Mahaveer Prasad Purohit

All Publications

• Acoustomechanically activatable liposomes for ultrasonic drug uncaging. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology Purohit, M. P., Roy, K. S., Xiang, Y., Yu, B. J., Azadian, M. M., Muwanga, G., Hart, A. R., Taoube, A. K., Lopez, D. G., Airan, R. D. 2023

  Abstract

  Ultrasound-activatable drug-loaded nanocarriers enable noninvasive and spatiotemporally-precise on-demand drug delivery throughout the body. However, most systems for ultrasonic drug uncaging utilize cavitation or heating as the drug release mechanism and often incorporate relatively exotic excipients into the formulation that together limit the drug-loading potential, stability, and clinical translatability and applicability of these systems. Here we describe an alternate strategy for the design of such systems in which the acoustic impedance and osmolarity of the internal liquid phase of a drug-loaded particle is tuned to maximize ultrasound-induced drug release. No gas phase, cavitation, or medium heating is necessary for the drug release mechanism. Instead, a non-cavitation-based mechanical response to ultrasound mediates the drug release. Importantly, this strategy can be implemented with relatively common pharmaceutical excipients, as we demonstrate here by implementing this mechanism with the inclusion of a few percent sucrose into the internal buffer of a liposome. Further, the ultrasound protocols sufficient for in vivo drug uncaging with this system are achievable with current clinical therapeutic ultrasound systems and with intensities that are within FDA and society guidelines for safe transcranial ultrasound application. Finally, this current implementation of this mechanism should be versatile and effective for the loading and uncaging of any therapeutic that may be loaded into a liposome, as we demonstrate for four different drugs in vitro, and two in vivo. These acoustomechanically activatable liposomes formulated with common pharmaceutical excipients promise a system with high clinical translational potential for ultrasonic drug uncaging of myriad drugs of clinical interest.

  View details for DOI 10.1101/2023.10.23.563690

  View details for PubMedID 37961368

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC10634775

• Heparin Biofunctionalized Selenium Nanoparticles as Potential Antiangiogenic-Chemotherapeutic Agents for Targeted Doxorubicin Delivery ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Purohit, M. P., Kar, A. K., Kumari, M., Ghosh, D., Patnaik, S. 2023: 19904-19920

  Abstract

  Combining antiangiogenic and chemotherapeutic agents has shown promising clinical benefits in cancer cures when the therapeutic intervention takes into account the tissue and molecular targets. Moreover, the risk of induced drug resistance is minimized when multiple pathways are involved in the treatment regimen, yielding a better therapeutic outcome. Nanodrug delivery systems have proven to be a prudent approach to treating complex disease pathologies. As such, combining antiangiogenic and chemotherapeutic drugs within multimodal nanocarriers synergistically augments the clinical efficiency of the drugs. This study reports the combinatorial efficacy of heparin (Hep), selenium NPs (SeNPs), and doxorubicin (Dox) to inhibit tumor growth and progression. Both Se@Hep-NPs and Se@Hep-Dox-NPs with excellent water dispersity having a size and charge in the range of 250 ± 5 and 253 ± 5 nm and -53 ± 0.4 and -48.4 ± 6.4 mV, respectively, showed strong anticancer potential assessed through in vitro assays like cell viability, specificity, colony formation, and wound scratch in MCF7 cells. Strong synergistic interactions among SeNPs, Hep, and Dox in Se@Hep-Dox-NPs render it to be an antiangiogenic and proapoptotic cancer cell death inducers. In vivo imaging highlights the dual-mode attributes of Se@Hep-NPs with desirable passive tumor targeting and biomedical imaging ability when tagged with Cy7.5, while Se@Hep-Dox-NPs significantly reduce the tumor burden and prolong the longevity of subcutaneous EAC-bearing mice. Histopathology studies reveal no signs of toxicity in major organs. Collectively, these results qualify Se@Hep-Dox-NPs as a plausible clinical therapeutic candidate.

