Niki Menon
Soc Science Rsch Asst 2, Psych/General Psychiatry and Psychology (Adult)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6443-1561Links
Professional Affiliations and Activities
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Abstract Review Committee (ARC) for the 2022 International Conference on Physician Health™, American Medical Association, Mayo Clinic, Stanford University (2022 - 2022)
All Publications
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Empirical Assessment of Well-Being: The Stanford Model of Occupational Well-Being
ACADEMIC MEDICINE
2025; 100 (8): 960-967
Abstract
The Stanford Model of Occupational Well-Being (Stanford Model) hypothesizes that occupational well-being is driven by 3 reciprocally related domains: workplace efficiency, culture of wellness, and individual factors. The current analysis assesses the key elements of this model with cross-sectional empirical data.In fall 2020 and spring 2022, well-being surveys were distributed to all Stanford School of Medicine clinical faculty working at 50% or more of full-time equivalent. A total of 1,909 clinical faculty were invited to complete the 2020 survey and 2,251 to complete the 2022 survey. The survey assessed burnout and professional fulfillment, along with 9 hypothesized determinants, as occupational well-being outcome indicators. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine whether these determinants grouped well into the 3 domains described by the model. Domain scores were created based on factor analysis groupings of the scores for the determinants in each domain.Of 1,909 clinical faculty invited to complete the 2020 survey, 1,479 (78%) participated. Of the 2,251 clinical faculty invited in 2022, 1,552 (69%) participated. The associations of the 3 domain scores with burnout and professional fulfillment were moderate for workplace efficiency ( r = 0.42-0.49; P < .001) and large for culture of wellness ( r = 0.51-0.63; P < .001) and individual factors ( r = 0.52-0.72; P < .001). Domain scores accounted for 45% and 50% of the variance in professional fulfillment and 56% and 58% of variance in burnout in 2020 and 2022 data, respectively.These results provide empirical evidence to support a widely adopted conceptual model of occupational well-being, including categorization of the hypothesized determinants of well-being into 3 domains, correlations among the domains, and association of the domain scores with burnout and professional fulfillment. Further research is needed to test causal relationships hypothesized by the model.
View details for DOI 10.1097/ACM.0000000000006025
View details for Web of Science ID 001542313600008
View details for PubMedID 40085426
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC12321342
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Implementation of an Organization-Based Couples Health Promotion Program to Improve Physician Well-Being.
JAMA network open
2025; 8 (4): e253218
Abstract
Physicians work long, often unpredictable hours and experience multiple work-related stressors, which may adversely affect their personal relationships.To assess the associations of a couples' workshop for physicians and their partners with burnout, self-valuation, and impact of work on personal relationships (IWPR).In this cohort study, participants were grouped into an immediate intervention group and a delayed intervention control group, which were later compared. The participants in the intervention group gathered at a resort near Stanford University in October 2022, whereas the participants in the control group were invited to participate in a May 2023 workshop. Invited participants included Stanford Medicine physicians and their partners. Eligible physicians worked in a department or division considered frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic or had unfavorable IWPR scores on an institution-wide survey. The data were analyzed from June 14, 2024, to October 1, 2024.The intervention group participated in a 2-day workshop for couples and were offered 3 evening sessions. All sessions emphasized positive psychology principles and incorporated didactic, reflection, and unstructured content focused on strengthening relationships.The main outcome was IWPR score, measured at baseline (immediately preceding the workshop for the intervention group and at registration for the control group) and 6 months later. IWPR was measured with a survey asking 4 questions about how work had affected personal relationships during the past year, and the responses included not at all true, somewhat true, moderately true, very true, and completely true (with scores assigned as 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). Other outcome measures included burnout and self-valuation (with a lower score being favorable for burnout and a higher score being favorable for self-valuation).Of 47 intervention group participants and 69 control group participants, 22 (46.8%) and 40 (57.9%), respectively, were women (P = .32). Paired assessments (at baseline and 6 months) were completed by 38 of 47 (80.9%) physicians in the intervention group and 53 of 69 (76.8%) in the control group. Between baseline and 6-month follow-up, participants in the intervention group showed a mean (SD) improvement of 1.59 (2.66) points (Cohen d = 0.54 [95% CI, 0.23-0.85]; P < .001) in IWPR, 1.22 (1.47) points (Cohen d = 0.68 [95% CI, 0.39-0.98]; P < .001) in burnout, and -1.25 points (2.09) (Cohen d = 0.68 [95% CI, -0.97 to -0.25]; P < .001) in self-valuation. Statistically significant changes in these measures were not observed in the control participants. In mixed-effects modeling comparing the intervention and control groups, being in the intervention group was associated with a 1.25-point improvement in IWPR (Glass d = -0.45 [95% CI, -0.12 to -0.79]; P = .01), a 1.24-point improvement in burnout (Glass d = -0.70 [95% CI, -0.37 to -1.03]; P < .001), and a 0.97-point improvement in self-valuation (Glass d = 0.47 [95% CI, 0.09-0.86]; P = .02).In this cohort study of an organizationally sponsored intervention consisting of a couples' workshop designed to mitigate the adverse IWPR for physicians, participation was associated with statistically significant improvements in IWPR, burnout, and self-valuation. Further development of interventions to mitigate adverse IWPR among physicians is warranted.
