures in surveys: They are rarely what they appear to be Survey nonresponse Krosnick, J. A. edited by Groves, R. M., Dillman, D. A., Eltinge, J. L., Little, J. A. New York: Wiley. 2002
• The challenges of political psychology: Lessons to be learned from research on attitude perception Thinking about political psychology Krosnick, J. A. edited by Kuklinski, J. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2002
• Exploring the structure of strength-related attitude features: The relation between attitude importance and attitude accessibility JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Bizer, G. Y., Krosnick, J. A. 2001; 81 (4): 566-586

  Abstract

  One of the most significant current controversies in the attitude literature involves the latent structure of attitude attributes related to their strength. Four studies were conducted to explore whether 2 strength-related attributes (importance and accessibility) are affected identically by various manipulations (which would suggest that they reflect a single latent construct) and whether the attributes cause one another (which would suggest they are distinct constructs). Three laboratory experiments and I survey study show that (a) repeated expression and personal relevance manipulations have different effects on importance and accessibility and (b) increased importance can cause heightened accessibility. Thus, these 2 attitude attributes appear to constitute related but independent constructs. These studies therefore help to illuminate the nature of attitude strength and the interplay of its sources.

  View details for DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.81.4.566

  View details for Web of Science ID 000171577400002

  View details for PubMedID 11642346

• Attitudes toward presidential candidates and political parties: Initial optimism, inertial first impressions, and a focus on flaws AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Holbrook, A. L., Krosnick, J. A., Visser, P. S., Gardner, W. L., Cacioppo, J. T. 2001; 45 (4): 930-950

  View details for Web of Science ID 000171214300012

• Comparing telephone and face-to-face interviewing in terms of data quality: The 1982 National Election Studies Method Comparison Project Health survey research methods Green, M. C., Krosnick, J. A. edited by O'Rourke, D. 2001
• Optimizing survey measurement accuracy by matching question design to respondent memory organization Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology Research Conference, 2001 Silver, M. D., Krosnick, J. A. 2001
• Violating conversational conventions disrupts cognitive processing of attitude questions JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Holbrook, A. L., Krosnick, J. A. 2000; 36 (5): 465-494

  View details for DOI 10.1006/jesp.1999.1411

  View details for Web of Science ID 000089174000002

• The impact of the fall 1997 debate about global warming on American public opinion PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE Krosnick, J. A., HOLBROOK, A. L., VISSER, P. S. 2000; 9 (3): 239-260

  View details for Web of Science ID 000089764900005

• News media impact on the ingredients of presidential evaluations: Politically knowledgeable citizens are guided by a trusted source AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Miller, J. M., Krosnick, J. A. 2000; 44 (2): 301-315

  View details for Web of Science ID 000085634900008

• Do strength-related attitude properties determine susceptibility to response effects? New evidence from response latency, attitude extremity, and aggregate indices POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY BASSILI, J. N., Krosnick, J. A. 2000; 21 (1): 107-132

  View details for Web of Science ID 000085993500006

• Thinking about politics: Comparisons of experts and novices edited by Krosnick, J. A. Guilford Press. 2000
• Survey research Handbook of research methods in social psychology Visser, P. S., Krosnick, J. A., Lavrakas, P. edited by Reis, H. T., Judd, C. M. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2000
• Political behavior of the individual Encyclopedia of psychology Holbrook, A. L., Bizer, G. Y., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Kazdin, A. E. Oxford University Press. 2000
• Improving election forecasting: Allocation of undecided respondents, identification of likely voters, and response order effects Election polls, the news media, and democracy Visser, P. S., Krosnick, J. A., Marquette, J., Curtin, M. edited by Lavrakas, P., Traugott, M. 2000
• Maximizing questionnaire quality Measures of political attitudes Krosnick, J. A. edited by Robinson, J. P., Shaver, P. R., Wrightsman, L. S. New York: Academic Press. 1999
• Survey research ANNUAL REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY Krosnick, J. A. 1999; 50: 537-567

