Mitchell R. Lunn

All Publications

• Inequities in Conversion Practice Exposure at the Intersection of Ethnoracial and Gender Identities. American journal of public health Tran, N. K., Lett, E., Flentje, A., Ingram, S., Lubensky, M. E., Dastur, Z., Obedin-Maliver, J., Lunn, M. R. 2024; 114 (4): 424-434

  Abstract

  Objectives. To examine inequities in conversion practice exposure across intersections of ethnoracial groups and gender identity in the United States. Methods. Data were obtained from The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality Study of sexual and gender minority people from 2019 to 2021 (n = 9274). We considered 3 outcomes: lifetime exposure, age of first exposure, and period between first and last exposure among those exposed to conversion practices. We used log-binomial, Cox proportional hazards, and negative binomial models to examine inequities by ethnoracial groups and gender identity adjusting for confounders. We considered additive interaction. Results. Conversion practice prevalence was highest among minoritized ethnoracial transgender and nonbinary participants (TNB; 8.6%). Compared with White cisgender participants, minoritized ethnoracial TNB participants had twice the prevalence (prevalence ratio = 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.62, 2.86) and risk (hazard ratio = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.51, 2.69) of conversion practice exposure. Furthermore, there was evidence of a positive additive interaction for age of first exposure. Conclusions. Minoritized ethnoracial TNB participants were most likely to recall experiencing conversion practices. Public Health Implications. Policies banning conversion practices may reduce the disproportionate burden experienced by minoritized ethnoracial TNB participants. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(4):424-434. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307580).

  View details for DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307580

  View details for PubMedID 38478865

• Localized and widespread chronic pain in sexual and gender minority people-an analysis of the PRIDE study. Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) Chadwick, A. L., Lisha, N. E., Lubensky, M. E., Dastur, Z., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J., Flentje, A. 2024

  View details for DOI 10.1093/pm/pnae023

  View details for PubMedID 38530776

• Mental health treatment experiences among sexual and gender minority individuals: Trauma exposure, barriers, microaggressions, and treatment satisfaction JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH Artime, T. M., Rosenfeld, E. A., Ong, L., Lisha, N. E., Dilley, J. W., Shumway, M., Edward, D., Ceja, A., Einhorn, L., Lubensky, M. E., Dastur, Z., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J., Cloitre, M., Flentje, A. 2024

  View details for DOI 10.1080/19359705.2024.2315976

  View details for Web of Science ID 001176136600001

• The frequency of pathogenic variation in the All of Us cohort reveals ancestry-driven disparities. Communications biology Venner, E., Patterson, K., Kalra, D., Wheeler, M. M., Chen, Y. J., Kalla, S. E., Yuan, B., Karnes, J. H., Walker, K., Smith, J. D., McGee, S., Radhakrishnan, A., Haddad, A., Empey, P. E., Wang, Q., Lichtenstein, L., Toledo, D., Jarvik, G., Musick, A., Gibbs, R. A. 2024; 7 (1): 174

  Abstract

  Disparities in data underlying clinical genomic interpretation is an acknowledged problem, but there is a paucity of data demonstrating it. The All of Us Research Program is collecting data including whole-genome sequences, health records, and surveys for at least a million participants with diverse ancestry and access to healthcare, representing one of the largest biomedical research repositories of its kind. Here, we examine pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants that were identified in the All of Us cohort. The European ancestry subgroup showed the highest overall rate of pathogenic variation, with 2.26% of participants having a pathogenic variant. Other ancestry groups had lower rates of pathogenic variation, including 1.62% for the African ancestry group and 1.32% in the Latino/Admixed American ancestry group. Pathogenic variants were most frequently observed in genes related to Breast/Ovarian Cancer or Hypercholesterolemia. Variant frequencies in many genes were consistent with the data from the public gnomAD database, with some notable exceptions resolved using gnomAD subsets. Differences in pathogenic variant frequency observed between ancestral groups generally indicate biases of ascertainment of knowledge about those variants, but some deviations may be indicative of differences in disease prevalence. This work will allow targeted precision medicine efforts at revealed disparities.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s42003-023-05708-y

  View details for PubMedID 38374434

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC10876563

• Interest in over-the-counter progestin-only pills among transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive individuals in the United States. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology Grindlay, K., Obedin-Maliver, J., Ragosta, S., Hastings, J., Lunn, M. R., Flentje, A., Capriotti, M. R., Dastur, Z., Lubensky, M. E., Moseson, H. 2024

  Abstract

  In July 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first non-prescription oral contraceptive, a progestin-only pill, in the United States. Transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people assigned female or intersex at birth face substantial contraceptive access barriers and may benefit from over-the-counter oral contraceptive access. However, no prior research has explored their perspectives on this topic.To measure interest in over-the-counter progestin-only pill use among transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive individuals assigned female or intersex at birth.We conducted an online, cross-sectional survey from May-September 2019 (before Food and Drug approval of a progestin-only pill) with a convenience sample of transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people assigned female or intersex at birth, aged 18-49 years, from across the United States. Using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses, we estimated interest in over-the-counter progestin-only pill use (our outcome) overall and by sociodemographic and reproductive health characteristics (our exposures). We ran separate logistic regression models for each exposure. In each model, we included the minimally sufficient adjustment set to control for confounding pathways between the exposure and outcome. For the model for age, we ran a univariable logistic regression model; for all other exposures, we ran multivariable logistic regression models.Among 1,415 participants in our sample (median age: 26 years), 45.0% (636/1,415; 95% CI: 42.3-47.6%) were interested in over-the-counter progestin-only pill use. In separate logistic regression models for each exposure, there were higher odds of interest among participants who were aged 18-24 years (OR 1.67, 95% CI: 1.33-2.10; versus aged 25-34 years), uninsured (aOR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.24-2.93; versus insured), currently using oral contraceptives (aOR 1.69, 95% CI: 1.17-2.44; versus non-users), had ≤high school degree (aOR 3.02, 95% CI: 1.94-4.71; versus college degree), had ever used progestin-only pills (aOR 2.32, 95% CI: 1.70-3.17; versus never-users), and who wanted to avoid estrogen generally (aOR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.04-1.67 versus those who did not want to avoid estrogen generally) or specifically because they viewed it as a "feminizing" hormone (aOR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.36-2.19; versus those who did not want to avoid estrogen because they viewed it as a "feminizing" hormone). There were lower odds of interest among participants with a graduate or professional degree (aOR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51-0.96; versus college degree), who were sterilized (aOR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12-0.79; versus not sterilized), and who had ever used testosterone for gender affirmation (aOR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.57-0.90; versus never-users).Transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive individuals are interested in over-the-counter progestin-only pill access, and its availability has the potential to improve contraceptive access for this population.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.02.006

  View details for PubMedID 38365096

• Family building and pregnancy experiences of cisgender sexual minority women. AJOG global reports Tordoff, D. M., Moseson, H., Ragosta, S., Hastings, J., Flentje, A., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J. 2024; 4 (1): 100298

  Abstract

  Although 10% to 20% of cisgender women aged 18 to 40 years have a sexual minority identity (eg, bisexual, lesbian, and queer), there is limited research on the family building and pregnancy experiences of sexual minority cisgender women. Improving our understanding of the family building and pregnancy experiences of cisgender sexual minority women is critical for improving the perinatal health of this population.This study aimed to compare the mode of family building, past pregnancy experiences, and future pregnancy intentions among cisgender sexual minority women by sexual orientation.This is an observational study which was conducted using cross-sectional data collected in 2019 from a national sample of 1369 cisgender sexual minority women aged 18 to 45 years.Most participants (n=794, 58%) endorsed multiple sexual orientations, most commonly queer (n=641, 47%), lesbian (n=640, 47%), and/or bisexual (n=583, 43%). There were 243 (18%) cisgender sexual minority women who were parents. Pregnancy was used by 74% (181/243) of women to build their families. Among participants who used pregnancy, 60% (108/181) became pregnant through sexual activity with another parent of the child, whereas 27% (64/243) of women used donor sperm. An additional 10% (n=24) became parents through second-parent adoption, 10% (n=25) through adoption, and 14% (n=35) through step-parenting. Bisexual women more often used sexual activity to become parents (61/100, 61%) compared with queer (40/89, 45%) and lesbian women (40/130, 31%). In contrast, lesbian (50/130, 39%) and queer (25/89, 27%) women more often used donor sperm to become parents compared with bisexual women (11/100, 11%). Among the 266 (19%) cisgender sexual minority women who had ever been pregnant, there were 545 pregnancies (mean, 2.05 pregnancies per woman). Among those pregnancies, 59% (n=327) resulted in live birth, 23% (n=126) resulted in miscarriage, 15% (n=83) resulted in abortion, and 2% (n=9) resulted in ectopic pregnancy. A quarter of women had future pregnancy intentions, with no differences by sexual orientation. Overall, few participants (16%) reported that all of their healthcare providers were aware of their sexual orientation.Cisgender sexual minority women primarily built their families through pregnancy and a quarter have future pregnancy desires. In addition, there were important differences in family building methods used by sexual orientation. Providers should be aware of the pregnancy and family-building patterns, plans, and needs of cisgender sexual minority women.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.xagr.2023.100298

  View details for PubMedID 38269079

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC10806344

• Advancing Data Collection of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Cardiology. JAMA cardiology Tran, N. K., Rosendale, N., Lunn, M. R. 2024

  View details for DOI 10.1001/jamacardio.2023.5264

  View details for PubMedID 38265839

• Substance Use Over Time Among Sexual and Gender Minority People: Differences at the Intersection of Sex and Gender. LGBT health Flentje, A., Sunder, G., Ceja, A., Lisha, N. E., Neilands, T. B., Aouizerat, B. E., Lubensky, M. E., Capriotti, M. R., Dastur, Z., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J. 2024

  Abstract

  Purpose: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people are at greater risk for substance use than heterosexual and cisgender people, but most prior work is limited by cross-sectional analyses or the examination of single substance use. This study examined substance use over time among SGM people to identify patterns of polysubstance use at the intersection of sex and gender. Methods: Data were collected annually over 4 years from SGM respondents (n = 11,822) in The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study. Differences in substance use patterns (any prior 30-day use of 15 substances) by gender subgroup were examined with latent class analysis, and multinomial regression models tested relationships between gender subgroup and substance use. Results: Eight classes of substance use were observed. The three most common patterns were low substance use (49%), heavy episodic alcohol use (≥5 alcoholic drinks on one occasion) with some cannabis and tobacco use (14%), and cannabis use with some tobacco and declining heavy episodic alcohol use (13%). Differences observed included lower odds of patterns defined by heavy episodic alcohol use with some cannabis and tobacco use in all gender subgroups relative to cisgender men and persons with low substance use (odds ratios [ORs] 0.26-0.60). Gender expansive people assigned female at birth, gender expansive people assigned male at birth, and transgender men had greater odds of reporting cannabis use with small percentages of heavy episodic alcohol and tobacco use (ORs: 1.41-1.60). Conclusion: This study suggests that there are unique patterns of polysubstance use over time among gender subgroups of SGM people.

  View details for DOI 10.1089/lgbt.2023.0055

  View details for PubMedID 38206680

• Our Needs Have Been Ignored for a Long Time: Factors Affecting the Willingness of Black and Hispanic/Latinx Sexual and Gender Minority Communities to Donate Biospecimens Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health Ceja, A., Bruno, V., Panyanouvong, N., Aguilar, J., Raygani, S., Lubensky, M. E., Dastur, Z., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J., Flentje, A. 2024

  View details for DOI 10.1891/LGBTQ-2023-0022

• Engaging Sexual and Gender Minority (SGM) Communities for Health Research: Building and Sustaining PRIDEnet Journal of Community Engagement and Scholarship Obedin-Maliver, J., Hunt, C., Flentje, A., Armea-Warren, C., Bahati, M., Lubensky, M. E., Dastur, Z., Eastburn, C., Hundertmark, E., Moretti, D. J., Pho, A., Rescate, A., Greene, R. E., Williams, J., Hursey, D., Cook-Daniels, L., Lunn, M. R. 2024; 16 (2)

  View details for DOI 10.54656/jces.v16i2.484

• The Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority Participants With a Remote Biospecimen Collection Protocol Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health Panyanouvong, N., Lella, P., Sunder, G., Lubensky, M. E., Dastur, Z., Aouizerat, B. E., Lisha, N. E., Neilands, T. B., Flowers, E., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J., Flentje, A. 2024

  View details for DOI 10.1891/LGBTQ-2023-0045

• Active Social Media Use and Health Indicators Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adults. LGBT health Vogel, E. A., Flentje, A., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J., Capriotti, M. R., Ramo, D. E., Prochaska, J. J. 2023

  Abstract

  Purpose: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals may receive social support through active use of social media (i.e., posting and interacting). This study examined associations between active social media use, social support, and health indicators in a large sample of SGM adults in the United States. Methods: Data were derived from the 2017 wave of The PRIDE Study, a national cohort study of SGM health. SGM-identified adults reporting social media use (N = 5995) completed measures of active social media use, social support, depressive symptoms, cigarette smoking, hazardous drinking, sleep, and physical activity. Regression models examined main and interactive effects of active social media use and social support on health indicators. Results: The sample reported a moderate level of active social media use (mean [M] = 3.2 [1.0], scale = 1-5) and relatively high social support (M = 16.7 [3.3], scale = 4-20); 31.8% reported moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms. Participants with greater active social media use were more likely to experience depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10-1.26), cigarette smoking (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.01-1.22), insufficient sleep (AOR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.06-1.21), and physical inactivity (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.02-1.15) than those with less active social media use. Active social media use did not significantly interact with social support to predict any health indicators (p values >0.159). Conclusions: Among SGM adults, active social media use was associated with several negative health indicators. Active social media use may increase health risks, or SGM adults with poor health may actively use social media to maintain social connections. Moderate active social media use may be compatible with health.

  View details for DOI 10.1089/lgbt.2023.0170

  View details for PubMedID 38153392

• Culturally tailored anti-smoking messages: A randomized trial with U.S. sexual minority young women. American journal of preventive medicine Tan, A. S., Chen, J. T., Keen, R., Scout, N., Gordon, B., Applegate, J., Machado, A., Hanby, E., Liu, S., Zulkiewicz, B., Ramanadhan, S., Obedin-Maliver, J., Lunn, M. R., Viswanath, K., Potter, J. 2023

  Abstract

  This study evaluated effects of exposure to culturally tailored anti-smoking ads versus control ads on quitting intentions, cigarette purchase intentions, and tobacco industry perceptions among young adult, cisgender and transgender, sexual minority women (SMW).An online randomized controlled experiment with 1-month longitudinal follow-up was conducted.2,214 U.S. SMW ages 18-30 were recruited via online survey panels (The PRIDE Study and Prolific), social media ads and posts, and HER dating app ads. Data were collected in 2021-2022.Participants were randomly assigned to receive up to 20 tailored ads containing LGBTQ+ branding versus 20 control ads without LGBTQ+ branding over 4 weeks. Both conditions used identical anti-smoking statements and photographs (including several photographs of individuals who self-identified as SMW).1-month follow-up intention to purchase cigarettes, intention to quit, marketing receptivity, pro-industry attitudes, and pro-industry beliefs were measured. Analyses were conducted in 2022-2023. Linear regression models predicted outcomes at 1-month follow-up with the randomized arm, adjusted for baseline measures of each outcome and stratified by smoking status (those who currently smoked and those who did not smoke).Among those who smoked, follow-up intention to quit increased and intention to purchase cigarettes, marketing receptivity, pro-industry attitudes, and pro-industry beliefs decreased versus baseline in both arms. Follow-up pro-industry beliefs were significantly lower (B=-0.331, 95% CI -0.652, -0.010, p=0.043) in the tailored versus control arm, adjusted for baseline beliefs. Among those who did not smoke, marketing receptivity, pro-industry attitudes, and pro-industry beliefs decreased versus baseline in both arms. Follow-up outcomes did not differ significantly between arms.These findings can inform future anti-smoking campaign development to reduce cigarette smoking-related disparities among young adult, cisgender and transgender, sexual minority women and serve as the basis for developing similar ads for other LGBTQ+ audiences.This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04812795) .

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.12.001

  View details for PubMedID 38065403

• Asking sexual orientation and gender identity on health surveys: Findings from cognitive interviews in the United States across sexual orientations and genders SSM-QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HEALTH Pho, A. T., Bates, N., Snow, A., Zhang, A., Logan, R., Dastur, Z., Lubensky, M. E., Flentje, A., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J. 2023; 4

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100344

  View details for Web of Science ID 001114510200001

• Investigating the factor structure and measurement invariance of the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) among cisgender gay men and lesbian women from the United States. Journal of eating disorders Compte, E. J., McGuire, F. H., Brown, T. A., Lavender, J. M., Murray, S. B., Capriotti, M. R., Flentje, A., Lubensky, M. E., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J., Nagata, J. M. 2023; 11 (1): 164

  Abstract

  Although the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) is one of the most widely used self-report assessments of eating disorder symptoms, evidence indicates potential limitations with its original factor structure and associated psychometric properties in a variety of populations, including sexual minority populations. The aims of the current investigation were to explore several previously published EDE-Q factor structures and to examine internal consistency and measurement invariance of the best-fitting EDE-Q model in a large community sample of cisgender gay men and cisgender lesbian women.Data were drawn from 1624 adults (1060 cisgender gay men, 564 cisgender lesbian women) who participated in The PRIDE Study, a large-scale longitudinal cohort study of sexual and gender minorities from the United States. A series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted to explore the fit of eight proposed EDE-Q models; internal consistency (Cronbach's alphas, Omega coefficients) and measurement invariance (multi-group CFA) were subsequently evaluated.A brief seven-item, three-factor (dietary restraint, shape/weight overvaluation, body dissatisfaction) model of the EDE-Q from Grilo et al. (Obes Surg. 23:657-662, 2013), consistently evidenced the best fit across cisgender gay men and lesbian women. The internal consistencies of the three subscales were adequate in both groups, and measurement invariance across the groups was supported.Taken together, these findings support the use of the seven-item, three-factor version of the EDE-Q for assessing eating disorder symptomatology in cisgender gay men and lesbian women. Future studies can confirm the current findings in focused examinations of the seven-item, three-factor EDE-Q in diverse sexual minority samples across race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and age ranges.