View details for DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.3218
View details for PubMedID 40184067
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Characteristics and Habits of Psychiatrists and Neurologists With High Occupational Well-Being: A Mixed Methods Study.
Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes
2024; 8 (4): 329-342
Abstract
To identify the characteristics that distinguish occupationally well outliers (OWO), a subset of academic psychiatrists and neurologists with consistently high professional fulfillment and low burnout, from their counterparts with lower levels of occupational well-being.Participants included faculty physicians practicing psychiatry and neurology in academic medical centers affiliated with the Professional Well-being Academic Consortium. In this prospective, longitudinal study, a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach was used. Quantitative measures were administered to physicians in a longitudinal occupational well-being survey sponsored by the academic organizations where they work. Four organizations participated in the qualitative study. Psychiatrists and neurologists at these organizations who competed survey measures at 2 consecutive time points between 2019 and 2021 were invited to participate in an interview.Of 410 (213 psychiatrists and 197 neurologists) who completed professional fulfillment and burnout measures at 2 time points, 84 (20.5%) met OWO criteria. Occupationally well outliers psychiatrists and neurologists had more favorable scores on hypothesized determinants of well-being (values alignment, perceived gratitude, supportive leadership, peer support, and control of schedule). Ultimately, 31 psychiatrists (25% of 124 invited) and 33 neurologists (18.5% of 178 invited) agreed to participate in an interview. Qualitatively, OWO physicians differed from all others in 3 thematic domains: development of life grounded in priorities, ability to shape day-to-day work context, and professional relationships that provide joy and support.A multilevel approach is necessary to promote optimal occupational well-being, targeting individual-level factors, organizational-level factors, and broader system-level factors.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2024.04.005
View details for PubMedID 38974531
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC11223072
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A qualitative study of strategies to improve occupational well-being in physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians.
American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
2024
Abstract
Physiatry is a specialty with high rates of burnout. Although organizational strategies to combat burnout are key, it is also important to understand strategies that individual physiatrists can use to address burnout.To identify changes that resulted in improvement of occupational well-being of physiatrists over a 6- to 9-month period.We employed two quantitative surveys spaced 6 to 9 months apart to identify physiatrists who experienced meaningful improvement in occupational burnout and/or professional fulfillment between the two survey timepoints. These physiatrists were subsequently recruited to participate in a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews to identify changes that respondents felt contributed to improvements in burnout and professional fulfillment.Setting: Online surveys and interviews.Participants: Physiatrists in the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) Membership Masterfile.Main Outcome Measure: Burnout and professional fulfillment were assessed using the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index.One hundred twelve physiatrists responded to the baseline and follow-up surveys. Of these, 35 were eligible for interviews based on improvements in the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index, and 23 (64%) agreed to participate. Themes from the qualitative interviews highlighted the importance of personal lifestyle choices, approaches to improve professional satisfaction, and strategies to foster work-life harmony. Personal lifestyle strategies included investing in wellness and mental health. Efforts to improve professional satisfaction included decreasing work intensity, prioritizing meaningful aspects of work, and building relationships with colleagues. Fostering work-life harmony also included making trade-offs in both domains, setting boundaries at work, setting expectations at home, and overcoming personal challenges.Our findings illustrate that, in addition to organizational strategies demonstrated to be effective, there are actions that individual physiatrists can take to recover from burnout and foster professional fulfillment.