  Abstract

  For the first time in decades, conventional wisdom about survey methodology is being challenged on many fronts. The insights gained can not only help psychologists do their research better but also provide useful insights into the basics of social interaction and cognition. This chapter reviews some of the many recent advances in the literature, including the following: New findings challenge a long-standing prejudice against studies with low response rates; innovative techniques for pretesting questionnaires offer opportunities for improving measurement validity; surprising effects of the verbal labels put on rating scale points have been identified, suggesting optimal approaches to scale labeling; respondents interpret questions on the basis of the norms of everyday conversation, so violations of those conventions introduce error; some measurement error thought to have been attributable to social desirability response bias now appears to be due to other factors instead, thus encouraging different approaches to fixing such problems; and a new theory of satisficing in questionnaire responding offers parsimonious explanations for a range of response patterns long recognized by psychologists and survey researchers but previously not well understood.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000078701400021

  View details for PubMedID 15012463

• Development of attitude strength over the life cycle: Surge and decline JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Visser, P. S., Krosnick, J. A. 1998; 75 (6): 1389-1410

  Abstract

  This article explores the relation of age to manifestations and antecedents of attitude strength. Three studies demonstrate that susceptibility to attitude change is greater during early and late adulthood than during middle adulthood. Three additional studies demonstrate that attitude importance, certainty, and perceived quantity of attitude-relevant knowledge are greater in middle adulthood than during early or late adulthood. These antecedents may therefore explain life cycle shifts in susceptibility to change. Susceptibility to change, importance, certainty, and perceived knowledge differ from one another in terms of their correlations with education, gender, and race, challenging the notion that attitude strength is a unitary construct. Evidence that people incorrectly believe that susceptibility to change declines steadily over the life course reinforces the distinction between operative and meta-attitudinal measures of attitude strength.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000077966600001

  View details for PubMedID 9914661

• The impact of candidate name order on election outcomes PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY MILLER, J. M., Krosnick, J. A. 1998; 62 (3): 291-330

  View details for Web of Science ID 000077502500002

• Referendum design and contingent valuation: The NOAA panel's no-vote recommendation REVIEW OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS Carson, R. T., Hanemann, W. M., Kopp, R. J., Krosnick, J. A., Mitchell, R. C., Presser, S., RUUD, P. A., Smith, V. K., Conaway, M., Martin, K. 1998; 80 (2): 335-338

  View details for Web of Science ID 000073722900014

• American opinion on global warming: The impact of the Fall 1997 debate Resources Krosnick, J. A., Visser, P. S., Holbrook, A. L. 1998; 133: 5-9
• Review of What Americans Know about Politics and Why It Matters The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Krosnick, J. A. 1998; 559: 189-191
• Temporal reliability of estimates from contingent valuation LAND ECONOMICS Carson, R. T., Hanemann, W. M., Kopp, R. J., Krosnick, J. A., Mitchell, R. C., Presser, S., RUUD, P. A., Smith, V. K., Conaway, M., Martin, K. 1997; 73 (2): 151-163

  View details for Web of Science ID A1997WY47300001

• Public attitudes toward Israel: A study of the attentive and issue publics U.S.-Israeli relations at the crossroads (Israeli history, politics, and society) Krosnick, J. A., Telhami, S. edited by Sheffer, G. London: Frank Cass & Co., Ltd. 1997
• Review of Thinking About Answers: The Application of Cognitive Processes to Survey Methodology Public Opinion Quarterly Krosnick, J. A. 1997; 61: 664-667
• The anatomy of news media priming Do the media govern? Politicians, voters, and reporters in America Miller, J. M., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Iyengar, S., Reeves, R. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 1997
• Designing rating scales for effective measurement in surveys International Conference on Survey Measurement and Process Quality Krosnick, J. A., Fabrigar, L. R. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC. 1997: 141–164