  View details for DOI 10.1186/s40337-023-00880-2

  View details for PubMedID 37736682

  View details for PubMedCentralID 7566158

• Testosterone Use and Sexual Function among Transgender Men and Gender Diverse People Assigned Female at Birth. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology Tordoff, D. M., Lunn, M. R., Chen, B., Flentje, A., Dastur, Z., Lubensky, M. E., Capriotti, M., Obedin-Maliver, J. 2023

  Abstract

  Testosterone use among transgender people likely impacts their experience of sexual function and vulvovaginal pain via several complex pathways. Testosterone use is associated with decreased estrogen in the vagina and atrophic vaginal tissue, which may be associated with decreased vaginal lubrication and/or discomfort during sexual activity. At the same time, increased gender affirmation through testosterone use may be associated with improved sexual function. However, data on pelvic and vulvovaginal pain among transgender men and nonbinary people assigned female at birth is scarce.To assess the association between testosterone and sexual function, with a focus on symptoms that are commonly associated with vaginal atrophy.We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1,219 participants ages 18-72 years old using 2019-2021 data from an online, prospective, longitudinal, cohort study of sexual and/or gender minority people in the US (The PRIDE Study). Our analysis included adult transgender men and gender diverse participants assigned female at birth who were categorized as never, current, and former testosterone users. Sexual function was measured across eight Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Sexual Function and Satisfaction (SexFS) domains.Overall, 516 (42.3%) had never used testosterone and 602 (49.4%) currently used testosterone. Median duration of use was 37.7 months (range 7 days to >27 years). Most participants (64.6%) reported genital pain/discomfort during sexual activity in the past 30 days, most commonly in the vagina/frontal genital opening (52.2%), followed by the clitoris (29.1%) and labia (24.5%). Current testosterone use was associated with higher interest in sexual activity (β=6.32, 95% CI: 4.91-7.74) and more vaginal pain/discomfort during sexual activity (β=1.80, 95% CI: 0.61-3.00). No associations were observed between current testosterone use and satisfaction with sex life, lubrication, labial pain/discomfort, or orgasm pleasure.Testosterone use among transgender men and gender diverse people was associated with a higher interest in sexual activity and ability to orgasm as well as vaginal pain/discomfort during sexual activity. Notably, the available evidence demonstrates that >60% of transgender men experience vulvovaginal pain during sexual activity. The causes of pelvic and vulvovaginal pain are poorly understood but are likely multifactorial and include physiological (e.g., testosterone-associated vaginal atrophy) and psychological factors (e.g., gender affirmation). Given this high burden, there is an urgent need to identify effective and acceptable interventions for this population.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.08.035

  View details for PubMedID 37678647

• Societal stigma and mistreatment in healthcare among gender minority people: a cross-sectional study. International journal for equity in health Clark, K. D., Lunn, M. R., Bosse, J. D., Sevelius, J. M., Dawson-Rose, C., Weiss, S. J., Lubensky, M. E., Obedin-Maliver, J., Flentje, A. 2023; 22 (1): 162

  Abstract

  Gender minority (GM; individuals whose gender is not aligned with that traditionally associated with the sex that was assigned to them at birth) people have widely reported mistreatment in healthcare settings. Mistreatment is enacted by individuals within society who hold stigmatizing beliefs. However, the relationship between healthcare mistreatment and societal stigma (i.e., the degree to which society disapproves of GM people) is unclear and not measured consistently.We analyzed data from 2,031 GM participants in The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study's 2019 Annual Questionnaire to determine whether societal stigma was associated with participants' past-year reports of mistreatment (defined as denial of healthcare services and/or lower quality care) in medical or mental healthcare settings. We created a proxy measure of societal stigma by incorporating variables validated in existing literature. Participants reported whether they had experienced mistreatment in medical and mental health settings independently.Healthcare denial and/or lower quality care during the past year was reported by 18.8% of our sample for medical settings and 12.5% for mental health settings. We found no associations between the societal stigma variables and past-year reports of healthcare denial and/or lower quality care in medical or mental healthcare settings.Although a high proportion of GM people reported past-year healthcare mistreatment in both medical and mental health settings, mistreatment had no relationship with societal stigma. Factors other than societal stigma may be more important predictors of healthcare mistreatment, such as healthcare workers' knowledge of and attitudes toward GM people. However, other measures of societal stigma, or different types of mistreatment, may show stronger associations. Identifying key factors that contribute to mistreatment can serve as targets for intervention in communities and healthcare settings.

  View details for DOI 10.1186/s12939-023-01975-7

  View details for PubMedID 37620832

  View details for PubMedCentralID 8297154

• Self-Reported Barriers to Care Among Sexual and Gender Minority People With Disabilities: Findings From The PRIDE Study, 2019-2020. American journal of public health Lamba, S., Obedin-Maliver, J., Mayo, J., Flentje, A., Lubensky, M. E., Dastur, Z., Lunn, M. R. 2023: e1-e10

  Abstract

  Objectives. To examine the associations of self-reported disability status with health care access barriers for sexual and gender minority (SGM) people. Methods. The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study participants lived in the United States or its territories, completed the 2019 annual questionnaire (n = 4961), and self-reported their disability and health care access experiences, including whether they had a primary care provider, were uninsured, delayed care, and were unable to obtain care. We classified disabilities as physical, mental, intellectual, and other; compared participants to those without disabilities; and performed logistic regression to determine the associations of disability status and health care access barriers. Results. SGM people with disabilities were less likely to have a usual place to seek health care (69.0% vs 75.3%; P ≤ .001) and more often reported being mistreated or disrespected as reasons to delay care (29.0% vs 10.2%; P ≤ .001). SGM people with disabilities were more likely to delay care (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.83, 3.81) and be unable to obtain care (AOR = 3.10; 95% CI = 2.59, 3.71). Conclusions. Future work should address culturally competent health care to ameliorate disparities for the SGM disability community. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print July 20, 2023:e1-e10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307333).

  View details for DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2023.307333

  View details for PubMedID 37471680

• Prevalence of 12 Common Health Conditions in Sexual and Gender Minority Participants in the All of Us Research Program. JAMA network open Tran, N. K., Lunn, M. R., Schulkey, C. E., Tesfaye, S., Nambiar, S., Chatterjee, S., Kozlowski, D., Lozano, P., Randal, F. T., Mo, Y., Qi, S., Hundertmark, E., Eastburn, C., Pho, A. T., Dastur, Z., Lubensky, M. E., Flentje, A., Obedin-Maliver, J. 2023; 6 (7): e2324969

  Abstract

  Limited data describe the health status of sexual or gender minority (SGM) people due to inaccurate and inconsistent ascertainment of gender identity, sex assigned at birth, and sexual orientation.To evaluate whether the prevalence of 12 health conditions is higher among SGM adults in the All of Us Research Program data compared with cisgender heterosexual (non-SGM) people.This cross-sectional study used data from a multidisciplinary research consortium, the All of Us Research Program, that links participant-reported survey information to electronic health records (EHR) and physical measurements. In total, 372 082 US adults recruited and enrolled at an All of Us health care provider organization or by directly visiting the enrollment website from May 31, 2017, to January 1, 2022, and were assessed for study eligibility.Self-identified gender identity and sexual orientation group.Twelve health conditions were evaluated: 11 using EHR data and 1, body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), using participants' physical measurements. Logistic regression (adjusting for age, income, and employment, enrollment year, and US Census division) was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for the associations between each SGM group and health condition compared with a non-SGM reference group.The analytic sample included 346 868 participants (median [IQR] age, 55 [39-68] years; 30 763 [8.9%] self-identified as SGM). Among participants with available BMI (80.2%) and EHR data (69.4%), SGM groups had higher odds of anxiety, depression, HIV diagnosis, and tobacco use disorder but lower odds of cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension. Estimated associations for asthma (AOR, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.24-0.63] for gender diverse people assigned male at birth; AOR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.38-0.69] for transgender women), a BMI of 25 or higher (AOR, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.38-1.96] for transgender men), cancer (AOR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.07-1.23] for cisgender sexual minority men; AOR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.81-0.95] for cisgender sexual minority women), and substance use disorder (AOR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.24-0.52] for gender diverse people assigned female at birth; AOR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.49-0.87] for transgender men) varied substantially across SGM groups compared with non-SGM groups.In this cross-sectional analysis of data from the All of Us Research Program, SGM participants experienced health inequities that varied by group and condition. The All of Us Research Program can be a valuable resource for conducting health research focused on SGM people.

  View details for DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.24969

  View details for PubMedID 37523187

• Reports of Negative Interactions with Healthcare Providers among Transgender, Nonbinary, and Gender-Expansive People assigned Female at Birth in the United States: Results from an Online, Cross-Sectional Survey. International journal of environmental research and public health Inman, E. M., Obedin-Maliver, J., Ragosta, S., Hastings, J., Berry, J., Lunn, M. R., Flentje, A., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Stoeffler, A., Dastur, Z., Moseson, H. 2023; 20 (11)

  Abstract

  Over one million people in the United States are transgender, nonbinary, or gender expansive (TGE). TGE individuals, particularly those who have pursued gender-affirming care, often need to disclose their identities in the process of seeking healthcare. Unfortunately, TGE individuals often report negative experiences with healthcare providers (HCPs). We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of 1684 TGE people assigned female or intersex at birth in the United States to evaluate the quality of their healthcare experiences. Most respondents (70.1%, n = 1180) reported at least one negative interaction with an HCP in the past year, ranging from an unsolicited harmful opinion about gender identity to physical attacks and abuse. In an adjusted logistic regression model, those who had pursued gender-affirming medical care (51.9% of the sample, n = 874) had 8.1 times the odds (95% CI: 4.1-17.1) of reporting any negative interaction with an HCP in the past year, compared to those who had not pursued gender-affirming care, and tended to report a higher number of such negative interactions. These findings suggest that HCPs are failing to create safe, high-quality care interactions for TGE populations. Improving care quality and reducing bias is crucial for improving the health and well-being of TGE people.

  View details for DOI 10.3390/ijerph20116007

  View details for PubMedID 37297611

• Investigating the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in a community sample of gender minority adults from the United States. The International journal of eating disorders Nagata, J. M., Compte, E. J., McGuire, F. H., Brown, T. A., Lavender, J. M., Murray, S. B., Capriotti, M. R., Flentje, A., Lubensky, M. E., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J. 2023

  Abstract

  The Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) is one of the most widely used self-report assessments of eating disorder symptoms. However, evidence indicates potential problems with its original factor structure and associated psychometric properties in a variety of populations, including gender minority populations. The aim of the current investigation was to explore several previously published EDE-Q factor structures and to examine internal consistency and measurement invariance of the best-fitting EDE-Q model in a large community sample of gender minority adults.Data were drawn from 1567 adults (337 transgender men, 180 transgender women, and 1050 gender-expansive individuals) who participated in The PRIDE Study, a large-scale longitudinal cohort study of sexual and gender minorities from the United States. A series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted to explore the fit of eight proposed EDE-Q models; internal consistency (Cronbach's alphas, Omega coefficients) and measurement invariance (multi-group CFA) were subsequently evaluated.A brief seven-item, three-factor (dietary restraint, shape/weight overvaluation, body dissatisfaction) model of the EDE-Q consistently evidenced the best fit across gender minority groups (transgender men, transgender women, gender-expansive individuals). The internal consistencies of the three subscales were adequate in all groups, and measurement invariance across the groups was supported.Taken together, these findings support the use of the seven-item, three-factor version of the EDE-Q for assessing eating disorder symptomatology in gender minority populations. Future studies can confirm the current findings in focused examinations of the seven-item, three-factor EDE-Q in diverse gender minority samples across race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and age ranges.Although transgender individuals have greater risk of developing an eating disorder, the factor structure of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, one of the most widely used eating disorder assessment measures, has not been explored in transgender adults. We found that a seven-item model including three factors of dietary restraint, shape and weight overvaluation, and body dissatisfaction had the best fit among transgender and nonbinary adults.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/eat.23978

  View details for PubMedID 37163420

• "We're always an afterthought"- Designing tobacco control campaigns for dissemination with and to LGBTQ +-serving community organizations: a thematic analysis. Cancer causes & control : CCC Ramanadhan, S., Salvia, M., Hanby, E., Revette, A. C., Rivard, M. K., Scout, N. F., Applegate, J., Gordon, B., Machado, A., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J., Potter, J., Chen, J. T., Tan, A. S. 2023

  Abstract

  Evidence-based health communication campaigns can support tobacco control and address tobacco-related inequities among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ +) populations. Community organizations focused on LGBTQ + health (e.g., nonprofits, community centers, and community health centers) can be prime channels for delivering evidence-based health communication campaigns. However, it is unclear how to balance the goals of a) designing campaigns to support broad adoption/uptake and b) adaptation addressing the needs of diverse communities and contexts. As part of an effort to support "designing for dissemination," we explored the key challenges and opportunities staff and leaders of LGBTQ + -serving community organizations encounter when adopting or adapting evidence-based health communication campaigns.A team of researchers and advisory committee members conducted this study, many of whom have lived, research, and/or practice experience with LGBTQ + health. We interviewed 22 staff members and leaders of community organizations serving LGBTQ + populations in the US in early 2021. We used a team-based, reflexive thematic analysis approach.The findings highlight the challenges of attempting to use health communication campaigns misaligned with the assets and needs of organizations and community members. The three major themes identified were as follows: (1) available evidence-based health communication campaigns typically do not sufficiently center LGBTQ + communities, (2) negotiation regarding campaign utilization places additional burden on practitioners who have to act as "gatekeepers," and (3) processes of using health communication campaigns often conflict with organizational efforts to engage community members in adoption and adaptation activities.We offer a set of considerations to support collaborative design and dissemination of health communication campaigns to organizations serving LGBTQ + communities: (1) develop campaigns with and for LGBTQ + populations, (2) attend to the broader structural forces impacting campaign recipients, (3) support in-house testing and adaptations, and (4) increase access to granular data for community organizations.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10552-023-01706-x

  View details for PubMedID 37160611

  View details for PubMedCentralID 8885914

• WHO ARE WE MISSING? REPORTING OF TRANSGENDER AND GENDER EXPANSIVE POPULATIONS IN CLINICAL TRIALS Rice, E., Lan, R., Nunes, J., Shah, R., Echols, M. R., Lunn, M., Bryant, L., Lewis, E. F., Awad, C., Idris, M. Y., Clark, K., Periyakoil, V., Cruz, E., Chen, J., Brown-Johnson, C., Palaniappan, L. P., Wang, P. J. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. 2023: 119

  View details for Web of Science ID 000990866100120

• DISABILITIES REPORTING IN CLINICAL TRIALS. HOW ARE WE DOING? Lan, R., Rice, E., Nunes, J., Shah, R., Joseph, I. E., Echols, M. R., Echols, M. R., Lunn, M., Bryant, L., Lewis, E. F., Awad, C., Idris, M. Y., Clark, K., Periyakoil, V., Cruz, E., Chen, J., Brown-Johnson, C., Palaniappan, L. P., Wang, P. J. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. 2023: 172

  View details for Web of Science ID 000990866100173

• Our pride, our joy: An intersectional constructivist grounded theory analysis of resources that promote resilience in SGM communities. PloS one Edwards, O. W., Lev, E., Obedin-Maliver, J., Lunn, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Capriotti, M. R., Garrett-Walker, J. J., Flentje, A. 2023; 18 (2): e0280787

  Abstract

  Sexual and gender minority (SGM) communities, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and Two-Spirit people, have historically been researched from a deficits-based approach that fails to highlight the ways communities survive and thrive in the face of adversity. This study endeavored to create a model of resources that promote SGM resilience using a sample that amplified traditionally underrepresented perspectives, including individuals from racial and/or ethnic minority groups, trans and/or gender diverse individuals, individuals on the asexual spectrum, and older adults.Participant responses to three open-ended questions from The PRIDE Study's (an online national longitudinal cohort study of SGM people) 2018 Annual Questionnaire were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory. These questions examined what brings people joy and what they appreciate most about their SGM identity. Participants (n = 315) were randomly selected from a larger sample of people who had responded to demographic questions and at least one open-ended question (N = 4,030) in a manner to ensure diverse representation across race/ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, age, and region of residence.The proposed model includes social resources (Connecting with Others, Cultivating Family, Helping Others, Participating in Culture and Spirituality), affective generative resources (Engaging in Enriching Pursuits, Accessing Economic Resources), and introspective resources (Exploring One's Authentic Self, Persevering through Hardship) that are theorized to contribute to SGM resilience across the life course.SGM communities may tap into various resources to promote resilience. As public health practitioners, we can help to foster this resilience by resourcing and supporting initiatives that foster social connection, create spaces for community members to engage with various types of enrichment, facilitate access to economic resources, and provide support and inclusion for all SGM community members.

  View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0280787

  View details for PubMedID 36735687

• Understanding the social and community support experiences of sexual and gender minority individuals in 12-Step programs. Journal of gay & lesbian social services McGeough, B. L., Paceley, M., Zemore, S. E., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J., Lubensky, M. E., Flentje, A. 2023; 35 (4): 398-419

  Abstract

  Sexual and gender minority individuals (e.g., gay, bisexual, non-binary, transgender; SGMI) are 2-6 times as likely as cisgender heterosexual individuals to experience alcohol or other substance use disorders. SGMI participate in 12-Step groups, such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), at high rates. Though social support is an established mechanism through which 12-Step programs support reductions in substance use, little is known about SGMI's experiences of the social support in 12-Step programs. This qualitative study aims to understand the experiences of social and community support among SGMI involved in 12-Step programs. This study employed thematic analysis to interpret open-ended responses from 302 SGMI who had participated in 12-Step programs. Data was from The PRIDE Study, a large, national, online. longitudinal, cohort study of SGMI. Two themes emerged about how SGMI experienced social and community support in 12-Step programs: beneficial connections and harmful environments. Beneficial connections included a sense of community, shared experiences, and skills provision. Harmful environments included marginalization, oppression, violence, and bullying. This study highlights the variability of experiences of SGMI participating in 12-Step programs. These findings suggest that many SGMI may benefit from 12-Step programs but may need support in coping with potential harms that can emerge through participation.

