Bio


Fringer's research focuses on the development and application of numerical models and high-performance computational techniques to the study of fundamental processes that influence the dynamics of the coastal ocean, rivers, lakes, and estuaries.

Academic Appointments


Honors & Awards


  • Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, Department of Defense (2009)
  • Young Investigator Award, Office of Naval Research (2008)
  • Frederick A. Howes Scholar in Computational Science, Department of Energy (2003)
  • South Africa Teaching Fellow, Department of African and African-American Studies, Stanford University (2002-2003)

Professional Education


  • PhD, Stanford University, Civil and Environmental Engineering (2003)
  • MS, Stanford University, Aeronautics and Astronautics (1996)
  • BSE, Princeton, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (1995)

2024-25 Courses


Stanford Advisees


All Publications


  • Drag enhancement by the addition of weak waves to a wave-current boundary layer over bumpy walls JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS Patil, A., Fringer, O. 2022; 947
  • Particle-resolved simulations of four-way coupled, polydispersed, particle-laden flows INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS Yao, Y., Biegert, E., Vowinckel, B., Koellner, T., Meiburg, E., Balachandar, S., Criddle, C. S., Fringer, O. B. 2022

    View details for DOI 10.1002/fld.5128

    View details for Web of Science ID 000824580300001

  • On Internal Tides Driving Residual Currents and Upwelling on an Island JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Rogers, J. S., Mayer, F. T., Davis, K. A., Fringer, O. B. 2022; 127 (7)
  • On the Variability of Floc Characteristics in a Shallow Estuary JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Egan, G., Chang, G., Manning, A. J., Monismith, S., Fringer, O. 2022; 127 (6)
  • A high-order spectral method for effective simulation of surface waves interacting with an internal wave of large amplitude OCEAN MODELLING Hao, X., Wu, J., Rogers, J. S., Fringer, O. B., Shen, L. 2022; 173
  • CFD-accelerated bioreactor optimization: reducing the hydrodynamic parameter space ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY Yao, Y., Fringer, O. B., Criddle, C. S. 2022

    View details for DOI 10.1039/d1ew00666e

    View details for Web of Science ID 000744130000001

  • Long-Term Earth-Moon Evolution With High-Level Orbit and Ocean Tide Models JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS Daher, H., Arbic, B. K., Williams, J. G., Ansong, J. K., Boggs, D. H., Mueller, M., Schindelegger, M., Austermann, J., Cornuelle, B. D., Crawford, E. B., Fringer, O. B., Lau, H. P., Lock, S. J., Maloof, A. C., Menemenlis, D., Mitrovica, J. X., Green, J., Huber, M. 2021; 126 (12)
  • Long-Term Earth-Moon Evolution With High-Level Orbit and Ocean Tide Models. Journal of geophysical research. Planets Daher, H., Arbic, B. K., Williams, J. G., Ansong, J. K., Boggs, D. H., Müller, M., Schindelegger, M., Austermann, J., Cornuelle, B. D., Crawford, E. B., Fringer, O. B., Lau, H. C., Lock, S. J., Maloof, A. C., Menemenlis, D., Mitrovica, J. X., Green, J. A., Huber, M. 2021; 126 (12): e2021JE006875