  View details for Web of Science ID A1997BH34B00007

• Answering questions: Methodology for determining cognitive and communicative processes in survey research. (Book Review) PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Book Review Authored by: Krosnick, J. A. 1997; 61 (4): 664-667

  View details for Web of Science ID 000072137800009

• Mail surveys for election forecasting? An evaluation of the Columbus Dispatch poll PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY VISSER, P. S., Krosnick, J. A., MARQUETTE, J., Curtin, M. 1996; 60 (2): 181-227

  View details for Web of Science ID A1996VA17900003

• Education moderates some response effects in attitude measurement PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Narayan, S., Krosnick, J. A. 1996; 60 (1): 58-88

  View details for Web of Science ID A1996UP75700003

• Public attitudes toward Israel: A study of the attentive and issue publics Israel Affairs Krosnick, J. A. 1996
• Satisficing in surveys: Initial evidence Advances in survey research Krosnick, J. A., Narayan, S. S., Smith, W. R. edited by Braverman, M. T., Slater, J. K. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. 1996: 29–44
• Introduction to survey research, polling, and data analysis Weisberg, H., Krosnick, J. A., Bowen, B. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.. 1996
• News media impact on the ingredients of presidential evaluations: A program of research on the priming hypothesis Political persuasion and attitude change Miller, J. M., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Mutz, D., Sniderman, P. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. 1996
• PUBLIC-ATTITUDES TOWARD ISRAEL - A STUDY OF THE ATTENTIVE AND ISSUE PUBLICS INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY Krosnick, J., Telhami, S. 1995; 39 (4): 535-554

  View details for Web of Science ID A1995TH61600006

• ATTITUDE IMPORTANCE AND THE FALSE CONSENSUS EFFECT PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Fabrigar, L. R., Krosnick, J. A. 1995; 21 (5): 468-479

  View details for Web of Science ID A1995QU16100005

• Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences edited by Petty, R. E., Krosnick, J. A. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. 1995
• Attitude measurement and questionnaire design Blackwell encyclopedia of social psychology Fabrigar, L. R., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Manstead, A. R., Hewstone, M. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. 1995
• Attitude strength: An overview Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences Krosnick, J. A., Petty, R. E. edited by Petty, R. E., Krosnick, J. A. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. 1995
• The relation between political attitude importance and knowledge structure Political judgment: Structure and process Berent, M. K., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Lodge, M., McGraw, K. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. 1995
• Voting behavior Blackwell encyclopedia of social psychology Fabrigar, L. R., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Manstead, A. R., Hewstone, M. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. 1995
• The causes and consequences of attitude importance Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences Boninger, D. S., Krosnick, J. A., Berent, M. K., Fabrigar, L. R. edited by Petty, R. E., Krosnick, J. A. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. 1995
• Measures and manipulations of strength-related properties of attitudes: Current practice and future directions Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences Wegener, D. T., Downing, J., Krosnick, J. A., Petty, R. E. edited by Petty, R. E., Krosnick, J. A. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. 1995
• Social group polarization in 1992 Democracy's feast: Elections in America Weisberg, H. F., Haynes, A. A., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Weisberg, H. F. 1995
• ORIGINS OF ATTITUDE IMPORTANCE - SELF-INTEREST, SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION, AND VALUE RELEVANCE JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Boninger, D. S., Berent, M. K., Krosnick, J. A. 1995; 68 (1): 61-80

  Abstract

  Five studies examined the relations between attitude importance and 3 of its hypothesized determinants: self-interest, social identification with reference groups or reference individuals, and cherished values. Verbal protocols, multivariate analysis of survey data, and laboratory experimentation revealed that (1) people's theories of the causes of attitude importance pointed to all 3 hypothesized predictors, (2) the 3 predictors each had significant, unique statistical associations with importance, and (3) a manipulation of self-interest yielded a corresponding change in importance. These results help clarify the nature and origins of attitude importance, challenge the widely believed claim that self-interest has little or no impact on political cognition, and identify new likely consequences of social identification processes and values.