  View details for DOI 10.1080/10538720.2023.2172759

  View details for PubMedID 38152636

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC10752627

• Understanding the social and community support experiences of sexual and gender minority individuals in 12-Step programs JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN SOCIAL SERVICES McGeough, B. L., Paceley, M., Zemore, S. E., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J., Lubensky, M. E., Flentje, A. 2023

  View details for DOI 10.1080/10538720.2023.2172759

  View details for Web of Science ID 000918390600001

• Factors contributing to delay in family building among sexual/gender minority people in the COVID19 pandemic Waldrop, A. R., Zhang, J., Flentje, A., Lunn, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Leonard, S. A., Dastur, Z., Obedin-Maliver, J. MOSBY-ELSEVIER. 2023: S434

  View details for Web of Science ID 000909337401223

• Web-Based Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Well-being: Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Trial. Journal of medical Internet research Sylvia, L. G., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J., McBurney, R. N., Nowell, W. B., Nosheny, R. L., Mularski, R. A., Long, M. D., Merkel, P. A., Pletcher, M. J., Tovey, R. E., Scalchunes, C., Sutphen, R., Martin, A. S., Horn, E. J., O'Boyle, M., Pitch, L., Seid, M., Redline, S., Greenebaum, S., George, N., French, N. J., Faria, C. M., Puvanich, N., Rabideau, D. J., Selvaggi, C. A., Yu, C., Faraone, S. V., Venkatachalam, S., McCall, D., Terry, S. F., Deckersbach, T., Nierenberg, A. A. 2022; 24 (9): e35620

  Abstract

  Mindfulness can improve overall well-being by training individuals to focus on the present moment without judging their thoughts. However, it is unknown how much mindfulness practice and training are necessary to improve well-being.The primary aim of this study was to determine whether a standard 8-session web-based mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) program, compared with a brief 3-session mindfulness intervention, improved overall participant well-being. In addition, we sought to explore whether the treatment effects differed based on the baseline characteristics of the participants (ie, moderators).Participants were recruited from 17 patient-powered research networks, web-based communities of stakeholders interested in a common research area. Participants were randomized to either a standard 8-session MBCT or a brief 3-session mindfulness training intervention accessed on the web. The participants were followed for 12 weeks. The primary outcome of the study was well-being, as measured by the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index. We hypothesized that MBCT would be superior to a brief mindfulness training.We randomized 4411 participants, 3873 (87.80%) of whom were White and 3547 (80.41%) of female sex assigned at birth. The mean baseline World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index score was 50.3 (SD 20.7). The average self-reported well-being in each group increased over the intervention period (baseline to 8 weeks; model-based slope for the MBCT group: 0.78, 95% CI 0.63-0.93, and brief mindfulness group: 0.76, 95% CI 0.60-0.91) as well as the full study period (ie, intervention plus follow-up; baseline to 20 weeks; model-based slope for MBCT group: 0.41, 95% CI 0.34-0.48; and brief mindfulness group: 0.33, 95% CI 0.26-0.40). Changes in self-reported well-being were not significantly different between MBCT and brief mindfulness during the intervention period (model-based difference in slopes: -0.02, 95% CI -0.24 to 0.19; P=.80) or during the intervention period plus 12-week follow-up (-0.08, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.02; P=.10). During the intervention period, younger participants (P=.05) and participants who completed a higher percentage of intervention sessions (P=.005) experienced greater improvements in well-being across both interventions, with effects that were stronger for participants in the MBCT condition. Attrition was high (ie, 2142/4411, 48.56%), which is an important limitation of this study.Standard MBCT improved well-being but was not superior to a brief mindfulness intervention. This finding suggests that shorter mindfulness programs could yield important benefits across the general population of individuals with various medical conditions. Younger people and participants who completed more intervention sessions reported greater improvements in well-being, an effect that was more pronounced for participants in the MBCT condition. This finding suggests that standard MBCT may be a better choice for younger people as well as treatment-adherent individuals.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03844321; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03844321.

  View details for DOI 10.2196/35620

  View details for PubMedID 36094813

• Geographic practice preferences of sexual minority medical students in the United States Gupta, R., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J. MOSBY-ELSEVIER. 2022: AB62

  View details for Web of Science ID 000891793200243

• The All of Us Research Program: Data quality, utility, and diversity. Patterns (New York, N.Y.) Ramirez, A. H., Sulieman, L., Schlueter, D. J., Halvorson, A., Qian, J., Ratsimbazafy, F., Loperena, R., Mayo, K., Basford, M., Deflaux, N., Muthuraman, K. N., Natarajan, K., Kho, A., Xu, H., Wilkins, C., Anton-Culver, H., Boerwinkle, E., Cicek, M., Clark, C. R., Cohn, E., Ohno-Machado, L., Schully, S. D., Ahmedani, B. K., Argos, M., Cronin, R. M., O'Donnell, C., Fouad, M., Goldstein, D. B., Greenland, P., Hebbring, S. J., Karlson, E. W., Khatri, P., Korf, B., Smoller, J. W., Sodeke, S., Wilbanks, J., Hentges, J., Mockrin, S., Lunt, C., Devaney, S. A., Gebo, K., Denny, J. C., Carroll, R. J., Glazer, D., Harris, P. A., Hripcsak, G., Philippakis, A., Roden, D. M. 2022; 3 (8): 100570

  Abstract

  The All of Us Research Program seeks to engage at least one million diverse participants to advance precision medicine and improve human health. We describe here the cloud-based Researcher Workbench that uses a data passport model to democratize access to analytical tools and participant information including survey, physical measurement, and electronic health record (EHR) data. We also present validation study findings for several common complex diseases to demonstrate use of this novel platform in 315,000 participants, 78% of whom are from groups historically underrepresented in biomedical research, including 49% self-reporting non-White races. Replication findings include medication usage pattern differences by race in depression and type 2 diabetes, validation of known cancer associations with smoking, and calculation of cardiovascular risk scores by reported race effects. The cloud-based Researcher Workbench represents an important advance in enabling secure access for a broad range of researchers to this large resource and analytical tools.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.patter.2022.100570

  View details for PubMedID 36033590

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC9403360

• State-Level Policy Environments, Discrimination, and Victimization among Sexual and Gender Minority People. International journal of environmental research and public health Clark, K. D., Lunn, M. R., Lev, E. M., Trujillo, M. A., Lubensky, M. E., Capriotti, M. R., Hoffmann, T. J., Obedin-Maliver, J., Flentje, A. 2022; 19 (16)

  Abstract

  Legislation has been passed in some states to reduce discrimination and victimization toward sexual and gender minority people (SGM; people who are not solely heterosexual and/or whose gender identity is not equal to what is socially associated with sex assigned at birth). The purpose of these analyses is to test whether state-level policy environments are associated with past-year discrimination and victimization among SGM people. Cross-sectional data from The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study annual questionnaire (collected 2018-2019), a national study of the health of SGM adults in the USA, were used for these analyses. Measures included related to discrimination, victimization, and demographic characteristics. State-level policy environments were measured using data from the Movement Advancement Project. Logistic regression analyses evaluated state-level policy environment scores and past-year discrimination and victimization among gender identity categories. In this sample, 7044 people (gender minority n = 2530) were included. Cisgender sexual minority (odds ratio [OR] = 1.007, p = 0.041) and the gender expansive subgroup of gender minority people (OR = 1.010, p = 0.047) in states with more protective policy environments had greater odds of discrimination. The gender expansive subgroup was found to have greater odds of victimization in states with more protective policy environments (OR = 1.003, p < 0.05). There was no relationship between state-level policy environments and victimization among any other study groups. SGM people may experience increased risk for discrimination and victimization despite legislative protections, posing continued risks for poor health outcomes and marginalization. Evaluation of factors (e.g., implementation strategies, systems of accountability) that influence the effectiveness of state-level polices on the reported experiences of discrimination and victimization among SGM people is needed.

  View details for DOI 10.3390/ijerph19169916

  View details for PubMedID 36011548

• Subjective Cognitive Decline Associated with Discrimination in Medical Settings among Transgender and Nonbinary Older Adults. International journal of environmental research and public health Lambrou, N. H., Gleason, C. E., Obedin-Maliver, J., Lunn, M. R., Flentje, A., Lubensky, M. E., Flatt, J. D. 2022; 19 (15)

  Abstract

  Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) individuals report greater subjective cognitive decline (SCD) compared to non-TNB people. SCD involves self-reported problems with memory and thinking and is a potential risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). We explored psychosocial factors, such as discrimination in medical settings, associated with SCD in a sample of TNB older adults.We utilized cross-sectional data on aging health, SCD (memory complaints and worsening memory in the past year), and discrimination in medical settings from The PRIDE Study for LGBTQ+ adults aged 50+ including TNB adults (n = 115). Associations were tested using multivariate logistic regression.Nearly 16% of TNB participants rated their memory as poor/fair, and 17% reported that their memory was worse than a year ago. TNB older adults with SCD were more likely to report experiencing discrimination in medical settings. After adjustment, those reporting discrimination in medical settings had 4.5 times higher odds of reporting worsening memory than those who did not (OR: 4.5; 95%-CI: 1.5-13.2; p = 0.006), and 7.5 times more likely to report poor/fair memory (OR: 7.49; 95%-CI: 1.7-32.8; p = 0.008); Conclusions: TNB older adults reported high frequencies of SCD and discrimination in medical settings. Further research exploring affirmative cognitive screening and healthcare services is needed.

  View details for DOI 10.3390/ijerph19159168

  View details for PubMedID 35954522

• Healthcare Mistreatment, State-Level Policy Protections, and Healthcare Avoidance Among Gender Minority People. Sexuality research & social policy : journal of NSRC : SR & SP Clark, K. D., Luong, S., Lunn, M. R., Flowers, E., Bahalkeh, E., Lubensky, M. E., Capriotti, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J., Flentje, A. 2022; 19 (4): 1717-1730

  Abstract

  This study examined whether past experiences of mistreatment in healthcare were associated with greater healthcare avoidance due to anticipated mistreatment among gender minority (GM) people. We evaluated whether state-level healthcare policy protections moderated this relationship.Data from the 2018 Annual Questionnaire of The PRIDE Study, a national longitudinal study on sexual and gender minority people's health, were used in these analyses. Logistic regression modeling tested relationships between lifetime healthcare mistreatment due to gender identity or expression and past-year healthcare avoidance due to anticipated mistreatment among GM participants. Interactions between lifetime healthcare mistreatment and state-level healthcare policy protections and their relationship with past-year healthcare avoidance were tested.Participants reporting any lifetime healthcare mistreatment had greater odds of past-year healthcare avoidance due to anticipated mistreatment among gender expansive people (n = 1290, OR = 4.71 [CI]: 3.57-6.20), transfeminine people (n = 263, OR = 10.32 [CI]: 4.72-22.59), and transmasculine people (n = 471, OR = 3.90 [CI]: 2.50-6.13). Presence of state-level healthcare policy protections did not moderate this relationship in any study groups.For GM people, reporting lifetime healthcare mistreatment was associated with healthcare avoidance due to anticipated mistreatment. State-level healthcare policy protections were not a moderating factor in this relationship. Efforts to evaluate the implementation and enforcement of state-level policies are needed. Continued efforts to understand instances of and to diminish healthcare mistreatment of GM people are recommended.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13178-022-00748-1.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s13178-022-00748-1

  View details for PubMedID 36458212

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC9701649

• Migraine, Migraine Disability, Trauma, and Discrimination in Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals. Neurology Rosendale, N., Guterman, E. L., Obedin-Maliver, J., Flentje, A., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Lunn, M. R. 2022

  Abstract

  OBJECTIVE: This study sought to describe migrainous headache frequency and severity and to examine the relationship between trauma, discrimination, and migraine-associated disability in a sample of sexual and/or gender minority (SGM) adults.METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of SGM people in The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study from August-October 2018. The primary exposure was any trauma or discrimination, regardless of attribution. The primary outcome was moderate-severe migraine disability, as defined by a Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) Questionnaire score ≥11. We performed descriptive analysis comparing respondents with any migrainous headache to those without. Multivariable logistic regression examined the association between trauma/discrimination and migraine disability, controlling first for sociodemographic and clinical factors and then for psychiatric comorbidities.RESULTS: Of the 3,325 total respondents, 1,126 (33.9%) screened positive for migrainous headache by ID-Migraine criteria. Most people with migraine self-reported moderate (n=768, 68.2%) or severe (n=253, 22.5%) intensity. The median MIDAS score was 11 (interquartile range [IQR] 5-25). Most respondents with migraine (n=1055, 93.7%) reported a history of trauma or discrimination. In unadjusted analysis, exposure to both trauma and discrimination was associated with higher odds of moderate-severe disability (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.34-2.32). After adjustment for self-reported psychiatric comorbidities of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder, this association lost statistical significance.CONCLUSION: Migrainous headache is common among our sample of SGM adults, and prior experiences with trauma and discrimination is associated with increased migraine disability. Our findings suggest that psychiatric comorbidities play a significant role in this relationship, identifying a potentially modifiable risk factor for disability in SGM people with migraine.

  View details for DOI 10.1212/WNL.0000000000200941

  View details for PubMedID 35817570

• Psychometric evaluation of the muscle dysmorphic disorder inventory (MDDI) among gender-expansive people. Journal of eating disorders Compte, E. J., Cattle, C. J., Lavender, J. M., Brown, T. A., Murray, S. B., Capriotti, M. R., Flentje, A., Lubensky, M. E., Obedin-Maliver, J., Lunn, M. R., Nagata, J. M. 2022; 10 (1): 95

  Abstract

  Muscle dysmorphia is generally classified as a specific form of body dysmorphic disorder characterized by a pathological drive for muscularity and the preoccupation that one is too small or not sufficiently muscular. The majority of research on the condition has been conducted in cisgender men with a paucity of literature on gender minority people, a population that is at risk for muscle dysmorphia. One of the most widely used measures of muscle dysmorphia symptoms, the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI), has not been psychometrically validated for use in gender minority samples, the aim of the present study.We evaluated the psychometric properties of the MDDI in a sample of 1031 gender-expansive individuals (gender minority people whose gender identity differs from that assumed for their sex assigned at birth and is not exclusively binary man or woman) aged 18-74 who were part of The PRIDE Study, a large-scale, U.S., longitudinal cohort study.Using a two-step, split-sample exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic approach, we found support for the original three-factor structure of the measure. The subscales showed adequate internal consistency, and convergent validity was supported based on significant associations of the MDDI subscale scores with theoretically related scores on a widely used measure of disordered eating.These findings provided novel support for adequate psychometric properties of the MDDI in a sample of gender-expansive individuals, facilitating the use of this measure in future research on muscle dysmorphia in this understudied and at-risk population.

  View details for DOI 10.1186/s40337-022-00618-6

  View details for PubMedID 35794647

• Psychometric validation of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) among U.S. transgender men. Body image Nagata, J. M., Compte, E. J., McGuire, F. H., Lavender, J. M., Murray, S. B., Brown, T. A., Capriotti, M. R., Flentje, A., Lubensky, M. E., Obedin-Maliver, J., Lunn, M. R. 2022; 42: 43-49

  Abstract

  Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is characterized by a pervasive belief or fear of insufficient muscularity and an elevated drive for muscularity, representing the pathological and extreme pursuit of muscularity. Psychometric properties of one of the most widely used measures of MD symptoms-the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI)-have yet to be evaluated in transgender men despite emerging evidence suggesting differential risk for MD symptoms in this population. In this study, we assessed the psychometric properties of the MDDI in a sample of 330 transgender men ages 18-67 years who participated in a large-scale national longitudinal cohort study of sexual and gender minority adults in the U.S. Using a two-step, split-sample approach, an initial exploratory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure and a subsequent confirmatory factor analysis of a re-specified three-factor model demonstrated good overall fit (χ2/df = 1.84, CFI =0.94, TLI =0.92, RMSEA =0.07 [90% CI =0.05,.09], SRMR =0.08). Moreover, results supported the internal consistency and convergent validity of the MDDI subscales in transgender men. Findings inform the use of the MDDI among transgender men and provide a foundation to support further work on the MDDI and MD symptoms among gender minority populations.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.05.001

  View details for PubMedID 35653965

• COVID-19 News and Its Association with the Mental Health of Sexual and Gender Minority Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR public health and surveillance Clark, K. D., Lunn, M. R., Sherman, A. D., Bosley, H. G., Lubensky, M. E., Obedin-Maliver, J., Dastur, Z., Flentje, A. 2022

  Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Sexual and gender minority (SGM; people whose sexual orientation is not heterosexual and/or whose gender identity varies from what is traditionally associated with the sex assigned to them at birth) people experience high rates of trauma and significant disparities in anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Exposure to traumatic stressors, such as news related to COVID-19, may be associated with symptoms of anxiety and PTSD.OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the relationship of COVID-19 news exposure with anxiety and PTSD symptoms in a sample of SGM adults in the United States (US).METHODS: Data were collected between March 23 and August 2, 2020 from The PRIDE Study, a national, longitudinal, cohort study of SGM people. Regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between self-reported news exposure and (1) symptoms of anxiety using the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) 7-item Scale and (2) symptoms of COVID-related PTSD using the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R).RESULTS: Our sample included a total of 3,079 SGM participants. Each unit increase in COVID-19-related news exposure was associated with greater anxiety symptoms (OR=1.77,95% CI [1.63, 1.93], P<.001) and 1.93 greater odds of PTSD (95% CI [1.74, 2.14], P<.001).CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that COVID-19 news exposure was positively associated with greater symptoms of anxiety and PTSD among SGM people. This supports previous literature in other populations where greater news exposure was associated with poorer mental health. Further research is needed to determine the direction of this relationship and to evaluate for differences among SGM subgroups with multiple marginalized identities.CLINICALTRIAL:

  View details for DOI 10.2196/34710

  View details for PubMedID 35486805

• DESIGNING FOR ADOPTION AND ADAPTATION OF EVIDENCE-BASED ANTI-TOBACCO MESSAGING BY ORGANIZATIONS SERVING LGBTQ plus COMMUNITIES Salvia, M. G., Ramanadhan, S., Applegate, J., Chen, J. T., Hanby, E., Machado, A., Roberts, J., Sanders-Jackson, A., Viswanath, K., Lunn, M., Obedin-Maliver, J., Gordon, B., Scout, N. N., Potter, J., Tan, A. L. OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. 2022: S491

  View details for Web of Science ID 000788118601400

• Supporting sexual and gender minority health-care workers. Nature reviews. Nephrology Holmberg, M. H., Martin, S. G., Lunn, M. R. 2022

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41581-022-00573-0

  View details for PubMedID 35418696

• Appearance and performance-enhancing drugs and supplements, eating disorders, and muscle dysmorphia among gender minority people. The International journal of eating disorders Nagata, J. M., McGuire, F. H., Lavender, J. M., Brown, T. A., Murray, S. B., Greene, R. E., Compte, E. J., Flentje, A., Lubensky, M. E., Obedin-Maliver, J., Lunn, M. R. 2022

  Abstract

  OBJECTIVE: Appearance and performance-enhancing drugs and supplements (APEDS) can be used to enhance muscle growth, athletic performance, and physical appearance. The aim of this study was to examine the lifetime use of APEDS and associations with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms among gender minority people.METHOD: Participants were 1653 gender minority individuals (1120 gender-expansive [defined as a broad range of gender identities that are generally situated outside of the woman-man gender binary, e.g., genderqueer, nonbinary] people, 352 transgender men, and 181 transgender women) recruited from The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality Study in 2018. Regression analyses stratified by gender identity examined associations of any APEDS use with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptom scores.RESULTS: Lifetime APEDS use was common across groups (30.7% of gender-expansive people, 45.2% of transgender men, and 14.9% of transgender women). Protein supplements and creatine supplements were the most commonly used APEDS. Among gender-expansive people and transgender men, lifetime use of any APEDS was significantly associated with higher eating disorder scores, dietary restraint, binge eating, compelled/driven exercise, and muscle dysmorphia symptoms. Any APEDS use was additionally associated with laxative use among gender-expansive people. Among transgender women, use of any APEDS was not significantly associated with eating disorder or muscle dysmorphia symptoms.DISCUSSION: APEDS use is common and associated with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms in gender-expansive people and transgender men, thus highlighting the importance of assessing for these behaviors and symptoms among these populations, particularly in clinical settings.PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE: This study aimed to examine APEDS use among gender minority people. We found that 30.7% of gender-expansive (e.g., nonbinary) people, 45.2% of transgender men, and 14.9% of transgender women reported lifetime APEDS use, which was associated with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms in transgender men and gender-expansive people. Clinicians should assess for these behaviors in gender minority populations.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/eat.23708

  View details for PubMedID 35352378

• Associations among romantic and sexual partner history and muscle dysmorphia symptoms, disordered eating, and appearance- and performance-enhancing drugs and supplement use among cisgender gay men. Body image Nagata, J. M., DeBenedetto, A. M., Brown, T. A., Lavender, J. M., Murray, S. B., Capriotti, M. R., Flentje, A., Lubensky, M. E., Cattle, C. J., Obedin-Maliver, J., Lunn, M. R. 2022; 41: 67-73

  Abstract

  This study examined relationship status (e.g., single versus not single) and number of sexual partners in relation to muscularity- and disordered eating-related attitudes and behaviors among 1090 cisgender gay men enrolled in The PRIDE Study in 2018. Participants completed measures assessing muscle dysmorphia (MD) symptoms, disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, and appearance- and performance-enhancing drug or supplement (APEDS) use. In linear regression models adjusting for theoretically relevant covariates, neither relationship status nor number of past-month sexual partners was associated with disordered eating attitudes. In terms of MD symptoms, single (versus not single) relationship status was associated with greater appearance intolerance, and a greater number of sexual partners was associated with greater drive for size and functional impairment. In adjusted logistic regression models, a greater number of past-month sexual partners was associated with use of anabolic-androgenic steroids, synthetic performance-enhancing substances, protein supplements, and creatine supplements, as well as greater likelihood of engaging in compelled/driven exercise. Across all associations, effect sizes were generally small. Overall, results support that inquiring about sexual partners may have utility in evaluating risk for muscularity-oriented attitudes and behaviors among cisgender gay men. Future work will need to replicate these findings, particularly in more diverse samples.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.02.004

  View details for PubMedID 35228105

• Healthcare Mistreatment, State‐Level Policy Protections, and Healthcare Avoidance Among Gender Minority People Sexuality Research and Social Policy Clark, K. D., Luong, S., Lunn, M. R., Flowers, E., Bahalkeh, E., Lubensky, M. E., Capriotti, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J., Flentje, A. 2022

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s13178-022-00748-1

• Sexual and Gender Minority Identity Disclosure from Undergraduate to Graduate Medical Education: Perceptions of Professional “Outness” Among Medical Students Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health Keyes, T. J., Zucker, S., Goetz, T. G., Jia, J. L., Bunting, S. R., Lunn, M. R., Subak, L. L. 2022; 3 (3)

  View details for DOI 10.1891/LGBTQ-2021-0004

• Appearance and performance-enhancing drugs and supplements (APEDS): Lifetime use and associations with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms among cisgender sexual minority people. Eating behaviors Nagata, J. M., McGuire, F. H., Lavender, J. M., Brown, T. A., Murray, S. B., Compte, E. J., Cattle, C. J., Flentje, A., Lubensky, M. E., Obedin-Maliver, J., Lunn, M. R. 2022; 44: 101595

  Abstract

  Appearance and performance-enhancing drugs and supplements (APEDS) are used to enhance muscle growth, athletic performance, and physical appearance. The aim of this study was to examine the lifetime use of APEDS and associations with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms among cisgender sexual minority people.Participants were cisgender sexual minority people (1090 gay men, 100 bisexual plus men, 564 lesbian women, and 507 bisexual plus women) recruited from The PRIDE Study in 2018 who reported lifetime APEDS use and completed the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI). Regression analyses stratified by gender and sexual orientation examined associations of any APEDS use with EDE-Q and MDDI scores.Lifetime APEDS use was common across the four groups of cisgender sexual minority people (44% of gay men, 42% of bisexual plus men, 29% of lesbian women, and 30% of bisexual plus women). Protein supplements and creatine supplements were the most commonly used APEDS. Any APEDS use was associated with higher EDE-Q scores on one or more subscales in all sexual minority groups. Further, any APEDS use was associated with higher MDDI Total Scores in all groups; any APEDS use was associated with all MDDI subscale scores in cisgender gay men only.APEDS use is common and associated with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms in sexual minority men and women, thus highlighting the importance of assessing for these behaviors and symptoms among these populations in clinical settings.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101595

  View details for PubMedID 35066385

• Do Ask, Tell, and Show: Contextual Factors Affecting Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Disclosure for Sexual and Gender Minority People. LGBT health Suen, L. W., Lunn, M. R., Sevelius, J. M., Flentje, A., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Hunt, C., Weber, S., Bahati, M., Rescate, A., Dastur, Z., Obedin-Maliver, J. 2022

  Abstract

  Purpose: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people-including members of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer communities-remain underrepresented in health research due to poor collection of sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data. We sought to understand the contextual factors affecting how SGM research participants interact with SOGI questions to enhance participant experience and increase the accuracy and sensitivity of research findings. Methods: We recruited SGM adults for in-person semi-structured focus groups or online cognitive interviews from 2016 to 2018. During focus groups and cognitive interviews, we asked participants to respond to SOGI question sets. We employed template analysis to describe the contextual factors that affected SGM participants' responses to SOGI questions. Results: We had a total of 74 participants, including 55 participants organized into nine focus groups and 19 participants in cognitive interviews. Most self-identified as a sexual minority person (88%), and 51% identified as a gender minority person. Two main themes were: (1) the need to know the relevance (of why SOGI questions are asked) and (2) the importance of environmental and contextual cues (communicating physical safety and freedom from discrimination that influenced SOGI disclosure). Conclusions: Contextualizing the relevance of SOGI data sought could help improve the accuracy and sensitivity of data collection efforts. Environmental cues that communicate acceptance and safety for SGM individuals in research settings may support disclosure. Researchers should consider these contextual factors when designing future studies to improve research experiences for SGM individuals and increase the likelihood of future participation.

  View details for DOI 10.1089/lgbt.2021.0159

  View details for PubMedID 35073205

• Pregnancy intentions and outcomes among transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people assigned female or intersex at birth in the United States: Results from a national, quantitative survey. International journal of transgender health Moseson, H., Fix, L., Hastings, J., Stoeffler, A., Lunn, M. R., Flentje, A., Lubensky, M. E., Capriotti, M. R., Ragosta, S., Forsberg, H., Obedin-Maliver, J. 2021; 22 (1-2): 30-41

  Abstract

  Background: Transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive (TGE) people experience pregnancy. Quantitative data about pregnancy intentions and outcomes of TGE people are needed to identify patterns in pregnancy intentions and outcomes and to inform clinicians how best to provide gender-affirming and competent pregnancy care. Aims: We sought to collect data on pregnancy intentions and outcomes among TGE people assigned female or intersex at birth in the United States. Methods: Collaboratively with a study-specific community advisory team, we designed a customizable, online survey to measure sexual and reproductive health experiences among TGE people. Eligible participants included survey respondents who identified as a man or within the umbrella of transgender, nonbinary, or gender-expansive identities; were 18 years or older; able to complete an electronic survey in English; lived in the United States; and were assigned female or intersex at birth. Participants were recruited through The PRIDE Study - a national, online, longitudinal cohort study of sexual and gender minority people - and externally via online social media postings, TGE community e-mail distribution lists, in-person TGE community events, and academic and community conferences. We conducted descriptive analyses of pregnancy-related outcomes and report frequencies overall and by racial and ethnic identity, pregnancy intention, or testosterone use. Results: Out of 1,694 eligible TGE respondents who provided reproductive history data, 210 (12%) had been pregnant. Of these, 115 (55%) had one prior pregnancy, 47 (22%) had two prior pregnancies, and 48 (23%) had three or more prior pregnancies. Of the 433 pregnancies, 169 (39%) resulted in live birth, 142 (33%) miscarried, 92 (21%) ended in abortion, two (0.5%) ended in stillbirth, two (0.5%) had an ectopic pregnancy, and seven (2%) were still pregnant; nineteen pregnancies (4%) had an unknown outcome. Among live births, 39 (23%) were delivered via cesarean section. Across all pregnancies, 233 (54%) were unintended. Fifteen pregnancies occurred after initiation of testosterone, and four pregnancies occurred while taking testosterone. Among all participants, 186 (11%) wanted a future pregnancy, and 275 (16%) were unsure; 182 (11%) felt "at risk" for an unintended pregnancy. Discussion: TGE people in the United States plan for pregnancy, experience pregnancy (intended and unintended) and all pregnancy outcomes, and are engaged in family building. Sexual and reproductive health clinicians and counselors should avoid assumptions about pregnancy capacity or intentions based on a patient's presumed or stated gender or engagement with gender-affirming hormone therapy.

  View details for DOI 10.1080/26895269.2020.1841058

  View details for PubMedID 34796363

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC8040680

• From 'Shark-Week' to 'Mangina': An Analysis of Words Used by People of Marginalized Sexual Orientations and/or Gender Identities to Replace Common Sexual and Reproductive Health Terms. Health equity Ragosta, S., Obedin-Maliver, J., Fix, L., Stoeffler, A., Hastings, J., Capriotti, M. R., Flentje, A., Lubensky, M. E., Lunn, M. R., Moseson, H. 2021; 5 (1): 707-717

  Abstract

  Purpose: To explore sexual and reproductive health (SRH)-related word-use among sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals in the United States. Methods: In 2019, we fielded an online quantitative survey on the SRH experiences of SGM adults. Eligible participants included transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive (TGE) people assigned female or intersex at birth, and cisgender sexual minority women (CSMW) in the United States. The survey asked participants to indicate if they used each of nine SRH terms, and if not, to provide the word(s) they used. We analyzed patterns in replacement words provided by respondents and tested for differences by gender category with tests of proportions. Results: Among 1704 TGE and 1370 CSMW respondents, 613 (36%) TGE respondents and 92 (7%) CSMW respondents replaced at least 1 SRH term (p-for-difference <0.001). Many (23%) replacement words/phrases were entirely unique. For six out of the nine terms, TGE respondents indicated that use of the provided term would depend on the context, the term did not apply to them, or they did not have a replacement word/phrase that worked for them. Conclusions: SRH terms commonly used in clinical and research settings cause discomfort and dysphoria among some SGM individuals. To address inequities in access to and quality of SRH care among SGM individuals, and to overcome long standing fear of mistreatment in clinical settings, more intentional word-use and elicitation from providers and researchers could increase the quality and affirming nature of clinical and research experiences for SGM people.

  View details for DOI 10.1089/heq.2021.0022

  View details for PubMedID 34909540

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC8665782

• Sexual Orientation Diversity and Specialty Choice Among Graduating Allopathic Medical Students in the United States. JAMA network open Mori, W. S., Gao, Y., Linos, E., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J., Yeung, H., Mansh, M. D. 2021; 4 (9): e2126983

  View details for DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.26983

  View details for PubMedID 34591110

• From 'Shark-Week' to 'Mangina': An Analysis of Words Used by People of Marginalized Sexual Orientations and/or Gender Identities to Replace Common Sexual and Reproductive Health Terms HEALTH EQUITY Ragosta, S., Obedin-Maliver, J., Fix, L., Stoeffler, A., Hastings, J., Capriotti, M. R., Flentje, A., Lubensky, M. E., Lunn, M. R., Moseson, H. 2021; 5 (1): 707-717

  View details for DOI 10.1089/heq.2021.0022

  View details for Web of Science ID 000702517000002

• Abortion attempts without clinical supervision among transgender, nonbinary and gender-expansive people in the United States. BMJ sexual & reproductive health Moseson, H. n., Fix, L. n., Gerdts, C. n., Ragosta, S. n., Hastings, J. n., Stoeffler, A. n., Goldberg, E. A., Lunn, M. R., Flentje, A. n., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Obedin-Maliver, J. n. 2021

  Abstract

  Transgender, nonbinary and gender-expansive (TGE) people face barriers to abortion care and may consider abortion without clinical supervision.In 2019, we recruited participants for an online survey about sexual and reproductive health. Eligible participants were TGE people assigned female or intersex at birth, 18 years and older, from across the United States, and recruited through The PRIDE Study or via online and in-person postings.Of 1694 TGE participants, 76 people (36% of those ever pregnant) reported considering trying to end a pregnancy on their own without clinical supervision, and a subset of these (n=40; 19% of those ever pregnant) reported attempting to do so. Methods fell into four broad categories: herbs (n=15, 38%), physical trauma (n=10, 25%), vitamin C (n=8, 20%) and substance use (n=7, 18%). Reasons given for abortion without clinical supervision ranged from perceived efficiency and desire for privacy, to structural issues including a lack of health insurance coverage, legal restrictions, denials of or mistreatment within clinical care, and cost.These data highlight a high proportion of sampled TGE people who have attempted abortion without clinical supervision. This could reflect formidable barriers to facility-based abortion care as well as a strong desire for privacy and autonomy in the abortion process. Efforts are needed to connect TGE people with information on safe and effective methods of self-managed abortion and to dismantle barriers to clinical abortion care so that TGE people may freely choose a safe, effective abortion in either setting.

  View details for DOI 10.1136/bmjsrh-2020-200966

  View details for PubMedID 33674348

• Community norms of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) among gender minority populations. Journal of eating disorders Nagata, J. M., Compte, E. J., McGuire, F. H., Lavender, J. M., Brown, T. A., Murray, S. B., Flentje, A., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Obedin-Maliver, J., Lunn, M. R. 2021; 9 (1): 87

  Abstract

  Representing the pathological extreme pursuit of muscularity, muscle dysmorphia (MD) is characterized by a pervasive belief or fear around insufficient muscularity and an elevated drive for muscularity. Despite evidence of heightened body image-related concerns among gender minority populations, little is known about the degree of MD symptoms among gender minorities, particularly based on Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) scores. The objective of this study was to assess community norms of the MDDI in gender-expansive people, transgender men, and transgender women.Data from participants in The PRIDE Study, an existing study of health outcomes in sexual and gender minority people, were examined. We calculated means, standard deviations, and percentiles for the MDDI total and subscale scores among gender-expansive people (i.e., those who identify outside of the binary system of man or woman; n = 1023), transgender men (n = 326), and transgender women (n = 177). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess group differences and post hoc Dunn's tests were used to examine pairwise differences.Transgender men reported the highest mean MDDI total score (30.5 ± 7.5), followed by gender-expansive people (27.2 ± 6.7), then transgender women (24.6 ± 5.7). The differences in total MDDI score were driven largely by the Drive for Size subscale and, to a lesser extent, the Functional Impairment subscale. There were no significant differences in the Appearance Intolerance subscale among the three groups.Transgender men reported higher Drive for Size, Functional Impairment, and Total MDDI scores compared to gender-expansive people and transgender women. These norms provide insights into the experience of MD symptoms among gender minorities and can aid researchers and clinicians in the interpretation of MDDI scores among gender minority populations.