View details for DOI 10.1097/PHM.0000000000002555
View details for PubMedID 38838100
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A qualitative study of strategies to improve occupational well-being in physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians.
PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation
2024
Abstract
Physiatry is a specialty with high rates of burnout. Although organizational strategies to combat burnout are key, it is also important to understand strategies that individual physiatrists can use to address burnout.To identify changes that resulted in improvement of occupational well-being of physiatrists over a 6- to 9-month period.We employed two quantitative surveys spaced 6 to 9 months apart to identify physiatrists who experienced meaningful improvement in occupational burnout and/or professional fulfillment between the two survey timepoints. These physiatrists were subsequently recruited to participate in a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews to identify changes that respondents felt contributed to improvements in burnout and professional fulfillment.Online surveys and interviews.Physiatrists in the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) Membership Masterfile.Burnout and professional fulfillment were assessed using the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index.One hundred twelve physiatrists responded to the baseline and follow-up surveys. Of these, 35 were eligible for interviews based on improvements in the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index, and 23 (64%) agreed to participate. Themes from the qualitative interviews highlighted the importance of personal lifestyle choices, approaches to improve professional satisfaction, and strategies to foster work-life harmony. Personal lifestyle strategies included investing in wellness and mental health. Efforts to improve professional satisfaction included decreasing work intensity, prioritizing meaningful aspects of work, and building relationships with colleagues. Fostering work-life harmony also included making trade-offs in both domains, setting boundaries at work, setting expectations at home, and overcoming personal challenges.Our findings illustrate that, in addition to organizational strategies demonstrated to be effective, there are actions that individual physiatrists can take to recover from burnout and foster professional fulfillment.
View details for DOI 10.1002/pmrj.13189
View details for PubMedID 38837667
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Assessment of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Adverse Professional Experiences, Depression, and Burnout in US Physicians.
Mayo Clinic proceedings
2023; 98 (12): 1785-1796
Abstract
To assess associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adverse occupational experiences (AOEs) with depression and burnout in US physicians.We performed a secondary analysis of data from a representative sample survey of US physicians conducted between November 20, 2020, and March 23, 2021, and from a probability-based sample of other US workers. The ACEs, AOEs, burnout, and depression were assessed using previously published measures.Analyses included data from 1125 of the 3671 physicians (30.6%) who received a mailed survey and 6235 of 90,000 physicians (6.9%) who received an electronic survey. The proportion of physicians age 29-65 who had lived with a family member with substance misuse during childhood (673 of 5039[13.4%]) was marginally lower (P <.001) than that of workers in other professions (448 of 2505 [17.9%]). The proportion of physicians age 29-65 who experienced childhood emotional abuse (823 of 5038 [16.3%]) was similar to that of workers in other professions (406 of 2508 [16.2%]). The average physician depression T-score was 49.60 (raw score ± SD, 6.48±3.15), similar to the normed US average. The AOEs were associated with mild to severe depression, including making a recent significant medical error (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.02, P<.001), being named in a malpractice suit (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.59, P=.008), and experiencing one or more coronavirus disease 2019-related AOEs (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.56 to 1.99, P<.001). Having one or more ACEs was associated with mild to severe depression (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.79, P<.001). The ACEs, coronavirus disease 2019-related AOEs, and medical errors were also associated with burnout.Assessing ACEs and AOEs and implementing selective primary prevention interventions may improve population health efforts to mitigate depression and burnout in physicians.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.03.021
View details for PubMedID 38043996
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IMPACT: Evaluation of a Controlled Organizational Intervention Using Influential Peers to Promote Professional Fulfillment.