  View details for DOI 10.1021/acsami.3c00219

  View details for Web of Science ID 000979886800001

  View details for PubMedID 37046174

• Inhibition of Thioredoxin Reductase by Targeted Selenopolymeric Nanocarriers Synergizes the Therapeutic Efficacy of Doxorubicin in MCF7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. ACS applied materials & interfaces Purohit, M. P., Verma, N. K., Kar, A. K., Singh, A., Ghosh, D., Patnaik, S. 2017; 9 (42): 36493-36512

  Abstract

  Increasing evidence suggests selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) as potential cancer therapeutic agents and emerging drug delivery carriers, yet, the molecular mechanism of their anticancer activity still remains unclear. Recent studies indicate thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), a selenoenzyme, as a promising target for anticancer therapy. The present study explored the TrxR inhibition efficacy of Se NPs as a plausible factor impeding tumor growth. Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized selenopolymeric nanocarriers (Se@CMHA NPs) were designed wielding chemotherapeutic potential for target specific Doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. Se@CMHA nanocarriers are thoroughly characterized asserting their chemical and physical integrity and possess prolonged stability. DOX-loaded selenopolymeric nanocarriers (Se@CMHA-DOX NPs) exhibited enhanced cytotoxic potential toward human cancer cells compared to free DOX in an equivalent concentration eliciting its selectivity. In first-of-its-kind findings, selenium as Se NPs in these polymeric carriers progressively inhibit TrxR activity, further augmenting the anticancer efficacy of DOX through a synergistic interplay between DOX and Se NPs. Detailed molecular studies on MCF7 cells also established that upon exposure to Se@CMHA-DOX NPs, MCF7 cells endure G2/M cell cycle arrest and p53-mediated caspase-independent apoptosis. To gauge the relevance of the developed nanosystem in in vivo settings, three-dimensional tumor sphere model mimicking the overall tumor environment was also performed, and the results clearly depict the effectiveness of our nanocarriers in reducing tumor activity. These findings are reminiscent of the fact that our Se@CMHA-DOX NPs could be a viable modality for effective cancer chemotherapy.

  View details for DOI 10.1021/acsami.7b07056

  View details for PubMedID 28945070

• SELECTIVELY ACTIVATING THE AFFECTIVE EFFICACY OF KETAMINE VIA REGIONALLY-TARGETED NONINVASIVE ULTRASONIC DRUG UNCAGING Yu, B., Roy, K., Ewbank, S., Purohit, M., Azadian, M., Xiang, Y., Wang, J., Airan, R. SPRINGERNATURE. 2024: 411-412

  View details for Web of Science ID 001407851100297

• Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics Dissociation Indicative of Ketamine-Induced Plasticity as Revealed by Ultrasonic Ketamine Uncaging in Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex Yu, B., Roy, K., Purohit, M., Xiang, Y., Azadian, M., Taoube, A., Kwan, A., Lopez, D., Airan, R. SPRINGERNATURE. 2023: 277-278

  View details for Web of Science ID 001126640300117

• Using Passively Detected Acoustic Signals to Characterize Ultrasound Gated Nanoparticles Singh, A., Xiang, Y., Sigona, M., Purohit, M., Hart, A., Hosseini-Nassab, N., Airan, R., Caskey, C., IEEE IEEE. 2021

  View details for DOI 10.1109/IUS52206.2021.9593854

  View details for Web of Science ID 000832095000497

• Advances in controlled release pesticide formulations: Prospects to safer integrated pest management and sustainable agriculture. Journal of hazardous materials Singh, A., Dhiman, N., Kar, A. K., Singh, D., Purohit, M. P., Ghosh, D., Patnaik, S. 2020; 385: 121525