  View details for DOI 10.1186/s40337-021-00442-4

  View details for PubMedID 34261536

• Minority Stress, Structural Stigma, and Physical Health Among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals: Examining the Relative Strength of the Relationships. Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine Flentje, A., Clark, K. D., Cicero, E., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Sauceda, J., Neilands, T. B., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J. 2021

  Abstract

  Sexual and gender minority (SGM; i.e., non-heterosexual and transgender or gender-expansive, respectively) people experience physical health disparities attributed to greater exposure to minority stress (experiences of discrimination or victimization, anticipation of discrimination or victimization, concealment of SGM status, and internalization of stigma) and structural stigma.To examine which components of minority stress and structural stigma have the strongest relationships with physical health among SGM people.Participants (5,299 SGM people, 1,902 gender minority individuals) were from The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study. Dominance analyses estimated effect sizes showing how important each component of minority stress and structural stigma was to physical health outcomes.Among cisgender sexual minority women, transmasculine individuals, American Indian or Alaskan Native SGM individuals, Asian SGM individuals, and White SGM individuals a safe current environment for SGM people had the strongest relationship with physical health. For gender-expansive individuals and Black, African American, or African SGM individuals, the safety of the environment for SGM people in which they were raised had the strongest relationship with physical health. Among transfeminine individuals, victimization experiences had the strongest relationship with physical health. Among Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish individuals, accepting current environments had the strongest relationship with physical health. Among cisgender sexual minority men prejudice/discrimination experiences had the strongest relationship with physical health.Safe community environments had the strongest relationships with physical health among most groups of SGM people. Increasing safety and buffering the effects of unsafe communities are important for SGM health.

  View details for DOI 10.1093/abm/kaab051

  View details for PubMedID 34228052

• Community norms of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) among cisgender sexual minority men and women. BMC psychiatry Nagata, J. M., Compte, E. J., Cattle, C. J., Lavender, J. M., Brown, T. A., Murray, S. B., Flentje, A., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Obedin-Maliver, J., Lunn, M. R. 2021; 21 (1): 297

  Abstract

  Representing the pathological extreme pursuit of muscularity, muscle dysmorphia (MD) is characterized by a pervasive belief or fear around insufficient muscularity and an elevated drive for muscularity. Despite evidence of elevated body image-related concerns among sexual minority populations, little is known about the degree of muscle dysmorphia (MD) symptoms among sexual minorities, particularly based on Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) scores. The objective of this study was to examine the nature and severity of MD symptoms in cisgender sexual minority men and women and provide community norms of the MDDI for these populations.Data from participants in The PRIDE Study, an existing study of health outcomes in sexual and gender minority people from the United States, were examined. Participants included cisgender gay men (N = 1090), cisgender bisexual plus (bisexual, pansexual, and/or polysexual) men (N = 100), cisgender lesbian women (N = 563), and cisgender bisexual plus women (N = 507). We calculated means, standard deviations (SD), and percentiles for the MDDI total and subscale scores for cisgender sexual minority men and women. We compared MDDI scores by sexual orientation using linear regression models, both unadjusted and adjusted for sociodemographics.Overall, the sample was 85.2% White, 3.0% Asian or Pacific Islander, 2.0% Black, 0.5% Native American, 3.9% multiracial, and 6.6% Hispanic/Latino/a. The mean age was 38.6 (SD = 14.3) and 69.4% had a college degree or higher. Means (SD) for the MDDI total score were 27.4 (7.7) for cisgender gay men, 26.4 (6.4) for cisgender bisexual plus men, 24.3 (6.1) for cisgender lesbian women, and 24.6 (5.5) for cisgender bisexual plus women. There were no significant differences in MDDI scores between cisgender gay and bisexual plus men, or between cisgender lesbian women and bisexual plus women in unadjusted or adjusted models.These normative data provide insights into the experience of MD symptoms among cisgender sexual minority men and women and can aid researchers and clinicians in the evaluation of MD symptoms and interpretation of MDDI scores in sexual minority populations.

  View details for DOI 10.1186/s12888-021-03302-2

  View details for PubMedID 34103034

• Adverse Childhood Experiences and Past 30-Day Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use Among Sexual and Gender Minority College Students. LGBT health Grigsby, T. J., Schnarrs, P. W., Lunn, M. R., Benjamin, S. M., Lust, K., Forster, M. 2021

  Abstract

  Purpose: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) young adults report disproportionately higher rates of tobacco and nicotine product use. This study assessed the role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in nicotine and tobacco product use among SGM young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to 11,694 college students (ages 18-29 years) between 2017 and 2018 in California, Minnesota, and Texas. Results: For every additional ACE reported, the odds of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use increased for all students, with significantly higher past 30-day cigarette use among ACE-exposed SGM students. Conclusion: ACEs are an important contributing factor to tobacco-related disparities facing SGM groups.

  View details for DOI 10.1089/lgbt.2020.0456

  View details for PubMedID 34129400

• Understanding co-occurring depression symptoms and alcohol use symptoms among cisgender sexual minority women JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN SOCIAL SERVICES McGeough, B. L., Aguilera, A., Capriotti, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J., Lubensky, M. E., Lunn, M. R., Flentje, A. 2021; 33 (4): 427-450

  View details for DOI 10.1080/10538720.2021.1886214

  View details for Web of Science ID 000750624600002

• Hypertension prevalence in the All of Us Research Program among groups traditionally underrepresented in medical research. Scientific reports Chandler, P. D., Clark, C. R., Zhou, G., Noel, N. L., Achilike, C., Mendez, L., Ramirez, A. H., Loperena-Cortes, R., Mayo, K., Cohn, E., Ohno-Machado, L., Boerwinkle, E., Cicek, M., Qian, J., Schully, S., Ratsimbazafy, F., Mockrin, S., Gebo, K., Dedier, J. J., Murphy, S. N., Smoller, J. W., Karlson, E. W. 2021; 11 (1): 12849

  Abstract

  The All of Us Research Program was designed to enable broad-based precision medicine research in a cohort of unprecedented scale and diversity. Hypertension (HTN) is a major public health concern. The validity of HTN data and definition of hypertension cases in the All of Us (AoU) Research Program for use in rule-based algorithms is unknown. In this cross-sectional, population-based study, we compare HTN prevalence in the AoU Research Program to HTN prevalence in the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We used AoU baseline data from patient (age ≥ 18) measurements (PM), surveys, and electronic health record (EHR) blood pressure measurements. We retrospectively examined the prevalence of HTN in the EHR cohort using Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) codes and blood pressure medications recorded in the EHR. We defined HTN as the participant having at least 2 HTN diagnosis/billing codes on separate dates in the EHR data AND at least one HTN medication. We calculated an age-standardized HTN prevalence according to the age distribution of the U.S. Census, using 3 groups (18-39, 40-59, and ≥ 60). Among the 185,770 participants enrolled in the AoU Cohort (mean age at enrollment = 51.2 years) available in a Researcher Workbench as of October 2019, EHR data was available for at least one SNOMED code from 112,805 participants, medications for 104,230 participants, and 103,490 participants had both medication and SNOMED data. The total number of persons with SNOMED codes on at least two distinct dates and at least one antihypertensive medication was 33,310 for a crude prevalence of HTN of 32.2%. AoU age-adjusted HTN prevalence was 27.9% using 3 groups compared to 29.6% in NHANES. The AoU cohort is a growing source of diverse longitudinal data to study hypertension nationwide and develop precision rule-based algorithms for use in hypertension treatment and prevention research. The prevalence of hypertension in this cohort is similar to that in prior population-based surveys.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-92143-w

  View details for PubMedID 34158555

• Online health information seeking, health literacy, and human papillomavirus vaccination among transgender and gender-diverse people. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA Pho, A. T., Bakken, S., Lunn, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Flentje, A., Dastur, Z., Obedin-Maliver, J. 2021

  Abstract

  The purpose of this study is to describe online health information seeking among a sample of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people compared with cisgender sexual minority people to explore associations with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, and whether general health literacy and eHealth literacy moderate this relationship.We performed a cross-sectional online survey of TGD and cisgender sexual minority participants from The PRIDE Study, a longitudinal, U.S.-based, national health study of sexual and gender minority people. We employed multivariable logistic regression to model the association of online health information seeking and HPV vaccination.The online survey yielded 3258 responses. Compared with cisgender sexual minority participants, TGD had increased odds of reporting HPV vaccination (aOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.2) but decreased odds when they had looked for information about vaccines online (aOR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-0.9). TGD participants had over twice the odds of reporting HPV vaccination if they visited a social networking site like Facebook (aOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.6). No moderating effects from general or eHealth literacy were observed.Decreased reporting of HPV vaccination among TGD people after searching for vaccine information online suggests vaccine hesitancy, which may potentially be related to the quality of online content. Increased reporting of vaccination after using social media may be related to peer validation.Future studies should investigate potential deterrents to HPV vaccination in online health information to enhance its effectiveness and further explore which aspects of social media might increase vaccine uptake among TGD people.

  View details for DOI 10.1093/jamia/ocab150

  View details for PubMedID 34383916

• Psychometric evaluation of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) among cisgender gay men and cisgender lesbian women. Body image Compte, E. J., Cattle, C. J., Lavender, J. M., Murray, S. B., Brown, T. A., Capriotti, M. R., Flentje, A. n., Lubensky, M. E., Obedin-Maliver, J. n., Lunn, M. R., Nagata, J. M. 2021; 38: 241–50

  Abstract

  Despite increasing empirical interest in muscle dysmorphia (MD), a dearth of research has assessed this construct in sexual minority populations. In particular, the psychometric properties of one of the most widely used measures of MD symptoms-the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI)-have not been evaluated in sexual minority populations despite emerging evidence suggesting differential risk for MD symptoms across sexual orientation groups. In this study, we assessed the psychometric properties of the MDDI in a sample of 715 cisgender gay men and 404 cisgender lesbian women ages 18-50 years who participated in a large-scale national longitudinal cohort study of sexual and gender minority adults. The factor structure of the MDDI was examined in each sample using a two-step, split-sample exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic approach. Exploratory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure in both samples, which were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, results supported the internal consistency reliability and convergent validity of the MDDI subscales in both samples. Cumulatively, these findings suggest that the MDDI is an appropriate measure of MD symptoms among cisgender gay men and cisgender lesbian women.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.04.008

  View details for PubMedID 33962223

• Pregnancy intentions and outcomes among transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people assigned female or intersex at birth in the United States: Results from a national, quantitative survey INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH Moseson, H., Fix, L., Hastings, J., Stoeffler, A., Lunn, M. R., Flentje, A., Lubensky, M. E., Capriotti, M. R., Ragosta, S., Forsberg, H., Obedin-Maliver, J. 2020

  View details for DOI 10.1080/26895269.2020.1841058

  View details for Web of Science ID 000592692400001

• Characterization of substance use among underrepresented sexual and gender minority participants in The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study. Substance abuse Barger, B. T., Obedin-Maliver, J. n., Capriotti, M. R., Lunn, M. R., Flentje, A. n. 2020: 1–12

  Abstract

  Background: Profiles of substance use among less commonly described subgroups of sexual and gender minority (SGM) people (e.g., queer, genderqueer) remain largely unknown. Objective(s): To identify substance use differences among less commonly described SGM identity-based subgroups. Methods: The PRIDE Study is a national, online, longitudinal cohort study of self-identified SGM adults living in the U.S. Between 2015-2017, an iPhone application was used to administer three cross-sectional health questionnaires to participants, one of which included questions about binge alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use (substance use). This study was a secondary data analysis of participant responses to substance use survey items. Logistic regression and generalized linear modeling assessed relationships between sexual orientation or gender and use of or reported problems with substances within the past year. Results: Among the 1790 participants included in this study, 51.0% reported binge alcohol use, 39.8% reported marijuana use, and 19.7% reported other drug use (65.9% endorsed use of one or more of these) within the past year. Over 30% indicated substance use had been a problem in their life. Asexual individuals had lower odds of reporting past year binge alcohol and marijuana use (aOR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12-0.61; aOR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.15-0.96, respectively), and queer participants had higher odds of reporting past year marijuana use (aOR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.58-4.03) compared to lesbian participants. Gender nonbinary participants had lower odds of reporting past year binge alcohol use (aOR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.32-0.71) and transmasculine participants had higher odds of reporting past year marijuana use (aOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.10-4.31) compared to cisgender women. Conclusions: Substance use heterogeneity exists between SGM groups. Comprehensive assessment of sexual orientation and gender may improve understanding of substance use and increase equity within support and treatment services for SGM populations.HighlightsWe examined substance use among less represented sexual and gender minority groups.Alcohol and other drug use were examined by both sexual orientation and gender identity.Analyses included identities such as queer, pansexual, genderqueer and nonbinary.Alcohol use differed across asexual, genderqueer and gender nonbinary groups.Marijuana use differed across queer, asexual and transmasculine groups.

  View details for DOI 10.1080/08897077.2019.1702610

  View details for PubMedID 32032500

• Ensuring Gender-Affirming Care in Nephrology: Improving Care for Transgender and Gender-Expansive Individuals. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN Mohottige, D. n., Lunn, M. R. 2020

  View details for DOI 10.2215/CJN.14471119

  View details for PubMedID 32139362

• Screening gender minority people for harmful alcohol use. PloS one Flentje, A. n., Barger, B. T., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Tierney, M. n., Obedin-Maliver, J. n., Lunn, M. R. 2020; 15 (4): e0231022

  Abstract

  This study identifies how to screen for harmful alcohol use among gender minority (e.g., transgender and gender-expansive) people using brief screening methods and identifies which screening methods perform best among gender-expansive, transfeminine, and transmasculine subgroups, as screening recommendations are not currently available. Using 2018 Annual Questionnaire data from The PRIDE Study, area under the curve (AUC) values were compared to identify which screening methods ("4 or more" or "5 or more" drinks on one occasion in the past year, or one or more items from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT]) best predicted (i) harmful alcohol use and (ii) one or more past year alcohol dependence symptoms or consequences. Among 1892 participants, "5 or more" drinks on one occasion (AUC ranges: 0.82-0.86) performed better than "4 or more" drinks (AUC ranges: 0.78-0.81) in predicting harmful drinking. The screening methods "4 or more" drinks, "5 or more" drinks, and the consumption items of the AUDIT (AUDIT-C) using a cutoff score of 3 all maximized sensitivity and specificity to predict alcohol dependence symptoms or consequences in gender minority people overall (AUC: 0.77-0.78). Screening for "5 or more" drinks on one occasion within the past year performed as well as or better than other screening methods to detect both harmful drinking and alcohol dependence-related symptoms or consequences. This single-item screening method can identify if more extensive alcohol use assessment is warranted with gender minority people.

  View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0231022

  View details for PubMedID 32255781

• What Sexual and Gender Minority People Want Researchers to Know About Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Questions: A Qualitative Study. Archives of sexual behavior Suen, L. W., Lunn, M. R., Katuzny, K. n., Finn, S. n., Duncan, L. n., Sevelius, J. n., Flentje, A. n., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Hunt, C. n., Weber, S. n., Bibbins-Domingo, K. n., Obedin-Maliver, J. n. 2020

  Abstract

  Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people-including members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer communities-are understudied and underrepresented in research. Current sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) questions do not sufficiently engage SGM people, and there is a critical gap in understanding how SOGI questions reduce inclusion and accurate empirical representation. We conducted a qualitative study to answer the question, "For SGM people, what are the major limitations with current SOGI questions?" Focus groups probed reactions to SOGI questions adapted from prior national surveys and clinical best practice guidelines. Questions were refined and presented in semi-structured cognitive interviews. Template analysis using a priori themes guided analysis. There were 74 participants: 55 in nine focus groups and 19 in cognitive interviews. Participants were diverse: 51.3% identified as gender minorities, 87.8% as sexual minorities, 8.1% as Hispanic/Latinx, 13.5% as Black or African-American, and 43.2% as Non-white. Two major themes emerged: (1) SOGI questions did not allow for identity fluidity and complexity, reducing inclusion and representation, and (2) SOGI question stems and answer choices were often not clear as to which SOGI dimension was being assessed. To our knowledge, this represents the largest body of qualitative data studying SGM perspectives when responding to SOGI questions. We present recommendations for future development and use of SOGI measures. Attention to these topics may improve meaningful participation of SGM people in research and implementation of such research within and for SGM communities.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10508-020-01810-y

  View details for PubMedID 32875381

• Meeting the Patient Care, Education, and Research Missions: Academic Medical Centers Must Comprehensively Address Sexual and Gender Minority Health. Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges Streed, C. G., Lunn, M. R., Siegel, J. n., Obedin-Maliver, J. n. 2020

  Abstract

  While sociopolitical advances have improved the rights of sexual and gender minorities (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer [LGBTQ+] persons), they continue to face a health system that discriminates against them and does not provide competent, comprehensive care. Despite calls for advancing research, there remains limited sexual and gender minority health research funding, mentorship, and institutional support. Academic medical centers are best suited to systematically tackle disparities and improve care for all sexual and gender minority people through their tripartite missions of patient care, education, and research. In this article, the authors outline discrimination experienced by LGBTQ+ persons and highlight the unique disparities they experience across access and outcomes. The authors posit that by systematically improving clinical care of, incorporating education and training about, and research with LGBTQ+ people into their core missions, academic medical centers can dramatically change the health care landscape. Academic medical centers can eliminate health disparities, expand necessary research endeavors about sexual and gender minorities, and prepare the health care workforce to address the unique needs of these overlooked populations.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003703

  View details for PubMedID 32852319

• Eating disorder attitudes and disordered eating behaviors as measured by the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among cisgender lesbian women. Body image Nagata, J. M., Murray, S. B., Flentje, A. n., Compte, E. J., Schauer, R. n., Pak, E. n., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J. n. 2020; 34: 215–20

  Abstract

  The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) is a measure of eating disorder attitudes and disordered eating behaviors. Prior descriptive studies of the EDE-Q for women either did not assess or omitted reporting sexual orientation. This study's objective was to assess eating disorder attitudes and disordered eating behaviors as measured by the EDE-Q among cisgender lesbian women. We present mean scores and standard deviations for the EDE-Q among 563 self-identified cisgender lesbian women ages 18-77 who were recruited from The PRIDE Study in 2018. Among cisgender lesbian women, 3.4 % scored in the clinically significant range on the Restraint, 1.6 % on the Eating Concern, 9.1 % on the Weight Concern, 13.9 % on the Shape Concern, and 3.9 % on the Global Score scales of the EDE-Q. We found that 13.5 % of participants reported any occurrence (≥1/28 days) of dietary restriction, 8.7 % for objective binge episodes, 5.3 % for excessive exercise, .4% for self-induced vomiting, and .4% for laxative misuse. Participants reported a current (1.8 %) or lifetime (7.1 %) diagnosis of an eating disorder by a clinician. These EDE-Q descriptive data capture eating disorder attitudes and disordered eating behaviors among cisgender lesbian women and may aid clinicians and researchers in interpreting the EDE-Q in this specific population.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.06.005

  View details for PubMedID 32652490

• Development of an affirming and customizable electronic survey of sexual and reproductive health experiences for transgender and gender nonbinary people. PloS one Moseson, H. n., Lunn, M. R., Katz, A. n., Fix, L. n., Durden, M. n., Stoeffler, A. n., Hastings, J. n., Cudlitz, L. n., Goldberg, E. n., Lesser-Lee, B. n., Letcher, L. n., Reyes, A. n., Flentje, A. n., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Obedin-Maliver, J. n. 2020; 15 (5): e0232154

  Abstract

  To address pervasive measurement biases in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) research, our interdisciplinary team created an affirming, customizable electronic survey to measure experiences with contraceptive use, pregnancy, and abortion for transgender and gender nonbinary people assigned female or intersex at birth and cisgender sexual minority women. Between May 2018 and April 2019, we developed a questionnaire with 328 items across 10 domains including gender identity; language used for sexual and reproductive anatomy and events; gender affirmation process history; sexual orientation and sexual activity; contraceptive use and preferences; pregnancy history and desires; abortion history and preferences; priorities for sexual and reproductive health care; family building experiences; and sociodemographic characteristics. Recognizing that the words people use for their sexual and reproductive anatomy can vary, we programmed the survey to allow participants to input the words they use to describe their bodies, and then used those customized words to replace traditional medical terms throughout the survey. This process-oriented paper aims to describe the rationale for and collaborative development of an affirming, customizable survey of the SRH needs and experiences of sexual and gender minorities, and to present summary demographic characteristics of 3,110 people who completed the survey. We also present data on usage of customizable words, and offer the full text of the survey, as well as code for programming the survey and cleaning the data, for others to use directly or as guidelines for how to measure SRH outcomes with greater sensitivity to gender diversity and a range of sexual orientations.