Mayo Clinic proceedings
2022
Abstract
To determine the effects of a popular opinion leader (POL)-led organizational intervention targeting all physicians and advanced practice providers (APPs) working within clinic groups on professional fulfillment (primary outcome), gratitude, burnout, self-valuation, and turnover intent.All 20 Stanford University HealthCare Alliance clinics with ≥5 physicians-APPs were matched by size and baseline gratitude scores and randomly assigned to immediate or delayed intervention (control). Between July 10, 2018, and March 15, 2019, trained POLs and a physician-PhD study investigator facilitated 4 interactive breakfast or lunch workshops at intervention clinics, where colleagues were invited to discuss and experience one evidence-based practice (gratitude, mindfulness, cognitive, and behavioral strategies). Participants in both groups completed incentivized annual assessments of professional fulfillment, workplace gratitude, burnout, self-valuation, and intent to leave as part of ongoing organizational program evaluation.Eighty-four (75%) physicians-APPs at intervention clinics attended at least 1 workshop. Of all physicians-APPs, 236 of 251 (94%) completed assessments in 2018 and 254 of 263 (97%) in 2019. Of 264 physicians-APPs with 2018 or 2019 assessment data, 222 (84%) had completed 2017 assessments. Modal characteristics were 60% female, 46% White, 49% aged 40 to 59 years, 44% practicing family-internal medicine, 78% living with partners, and 53% with children. Change in professional fulfillment by 2019 relative to average 2017 to 2018 levels was more favorable (0.63 points; effect size = 0.35; P=.001) as were changes in gratitude and intent to leave among clinicians practicing at intervention clinics.Interventions led by respected physicians-APPs can achieve high participation rates and have potential to promote well-being among their colleagues.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.06.035
View details for PubMedID 36464536
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Performance Nutrition for Physician Trainees Working Overnight Shifts: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
2021
Abstract
PURPOSE: To compare acute effects of 2 dietary interventions with usual dietary habits on physician trainees' alertness during overnight shifts.METHOD: This registered, controlled, block-randomized crossover trial (NCT03698123) was conducted between October 2018 and May 2019 at Stanford Medicine. Physician trainees working at least 3 overnight shifts during a 1-week period were recruited. During the first overnight shift, participants followed their usual dietary habits. During the intervention nights (low carbohydrate-to-protein ratio and high carbohydrate-to-protein ratio interventions), participants received healthy dinners, snacks, water, and, upon request, caffeinated beverages, at the beginning of their shifts and were instructed to eat meals before 10 p.m. The sequence of interventions on the second and third nights were block-randomized across study weeks. Outcome measures (a priori) were overnight changes in validated measures of specific neurobehavioral dimensions: psychomotor vigilance, sensory-motor speed, working memory, and risk decision-making, as well as self-reported sleepiness and work exhaustion.RESULTS: Sixty-one physician trainees participated in this study. Compared to usual dietary habits, overnight changes in psychomotor vigilance scores (scale 0-1,000) improved by 51.02 points (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.08, 89.96); sleepiness (scale 1-7) improved by 0.69 points (95% CI: 0.33, 1.05) under the low carbohydrate-to-protein ratio intervention. Compared to usual dietary habits, overnight changes in sleepiness (scale 1-7) improved by 0.61 points (95% CI: 0.25, 0.96) under the high carbohydrate-to-protein ratio intervention. Neither intervention had beneficial effects relative to usual dietary habits with respect to sensory-motor speed, working memory, risk decision-making, or work exhaustion. There were no differences in outcomes between low carbohydrate-to-protein ratio and high carbohydrate-to-protein ratio interventions.CONCLUSIONS: Dietary interventions may mitigate negative effects of physician trainee sleep deprivation during overnight shifts. Future studies are warranted to further examine the effectiveness of nutritional strategies on physician alertness during overnight shifts.
View details for DOI 10.1097/ACM.0000000000004509
View details for PubMedID 34753859
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Assessment of Physician Sleep and Wellness, Burnout, and Clinically Significant Medical Errors.