  View details for Web of Science ID A1995PZ70500005

  View details for PubMedID 7861315

• POCKETS OF RESPONSIBILITY IN THE AMERICAN ELECTORATE - FINDINGS OF A RESEARCH-PROGRAM ON ATTITUDE IMPORTANCE POLITICAL COMMUNICATION Krosnick, J. A., Berent, M. K., Boninger, D. S. 1994; 11 (4): 391-411

  View details for Web of Science ID A1994QR07100006

• RATIONALIZATION AND DERIVATION PROCESSES IN SURVEY STUDIES OF POLITICAL CANDIDATE EVALUATION Annual Conference of the American-Association-for-Public-Opinion-Research Rahn, W. M., Krosnick, J. A., Breuning, M. BLACKWELL PUBLISHING. 1994: 582–600

  View details for Web of Science ID A1994PG44100002

• A new introduction to survey methods: Review of Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude Measurement Contemporary Psychology Krosnick, J. A. 1994; 39: 221-222
• Attitude scales: How we measure the unmeasurable Persuasion: Psychological insights and perspectives Ostrom, T. M., Bond, C., Krosnick, J. A., Sedikides, C. edited by Shavitt, S., Brock, T. C. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. 1994
• Attitude strength Encyclopedia of human behavior Krosnick, J. A., Smith, W. A. edited by Ramachandran, V. S. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. 1994
• THE IMPACT OF THE GULF-WAR ON THE INGREDIENTS OF PRESIDENTIAL EVALUATIONS - MULTIDIMENSIONAL EFFECTS OF POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW Krosnick, J. A., Brannon, L. A. 1993; 87 (4): 963-975

  View details for Web of Science ID A1993MK48000012

• ATTITUDE STRENGTH - ONE CONSTRUCT OR MANY RELATED CONSTRUCTS JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Krosnick, J. A., Boninger, D. S., Chuang, Y. C., Berent, M. K., CARNOT, C. G. 1993; 65 (6): 1132-1151

  View details for Web of Science ID A1993MM03900005

• COMPARISONS OF PARTY IDENTIFICATION AND POLICY PREFERENCES - THE IMPACT OF SURVEY QUESTION FORMAT AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Krosnick, J. A., Berent, M. K. 1993; 37 (3): 941-964

  View details for Web of Science ID A1993LT74100012

• REPORT ON THE 1991 OHIO-STATE-UNIVERSITY SUMMER INSTITUTE IN POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY Krosnick, J. A., HERMANN, M. G. 1993; 14 (2): 363-373

  View details for Web of Science ID A1993LY33800009

• THE MEDIA AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF PRESIDENTIAL SUPPORT - BUSH,GEORGE AND THE PERSIAN-GULF CONFLICT American-Association-for-Public-Opinion-Research Annual Meeting Krosnick, J. A., Brannon, L. A. PLENUM PUBL CORP. 1993: 167–82

  View details for Web of Science ID A1993MQ36900009

• Review of Measurement Errors in Surveys Public Opinion Quarterly Krosnick, J. A. 1993; 57: 277-280
• The media and the foundations of Presidential support: George Bush and the Persian Gulf conflict Journal of Social Issues Krosnick, J. A., Brannon, L. A. 1993; 49: 167-182
• THE FOCUS OF JUDGMENT EFFECT - A QUESTION WORDING EFFECT DUE TO HYPOTHESIS CONFIRMATION BIAS PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Lehman, D. R., Krosnick, J. A., West, R. L., Li, F. 1992; 18 (6): 690-699

  View details for Web of Science ID A1992JZ94500005

• SUBLIMINAL CONDITIONING OF ATTITUDES PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Krosnick, J. A., Betz, A. L., JUSSIM, L. J., LYNN, A. R. 1992; 18 (2): 152-162