  View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0232154

  View details for PubMedID 32365110

• Recommendations for improving national clinical datasets for health equity research. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA Block, R. G., Puro, J. n., Cottrell, E. n., Lunn, M. R., Dunne, M. J., Quiñones, A. R., Chung, B. n., Pinnock, W. n., Reid, G. M., Heintzman, J. n. 2020

  Abstract

  Health and healthcare disparities continue despite clinical, research, and policy efforts. Large clinical datasets may not contain data relevant to healthcare disparities and leveraging these for research may be crucial to improve health equity. The Health Disparities Collaborative Research Group was commissioned by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute to examine the data science needs for quality and complete data and provide recommendations for improving data science around health disparities. The group convened content experts, researchers, clinicians, and patients to produce these recommendations and suggestions for implementation. Our desire was to produce recommendations to improve the usability of healthcare datasets for health equity research. The recommendations are summarized in 3 primary domains: patient voice, accurate variables, and data linkage. The implementation of these recommendations in national datasets has the potential to accelerate health disparities research and promote efforts to reduce health inequities.

  View details for DOI 10.1093/jamia/ocaa144

  View details for PubMedID 32885240

• Community norms for the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) among cisgender bisexual plus women and men. Eating and weight disorders : EWD Nagata, J. M., Compte, E. J., Murray, S. B., Schauer, R. n., Pak, E. n., Flentje, A. n., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J. n. 2020

  Abstract

  Cisgender bisexual plus (including bisexual, pansexual, and polysexual) women and men experience unique health concerns including eating disorders. The purpose of this study was to develop community norms for eating disorder attitudes and disordered eating behaviors in cisgender bisexual plus women and men using the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q).Participants were cisgender bisexual plus women (n = 462) and men (n = 93) participants in The PRIDE Study, an existing study of sexual and gender minority people.Mean and standard deviation of EDE-Q scores among cisgender bisexual plus women and men, respectively, were: Global (1.75 ± 1.26, 1.56 ± 1.18), Restraint (1.34 ± 1.44, 1.42 ± 1.53), Eating Concern (0.96 ± 1.13, 0.63 ± 0.96), Weight Concern 2.27 ± 1.55, 1.89 ± 1.46), and Shape Concern 42 ± 1.62, 2.30 ± 1.57). Among cisgender bisexual plus women and men, respectively, 27.5% and 22.6% scored in the clinically significant range on the Global score. Bisexual plus women and men reported any occurrence (≥ 1/28 days) of dietary restraint (19.3%, 23.7%), objective binge episodes (11.1%, 10.8%), excessive exercise (4.5%, 5.4%), self-induced vomiting (1.7%, 0.0%), and laxative misuse (0.4%, 1.1%), respectively. A lower percentage of age-matched cisgender bisexual plus women (18-25 years) reported any occurrence of objective binge episodes, self-induced vomiting, laxative misuse, and excessive exercise than previously published in young women. Age-matched cisgender bisexual plus men (18-26 years) reported higher weight concern subscale scores than previously published in young men.These norms should aid clinicians in applying and interpreting the EDE-Q scores of cisgender bisexual plus women and men.Level V: cross-sectional descriptive study.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s40519-020-01070-8

  View details for PubMedID 33270173

• Sexual Subcultures and HIV Prevention Methods: An Assessment of Condom Use, PrEP, and TasP Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Using a Social and Sexual Networking Smartphone Application. Archives of sexual behavior Schnarrs, P. W., Jones, S. S., Parsons, J. T., Baldwin, A. n., Rosenberger, J. G., Lunn, M. R., Rendina, H. J. 2020

  Abstract

  Despite being grouped together in epidemiological risk categories, gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) are not a homogenous group. In addition to traditional segmentation along race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, many GBM also identify with sexual subcultural communities. Previous research has shown differences across a variety of health outcomes between these sexual subcultural communities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether HIV prevention practices among GBM differed according to sexual subcultural community. The study was conducted in collaboration with a popular social and sexual networking smartphone application company. A total of 23,577 GBM responded to the survey. A latent class analysis identified 6 distinct classes related to sexual subcultural community identification. We found significant differences across sociodemographic characteristics, HIV prevention practices, and condomless anal sex in the past 6 months related to sexual subculture identification. Findings suggest that sexual subcultural identity is related to decision-making around HIV prevention among GBM. Differences in HIV prevention strategies are likely a function of group norms, unique shared experiences among GBM identifying with a particular sexual subculture community, and sociodemographic characteristics associated with these groups. As such, sexual subculture identity should be considered in developing interventions and social marketing campaigns to increase uptake of biomedical HIV prevention tools among GBM. Identifying group norms and shared experiences related to HIV prevention practices among sexual subcultures is necessary to understand the role these identities play in lives of GBM, especially as it relates to their sexual health and well-being.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10508-020-01784-x

  View details for PubMedID 32728870

• Depression and Anxiety Changes Among Sexual and Gender Minority People Coinciding with Onset of COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of general internal medicine Flentje, A. n., Obedin-Maliver, J. n., Lubensky, M. E., Dastur, Z. n., Neilands, T. n., Lunn, M. R. 2020

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s11606-020-05970-4

  View details for PubMedID 32556877

• Community norms for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among gender-expansive populations. Journal of eating disorders Nagata, J. M., Compte, E. J., Cattle, C. J., Flentje, A. n., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Murray, S. B., Obedin-Maliver, J. n., Lunn, M. R. 2020; 8 (1): 74

  Abstract

  Gender-expansive individuals (i.e., those who identify outside of the binary system of man or woman) are a marginalized group that faces discrimination and have a high burden of mental health problems, but there is a paucity of research on eating disorders in this population. This study aimed to describe the community norms for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in gender-expansive populations.The participants were 988 gender-expansive individuals (defined as neither exclusively cisgender nor binary transgender) from The PRIDE study, an existing longitudinal cohort study of health outcomes in sexual and gender minority people.We present the mean scores, standard deviations, and percentile ranks for the Global score and four subscale scores of the EDE-Q in this group as a whole and stratified by sex assigned at birth. Gender-expansive individuals reported any occurrence (≥1/28 days) of dietary restraint (23.0%), objective binge episodes (12.9%), excessive exercise (7.4%), self-induced vomiting (1.4%), or laxative misuse (1.2%). We found no statistically significant differences by sex assigned at birth. Compared to a prior study of transgender men and women, there were no significant differences in eating attitudes or disordered eating behaviors noted between gender-expansive individuals and transgender men. Transgender women reported higher Restraint and Shape Concern subscale scores compared to gender-expansive individuals. Compared to a prior study of presumed cisgender men 18-26 years, our age-matched gender-expansive sample had higher Eating, Weight, and Shape Concern subscales and Global Score, but reported a lower frequency of objective binge episodes and excessive exercise. Compared to a prior study of presumed cisgender women 18-25 years, our age-matched gender-expansive sample had a higher Shape Concern subscale score, a lower Restraint subscale score, and lower frequencies of self-induced vomiting, laxative misuse, and excessive exercise.Gender-expansive individuals reported lower Restraint and Shape Concern scores than transgender women; higher Eating, Weight, and Shape Concern scores than presumed cisgender men; and lower Restraint but higher Shape Concern scores than presumed cisgender women. These norms can help clinicians in treating this population and interpreting the EDE-Q scores of their gender-expansive patients.

  View details for DOI 10.1186/s40337-020-00352-x

  View details for PubMedID 33292636

• Abortion experiences and preferences of transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people in the United States. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology Moseson, H. n., Fix, L. n., Ragosta, S. n., Forsberg, H. n., Hastings, J. n., Stoeffler, A. n., Lunn, M. R., Flentje, A. n., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Obedin-Maliver, J. n. 2020

  Abstract

  Transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive (TGE) people who were assigned female or intersex at birth experience pregnancy and have abortions. No data have been published on individual abortion experiences or preferences of this understudied population.To fill existing evidence gaps on the abortion experiences and preferences of TGE people in the United States to inform policies and practices to improve access to and quality of abortion care for this population.In 2019, we recruited TGE people assigned female or intersex at birth and aged 18 years and older from across the United States to participate in an online survey about sexual and reproductive health recruited through The PRIDE Study and online postings. We descriptively analyzed closed- and open-ended survey responses related to pregnancy history, abortion experiences, preferences for abortion method, recommendations to improve abortion care for TGE people, and respondent sociodemographic characteristics.The majority of the 1,694 respondents were less than 30 years of age. Respondents represented multiple gender identities and sexual orientations and resided across all four United States Census Regions. Overall, 210 (12%) respondents had ever been pregnant; these 210 reported 421 total pregnancies, of which 92 (22%) ended in abortion. For respondents' most recent abortion, 41 (61%) were surgical, 23 (34%) were medication, and 3 (4.5%) used another method (primarily herbal). Most recent abortions took place at or before nine weeks gestation (n=41, 61%). If they were to need an abortion today, respondents preferred medication abortion to surgical abortion three to one (n=703 versus n=217), but 514 (30%) respondents did not know which method they would prefer. Reasons for medication abortion preference among the 703 respondents included a belief that it is the least invasive method (n=553, 79%) and the most private method (n=388, 55%). To improve accessibility and quality of abortion care for TGE patients, respondents most frequently recommended that abortion clinics adopt gender-neutral or gender-affirming intake forms, that providers utilize gender-neutral language, and that greater privacy be incorporated into the clinic.These data contribute significantly to the evidence base on individual experiences of and preferences for abortion care for TGE people. Findings can be used to adapt abortion care to better include and affirm the experiences of this underserved population.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.09.035

  View details for PubMedID 32986990

• Community norms for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among transgender men and women. Eating behaviors Nagata, J. M., Murray, S. B., Compte, E. J., Pak, E. H., Schauer, R. n., Flentje, A. n., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J. n. 2020; 37: 101381

  Abstract

  Transgender men and women may be at risk for eating disorders, but prior community norms of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) are based on presumed cisgender men and woman and have not intentionally included transgender people. The objective of this study was to develop community norms for eating disorder attitudes and disordered eating behaviors in transgender men and women using the EDE-Q. Participants were 312 transgender men and 172 transgender women participants in The PRIDE Study, an existing cohort study of sexual and gender minority people. We present mean scores, standard deviations, and percentile ranks for the Global score and four subscale scores of the EDE-Q in transgender men and women. Transgender men and women reported any occurrence (≥1/week) of dietary restraint (25.0% and 27.9%), objective binge episodes (11.2% and 12.8%), excessive exercise (8.0% and 8.1%), self-induced vomiting (1.6% and 1.7%), and laxative misuse (.3% and .6%), respectively. Compared to a prior study of presumed cisgender men 18-26 years (Lavender, De Young, & Anderson, 2010), our age-matched subsample of transgender men reported lower rates of objective binge episodes and excessive exercise. Compared to a prior study of presumed cisgender women 18-42 years (Mond, Hay, Rodgers, & Owen, 2006), we found that an age-matched sample of transgender women reported higher rates of dietary restraint but lower rates of excessive exercise. These norms should aid clinicians in applying and researchers in investigating and interpreting the EDE-Q scores of transgender men and women.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101381

  View details for PubMedID 32416588

• Supporting sexual and gender minority health: Research priorities from mental health professionals JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH Clark, K. D., Capriotti, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J., Lunn, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Flentje, A. 2019

  View details for DOI 10.1080/19359705.2019.1700865

  View details for Web of Science ID 000503440300001

• Community norms for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire among cisgender gay men. European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association Nagata, J. M., Capriotti, M. R., Murray, S. B., Compte, E. J., Griffiths, S. n., Bibbins-Domingo, K. n., Obedin-Maliver, J. n., Flentje, A. n., Lubensky, M. E., Lunn, M. R. 2019

  Abstract

  Prior norms of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among men have not considered sexual orientation. This study's objective was to assess EDE-Q community norms among cisgender gay men.Participants were 978 self-identified cisgender gay men from The PRIDE Study recruited in 2018.We present mean scores and standard deviations for the EDE-Q among cisgender gay men ages 18-82. Among cisgender gay men, 4.0% scored in the clinically significant range on the global score, 5.7% on the restraint, 2.1% on the eating concern, 10.5% on the weight concern, and 21.4% on the shape concern subscales of the EDE-Q. The global score as well as weight and shape concerns in a young adult subsample (18-26 years) from The PRIDE Study were higher than previously reported norms in young men (Lavender, 2010). Participants reported any occurrence (≥1/28 days) of dietary restraint (19.8%), objective binge episodes (10.9%), excessive exercise (10.1%), laxative misuse (1.1%), and self-induced vomiting (0.6%). Binge eating, excessive exercise, and self-induced vomiting in The PRIDE Study subsample were lower than previously reported in young men.We provide EDE-Q norms among cisgender gay men, which should aid clinicians and researchers to interpret the EDE-Q scores of cisgender gay men.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/erv.2708

  View details for PubMedID 31793119

• The "All of Us" Research Program. The New England journal of medicine Denny, J. C., Rutter, J. L., Goldstein, D. B., Philippakis, A. n., Smoller, J. W., Jenkins, G. n., Dishman, E. n. 2019; 381 (7): 668–76

  Abstract

  Knowledge gained from observational cohort studies has dramatically advanced the prevention and treatment of diseases. Many of these cohorts, however, are small, lack diversity, or do not provide comprehensive phenotype data. The All of Us Research Program plans to enroll a diverse group of at least 1 million persons in the United States in order to accelerate biomedical research and improve health. The program aims to make the research results accessible to participants, and it is developing new approaches to generate, access, and make data broadly available to approved researchers. All of Us opened for enrollment in May 2018 and currently enrolls participants 18 years of age or older from a network of more than 340 recruitment sites. Elements of the program protocol include health questionnaires, electronic health records (EHRs), physical measurements, the use of digital health technology, and the collection and analysis of biospecimens. As of July 2019, more than 175,000 participants had contributed biospecimens. More than 80% of these participants are from groups that have been historically underrepresented in biomedical research. EHR data on more than 112,000 participants from 34 sites have been collected. The All of Us data repository should permit researchers to take into account individual differences in lifestyle, socioeconomic factors, environment, and biologic characteristics in order to advance precision diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.

  View details for DOI 10.1056/NEJMsr1809937

  View details for PubMedID 31412182

• Using mobile technology to engage sexual and gender minorities in clinical research. PloS one Lunn, M. R., Capriotti, M. R., Flentje, A. n., Bibbins-Domingo, K. n., Pletcher, M. J., Triano, A. J., Sooksaman, C. n., Frazier, J. n., Obedin-Maliver, J. n. 2019; 14 (5): e0216282

  Abstract

  Historical and current stigmatizing and discriminatory experiences drive sexual and gender minority (SGM) people away from health care and clinical research. Being medically underserved, they face numerous disparities that make them vulnerable to poor health outcomes. Effective methods to engage and recruit SGM people into clinical research studies are needed.To promote health equity and understand SGM health needs, we sought to design an online, national, longitudinal cohort study entitled The PRIDE (Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality) Study that enabled SGM people to safely participate, provide demographic and health data, and generate SGM health-related research ideas.We developed an iPhone mobile application ("app") to engage and recruit SGM people to The PRIDE Study-Phase 1. Participants completed demographic and health surveys and joined in asynchronous discussions about SGM health-related topics important to them for future study.The PRIDE Study-Phase 1 consented 18,099 participants. Of them, 16,394 provided data. More than 98% identified as a sexual minority, and more than 15% identified as a gender minority. The sample was diverse in terms of sexual orientation, gender identity, age, race, ethnicity, geographic location, education, and individual income. Participants completed 24,022 surveys, provided 3,544 health topics important to them, and cast 60,522 votes indicating their opinion of a particular health topic.We developed an iPhone app that recruited SGM adults and collected demographic and health data for a new national online cohort study. Digital engagement features empowered participants to become committed stakeholders in the research development process. We believe this is the first time that a mobile app has been used to specifically engage and recruit large numbers of an underrepresented population for clinical research. Similar approaches may be successful, convenient, and cost-effective at engaging and recruiting other vulnerable populations into clinical research studies.