    Abstract

    Tides and Earth-Moon system evolution are coupled over geological time. Tidal energy dissipation on Earth slows E a r t h ' s rotation rate, increases obliquity, lunar orbit semi-major axis and eccentricity, and decreases lunar inclination. Tidal and core-mantle boundary dissipation within the Moon decrease inclination, eccentricity and semi-major axis. Here we integrate the Earth-Moon system backwards for 4.5 Ga with orbital dynamics and explicit ocean tide models that are "high-level" (i.e., not idealized). To account for uncertain plate tectonic histories, we employ Monte Carlo simulations, with tidal energy dissipation rates (normalized relative to astronomical forcing parameters) randomly selected from ocean tide simulations with modern ocean basin geometry and with 55, 116, and 252 Ma reconstructed basin paleogeometries. The normalized dissipation rates depend upon basin geometry and E a r t h ' s rotation rate. Faster Earth rotation generally yields lower normalized dissipation rates. The Monte Carlo results provide a spread of possible early values for the Earth-Moon system parameters. Of consequence for ocean circulation and climate, absolute (un-normalized) ocean tidal energy dissipation rates on the early Earth may have exceeded t o d a y ' s rate due to a closer Moon. Prior to ∼ 3 Ga , evolution of inclination and eccentricity is dominated by tidal and core-mantle boundary dissipation within the Moon, which yield high lunar orbit inclinations in the early Earth-Moon system. A drawback for our results is that the semi-major axis does not collapse to near-zero values at 4.5 Ga, as indicated by most lunar formation models. Additional processes, missing from our current efforts, are discussed as topics for future investigation.

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2021JE006875

    View details for PubMedID 35846556

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC9285098

  • Seasonal particle responses to near-bed shear stress in a shallow, wave- and current-driven environment LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LETTERS Chang, G., Egan, G., McNeil, J. D., McWilliams, S., Jones, C., Spada, F., Monismith, S., Fringer, O. 2021