  View details for Web of Science ID A1992HM77200006

• The impact of question order on cognitive effort in survey responding Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on Undergraduate Research Smith, W. R., Culpepper, I. J., Krosnick, J. A. 1992
• The case for measuring attitude strength in surveys Questions about questions: Inquiries into the cognitive bases of surveys Krosnick, J. A., Abelson, R. P. edited by Tanur, J. New York: Russell Sage. 1992: 177–203
• The impact of cognitive sophistication and attitude importance on response order effects and question order effects Order effects in social and psychological research Krosnick, J. A. edited by Schwarz, N., Sudman, S. New York: Springer-Verlag. 1992: 203–218
• THE STABILITY OF POLITICAL PREFERENCES - COMPARISONS OF SYMBOLIC AND NONSYMBOLIC ATTITUDES AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Krosnick, J. A. 1991; 35 (3): 547-576

  View details for Web of Science ID A1991GD12200001

• THE RELIABILITY OF SURVEY ATTITUDE MEASUREMENT - THE INFLUENCE OF QUESTION AND RESPONDENT ATTRIBUTES SOCIOLOGICAL METHODS & RESEARCH Alwin, D. F., Krosnick, J. A. 1991; 20 (1): 139-181

  View details for Web of Science ID A1991GA53200005

• AGING, COHORTS, AND THE STABILITY OF SOCIOPOLITICAL ORIENTATIONS OVER THE LIFE-SPAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY Alwin, D. F., Krosnick, J. A. 1991; 97 (1): 169-195

  View details for Web of Science ID A1991FY19400007

• RESPONSE STRATEGIES FOR COPING WITH THE COGNITIVE DEMANDS OF ATTITUDE MEASURES IN SURVEYS APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Krosnick, J. A. 1991; 5 (3): 213-236

  View details for Web of Science ID A1991FR41800004

• SOME DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF ATTITUDE STRUCTURES - CONTEXT-INDUCED RESPONSE FACILITATION AND POLARIZATION JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY JUDD, C. M., Downing, J. W., Drake, R. A., Krosnick, J. A. 1991; 60 (2): 193-202

  View details for Web of Science ID A1991EY27600002

• CONVERSATIONAL CONVENTIONS, ORDER OF INFORMATION ACQUISITION, AND THE EFFECT OF BASE RATES AND INDIVIDUATING INFORMATION ON SOCIAL JUDGMENTS JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Krosnick, J. A., Fan, L., Lehman, D. R. 1990; 59 (6): 1140-1152

  View details for Web of Science ID A1990EM79900006

• AMERICANS PERCEPTIONS OF PRESIDENTIAL-CANDIDATES - A TEST OF THE PROJECTION HYPOTHESIS JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES Krosnick, J. A. 1990; 46 (2): 159-182

  View details for Web of Science ID A1990EV55600010

• ALTERING THE FOUNDATIONS OF SUPPORT FOR THE PRESIDENT THROUGH PRIMING AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW Krosnick, J. A., KINDER, D. R. 1990; 84 (2): 497-512

  View details for Web of Science ID A1990DL49800007

• LESSONS LEARNED - A REVIEW AND INTEGRATION OF OUR FINDINGS SOCIAL COGNITION Krosnick, J. A. 1990; 8 (1): 154-158

  View details for Web of Science ID A1990DD93100008

• PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF POLITICAL OPINIONATION SOCIAL COGNITION Krosnick, J. A., MILBURN, M. A. 1990; 8 (1): 49-72

  View details for Web of Science ID A1990DD93100004

• EXPERTISE AND POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY SOCIAL COGNITION Krosnick, J. A. 1990; 8 (1): 1-8