  View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0216282

  View details for PubMedID 31048870

• A digital health research platform for community engagement, recruitment, and retention of sexual and gender minority adults in a national longitudinal cohort study--The PRIDE Study. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA Lunn, M. R., Lubensky, M. n., Hunt, C. n., Flentje, A. n., Capriotti, M. R., Sooksaman, C. n., Harnett, T. n., Currie, D. n., Neal, C. n., Obedin-Maliver, J. n. 2019

  Abstract

  Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people are underrepresented in research. We sought to create a digital research platform to engage, recruit, and retain SGM people in a national, longitudinal, dynamic, cohort study (The PRIDE Study) of SGM health.We partnered with design and development firms and engaged SGM community members to build a secure, cloud-based, containerized, microservices-based, feature-rich, research platform. We created PRIDEnet, a national network of individuals and organizations that actively engaged SGM communities in all stages of health research. The PRIDE Study participants were recruited via in-person outreach, communications to PRIDEnet constituents, social media advertising, and word-of-mouth. Participants completed surveys to report demographic as well as physical, mental, and social health data.We built a secure digital research platform with engaging functionality that engaged SGM people and recruited and retained 13 731 diverse individuals in 2 years. A sizeable sample of 3813 gender minority people (32.8% of cohort) were recruited despite representing only approximately 0.6% of the population. Participants engaged with the platform and completed comprehensive annual surveys- including questions about sensitive and stigmatizing topics- to create a data resource and join a cohort for ongoing SGM health research.With an appealing digital platform, recruitment and engagement in online-only longitudinal cohort studies are possible. Participant engagement with meaningful, bidirectional relationships creates stakeholders and enables study cocreation. Research about effective tactics to engage, recruit, and maintain active participation from all communities is needed.This digital research platform successfully recruited and engaged diverse SGM participants in The PRIDE Study. A similar approach may be successful in partnership with other underrepresented and vulnerable populations.

  View details for DOI 10.1093/jamia/ocz082

  View details for PubMedID 31162545

• Advancing Equity in Nephrology: Enhancing Care for LGBTQ+ Patients and Our Workforce. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN Mohottige, D. n., Lunn, M. R. 2019

  View details for DOI 10.2215/CJN.01950219

  View details for PubMedID 31118212

• Resilience Against Depression Disparities (RADD): a protocol for a randomised comparative effectiveness trial for depression among predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic, sexual and gender minorities. BMJ open Vargas, S. M., Wennerstrom, A. n., Alfaro, N. n., Belin, T. n., Griffith, K. n., Haywood, C. n., Jones, F. n., Lunn, M. R., Meyers, D. n., Miranda, J. n., Obedin-Maliver, J. n., Pollock, M. n., Sherbourne, C. D., Springgate, B. F., Sugarman, O. K., Rey, E. n., Williams, C. n., Williams, P. n., Chung, B. n. 2019; 9 (10): e031099

  Abstract

  Depression is the leading cause of adult disability and common among sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults. The current study builds on findings showing the effectiveness of depression quality improvement (QI) and delivery of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) skills provided by community health workers in reducing depression. Depression QI approaches across healthcare and social/community services in safety-net settings have shown improvements in mental wellness, mental health quality of life and depression over 12 months. Further, a randomised study showed improved depression among low-income racial/ethnic minorities enrolled in a CBT-informed resiliency class (Building Resilience and Increasing Community Hope (B-RICH)). The current protocol describes a comparativeness effectiveness study to evaluate whether predominantly low-income, SGM racial/ethnic minority adults randomised to a CBT-informed resiliency class have improvements in depressive symptoms over and above community-engaged QI resources and training only.The study approached three clusters of four to five programs serving predominantly SGM and racial/ethnic minority communities in the USA: two clusters in Los Angeles, California, and one in New Orleans, Louisiana. Clusters are comprised of one primary care, one mental health and two to three community agencies (eg, faith-based, social services/support, advocacy). All programs received depression QI training. The current study employed a community-partnered participatory research model to adapt the CBT-informed resiliency class, B-RICH+, to SGM communities. Study participants were screened and recruited in person from participating programs, and will complete baseline, 6- and 12-month survey follow-ups. Participants were depressed adults (8-item Patient Health Questionnaire ≥10; ≥18 years of age) who provided contact information. Enrolled participants were individually randomised to B-RICH+ or depression QI alone. Primary outcomes are depressive symptoms; secondary outcomes are mental health quality of life, mental wellness and physical health quality of life. Data collection for this study is ongoing.The current study was approved by the UCLA Institutional Review Board. Study findings will be disseminated through scientific publications and community conferences.https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02986126.

  View details for DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031099

  View details for PubMedID 31641001

• Genetic Counselors' and Genetic Counseling Students' Implicit and Explicit Attitudes toward Homosexuality. Journal of genetic counseling Nathan, M. L., Ormond, K. E., Dial, C. M., Gamma, A. n., Lunn, M. R. 2018

  Abstract

  Members of the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) community experience significant health disparities. Widespread preferences for heterosexual over homosexual people among healthcare providers are believed to contribute to this inequity, making recognition (and ultimately reduction) of healthcare providers' sexual prejudices of import. The present study sought to characterize North American genetic counselors' and genetic counseling students' implicit and explicit attitudes toward homosexuality. During January 2017, 575 participants completed a Web-based survey and Sexuality Implicit Association Test (SIAT). A majority of participants (60.2%) harbored implicit preferences for heterosexual over homosexual people. Mean implicit attitude score (0.24) indicated a slight automatic preference for heterosexual over homosexual people, while mean explicit attitude score (0.033) indicated no preference for either group. Although participants' implicit and explicit attitudes were positively correlated (p < 0.001), there was greater implicit bias for heterosexual over homosexual people than suggested by explicit attitude scores (p < 0.001). Implicit attitudes differed across self-reported sexual orientation (p < 0.001), but not across gender, race, or genetic counseling specialty. Education has been demonstrated to be moderately effective at reducing sexual prejudices, and almost all participants (95.8%) indicated that they would support the implementation of genetic counseling curricula addressing lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) issues. The study's combined findings suggest that North American genetic counselors and genetic counseling students support, and may benefit from, the implementation of genetic counseling curricula addressing LGBT issues.

  View details for PubMedID 30168102

• The new era of precision population health: insights for the All of Us Research Program and beyond. Journal of translational medicine Lyles, C. R., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J. n., Bibbins-Domingo, K. n. 2018; 16 (1): 211

  Abstract

  Although precision medicine has made advances in individualized patient treatments, there needs to be continued attention on tailored population health and prevention strategies (often termed "precision population health"). As we continue to link datasets and use "big data" approaches in medicine, inclusion of diverse populations and a focus on disparities reduction are key components within a precision population health framework. Specific recommendations from the All of Us Research Program and the Precision Public Health Summit provide examples for moving this field forward.

  View details for DOI 10.1186/s12967-018-1585-5

  View details for PubMedID 30053823

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6062956

• Sociodemographic Characteristics and Health Outcomes Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual US Adults Using Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicators LGBT HEALTH Lunn, M. R., Cui, W., Zack, M. M., Thompson, W. W., Blank, M. B., Yehia, B. R. 2017; 4 (4): 283–94

  Abstract

  This study aimed to characterize the sociodemographic characteristics of sexual minority (i.e., gay, lesbian, bisexual) adults and compare sexual minority and heterosexual populations on nine Healthy People 2020 leading health indicators (LHIs).Using a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey (National Health Interview Survey 2013-2015) of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population (228,893,944 adults), nine Healthy People 2020 LHIs addressing health behaviors and access to care, stratified using a composite variable of sex (female, male) and sexual orientation (gay or lesbian, bisexual, heterosexual), were analyzed individually and in aggregate.In 2013-2015, sexual minority adults represented 2.4% of the U.S.Compared to heterosexuals, sexual minorities were more likely to be younger and to have never married. Gays and lesbians were more likely to have earned a graduate degree. Gay males were more likely to have a usual primary care provider, but gay/lesbian females were less likely than heterosexuals to have a usual primary care provider and health insurance. Gay males received more colorectal cancer screening than heterosexual males. Gay males, gay/lesbian females, and bisexual females were more likely to be current smokers than their sex-matched, heterosexual counterparts. Binge drinking was more common in bisexuals compared to heterosexuals. Sexual minority females were more likely to be obese than heterosexual females; the converse was true for gay males. Sexual minorities underwent more HIV testing than their heterosexual peers, but bisexual males were less likely than gay males to be tested. Gay males were more likely to meet all eligible LHIs than heterosexual males. Overall, more sexual minority adults met all eligible LHIs compared to heterosexual adults. Similar results were found regardless of HIV testing LHI inclusion.Differences between sexual minorities and heterosexuals suggest the need for targeted health assessments and public health interventions aimed at reducing specific negative health behaviors.

  View details for PubMedID 28727950

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5564038

• Estimating the Prevalence of Sexual Minority Adolescents. JAMA Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J. n., Bibbins-Domingo, K. n. 2017; 317 (16): 1691–92

  View details for DOI 10.1001/jama.2017.2918

  View details for PubMedID 28444268

• Applying Organizational Change to Promote Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Inclusion and Reduce Health Disparities. LGBT health Eckstrand, K. L., Lunn, M. R., Yehia, B. R. 2017; 4 (3): 174–80

  Abstract

  Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations face numerous barriers when accessing and receiving healthcare, which amplify specific LGBT health disparities. An effective strategic approach is necessary for academic health centers to meet the growing needs of LGBT populations. Although effective organizational change models have been proposed for other minority populations, the authors are not aware of any organizational change models that specifically promote LGBT inclusion and mitigate access barriers to reduce LGBT health disparities. With decades of combined experience, we identify elements and processes necessary to accelerate LGBT organizational change and reduce LGBT health disparities. This framework may assist health organizations in initiating and sustaining meaningful organizational change to improve the health and healthcare of the LGBT communities.

  View details for DOI 10.1089/lgbt.2015.0148

  View details for PubMedID 28296563

• Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Patient Care: Medical Students' Preparedness and Comfort. Teaching and learning in medicine White, W., Brenman, S., Paradis, E., Goldsmith, E. S., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J., Stewart, L., Tran, E., Wells, M., Chamberlain, L. J., Fetterman, D. M., Garcia, G. 2015; 27 (3): 254-263

  Abstract

  Phenomenon: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals face significant barriers in accessing appropriate and comprehensive medical care. Medical students' level of preparedness and comfort caring for LGBT patients is unknown.An online questionnaire (2009-2010) was distributed to students (n = 9,522) at 176 allopathic and osteopathic medical schools in Canada and the United States, followed by focus groups (2010) with students (n = 35) at five medical schools. The objective of this study was to characterize LGBT-related medical curricula, to determine medical students' assessments of their institutions' LGBT-related curricular content, and to evaluate their comfort and preparedness in caring for LGBT patients.Of 9,522 survey respondents, 4,262 from 170 schools were included in the final analysis. Most medical students (2,866/4,262; 67.3%) evaluated their LGBT-related curriculum as "fair" or worse. Students most often felt prepared addressing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; 3,254/4,147; 78.5%) and non-HIV sexually transmitted infections (2,851/4,136; 68.9%). They felt least prepared discussing sex reassignment surgery (1,061/4,070; 26.1%) and gender transitioning (1,141/4,068; 28.0%). Medical education helped 62.6% (2,669/4,262) of students feel "more prepared" and 46.3% (1,972/4,262) of students feel "more comfortable" to care for LGBT patients. Four focus group sessions with 29 students were transcribed and analyzed. Qualitative analysis suggested students have significant concerns in addressing certain aspects of LGBT health, specifically with transgender patients. Insights: Medical students thought LGBT-specific curricula could be improved, consistent with the findings from a survey of deans of medical education. They felt comfortable, but not fully prepared, to care for LGBT patients. Increasing curricular coverage of LGBT-related topics is indicated with emphasis on exposing students to LGBT patients in clinical settings.

  View details for DOI 10.1080/10401334.2015.1044656

  View details for PubMedID 26158327

• Sexual and Gender Minority Identity Disclosure During Undergraduate Medical Education: "In the Closet" in Medical School ACADEMIC MEDICINE Mansh, M., White, W., Gee-Tong, L., Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J., Stewart, L., Goldsmith, E., Brenman, S., Tran, E., Wells, M., Fetterman, D., Garcia, G. 2015; 90 (5): 634-644

  Abstract

  To assess identity disclosure among sexual and gender minority (SGM) students pursuing undergraduate medical training in the United States and Canada.From 2009 to 2010, a survey was made available to all medical students enrolled in the 176 MD- and DO-granting medical schools in the United States and Canada. Respondents were asked about their sexual and gender identity, whether they were "out" (i.e., had publicly disclosed their identity), and, if they were not, their reasons for concealing their identity. The authors used a mixed-methods approach and analyzed quantitative and qualitative survey data.Of 5,812 completed responses (of 101,473 eligible respondents; response rate 5.7%), 920 (15.8%) students from 152 (of 176; 86.4%) institutions identified as SGMs. Of the 912 sexual minorities, 269 (29.5%) concealed their sexual identity in medical school. Factors associated with sexual identity concealment included sexual minority identity other than lesbian or gay, male gender, East Asian race, and medical school enrollment in the South or Central regions of North America. The most common reasons for concealing one's sexual identity were "nobody's business" (165/269; 61.3%), fear of discrimination in medical school (117/269; 43.5%), and social or cultural norms (110/269; 40.9%). Of the 35 gender minorities, 21 (60.0%) concealed their gender identity, citing fear of discrimination in medical school (9/21; 42.9%) and lack of support (9/21; 42.9%).SGM students continue to conceal their identity during undergraduate medical training. Medical institutions should adopt targeted policies and programs to better support these individuals.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000657

  View details for Web of Science ID 000353879700027

  View details for PubMedID 25692563

• What makes a top research medical school? A call for a new model to evaluate academic physicians and medical school performance. Academic medicine Goldstein, M. J., Lunn, M. R., Peng, L. 2015; 90 (5): 603-608

  Abstract

  Since the publication of the Flexner Report in 1910, the medical education enterprise has undergone many changes to ensure that medical schools meet a minimum standard for the curricula and clinical training they offer students. Although the efforts of the licensing and accrediting bodies have raised the quality of medical education, the educational processes that produce the physicians who provide the best patient care and conduct the best biomedical research have not been identified. Comparative analyses are powerful tools to understand the differences between institutions, but they are challenging to carry out. As a result, the analysis performed by U.S. News & World Report (USN&WR) has become the default tool to compare U.S. medical schools. Medical educators must explore more rigorous and equitable approaches to analyze and understand the performance of medical schools. In particular, a better understanding and more thorough evaluation of the most successful institutions in producing academic physicians with biomedical research careers are needed. In this Perspective, the authors present a new model to evaluate medical schools' production of academic physicians who advance medicine through basic, clinical, translational, and implementation science research. This model is based on relevant and accessible objective criteria that should replace the subjective criteria used in the current USN&WR rankings system. By fostering a national discussion about the most meaningful criteria that should be measured and reported, the authors hope to increase transparency of assessment standards and ultimately improve educational quality.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000646

  View details for PubMedID 25607941

• From Patients to Providers: Changing the Culture in Medicine Toward Sexual and Gender Minorities ACADEMIC MEDICINE Mansh, M., Garcia, G., Lunn, M. R. 2015; 90 (5): 574-580

  Abstract

  Equality for sexual and gender minorities (SGMs)-including members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender communities-has become an integral part of the national conversation in the United States. Although SGM civil rights have expanded in recent years, these populations continue to experience unique health and health care disparities, including poor access to health care, stigmatization, and discrimination. SGM trainees and physicians also face challenges, including derogatory comments, humiliation, harassment, fear of being ostracized, and residency/job placement discrimination. These inequities are not mutually exclusive to either patients or providers; instead, they are intertwined parts of a persistent, negative culture in medicine toward SGM individuals.In this Perspective, the authors argue that SGM physicians must lead this charge for equality by fostering diversity and inclusion in medicine. They posit that academic medicine can accomplish this goal by (1) modernizing research on the physician workforce, (2) implementing new policies and programs to promote safe and supportive training and practice environments, and (3) developing recruitment practices to ensure a diverse, competent physician workforce that includes SGM individuals.These efforts will have an immediate impact by identifying and empowering new leaders to address SGM health care reform, creating diverse training environments that promote cultural competency, and aligning medicine with other professional fields (e.g., business, law) that already are working toward these goals. By tackling the inequities that SGM providers face, academic medicine can normalize sexual and gender identity disclosure and promote a welcoming, supportive environment for everyone in medicine, including patients.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000656

  View details for Web of Science ID 000353879700015

  View details for PubMedID 25650825

• Increasing incidence of acute kidney injury: also a problem in pregnancy? American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation Lunn, M. R., Obedin-Maliver, J. n., Hsu, C. Y. 2015; 65 (5): 650–54

  View details for DOI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.11.007

  View details for PubMedID 25577135

• First Annual LGBT Health Workforce Conference: Empowering Our Health Workforce to Better Serve LGBT Communities. LGBT health Sánchez, N. F., Sánchez, J. P., Lunn, M. R., Yehia, B. R., Callahan, E. J. 2014; 1 (1): 62-5

  Abstract

  The Institute of Medicine has identified significant health disparities and barriers to health care experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations. By lowering financial barriers to care, recent legislation and judicial decisions have created a remarkable opportunity for reducing disparities by making health care available to those who previously lacked access. However, the current health-care workforce lacks sufficient training on LGBT-specific health-care issues and delivery of culturally competent care to sexual orientation and gender identity minorities. The LGBT Healthcare Workforce Conference was developed to provide a yearly forum to address these deficiencies through the sharing of best practices in LGBT health-care delivery, creating LGBT-inclusive institutional environments, supporting LGBT personal and professional development, and peer-to-peer mentoring, with an emphasis on students and early career professionals in the health-care fields. This report summarizes the findings of the first annual LGBT Health Workforce Conference.