  Abstract

  As the world is striving hard towards sustainable agricultural practices for a better tomorrow, one of the primary focuses is on effective pest management for enhanced crop productivity. Despite newer and potent chemicals as pesticides, there are still substantial crop losses, and if by any means this loss can be tackled; it will alleviate unwanted excessive use of chemical pesticides. Scientific surveys have already established that pesticides are not being utilized by the crops completely rather a significant amount remains unused due to various limiting factors such as leaching and bioconversion, etc., resulting in an adverse effect on human health and ecosystems. Concerted efforts from scientific diaspora toward newer and innovative strategies are already showing promise, and one such viable approach is controlled release systems (CRS) of pesticides. Moreover, to bring these smart formulations within the domain of current pesticide regulatory framework is still under debate. It is thus, paramount to discuss the pros and cons of this new technology vis-à-vis the conventional agrarian methods. This review deliberates on the developmental updates in this innovative field from the past decades and also appraises the challenges encumbered. Additionally, critical information and the foreseeable research gaps in this emerging area are highlighted.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121525

  View details for PubMedID 31740313

• Polymer-Assisted In Situ Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Impregnated Wound Patch Potentiate Controlled Inflammatory Responses for Brisk Wound Healing. International journal of nanomedicine Kar, A. K., Singh, A., Dhiman, N., Purohit, M. P., Jagdale, P., Kamthan, M., Singh, D., Kumar, M., Ghosh, D., Patnaik, S. 2019; 14: 9837-9854

  Abstract

  An ideal wound dressing material needs to be predisposed with desirable attributes like anti-infective effect, skin hydration balance, adequate porosity and elasticity, high mechanical strength, low wound surface adherence, and enhanced tissue regeneration capability. In this work, we have synthesized hydrogel-based wound patches having antibacterial silver nanoparticles and antioxidant epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and showed fast wound closure through their synergistic interaction without any inherent toxicity.Wound patches were synthesized from modified guar gum polymer and assessed to determine accelerated wound healing. The modified polymer beget chemical-free in-situ synthesis of monodispersed silver NPs (~12 nm), an antimicrobial agent, besides lending ionic surface charges. EGCG impregnated during ionotropic gelation process amplified the efficacy of wound patches that possess apt tensile strength, porosity, and swellability for absorbing wound exudates. Further, in vitro studies endorsed them as non-cytotoxic and the post agent effect following exposure to the patch showed an unbiased response to E coli K12 and B. subtilis. In vivo study using sub-cutaneous wounds in Wistar rats validated its accelerated healing properties when compared to a commercially available wound dressing material (skin graft; Neuskin-F®) through better wound contraction, promoted collagen deposition and enhanced vascularization of wound region by modulating growth factors and inflammatory cytokines.Synthesized wound patches showed all the desired attributes of a clinically effective dressing material and the results were validated in various in vitro and in vivo assays.

  View details for DOI 10.2147/IJN.S228462

  View details for PubMedID 31849472

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6913939

• Pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization enhances the anti-cancer efficacy of self-assembled galactomannan nanoparticles entrapped with hydrazinocurcumin. Drug delivery and translational research Kumari, M., Purohit, M. P., Pahuja, R., Patnaik, S., Shukla, Y., Kumar, P., Gupta, K. C. 2019; 9 (6): 1159-1188

  Abstract

  Galactomannan (GM), a natural polymer, is recognized to specifically target macrophage mannose receptors (CD206). Interestingly, some reports indicate that GM has an ability to induce pro-inflammatory (M1-like, tumericidal) polarization in macrophages, suggesting its potential use as an anti-cancer agent. Hydrazinocurcumin (HC), a pyrazole derivative of curcumin, is reported to possess increased anti-cancer efficacy over curcumin. Moreover, HC-encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs) have been reported to re-polarize tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from anti-inflammatory (M2-like, tumor-promoting) to pro-inflammatory phenotype. To club the therapeutic properties of both GM and HC, we synthesized self-assembled amphiphilic PEGylated GM NPs loaded with HC (PSGM-HCNPs) and evaluated their potential to re-polarize TAMs towards M1-like phenotype. PSGM-HCNPs re-polarized IL-4 polarized RAW 264.7 cells via a phenotypic switch from M2- to M1-like by elevating ROS level, decreasing CD206 and arginase-1 expressions and increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines' secretion. Conditioned medium (CM) taken from re-polarized RAW 264.7 cells containing residual PSGM-HCNPs elevated ROS, arrested cell cycle, and induced apoptosis in 4T1, breast cancer cells, and Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. Decreased levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and Bcl-2 with increased levels of Bax in both 4T1 and EAC cells indicated anti-metastatic and apoptosis-inducing potential of the CM. Treatment of PSGM-HCNPs in EAC-bearing mice reduced tumor burden, increased their survival time, decreased CD206+F4/80+ cells, and increased TNF-α+F4/80+ cells signifying decrease in M2- and increase in M1-like skewness among ascitic TAMs.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s13346-019-00661-y