JAMA network open
2020; 3 (12): e2028111
Abstract
Importance: Sleep-related impairment in physicians is an occupational hazard associated with long and sometimes unpredictable work hours and may contribute to burnout and self-reported clinically significant medical error.Objective: To assess the associations between sleep-related impairment and occupational wellness indicators in physicians practicing at academic-affiliated medical centers and the association of sleep-related impairment with self-reported clinically significant medical errors, before and after adjusting for burnout.Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study used physician wellness survey data collected from 11 academic-affiliated medical centers between November 2016 and October 2018. Analysis was completed in January 2020. A total of 19 384 attending physicians and 7257 house staff physicians at participating institutions were invited to complete a wellness survey. The sample of responders was used for this study.Exposures: Sleep-related impairment.Main Outcomes and Measures: Association between sleep-related impairment and occupational wellness indicators (ie, work exhaustion, interpersonal disengagement, overall burnout, and professional fulfillment) was hypothesized before data collection. Assessment of the associations of sleep-related impairment and burnout with self-reported clinically significant medical errors (ie, error within the last year resulting in patient harm) was planned after data collection.Results: Of all physicians invited to participate in the survey, 7700 of 19 384 attending physicians (40%) and 3695 of 7257 house staff physicians (51%) completed sleep-related impairment items, including 5279 women (46%), 5187 men (46%), and 929 (8%) who self-identified as other gender or elected not to answer. Because of institutional variation in survey domain inclusion, self-reported medical error responses from 7538 physicians were available for analyses. Spearman correlations of sleep-related impairment with interpersonal disengagement (r=0.51; P<.001), work exhaustion (r=0.58; P<.001), and overall burnout (r=0.59; P<.001) were large. Sleep-related impairment correlation with professional fulfillment (r=-0.40; P<.001) was moderate. In a multivariate model adjusted for gender, training status, medical specialty, and burnout level, compared with low sleep-related impairment levels, moderate, high, and very high levels were associated with increased odds of self-reported clinically significant medical error, by 53% (odds ratio, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12-2.09), 96% (odds ratio, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.46-2.63), and 97% (odds ratio, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.45-2.69), respectively.Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, sleep-related impairment was associated with increased burnout, decreased professional fulfillment, and increased self-reported clinically significant medical error. Interventions to mitigate sleep-related impairment in physicians are warranted.
View details for DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.28111
View details for PubMedID 33284339
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Association of Physician Burnout With Suicidal Ideation and Medical Errors.
JAMA network open
2020; 3 (12): e2028780
Abstract
Importance: Addressing physician suicide requires understanding its association with possible risk factors such as burnout and depression.Objective: To assess the association between burnout and suicidal ideation after adjusting for depression and the association of burnout and depression with self-reported medical errors.Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 12, 2018, to February 15, 2019. Attending and postgraduate trainee physicians randomly sampled from the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile were emailed invitations to complete an online survey in waves until a convenience sample of more than 1200 practicing physicians agreed to participate.Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the association of burnout with suicidal ideation after adjustment for depression. The secondary outcome was the association of burnout and depression with self-reported medical errors. Burnout, depression, suicidal ideation, and medical errors were measured using subscales of the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel, and Mini-Z burnout survey and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System depression Short Form. Associations were evaluated using multivariable regression models.Results: Of the 1354 respondents, 893 (66.0%) were White, 1268 (93.6%) were non-Hispanic, 762 (56.3%) were men, 912 (67.4%) were non-primary care physicians, 934 (69.0%) were attending physicians, and 824 (60.9%) were younger than 45 years. Each SD-unit increase in burnout was associated with 85% increased odds of suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.47-2.31). After adjusting for depression, there was no longer an association (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.63-1.17). In the adjusted model, each SD-unit increase in depression was associated with 202% increased odds of suicidal ideation (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 2.30-3.95). In the adjusted model for self-reported medical errors, each SD-unit increase in burnout was associated with an increase in self-reported medical errors (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.28-1.71), whereas depression was not associated with self-reported medical errors (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.88-1.16).Conclusions and Relevance: The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that depression but not physician burnout is directly associated with suicidal ideation. Burnout was associated with self-reported medical errors. Future investigation might examine whether burnout represents an upstream intervention target to prevent suicidal ideation by preventing depression.