  View details for DOI 10.1089/lgbt.2013.0020

  View details for PubMedID 26789511

• Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Valganciclovir in a Subset of Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY Montoya, J. G., Kogelnik, A. M., Bhangoo, M., Lunn, M. R., Flamand, L., Merrihew, L. E., Watt, T., Kubo, J. T., Paik, J., Desai, M. 2013; 85 (12): 2101-2109

  Abstract

  There is no known treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Little is known about its pathogenesis. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been proposed as infectious triggers. Thirty CFS patients with elevated IgG antibody titers against HHV-6 and EBV were randomized 2:1 to receive valganciclovir (VGCV) or placebo for 6 months in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clinical endpoints aimed at measuring physical and mental fatigue included the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) scores, self-reported cognitive function, and physician-determined responder status. Biological endpoints included monocyte and neutrophil counts and cytokine levels. VGCV patients experienced a greater improvement by MFI-20 at 9 months from baseline compared to placebo patients but this difference was not statistically significant. However, statistically significant differences in trajectories between groups were observed in MFI-20 mental fatigue subscore (P = 0.039), FSS score (P = 0.006), and cognitive function (P = 0.025). VGCV patients experienced these improvements within the first 3 months and maintained that benefit over the remaining 9 months. Patients in the VGCV arm were 7.4 times more likely to be classified as responders (P = 0.029). In the VGCV arm, monocyte counts decreased (P < 0.001), neutrophil counts increased (P = 0.037) and cytokines were more likely to evolve towards a Th1-profile (P < 0.001). Viral IgG antibody titers did not differ between arms. VGCV may have clinical benefit in a subset of CFS patients independent of placebo effect, possibly mediated by immunomodulation and/or antiviral effect. Further investigation with longer treatment duration and a larger sample size is warranted.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/jmv.23713

  View details for PubMedID 23959519

• Prioritizing health disparities in medical education to improve care. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Awosogba, T. n., Betancourt, J. R., Conyers, F. G., Estapé, E. S., Francois, F. n., Gard, S. J., Kaufman, A. n., Lunn, M. R., Nivet, M. A., Oppenheim, J. D., Pomeroy, C. n., Yeung, H. n. 2013; 1287: 17–30

  Abstract

  Despite yearly advances in life-saving and preventive medicine, as well as strategic approaches by governmental and social agencies and groups, significant disparities remain in health, health quality, and access to health care within the United States. The determinants of these disparities include baseline health status, race and ethnicity, culture, gender identity and expression, socioeconomic status, region or geography, sexual orientation, and age. In order to renew the commitment of the medical community to address health disparities, particularly at the medical school level, we must remind ourselves of the roles of doctors and medical schools as the gatekeepers and the value setters for medicine. Within those roles are responsibilities toward the social mission of working to eliminate health disparities. This effort will require partnerships with communities as well as with academic centers to actively develop and to implement diversity and inclusion strategies. Besides improving the diversity of trainees in the pipeline, access to health care can be improved, and awareness can be raised regarding population-based health inequalities.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/nyas.12117

  View details for PubMedID 23659676

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4598316

• Small molecule screen reveals regulation of survival motor neuron protein abundance by Ras proteins. ACS chemical biology Letso, R. R., Bauer, A. J., Lunn, M. R., Yang, W. S., Stockwell, B. R. 2013; 8 (5): 914–22

  Abstract

  Small molecule modulators of protein activity have proven invaluable in the study of protein function and regulation. While inhibitors of protein activity are relatively common, small molecules that can increase protein abundance are rare. Small molecule protein upregulators with targeted activities would be of value in the study of the mechanisms underlying loss-of-function diseases. We developed a high-throughput screening approach to identify small molecule upregulators of the Survival of Motor Neuron protein (SMN), whose decreased levels cause the neurodegenerative disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). We screened 69,189 compounds for SMN upregulators and performed mechanistic studies on the most active compound, a bromobenzophenone analogue designated cuspin-1. Mechanistic studies of cuspin-1 revealed that increasing Ras signaling upregulates SMN protein abundance via an increase in translation rate. These findings suggest that controlled modulation of the Ras signaling pathway may benefit patients with SMA.

  View details for DOI 10.1021/cb300374h

  View details for PubMedID 23496866

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3665055

• Summit on medical school education in sexual health: report of an expert consultation. The journal of sexual medicine Coleman, E. n., Elders, J. n., Satcher, D. n., Shindel, A. n., Parish, S. n., Kenagy, G. n., Bayer, C. R., Knudson, G. n., Kingsberg, S. n., Clayton, A. n., Lunn, M. R., Goldsmith, E. n., Tsai, P. n., Light, A. n. 2013; 10 (4): 924–38

  Abstract

  INTRODUCTION.: Medical education in sexual health in the United States and Canada is lacking. Medical students and practicing physicians report being underprepared to adequately address their patients' sexual health needs. Recent studies have shown little instruction on sexual health in medical schools and little consensus around the type of material medical students should learn. To address and manage sexual health issues, medical students need improved education and training. AIM.: This meeting report aims to present findings from a summit on the current state of medical school education in sexual health and provides recommended strategies to better train physicians to address sexual health. METHODS.: To catalyze improvements in sexual health education in medical schools, the summit brought together key U.S. and Canadian medical school educators, sexual health educators, and other experts. Attendees reviewed and discussed relevant data and potential recommendations in plenary sessions and then developed key recommendations in smaller breakout groups. RESULTS.: Findings presented at the summit demonstrate that the United States and Canada have high rates of poor sexual health outcomes and that sexual health education in medical schools is variable and in some settings diminished. To address these issues, government, professional, and student organizations are working on efforts to promote sexual health. Several universities already have sexual health curricula in place. Evaluation mechanisms will be essential for developing and refining sexual health education. CONCLUSIONS.: To be effective, sexual health curricula need to be integrated longitudinally throughout medical training. Identifying faculty champions and supporting student efforts are strategies to increase sexual health education. Sexual health requires a multidisciplinary approach, and cross-sector interaction between various public and private entities can help facilitate change. Areas important to address include: core content and placement in the curriculum; interprofessional education and training for integrated care; evaluation mechanisms; faculty development and cooperative strategies. Initial recommendations were drafted for each.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/jsm.12142

  View details for PubMedID 23551542

• Response to valganciclovir in chronic fatigue syndrome patients with human herpesvirus 6 and Epstein-Barr virus IgG antibody titers JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY Watt, T., Oberfoell, S., Balise, R., Lunn, M. R., Kar, A. K., Merrihew, L., Bhangoo, M. S., Montoya, J. G. 2012; 84 (12): 1967-1974

  Abstract

  Valganciclovir has been reported to improve physical and cognitive symptoms in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) with elevated human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) IgG antibody titers. This study investigated whether antibody titers against HHV-6 and EBV were associated with clinical response to valganciclovir in a subset of CFS patients. An uncontrolled, unblinded retrospective chart review was performed on 61 CFS patients treated with 900 mg valganciclovir daily (55 of whom took an induction dose of 1,800 mg daily for the first 3 weeks). Antibody titers were considered high if HHV-6 IgG ≥ 1:320, EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG ≥ 1:640, and EBV early antigen (EA) IgG ≥ 1:160. Patients self-rated physical and cognitive functioning as a percentage of their functioning prior to illness. Patients were categorized as responders if they experienced at least 30% improvement in physical and/or cognitive functioning. Thirty-two patients (52%) were categorized as responders. Among these, 19 patients (59%) responded physically and 26 patients (81%) responded cognitively. Baseline antibody titers showed no significant association with response. After treatment, the average change in physical and cognitive functioning levels for all patients was +19% and +23%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Longer treatment was associated with improved response (P = 0.0002). No significant difference was found between responders and non-responders among other variables analyzed. Valganciclovir treatment, independent of the baseline antibody titers, was associated with self-rated improvement in physical and cognitive functioning for CFS patients who had positive HHV-6 and/or EBV serologies. Longer valganciclovir treatment correlated with an improved response.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/jmv.23411

  View details for PubMedID 23080504

• Antiviral therapy of two patients with chromosomally-integrated human herpesvirus-6A presenting with cognitive dysfunction JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY Montoya, J. G., Neely, M. N., Gupta, S., Lunn, M. R., Loomis, K. S., Pritchett, J. C., Polsky, B., Medveczky, P. G. 2012; 55 (1): 40-45

  Abstract

  Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a neurotropic virus implicated in central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, multiple sclerosis, seizures and encephalitis. Inherited or "chromosomally integrated" HHV-6 (CIHHV-6) is a condition characterized by high DNA loads and germ line transmission of HHV-6 genomes, which are integrated into the telomere.We previously reported that integrated HHV-6 can be reactivated by trichostatin A in vitro. Therefore, we hypothesized that a broad array of neurological symptoms of CIHHV-6 patients may respond to antiviral drug treatment.The patients have been treated with antiviral drugs and monitored for viral load, late mRNA, and clinical improvement.Antiviral therapy of two CIHHV patients resulted in successful clinical resolution. However, both patients relapsed on multiple occasions within 4-6 months of cessation of antiviral therapy.Successful antiviral drug treatment suggests that clinical symptoms of these patients were due to symptomatic reactivation of CIHHV-6. Alternatively, some CIHHV-6 patients may have a reduced resistance to community-acquired HHV-6 strains due to tolerance leading to persistent infections.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.05.016

  View details for PubMedID 22770640

• Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender-Related Content in Undergraduate Medical Education JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Obedin-Maliver, J., Goldsmith, E. S., Stewart, L., White, W., Tran, E., Brenman, S., Wells, M., Fetterman, D. M., Garcia, G., Lunn, M. R. 2011; 306 (9): 971-977

  Abstract

  Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals experience health and health care disparities and have specific health care needs. Medical education organizations have called for LGBT-sensitive training, but how and to what extent schools educate students to deliver comprehensive LGBT patient care is unknown.To characterize LGBT-related medical curricula and associated curricular development practices and to determine deans' assessments of their institutions' LGBT-related curricular content.Deans of medical education (or equivalent) at 176 allopathic or osteopathic medical schools in Canada and the United States were surveyed to complete a 13-question, Web-based questionnaire between May 2009 and March 2010.Reported hours of LGBT-related curricular content.Of 176 schools, 150 (85.2%) responded, and 132 (75.0%) fully completed the questionnaire. The median reported time dedicated to teaching LGBT-related content in the entire curriculum was 5 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 3-8 hours). Of the 132 respondents, 9 (6.8%; 95% CI, 2.5%-11.1%) reported 0 hours taught during preclinical years and 44 (33.3%; 95% CI, 25.3%-41.4%) reported 0 hours during clinical years. Median US allopathic clinical hours were significantly different from US osteopathic clinical hours (2 hours [IQR, 0-4 hours] vs 0 hours [IQR, 0-2 hours]; P = .008). Although 128 of the schools (97.0%; 95% CI, 94.0%-99.9%) taught students to ask patients if they "have sex with men, women, or both" when obtaining a sexual history, the reported teaching frequency of 16 LGBT-specific topic areas in the required curriculum was lower: at least 8 topics at 83 schools (62.9%; 95% CI, 54.6%-71.1%) and all topics at 11 schools (8.3%; 95% CI, 3.6%-13.0%). The institutions' LGBT content was rated as "fair" at 58 schools (43.9%; 95% CI, 35.5%-52.4%). Suggested successful strategies to increase content included curricular material focusing on LGBT-related health and health disparities at 77 schools (58.3%, 95% CI, 49.9%-66.7%) and faculty willing and able to teach LGBT-related curricular content at 67 schools (50.8%, 95% CI, 42.2%-59.3%).The median reported time dedicated to LGBT-related topics in 2009-2010 was small across US and Canadian medical schools, but the quantity, content covered, and perceived quality of instruction varied substantially.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000294542600015

  View details for PubMedID 21900137

• Prioritizing health disparities in medical education to improve care. Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges Lunn, M. R., Sánchez, J. P. 2011; 86 (11): 1343

  View details for DOI 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182308e26

  View details for PubMedID 22030642

• Hyperparathyroidism with hypercalcaemia in chronic kidney disease: primary or tertiary? NDT plus Lunn, M. R., Muñoz Mendoza, J., Pasche, L. J., Norton, J. A., Ayco, A. L., Chertow, G. M. 2010; 3 (4): 366-371

  Abstract

  Objective . This study aims to highlight the challenges in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods . In this report, we describe a middle-aged Filipino gentleman with underlying CKD who presented with intractable nausea, vomiting, severe and medically refractory hypercalcaemia and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations in excess of 2400 pg/mL. The underlying pathophysiology as well as the aetiologies and current relevant literature are discussed. We also suggest an appropriate diagnostic approach to identify and promptly treat patients with CKD, HPT and hypercalcaemia. Results . Evaluation confirmed the presence of a large parathyroid adenoma; HPT and hypercalcaemia resolved rapidly following resection. Conclusion . This case report is remarkable for its severe hypercalcaemia requiring haemodialysis, large adenoma size, acute-on-chronic kidney injury and markedly elevated PTH concentration in association with primary HPT in CKD.

  View details for DOI 10.1093/ndtplus/sfq077

  View details for PubMedID 25949433

• Spinal muscular atrophy: advances in research and consensus on care of patients. Current treatment options in neurology Wang, C. H., Lunn, M. R. 2008; 10 (6): 420-428

  Abstract

  Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by degeneration of spinal cord motor neurons and muscular atrophy. Advances in recent research have led to understanding of the molecular genetics of SMA. Therapeutic strategies have been developed according to the unique genomic structure of the SMN genes. Three groups of compounds have been identified as therapeutic candidates. One group was identified before the molecular genetics of SMA was understood, chosen on the basis of their effectiveness in similar neurologic disorders. The second group was identified based on their ability to modify SMN2 gene expression. Several of these agents are currently in clinical trials. A third group, identified by large-scale drug screening, is still under preclinical investigation. In addition, other advances in medical technology have led to the publication of a consensus statement regarding the care of SMA patients.

  View details for PubMedID 18990310

• Spinal muscular atrophy LANCET Lunn, M. R., Wang, C. H. 2008; 371 (9630): 2120-2133

  Abstract

  Spinal muscular atrophy is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease characterised by degeneration of spinal cord motor neurons, atrophy of skeletal muscles, and generalised weakness. It is caused by homozygous disruption of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene by deletion, conversion, or mutation. Although no medical treatment is available, investigations have elucidated possible mechanisms underlying the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. Treatment strategies have been developed to use the unique genomic structure of the SMN1 gene region. Several candidate treatment agents have been identified and are in various stages of development. These and other advances in medical technology have changed the standard of care for patients with spinal muscular atrophy. In this Seminar, we provide a comprehensive review that integrates clinical manifestations, molecular pathogenesis, diagnostic strategy, therapeutic development, and evidence from clinical trials.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000256932200032

  View details for PubMedID 18572081

• Chemical genetics and orphan genetic diseases. Chemistry & biology Lunn, M. R., Stockwell, B. R. 2005; 12 (10): 1063–73

  Abstract

  Many orphan diseases have been identified that individually affect small numbers of patients but cumulatively affect approximately 6%-10% of the European and United States populations. Human genetics has become increasingly effective at identifying genetic defects underlying such orphan genetic diseases, but little progress has been made toward understanding the causal molecular pathologies and creating targeted therapies. Chemical genetics, positioned at the interface of chemistry and genetics, can be used for elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying diseases and for drug discovery. This review discusses recent advances in chemical genetics and how small-molecule tools can be used to study and ultimately treat orphan genetic diseases. We focus here on a case study involving spinal muscular atrophy, a pediatric neurodegenerative disease caused by homozygous deletion of the SMN1 (survival of motor neuron 1) gene.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.chembiol.2005.09.005

  View details for PubMedID 16242649

• A flexible data analysis tool for chemical genetic screens. Chemistry & biology Kelley, B. P., Lunn, M. R., Root, D. E., Flaherty, S. P., Martino, A. M., Stockwell, B. R. 2004; 11 (11): 1495–1503

  Abstract

  High-throughput assays generate immense quantities of data that require sophisticated data analysis tools. We have created a freely available software tool, SLIMS (Small Laboratory Information Management System), for chemical genetics which facilitates the collection and analysis of large-scale chemical screening data. Compound structures, physical locations, and raw data can be loaded into SLIMS. Raw data from high-throughput assays are normalized using flexible analysis protocols, and systematic spatial errors are automatically identified and corrected. Various computational analyses are performed on tested compounds, and dilution-series data are processed using standard or user-defined algorithms. Finally, published literature associated with active compounds is automatically retrieved from Medline and processed to yield potential mechanisms of actions. SLIMS provides a framework for analyzing high-throughput assay data both as a laboratory information management system and as a platform for experimental analysis.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.08.026

  View details for PubMedID 15556000

• Indoprofen upregulates the survival motor neuron protein through a cyclooxygenase-independent mechanism. Chemistry & biology Lunn, M. R., Root, D. E., Martino, A. M., Flaherty, S. P., Kelley, B. P., Coovert, D. D., Burghes, A. H., Man, N. T., Morris, G. E., Zhou, J. n., Androphy, E. J., Sumner, C. J., Stockwell, B. R. 2004; 11 (11): 1489–93

  Abstract

  Most patients with the pediatric neurodegenerative disease spinal muscular atrophy have a homozygous deletion of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, but retain one or more copies of the closely related SMN2 gene. The SMN2 gene encodes the same protein (SMN) but produces it at a low efficiency compared with the SMN1 gene. We performed a high-throughput screen of approximately 47,000 compounds to identify those that increase production of an SMN2-luciferase reporter protein, but not an SMN1-luciferase reporter protein. Indoprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, selectively increased SMN2-luciferase reporter protein and endogenous SMN protein and caused a 5-fold increase in the number of nuclear gems in fibroblasts from SMA patients. No other NSAIDs or COX inhibitors tested exhibited this activity.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.08.024

  View details for PubMedID 15555999

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3160629