    View details for DOI 10.1002/lol2.10221

    View details for Web of Science ID 000713877600001

  • Competing flow and collision effects in a monodispersed liquid-solid fluidized bed at a moderate Archimedes number JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS Yao, Y., Criddle, C. S., Fringer, O. B. 2021; 927
  • Comparison of the properties of segregated layers in a bidispersed fluidized bed to those of a monodispersed fluidized bed PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS Yao, Y., Criddle, C. S., Fringer, O. B. 2021; 6 (8)
  • The effects of particle clustering on hindered settling in high-concentration particle suspensions JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS Yao, Y., Criddle, C. S., Fringer, O. B. 2021; 920
  • Phase-Resolved Wave Boundary Layer Dynamics in a Shallow Estuary GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Cowherd, M., Egan, G., Monismith, S., Fringer, O. 2021; 48 (8)
  • Cohesive Sediment Erosion in a Combined Wave-Current Boundary Layer JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Egan, G., Chang, G., McWilliams, S., Revelas, G., Fringer, O., Monismith, S. 2021; 126 (2)
  • Improving Nonlinear and Nonhydrostatic Ocean Lee Wave Drag Parameterizations JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Mayer, F. T., Fringer, O. B. 2020; 50 (9): 2417–35
  • Bottom Drag Varies Seasonally With Biological Roughness GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Egan, G., Chang, G., Revelas, G., Monismith, S., Fringer, O. 2020; 47 (15)
  • Sediment-Induced Stratification in an Estuarine Bottom Boundary Layer JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Egan, G., Manning, A. J., Chang, G., Fringer, O., Monismith, S. 2020; 125 (8)
  • Fate of Internal Waves on a Shallow Shelf JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Davis, K. A., Arthur, R. S., Reid, E. C., Rogers, J. S., Fringer, O. B., Decarlo, T. M., Cohen, A. L. 2020; 125 (5)
  • CONNECTING PROCESS MODELS OF TOPOGRAPHIC WAVE DRAG TO GLOBAL EDDYING GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS OCEANOGRAPHY Arbic, B. K., Fringer, O. B., Klymak, J. M., Mayer, F. T., Trossman, D. S., Zhu, P. 2019; 32 (4): 146–55
  • The future of coastal and estuarine modeling: Findings from a workshop OCEAN MODELLING Fringer, O. B., Dawson, C. N., He, R., Ralston, D. K., Zhang, Y. 2019; 143
  • A framework for seamless one-way nesting of internal wave-resolving ocean models OCEAN MODELLING Rogers, J. S., Rayson, M. D., Ko, D. S., Winters, K. B., Fringer, O. B. 2019; 143
  • Modeling Environmental DNA Transport in the Coastal Ocean Using Lagrangian Particle Tracking FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE Andruszkiewicz, E. A., Koseff, J. R., Fringer, O. B., Ouellette, N. T., Lowe, A. B., Edwards, C. A., Boehm, A. B. 2019; 6
  • Observations of Near-Bed Shear Stress in a Shallow, Wave- and Current-Driven Flow JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Egan, G., Cowherd, M., Fringer, O., Monismith, S. 2019; 124 (8): 6323–44
  • Internal Wave Breaking Dynamics and Associated Mixing in the Coastal Ocean ENCYCLOPEDIA OF OCEAN SCIENCES, VOL 3: OCEAN DYNAMICS, 3RD EDITION Masunaga, E., Arthur, R. S., Fringer, O. B., Cochran, J. K., Bokuniewicz, H. J., Yager, P. L. 2019: 548–54
  • The effects of intensive aquaculture on nutrient residence time and transport in a coastal embayment ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS Wang, B., Cao, L., Micheli, F., Naylor, R. L., Fringer, O. B. 2018; 18 (6): 1321–49
  • Three-Dimensional Modeling of Fine Sediment Transport by Waves and Currents in a Shallow Estuary JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Chou, Y., Nelson, K. S., Holleman, R. C., Fringer, O. B., Stacey, M. T., Lacy, J. R., Monismith, S. G., Koseff, J. R. 2018; 123 (6): 4177–99
  • Modeling Sedimentation Dynamics of Sediment-Laden River Intrusions in a Rotationally-Influenced, Stratified Lake WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH Scheu, K. R., Fong, D., Monismith, S. G., Fringer, O. B. 2018; 54 (6): 4084–4107
  • A three-dimensional numerical study of river plume mixing processes in Otsuchi Bay, Japan JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY Sasmal, K., Masunaga, E., Webb, A., Fringer, O. B., Gross, E. S., Rayson, M. D., Yamazaki, H. 2018; 74 (2): 169–86
  • Resolving high-frequency internal waves generated at an isolated coral atoll using an unstructured grid ocean model OCEAN MODELLING Rayson, M. D., Ivey, G. N., Jones, N. L., Fringer, O. B. 2018; 122: 67–84
  • How we compute N matters to estimates of mixing in stratified flows JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS Arthur, R. S., Venayagamoorthy, S. K., Koseff, J. R., Fringer, O. B. 2017; 831
  • Using an Isohaline Flux Analysis to Predict the Salt Content in an Unsteady Estuary JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Rayson, M. D., Gross, E. S., Hetland, R. D., Fringer, O. B. 2017; 47 (11): 2811–28
  • Dynamics and Energetics of Trapped Diurnal Internal Kelvin Waves around a Midlatitude Island JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Masunaga, E., Fringer, O. B., Kitade, Y., Yamazaki, H., Gallager, S. M. 2017; 47 (10): 2479–98
  • Historical Analysis of Hydraulic Bridge Collapses in the Continental United States JOURNAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS Flint, M. M., Fringer, O., Billington, S. L., Freyberg, D., Diffenbaugh, N. S. 2017; 23 (3)
  • Sediment resuspension and the generation of intermediate nepheloid layers by shoaling internal bores JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS Masunaga, E., Arthur, R. S., Fringer, O. B., Yamazaki, H. 2017; 170: 31-41
  • Behavior of a wave-driven buoyant surface jet on a coral reef JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Herdman, L. M., Hench, J. L., Fringer, O., Monismith, S. G. 2017; 122 (5): 4088–4109
  • Local versus volume-integrated turbulence and mixing in breaking internal waves on slopes JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS Arthur, R. S., Koseff, J. R., Fringer, O. B. 2017; 815: 169-198
  • A coupled wave-hydrodynamic model of an atoll with high friction: Mechanisms for flow, connectivity, and ecological implications OCEAN MODELLING Rogers, J. S., Monismith, S. G., Fringer, O. B., Koweek, D. A., Dunbar, R. B. 2017; 110: 66-82
  • Modeling Intrajunction Dispersion at a Well-Mixed Tidal River Junction JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING Wolfram, P. J., Fringer, O. B., Monsen, N. E., Gleichauf, K. T., Fong, D. A., Monismith, S. G. 2016; 142 (8)
  • Time scales in Galveston Bay: An unsteady estuary JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Rayson, M. D., Gross, E. S., Hetland, R. D., Fringer, O. B. 2016; 121 (4): 2268-2285
  • Strong turbulent mixing induced by internal bores interacting with internal tide-driven vertically sheared flow GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Masunaga, E., Fringer, O. B., Yamazaki, H., Amakasu, K. 2016; 43 (5): 2094-2101
  • An observational and numerical study of river plume dynamics in Otsuchi Bay, Japan JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY Masunaga, E., Fringer, O. B., Yamazaki, H. 2016; 72 (1): 3-21
  • Transport by breaking internal gravity waves on slopes JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS Arthur, R. S., Fringer, O. B. 2016; 789: 93-126
  • Three-dimensional wave-coupled hydrodynamics modeling in South San Francisco Bay COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES Chou, Y., Holleman, R. C., Fringer, O. B., Stacey, M. T., Monismith, S. G., Koseff, J. R. 2015; 85: 10-21
  • Mixing and sediment resuspension associated with internal bores in a shallow bay CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH Masunaga, E., Homma, H., Yamazaki, H., Fringer, O. B., Nagai, T., Kitade, Y., Okayasu, A. 2015; 110: 85-99
  • Sediment transport dynamics near a river inflow in a large alpine lake LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Scheu, K. R., Fong, D. A., Monismith, S. G., Fringer, O. B. 2015; 60 (4): 1195-1211