View details for DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.28780
View details for PubMedID 33295977
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Association of Occupational Distress and Sleep-Related Impairment in Physicians With Unsolicited Patient Complaints.
Mayo Clinic proceedings
2020; 95 (4): 719–26
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between occupational distress and sleep-related impairment in physicians and unsolicited patient complaints.PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: We used deidentified data from an academic medical center's physician survey administered in April and May of 2013 to perform a retrospective cohort study. Third-party stewards of the identifiable information regarding unsolicited patient complaints from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2016, matched these data with corresponding physicians' occupational distress data. Unsolicited patient complaints were used to calculate the Patient Advocacy Reporting System (PARS) score, a validated predictor of malpractice litigation risk and clinical outcomes. Physicians were grouped into 1 of 3 PARS risk categories based on previously defined thresholds: low risk (score of 0), intermediate risk (score of 1-12), or high risk (score ≥13).RESULTS: Each 1-point increase in burnout and sleep-related impairment, on a 5-point scale, was associated with a 69% (odds ratio [OR], 1.69; 95% CI, 1.12-2.54) and 49% (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.08-2.05) increased odds of being in the next higher PARS risk category, respectively, averaged across all 4 years. Professional fulfillment was a protective factor, associated with fewer unsolicited patient complaints. Each 1-point decrease in professional fulfillment was associated with a 68% (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.16-2.44) increased odds of being in the next higher PARS risk category. The effect of depression on PARS risk category was not significant (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.84-2.10).CONCLUSION: Findings from this research suggest that occupational distress and sleep-related impairment in physicians are associated with unsolicited patient complaints.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.09.025
View details for PubMedID 32247345
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How to negotiate
l Roberts Academic Medicine Handbook: A Guide to Achievement and Fulfillment for Academic Faculty
Springer International Publishing. 2020; 2: 411–419
View details for DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-31957-1_45
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Developing a Portfolio to Support Physicians' Efforts to Promote Well-being: One Piece of the Puzzle.
Mayo Clinic proceedings
2019; 94 (11): 2171–77
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.09.010
View details for PubMedID 31685149
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In the Limelight: November 2019
MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS
2019; 94 (11): 2153-2155
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.09.020
View details for Web of Science ID 000493980400004
View details for PubMedID 31685142
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Self-valuation: Attending to the Most Important Instrument in the Practice of Medicine.
Mayo Clinic proceedings
2019
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To measure self-valuation, involving constructive prioritization of personal well-being and a growth mindset perspective that seeks to learn and improve as the primary response to errors, in physicians and evaluate its relationship with burnout and sleep-related impairment.METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional survey data collected between July 1, 2016, and October 31, 2017, from 5 academic medical centers in the United States. All faculty and medical-staff physicians at participating organizations were invited to participate. The self-valuation scale included 4 items measured on a 5-point (0-4) Likert scale (summative score range, 0-16). The self-valuation scale was developed and pilot tested in a sample of 250 physicians before inclusion in the multisite wellness survey, which also included validated measures of burnout and sleep-related impairment.RESULTS: Of the 6189 physicians invited to participate, 3899 responded (response rate, 63.0%). Each 1-point score increase in self-valuation was associated with-1.10 point lower burnout score (95% CI,-1.16 to-1.05; standardized beta=-0.53; P<.001) and 0.81 point lower sleep-related impairment score (95% CI,-0.85 to-0.76; standardized beta=-0.47; P<.001), adjusting for sex and medical specialty. Women had lower self-valuation (Cohen d=0.30) and higher burnout (Cohen d=0.22) than men. Lower self-valuation scores in women accounted for most of the sex difference in burnout.CONCLUSION: Low self-valuation among physicians is associated with burnout and sleep-related impairment. Further research is warranted to develop and test interventions that increase self-valuation as a mechanism to improve physician well-being.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.04.040
View details for PubMedID 31543254
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Creating a Culture of Wellness
The Art and Science of Physician Wellbeing: A Handbook for Physicians and Trainees
Springer International Publishing. 2019; 1: 19-32
View details for DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42135-3_2