  View details for PubMedID 31440985

• Accelerated and scarless wound repair by a multicomponent hydrogel through simultaneous activation of multiple pathways. Drug delivery and translational research Bhattacharya, D., Tiwari, R., Bhatia, T., Purohit, M. P., Pal, A., Jagdale, P., Mudiam, M. K., Chaudhari, B. P., Shukla, Y., Ansari, K. M., Kumar, A., Kumar, P., Srivastava, V., Gupta, K. C. 2019; 9 (6): 1143-1158

  Abstract

  Scarless healing of injury remains a clinical challenge because of its complicated and overlapping phases of inflammation, clearing, and regeneration. Curcumin has been already established as a potential wound healing agent for normal and diabetic-impaired wounds. Herein, the question has been addressed whether a well-known antioxidant cerium oxide nanoparticle (CNP) can potentiate the activity of curcumin to promote a cellular program for scarless healing. In this study, we have developed a biocompatible poly (acrylamide) hydrogel (PAGE)-based dressing material comprising of CNP and curcumin (ACC) and tested its wound healing activity in an animal model of acute wound. Characterization of the CNP- and curcumin-entrapped hydrogel dressing (ACC) demonstrated high loading efficiency and sustained release of curcumin. In a full-thickness acute wound healing model of rat, a single application of ACC dressing demonstrated higher wound healing efficacy (78%) and negligible scarring compared to dressings containing only curcumin or CNP in 7 days. Enhanced cell proliferation, higher collagen content, advanced wound maturity, re-epithelialization, and granulation tissue formation were observed using the combination of curcumin and CNP (ACC). Study of cellular mechanisms identified MCP-1 and TGF-β as the key drivers of differential and accelerated healing observed in the ACC group. These, coupled with the upregulation of growth-related signaling pathways (HER2/ErbB2, TGF-β-Smad2/3, MAPK/ERK, AKT, and VEGF), promoted almost scarless healing in animals treated with ACC. The optimized combination of curcumin and CNP used in our study shows distinct advantage and can be a better agent for complete wound healing.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s13346-019-00660-z

  View details for PubMedID 31317345

• Curcumin loaded selenium nanoparticles synergize the anticancer potential of doxorubicin contained in self-assembled, cell receptor targeted nanoparticles. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V Kumari, M., Purohit, M. P., Patnaik, S., Shukla, Y., Kumar, P., Gupta, K. C. 2018; 130: 185-199

  Abstract

  Doxorubicin (DOX) has been extensively used to treat a wide range of cancers in free and nanotized form. Nanotization of DOX has alleviated its toxicity and efflux-mediated resistance. However, frequent upregulation of anti-apoptotic pathways, chemotherapy-enhanced inflammation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), present additional aspects of cellular DOX résistance. Nanoparticle-mediated combination therapy of DOX with additional anticancer agents is expected to offer greater therapeutic benefit by alleviating the overall drug résistance. We synthesized CD44-targeted DOX loaded nanoparticles (PSHA-DOXNPs) and evaluated their anticancer efficacy in combination with curcumin loaded selenium nanoparticles (Se-Cur NPs), previously developed by our group (Kumari et al., 2017). Combination of these nanoparticles (NPs) increased ROS level, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCT116 cells. This combination decreased the expressions of NFκB, Phospho-NFκB, EMT-metastasis-associated proteins (Snail, Vimentin, N-cadherin, CD44, MMP-2 and MMP-9), autophagy-associated proteins (Beclin-1 and LC-3BII), as well as anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, increased the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, and increased cyt c release, which indicated decrease in inflammation, metastasis, and autophagy with increase in apoptosis. Moreover, the combination of NPs decreased tumor burden and increased survival of Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.06.030