    View details for DOI 10.1002/lno.10089

    View details for Web of Science ID 000357894500008

  • Numerical investigation of split flows by gravity currents into two-layered stratified water bodies JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Cortes, A., Wells, M. G., Fringer, O. B., ARTHUR, R. S., Rueda, F. J. 2015; 120 (7): 5254-5271
  • The formation and fate of internal waves in the South China Sea. Nature Alford, M. H., Peacock, T., MacKinnon, J. A., Nash, J. D., Buijsman, M. C., Centuroni, L. R., Chao, S., Chang, M., Farmer, D. M., Fringer, O. B., Fu, K., Gallacher, P. C., Graber, H. C., Helfrich, K. R., Jachec, S. M., Jackson, C. R., Klymak, J. M., Ko, D. S., Jan, S., Johnston, T. M., Legg, S., Lee, I., Lien, R., Mercier, M. J., Moum, J. N., Musgrave, R., Park, J., Pickering, A. I., Pinkel, R., Rainville, L., Ramp, S. R., Rudnick, D. L., Sarkar, S., Scotti, A., Simmons, H. L., St Laurent, L. C., Venayagamoorthy, S. K., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Yang, Y. J., Paluszkiewicz, T., Tang, T. D. 2015; 521 (7550): 65-69

    Abstract

    Internal gravity waves, the subsurface analogue of the familiar surface gravity waves that break on beaches, are ubiquitous in the ocean. Because of their strong vertical and horizontal currents, and the turbulent mixing caused by their breaking, they affect a panoply of ocean processes, such as the supply of nutrients for photosynthesis, sediment and pollutant transport and acoustic transmission; they also pose hazards for man-made structures in the ocean. Generated primarily by the wind and the tides, internal waves can travel thousands of kilometres from their sources before breaking, making it challenging to observe them and to include them in numerical climate models, which are sensitive to their effects. For over a decade, studies have targeted the South China Sea, where the oceans' most powerful known internal waves are generated in the Luzon Strait and steepen dramatically as they propagate west. Confusion has persisted regarding their mechanism of generation, variability and energy budget, however, owing to the lack of in situ data from the Luzon Strait, where extreme flow conditions make measurements difficult. Here we use new observations and numerical models to (1) show that the waves begin as sinusoidal disturbances rather than arising from sharp hydraulic phenomena, (2) reveal the existence of >200-metre-high breaking internal waves in the region of generation that give rise to turbulence levels >10,000 times that in the open ocean, (3) determine that the Kuroshio western boundary current noticeably refracts the internal wave field emanating from the Luzon Strait, and (4) demonstrate a factor-of-two agreement between modelled and observed energy fluxes, which allows us to produce an observationally supported energy budget of the region. Together, these findings give a cradle-to-grave picture of internal waves on a basin scale, which will support further improvements of their representation in numerical climate predictions.