  View details for Web of Science ID A1990DD93100001

• Expertise in political psychology Thinking about politics: Comparisons of experts and novices Krosnick, J. A. edited by Krosnick, J. A. New York: Guilford Press. 1990
• Self-monitoring and self-protective biases in the use of consensus information to predict one's own behavior Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Krosnick, J. A., Sedikides, C. 1990; 58: 718-728
• Government policy and citizen passion: A study of issue publics in contemporary America Political Behavior Krosnick, J. A. 1990; 12: 59-92
• The impact of satisficing on survey data quality Proceedings of the Bureau of the Census 1990 Annual Research Conference Krosnick, J. A. 1990: 835–845
• The uses and abuses of public opinion polls: The case of Louis Harris and Associates Chronicles Krosnick, J. A. 1990; 14: 47-49
• Lessons learned: A review and integration of our findings Thinking about politics: Comparisons of experts and novices edited by Krosnick, J. New York: Guilford. 1990: 154–158
• Psychological determinants of political opinionation Thinking about politics: Comparisons of experts and novices Krosnick, J. A., Milburn, M. A. edited by Krosnick, J. A. New York: Guilford. 1990: 49–72
• ATTITUDE IMPORTANCE AND ATTITUDE ACCESSIBILITY PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Krosnick, J. A. 1989; 15 (3): 297-308

  View details for Web of Science ID A1989AP89300002

• AGING AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ATTITUDE-CHANGE JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Krosnick, J. A., Alwin, D. F. 1989; 57 (3): 416-425

  Abstract

  Two hypotheses about the relation between age and susceptibility to attitude change were tested. The impressionable years hypothesis proposes that individuals are highly susceptible to attitude change during late adolescence and early adulthood and that susceptibility drops precipitously immediately thereafter and remains low throughout the rest of the life cycle. The increasing persistence hypothesis proposes that people become gradually more resistant to change throughout their lives. Structural equation models were applied to data from the 1956-1960, 1972-1976, and 1980 National Election Panel Studies in order to estimate the stability of political attitudes and unreliability in measures of them. The results support the impressionable years hypothesis and disconfirm the increasing persistence hypothesis. A decrease in the over-time consistency of attitude reports among 66- to 83-year-olds was found to be due to increased random measurement error in their reports, not to increased attitude change.

  View details for Web of Science ID A1989AM84900005

  View details for PubMedID 2778632

• QUESTION WORDING AND REPORTS OF SURVEY RESULTS - THE CASE OF LOUIS-HARRIS-AND-ASSOCIATES AND AETNA-LIFE-AND-CASUALTY - REVIEW PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Krosnick, J. A. 1989; 53 (1): 107-113

  View details for Web of Science ID A1989U141600007

• Introduction to survey research and data analysis Weisberg, H., Krosnick, J. A., Bowen, B. Chicago: Scott, Foresman. 1989
• The structural bases of consistency among political attitudes: The effects of political expertise and attitude importance Attitude Structure and Function Judd, C. M., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Pratkanis, A. R., Breckler, S. J., Greenwald, A. G. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. 1989
• The measurement of values in surveys: A comparison of ratings and rankings Survey Research Methods: A Reader Alwin, D. F., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Singer, E., Presser, S. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1989
• THE ROLE OF ATTITUDE IMPORTANCE IN SOCIAL EVALUATION - A STUDY OF POLICY PREFERENCES, PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE EVALUATIONS, AND VOTING-BEHAVIOR JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Krosnick, J. A. 1988; 55 (2): 196-210

  Abstract

  According to a number of social psychological theories, attitudes toward government policies that people consider important should have substantial impact on presidential candidate preferences, and unimportant attitudes should have relatively little impact. Surprisingly, the accumulated evidence evaluating this hypothesis offers little support for it. This article reexamines the hypothesis, applying more appropriate analysis methods to data collected during the 1968, 1980, and 1984 American presidential election campaigns. The impact of policy attitudes on candidate preferences was indeed found to depend on the importance of those attitudes, just as theory suggests. The analysis also documented two mechanisms of this increased impact: People for whom a policy attitude is important perceive larger differences between competing candidates' attitudes, and important attitudes appear to be more accessible in memory than unimportant ones.