  View details for PubMedID 29969665

• Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Induces Microglial Death by NADPH-Oxidase-Independent Reactive Oxygen Species as well as Energy Depletion. Molecular neurobiology Sharma, A. K., Singh, V., Gera, R., Purohit, M. P., Ghosh, D. 2017; 54 (8): 6273-6286

  Abstract

  Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP) is one of the most widely used engineered nanoparticles. Upon exposure, nanoparticle can eventually reach the brain through various routes, interact with different brain cells, and alter their activity. Microglia is the fastest glial cell to respond to any toxic insult. Nanoparticle exposure can activate microglia and induce neuroinflammation. Simultaneous to activation, microglial death can exacerbate the scenario. Therefore, we focused on studying the effect of ZnO-NP on microglia and finding out the pathway involved in the microglial death. The present study showed that the 24 h inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of ZnO-NP for microglia is 6.6 μg/ml. Early events following ZnO-NP exposure involved increase in intracellular calcium level as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Neither of NADPH oxidase inhibitors, apocynin, (APO) and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPIC) were able to reduce the ROS level and rescue microglia from ZnO-NP toxicity. In contrary, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) showed opposite effect. Exogenous supplementation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) reduced ROS significantly even beyond control level but partially rescued microglial viability. Interestingly, pyruvate supplementation rescued microglia near to control level. Following 10 h of ZnO-NP exposure, intracellular ATP level was measured to be almost 50 % to the control. ZnO-NP-induced ROS as well as ATP depletion both disturbed mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequently triggered the apoptotic pathway. The level of apoptosis-inducing proteins was measured by western blot analysis and found to be upregulated. Taken together, we have deciphered that ZnO-NP induced microglial apoptosis by NADPH oxidase-independent ROS as well as ATP depletion.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s12035-016-0133-7

  View details for PubMedID 27714634

• Fluorometric Estimation of Glutathione in Cultured Microglial Cell Lysate. Bio-protocol Singh, V., Gera, R., Prasad Purohit, M., Patnaik, S., Ghosh, D. 2017; 7 (11): e2304

  Abstract

  Glutathione is one of the major antioxidant defense components present in cells. It is predominantly present as reduced glutathione (GSH) and converted into oxidized glutathione (GSSG) while reducing the free radicals like hydroxyl ions (OH-). For the measurement of GSH and GSSG, o-phthalaldehyde (OPT) has been used as a fluorescent reagent. O-phthalaldehyde has an ability to react specifically with GSH at pH 8 and GSSG at pH 12 respectively. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) has been used to prevent auto-oxidation of GSH during measurement of GSSG in the present protocol. The original protocol by Hissin and Hilf was developed for glutathione estimation in Rat liver tissue. The present protocol has been standardized following Hissin and Hilf (1976) for the estimation of glutathione in cultured microglial cell lysate but it can also be used for other mammalian cell lysate. In our lab same protocol has been used for the estimation of glutathione in the whole cell lysate of murine neuroblastoma cell, N2a.

  View details for DOI 10.21769/BioProtoc.2304

  View details for PubMedID 34541073

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC8410381

• Targeted Smart pH and Thermoresponsive N,O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Conjugated Nanogels for Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy of Doxorubicin in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Bioconjugate chemistry Verma, N. K., Purohit, M. P., Equbal, D., Dhiman, N., Singh, A., Kar, A. K., Shankar, J., Tehlan, S., Patnaik, S. 2016; 27 (11): 2605-2619