    View details for DOI 10.1038/nature14399

    View details for PubMedID 25951285

  • Modeling the tidal and sub-tidal hydrodynamics in a shallow, micro-tidal estuary OCEAN MODELLING Rayson, M. D., Gross, E. S., Fringer, O. B. 2015; 89: 29-44
  • The dynamics of breaking internal solitary waves on slopes JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS Arthur, R. S., Fringer, O. B. 2014; 761
  • A nonhydrostatic, isopycnal-coordinate ocean model for internal waves OCEAN MODELLING Vitousek, S., Fringer, O. B. 2014; 83: 118-144
  • Improved parameterization of seagrass blade dynamics and wave attenuation based on numerical and laboratory experiments LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY Zeller, R. B., Weitzman, J. S., Abbett, M. E., Zarama, F. J., Fringer, O. B., Koseff, J. R. 2014; 59 (1): 251-266
  • Mitigating horizontal divergence "checker-board" oscillations on unstructured triangular C-grids for nonlinear hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic flows OCEAN MODELLING Wolfram, P. J., Fringer, O. B. 2013; 69: 64-78
  • Numerical diffusion for flow-aligned unstructured grids with application to estuarine modeling INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS Holleman, R., Fringer, O., Stacey, M. 2013; 72 (11): 1117-1145

    View details for DOI 10.1002/fld.3774

    View details for Web of Science ID 000321445700001

  • Dynamics of barotropic low-frequency fluctuations in San Francisco Bay during upwelling CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH Sankaranarayanan, S., Fringer, O. B. 2013; 65: 81-96
  • Stability and consistency of nonhydrostatic free-surface models using the semi-implicit theta-method INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS Vitousek, S., Fringer, O. B. 2013; 72 (5): 550-582

    View details for DOI 10.1002/fld.3755

    View details for Web of Science ID 000318511300003

  • Moving grid method for numerical simulation of stratified flows INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS Koltakov, S., Fringer, O. B. 2013; 71 (12): 1524-1545

    View details for DOI 10.1002/fld.3724

    View details for Web of Science ID 000316626400004

  • Nearshore internal bores and turbulent mixing in southern Monterey Bay JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Walter, R. K., Woodson, C. B., Arthur, R. S., Fringer, O. B., Monismith, S. G. 2012; 117
  • Examining Breaking Internal Waves on a Shelf Slope Using Numerical Simulations OCEANOGRAPHY Venayagamoorthy, S. K., Fringer, O. B. 2012; 25 (2): 132-139
  • REGIONAL MODELS OF INTERNAL TIDES OCEANOGRAPHY Carter, G. S., Fringer, O. B., Zaron, E. D. 2012; 25 (2): 56-65
  • Frontogenesis and Frontal Progression of a Trapping-Generated Estuarine Convergence Front and Its Influence on Mixing and Stratification ESTUARIES AND COASTS Giddings, S. N., Fong, D. A., Monismith, S. G., Chickadel, C. C., Edwards, K. A., Plant, W. J., Wang, B., Fringer, O. B., Horner-Devine, A. R., Jessup, A. T. 2012; 35 (2): 665-681
  • Energetics of Barotropic and Baroclinic Tides in the Monterey Bay Area JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Kang, D., Fringer, O. 2012; 42 (2): 272-290
  • Modeling and Prediction of Internal Waves in the South China Sea OCEANOGRAPHY Simmons, H., Chang, M., Chang, Y., Chao, S., Fringer, O., Jackson, C. R., Ko, D. S. 2011; 24 (4): 88-99
  • Large-eddy simulation of starting buoyant jets ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS Wang, R., Law, A. W., Adams, E. E., Fringer, O. B. 2011; 11 (6): 591-609
  • Numerical modeling of aquaculture dissolved waste transport in a coastal embayment ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS Venayagamoorthy, S. K., Ku, H., Fringer, O. B., Chiu, A., Naylor, R. L., Koseff, J. R. 2011; 11 (4): 329-352
  • Three-dimensional, nonhydrostatic numerical simulation of nonlinear internal wave generation and propagation in the South China Sea JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Zhang, Z., Fringer, O. B., Ramp, S. R. 2011; 116
  • Modeling Exposure Close to Air Pollution Sources in Naturally Ventilated Residences: Association of Turbulent Diffusion Coefficient with Air Change Rate ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Cheng, K., Acevedo-Bolton, V., Jiang, R., Klepeis, N. E., Ott, W. R., Fringer, O. B., Hildemann, L. M. 2011; 45 (9): 4016-4022