  View details for Web of Science ID A1988P577700004

  View details for PubMedID 3171904

• ATTITUDE INTENSITY, IMPORTANCE, AND CERTAINTY AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO RESPONSE EFFECTS JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Krosnick, J. A., Schuman, H. 1988; 54 (6): 940-952

  View details for Web of Science ID A1988N666500003

• ATTITUDE IMPORTANCE AND ATTITUDE-CHANGE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Krosnick, J. A. 1988; 24 (3): 240-255

  View details for Web of Science ID A1988N305800003

• Review of The Choice Questionnaire Public Opinion Quarterly Krosnick, J. A. 1988; 52: 408-411
• A TEST OF THE FORM-RESISTANT CORRELATION HYPOTHESIS - RATINGS, RANKINGS, AND THE MEASUREMENT OF VALUES PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Krosnick, J. A., Alwin, D. F. 1988; 52 (4): 526-538

  View details for Web of Science ID A1988T285100005

• The evening news and presidential evaluation Readings in social psychology: Classic and contemporary contributions Iyengar, S., Kinder, D. R., Peters, M. D., Krosnick, J. A. edited by Peplau, L. A., Sears, D. O., Taylor, S. E., Freedman, J. L. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 1988
• AN EVALUATION OF A COGNITIVE THEORY OF RESPONSE-ORDER EFFECTS IN SURVEY MEASUREMENT PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Krosnick, J. A., Alwin, D. F. 1987; 51 (2): 201-219

  View details for Web of Science ID A1987J090300004

• Review of Political Cognition: The 19th Annual Carnegie Symposium on Cognition American Political Science Review Krosnick, J. A. 1987; 81: 266-268
• THE PERCEIVED THREAT OF NUCLEAR-WAR, SALIENCE, AND OPEN QUESTIONS PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Schuman, H., Ludwig, J., Krosnick, J. A. 1986; 50 (4): 519-536

  View details for Web of Science ID A1986F552200004

• THE MEASUREMENT OF VALUES IN SURVEYS - A COMPARISON OF RATINGS AND RANKINGS PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY Alwin, D. F., Krosnick, J. A. 1985; 49 (4): 535-552

  View details for Web of Science ID A1985AXF5600007

• THE EVENING NEWS AND PRESIDENTIAL EVALUATIONS JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Iyengar, S., Peters, M. D., KINDER, D. R., Krosnick, J. A. 1984; 46 (4): 778-787

  View details for Web of Science ID A1984SQ00200005

• CAUSES OF ADOLESCENT CIGARETTE-SMOKING - TESTS OF A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY McAlister, A. L., Krosnick, J. A., MILBURN, M. A. 1984; 47 (1): 24-36

  View details for Web of Science ID A1984SK99200003

  View details for PubMedID 6719148

• JUDGING THE POSITIONS OF POLITICAL CANDIDATES - MODELS OF ASSIMILATION AND CONTRAST JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY JUDD, C. M., Kenny, D. A., Krosnick, J. A. 1983; 44 (5): 952-963

  View details for Web of Science ID A1983QN91600008

• Teaching percussion: Growing with your students National Association of College Wind and Percussion Instructors Journal Krosnick, J. A. 1982: 4-7
• TRANSITIONS IN SOCIAL-INFLUENCE AT ADOLESCENCE - WHO INDUCES CIGARETTE-SMOKING DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Krosnick, J. A., JUDD, C. M. 1982; 18 (3): 359-368

  View details for Web of Science ID A1982NP31400003

• ATTITUDE CENTRALITY, ORGANIZATION, AND MEASUREMENT JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY JUDD, C. M., Krosnick, J. A. 1982; 42 (3): 436-447

  View details for Web of Science ID A1982NF51100005

• POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT AND ATTITUDE STRUCTURE IN THE GENERAL PUBLIC AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW JUDD, C. M., Krosnick, J. A., MILBURN, M. A. 1981; 46 (5): 660-669

  View details for Web of Science ID A1981NB48900014

• One approach to the analysis of drumset playing Percussive Notes Krosnick, J. A. 1978: 143-149