  Abstract

  In cancer treatment, developing ideal anticancer drug delivery systems to target tumor microenvironment by circumventing various physiological barriers still remains a daunting challenge. Here, in our work, a series of pH- and temperature-responsive nanogels based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-1-propene-2-3-dicarboxylate-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate [poly(NIPAAm-IA-AMPS)] cross-linked by ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) were synthesized by random copolymerization. The molar ratio between monomer-comonomers-cross-linker was varied to fine-tune the optimum responsiveness of the nanogels. These optimized nanogels were further coupled to N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) stoichiometrically using EDC-NHS coupling chemistry to enhance the swelling behavior at lower pH. Interestingly, these NOCC-g-nanogels, when dispersed in aqueous media under sonication, attain nanosize and retain their high water-retention capacity with conspicuous pH and temperature responsiveness (viz. nanogel shrinkage in size beyond 35 °C and swelled at acidic pH) in vitro, as reflected by dynamic light scattering data. Doxorubicin (DOX), a potent anticancer drug, was loaded into these nanogels using the physical entrapment method. These drug-loaded nanogels exhibited a slow and sustained DOX release profile at physiological temperature and cytosolic pH. Furthermore, confocal and TEM results demonstrate that these nanogels were swiftly internalized by MCF-7 cells, and cell viability data showed preferential heightened cytotoxicity toward cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB231) compared to the MCF10A cells (human breast epithelial cell). Furthermore, intracellular DNA damage and cell cycle arrest assays suggest a mitochondrial mediated apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. This study substantiates our NOCC-g-nanogel platform as an excellent modality for passive diffusive loading and targeted release of entrapped drug(s) at physiological conditions in a controlled way for the improved therapeutic efficacy of the drug in anticancer treatment.

  View details for DOI 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00366

  View details for PubMedID 27643823

• General Reagent Free Route to pH Responsive Polyacryloyl Hydrazide Capped Metal Nanogels for Synergistic Anticancer Therapeutics. ACS applied materials & interfaces Ujjwal, R. R., Purohit, M. P., Patnaik, S., Ojha, U. 2015; 7 (21): 11497-507

  Abstract

  Herewith, we report a facile synthesis of pH responsive polyacryloyl hydrazide (PAH) capped silver (Ag) or gold (Au) nanogels for anticancer therapeutic applications. A cost-effective instant synthesis of PAH-Ag or PAH-Au nanoparticles (NPs) possessing controllable particle diameter and narrow size distribution was accomplished by adding AgNO3 or AuCl to the aqueous solution of PAH under ambient conditions without using any additional reagent. PAH possessing carbonyl hydrazide pendant functionality served as both reducing and capping agent to produce and stabilize the NPs. The stability analysis by UV-vis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy techniques suggested that these NPs may be stored in a refrigerator for at least up to 2 weeks with negligible change in conformation. The average hydrodynamic size of PAH-Ag NPs synthesized using 0.2 mmol/L AgNO3 changed from 122 to 226 nm on changing the pH of the medium from 5.4 to 7.4, which is a characteristic property of pH responsive nanogel. Camptothecin (CPT) with adequate loading efficiency (6.3%) was encapsulated in the PAH-Ag nanogels. Under pH 5.4 conditions, these nanogels released 78% of the originally loaded CPT over a period of 70 h. The antiproliferative potential of PAH-Ag-CPT nanogels (at [CPT]=0.6 μg/mL) against MCF-7 breast adeno-carcinoma cells were ∼350% higher compared to that of the free CPT as evidenced by high cellular internalization of these nanogels. Induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 breast adeno-carcinoma cells by PAH-Ag-CPT nanogels was evidenced by accumulation of late apoptotic cell population. Drug along with the PAH-Ag NPs were also encapsulated in a pH responsive hydrogel through in situ gelation at room temperature using acrylic acid as the cross-linker. The resulting hydrogel released quantitative amounts of both drug and PAH-Ag NPs over a period of 16 h. The simplicity of synthesis and ease of drug loading with efficient release render these NPs a viable candidate for various biomedical applications, and moreover this synthetic procedure may be extended to other metal NPs.

  View details for DOI 10.1021/acsami.5b02452

  View details for PubMedID 25961335