    Abstract

    For modeling exposure close to an indoor air pollution source, an isotropic turbulent diffusion coefficient is used to represent the average spread of emissions. However, its magnitude indoors has been difficult to assess experimentally due to limitations in the number of monitors available. We used 30-37 real-time monitors to simultaneously measure CO at different angles and distances from a continuous indoor point source. For 11 experiments involving two houses, with natural ventilation conditions ranging from <0.2 to >5 air changes per h, an eddy diffusion model was used to estimate the turbulent diffusion coefficients, which ranged from 0.001 to 0.013 m² s⁻¹. The model reproduced observed concentrations with reasonable accuracy over radial distances of 0.25-5.0 m. The air change rate, as measured using a SF₆ tracer gas release, showed a significant positive linear correlation with the air mixing rate, defined as the turbulent diffusion coefficient divided by a squared length scale representing the room size. The ability to estimate the indoor turbulent diffusion coefficient using two readily measurable parameters (air change rate and room dimensions) is useful for accurately modeling exposures in close proximity to an indoor pollution source.

    View details for DOI 10.1021/es103080p

    View details for Web of Science ID 000289819400033

    View details for PubMedID 21456572

  • Modeling and understanding turbulent mixing in a macrotidal salt wedge estuary JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Wang, B., Giddings, S. N., Fringer, O. B., Gross, E. S., Fong, D. A., Monismith, S. G. 2011; 116
  • Sensitivity analysis of three-dimensional salinity simulations in North San Francisco Bay using the unstructured-grid SUNTANS model OCEAN MODELLING Chua, V. P., Fringer, O. B. 2011; 39 (3-4): 332-350
  • Analysis of stratified flow and separation over complex bathymetry in a field-scale estuarine model Fringer, O., B., Wang, B. 2011
  • Reconstruction of vector fields for semi-Lagrangian advection on unstructured, staggered grids OCEAN MODELLING Wang, B., Zhao, G., Fringer, O. B. 2011; 40 (1): 52-71
  • Physical vs. numerical dispersion in nonhydrostatic ocean modeling OCEAN MODELLING Vitousek, S., Fringer, O. B. 2011; 40 (1): 72-86
  • On the Calculation of Available Potential Energy in Internal Wave Fields JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Kang, D., Fringer, O. 2010; 40 (11): 2539-2545
  • A model for the simulation of coupled flow-bed form evolution in turbulent flows JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Chou, Y., Fringer, O. B. 2010; 115
  • Mechanistic Modeling of Broth Temperature in Outdoor Photobioreactors ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Bechet, Q., Shilton, A., Fringer, O. B., Munoz, R., Guieysse, B. 2010; 44 (6): 2197-2203

    Abstract

    This study presents the first mechanistic model describing broth temperature in column photobioreactors as a function of static (location, reactor geometry) and dynamic (light irradiance, air temperature, wind velocity) parameters. Based on a heat balance on the liquid phase the model predicted temperature in a pneumatically agitated column photobioreactor (1 m(2) illuminated area, 0.19 m internal diameter, 50 L gas-free cultivation broth) operated outdoor in Singapore to an accuracy of 2.4 °C at the 95% confidence interval over the entire data set used (104 measurements from 7 different batches). Solar radiation (0 to 200 W) and air convection (-30 to 50 W)were the main contributors to broth temperature change. The model predicted broth temperature above 40 °C will be reached during summer months in the same photobioreactor operated in California, a value well over the maximum temperature tolerated by most commercial algae species. Accordingly, 18,000 and 5500 GJ year(-1) ha(-1) of heat energy must be removed to maintain broth temperature at or below 25 and 35 °C, respectively, assuming a reactor density of one reactor per square meter. Clearly, the significant issue of temperature control must be addressed when evaluating the technical feasibility, costs, and sustainability of large-scale algae production.

    View details for DOI 10.1021/es903214u

    View details for Web of Science ID 000275325600051

    View details for PubMedID 20178334

  • Consistent discretization for simulations of flows with moving generalized curvilinear coordinates INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS Chou, Y. J., Fringer, O. B. 2010; 62 (7): 802-826

    View details for DOI 10.1002/fld.2046

    View details for Web of Science ID 000274876500006

  • Simulations of shear instabilities in interfacial gravity waves JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS Barad, M. F., Fringer, O. B. 2010; 644: 61-95
  • The Determination of Formation Number for Starting Buoyant Jets 2nd International Symposium on Computational Mechanics Wang, R., Law, A. W., Adams, E. E., Fringer, O. B. AMER INST PHYSICS. 2010: 1636–1641
  • Buoyant formation number of a starting buoyant jet PHYSICS OF FLUIDS Wang, R., Law, A. W., Adams, E. E., Fringer, O. B. 2009; 21 (12)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.3275849

    View details for Web of Science ID 000273216700021

  • Remotely sensed river surface features compared with modeling and in situ measurements JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS Plant, W. J., Branch, R., Chatham, G., Chickadel, C. C., Hayes, K., Hayworth, B., Horner-Devine, A., Jessup, A., Fong, D. A., Fringer, O. B., Giddings, S. N., Monismith, S., Wang, B. 2009; 114
  • The variability of the large-amplitude internal wave field on the Australian North West Shelf CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH Van Gastel, P., Ivey, G. N., Meuleners, M. J., Antenucci, J. P., Fringer, O. 2009; 29 (11-12): 1373-1383
  • High-resolution simulations of a macrotidal estuary using SUNTANS OCEAN MODELLING Wang, B., Fringer, O. B., Giddings, S. N., Fong, D. A. 2009; 26 (1-2): 60-85
  • Towards Nonhydrostatic Ocean Modeling with Large-eddy Simulation Workshop on Oceanography in 2025 Fringer, O. B. NATL ACADEMIES PRESS. 2009: 81–83
  • Modeling dilute sediment suspension using large-eddy simulation with a dynamic mixed model PHYSICS OF FLUIDS Chou, Y., Fringer, O. B. 2008; 20 (11)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.3005863

    View details for Web of Science ID 000261213300019

  • High-Resolution Simulations of Nonlinear Internal Gravity Waves in the South China Sea Conference on High Performance Computer Modernization Program Fringer, O. B., Zhang, Z. IEEE COMPUTER SOC. 2008: 43–46
  • Effects of grid resolution on the simulation of internal tides 16th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2006) Jachec, S. M., Fringer, O. B., Street, R. L., Gerritsen, M. G. INT SOC OFFSHORE POLAR ENGINEERS. 2007: 105–11
  • On the formation and propagation of nonlinear internal boluses across a shelf break JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS Venayagamoorthy, S. K., Fringer, O. B. 2007; 577: 137-159
  • Internal wave energetics on a shelf break 16th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2006) Venayagamoorthy, S. K., Fringer, O. B. INT SOC OFFSHORE POLAR ENGINEERS. 2007: 22–29
  • Simulations of mixing and transport of dissolved wasted discharged from an aquaculture pen Venayagamoorthy, S., K., Fringer, O., B., Koseff, J., R., Naylor, R., L. 2007
  • Modeling Sediment Suspension in High Reynolds Number Flow Using Large Eddy Simulation Chou, Y., J., Fringer, O., B. 2007
  • Numerical simulations of shear instabilities in open-ocean internal gravity waves Barad, M., F., Fringer, O., B. 2007
  • Numerical simulations of the interaction of internal waves with a shelf break PHYSICS OF FLUIDS Venayagamoorthy, S. K., Fringer, O. B. 2006; 18 (7)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2221863

    View details for Web of Science ID 000239424200034

  • Numerical simulation of internal tides and the resulting energetics within Monterey Bay and the surrounding area GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Jachec, S. M., Fringer, O. B., Gerritsen, M. G., Street, R. L. 2006; 33 (12)
  • Internal wave energetics on a shelf break 16th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2006) Venayagamoorthy, S. K., Fringer, O. B. INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS. 2006: 473–480
  • The dynamics of breaking internal gravity waves over a shelf break Venayagamoorthy, S., K., Fringer, O., B. 2006
  • Multiscale simulations of internal gravity waves Barad, M., F., Fringer, O., B., Colella, P. 2006
  • The Three-Dimensional, Time-Dependent Nature of Internal Waves Entering Monterey Submarine Canyon Jachec, S., M., Fringer, O., B., Gerritsen, M., Street, R., L. 2006
  • Coupled ROMS-SUNTANS simulations of highly nonlinear internal gravity waves on the Australian northwest shelf Fringer, O., B., Gross, E., S., Meuleners, M., Ivey, G., N. 2006
  • A Numerical Study of Nonlinear Internal Wave Generation in the Luzon Strait Zhang, Z., Fringer, O., B. 2006
  • Effects of grid resolution on the simulation of internal tides 16th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2006) Jachec, S. M., Fringer, O. B., Street, R. L., Gerritsen, M. G. INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS. 2006: 432–438
  • Efficient computation of the nonhydrostatic pressure 16th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2006) Kang, D., Fringer, O. B. INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS. 2006: 414–419
  • An unstructured-grid, finite-volume, nonhydrostatic, parallel coastal ocean simulator OCEAN MODELLING Fringer, O. B., Gerritsen, M., Street, R. L. 2006; 14 (3-4): 139-173
  • Reducing numerical diffusion in interfacial gravity wave simulations INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS Fringer, O. B., Armfield, S. W., Street, R. L. 2005; 49 (3): 301-329

    View details for DOI 10.1002/fld.993

    View details for Web of Science ID 000231890800003

  • Nonhydrostatic and nonlinear contributions to the energy flux budget in nonlinear internal waves GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Venayagamoorthy, S. K., Fringer, O. B. 2005; 32 (15)
  • An unstructured immersed boundary method for simulation of flow over complex topography Chou, Y., Fringer, O., B. 2005
  • Time accuracy for pressure methods for nonhydrostatic free-surface flows Kang, D., Fringer, O., B. 2005
  • Energy partitioning in breaking internal waves on slopes Venayagamoorthy, S., K., Fringer, O., B. edited by Lee, J.H., W., Lam, K., M. 2004
  • The dynamics of breaking progressive interfacial waves JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS Fringer, O. B., Street, R. L. 2003; 494: 319-353
  • A nonstaggered curvilinear grid pressure correction method applied to interfacial waves Fringer, O., B., Armfield, S., W., Street, R., L. 2003
  • Integrable vs. nonintegrable geodesic soliton behavior PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA Fringer, O. B., Holm, D. D. 2001; 150 (3-4): 237-263
  • Direct numerical simulation of unstable finite amplitude progressive interfacial waves Fringer, O., B., Armfield, S., W., Street, R., L. 2000