Bio


My students and I study active earthquake and volcanic process through data collection, inversion, and theoretical modeling. Using methods such as precise Global Positioning System (GPS) positioning and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) we are able to measure deformation in space and time and invert these data for the geometry of faults and magma chambers, and spatiotemporal variations in fault slip-rate and magma chamber dilation. The accumulation of shear strain in tectonic regions provides a direct measure of earthquake potential. Similarly, magma accumulation in the crust prior to eruptions causes measurable inflation. We use these data to develop and test models of active plate boundaries such as the San Andreas, and the Cascade and Japanese subduction zones, the nucleation of earthquakes, slow slip events, induced seismicity, and the physics of magma migration leading to volcanic eruptions. These physics-based models rely on principles and methodologies from solid and fluid dynamics.

Academic Appointments


Administrative Appointments


  • Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Geophysics, Stanford University (2020 - Present)
  • Committee on Graduate Studies, Stanford University (2018 - 2020)
  • Summer Research Program for Teachers, Stanford University (2018 - 2018)
  • Pre-Major Advisor, Stanford University (2013 - 2015)
  • School of Earth Sciences Council, Stanford University (2013 - 2015)
  • Office of Judicial Affairs – Internal Review Panel, Stanford University (2010 - 2012)
  • School of Earth Sciences Space Committee, Stanford University (2010 - 2012)
  • Geoscape Bay Area: Teacher Professional Development Course on Volcanoes, Stanford University (2010 - 2010)
  • Admit Weekend Lecture, Stanford University (2008 - 2010)
  • Instructor, Stanford (Summer) Engineering Academy, Stanford University (2005 - 2018)
  • Admit Weekend Lecture, Stanford University (2005 - 2006)
  • Associate Chair, Geophysics Department, Stanford University (2003 - 2004)
  • Member, Earth Sciences Council, Stanford University (2003 - 2004)
  • Alumni Weekend Lecture, Stanford University (2000 - 2001)
  • Chair, C-ACIS Committee on Academic Computing and Information Services, Stanford University (2000 - 2001)
  • Member, University Needs Task Force on Information Technology, Stanford University (2000 - 2001)
  • Visiting Professor, Insitute de Physique du Globe, Paris (2000 - 2000)
  • Professor, Stanford University (1998 - Present)
  • Member, C-ACIS Committee on Academic Computing and Information Services, Stanford University (1997 - 2000)
  • Freshman/Sophmore Advisor, Stanford University (1995 - 2005)
  • Chair, Geophysics Department Admissions Committe, Stanford University (1995 - 1998)
  • Chair, School of Earth Sciences Computer Committee, Stanford University (1994 - 2007)
  • Associate Professor, Stanford University (1993 - 1998)
  • Visiting Associate Professor, University of Grenoble (1991 - 1991)
  • Associate Professor (Research), Stanford University (1989 - 1993)
  • Consulting Professor, Stanford University (1987 - 1989)
  • Project Chief Mechanics of Faulting and Fracturing, USGS (1983 - 1993)
  • Geologist, USGS (1981 - 1983)

Honors & Awards


  • Member, National Academy of Sciences (2016)
  • Charles A. Whitten Medal, American Geophysical Union (2014)
  • William Smith Lecturer, Geological Society of London (2011)
  • Stanford Postdoctoral Mentoring Award (Honorable Mention), Stanford University (2009)
  • Citation for Excellence in Refereeing, American Geophysical Union (2002)
  • Fellow, Geological Society of America (1997)
  • Fellow, American Geophysical Union (1990)
  • J.B. Macelwane Medal, American Geophysical Union (1990)
  • USGS Special Achievement Award, USGS (1984)

Boards, Advisory Committees, Professional Organizations


  • Invited Speaker, International Conference on Crustal Dynamics (Kyoto) (2019 - 2019)
  • Invited Speaker, Nagoya University (2019 - 2019)
  • Invited Speaker, University of Iceland (2018 - 2018)
  • Invited Speaker, UNAVCO Annual Meeting (2018 - 2018)
  • Keynote Speaker, Keynote Speaker NSF Workshop on Modeling Earthquake Source Processes (Caltech) (2018 - 2018)
  • Editor, PNAS (2017 - Present)
  • Thesis advisory committee member, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore (2017 - Present)
  • Invited Speaker, Davos workshop on Induced Seismicity (2017 - 2017)
  • Invited Speaker,, Univ. Illinois, Northwestern University (2017 - 2017)
  • Review Panel Member, US Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards (2017 - 2017)
  • Reviewer, National Academies report, Onshore Unconventional Hydrocarbon Development (2017 - 2017)
  • Tudor Commemorative Lecture, Indiana University (2017 - 2017)
  • Member, NAS Committee on Improving Understanding of Volcanic Eruptions (2016 - 2017)
  • International Review Committee, Earth Observatory Singapore (2016 - 2016)
  • Invited speaker, University of Leeds, University of Cambridge (2016 - 2016)
  • Lecturer, International Center for Theoretical Physics, Advanced School on Physics of Volcanoes, Trieste, Italy (2016 - 2016)
  • Solas Lecture, University of Bristol (2016 - 2016)
  • Advisory Board, COMET (2015 - Present)
  • Expert Adviser, NSF GEO Future Facility Needs (2015 - Present)
  • Invited Speaker, NSF Workshop on Seismic and Geodetic Network Needs (2015 - Present)
  • Invited Speaker, USGS Menlo Park (2015 - 2015)
  • Keynote Speaker, NSF Workshop “Future of the Plate Boundary Observatory” (2014 - 2014)
  • Chair, UNAVCO Nominating Committee (2013 - 2014)
  • Assessment Panel Member, U.K. National Centre of Earth Observation (2013 - 2013)
  • Invited Participant, USGS New Madrid Workshop (2013 - 2013)
  • Invited Speaker, Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (2013 - 2013)
  • Invited Speaker, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (2013 - 2013)
  • Invited Speaker, Oberlin College (2013 - 2013)
  • Member, NASA, Solid Earth and Natural Hazards, Science Plan Committee (2013 - 2013)
  • NSF Panel: Frontiers of Earth System Dynamics, NSF (2013 - 2013)
  • Earth and Ocean Sciences Colloquium,, University of British Columbia (2012 - 2012)
  • Keynote speaker, Chapman Conference on Hawaiian Volcanism. (2012 - 2012)
  • Chair Reid Medal Committee, Seismological Society of America (2011 - 2011)
  • Invited Speaker, Royal Society Workshop, Magma Migration, Storage and Eruption (2011 - 2011)
  • Invited Speaker, Invited Speaker - Univ. Colorado (2011 - 2011)
  • Invited Speaker, J.R. Rice Symposium Caltech (2011 - 2011)
  • Invited Speaker, University of Kyoto, Disaster Prevention Research Institute (2011 - 2011)
  • Invited speaker, USGS Workshop on Great Cascadia earthquakes, Eugene Oregon (2011 - 2011)
  • Keynote speaker, Seismic and aseismic deformation workshop, Strasbourg France (2011 - 2011)
  • Plenary speaker, Chapman Conference, The Galápagos as a Laboratory for the Earth Sciences, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador (2011 - 2011)
  • Invited Speaker, Earthscope Institute: Spectrum of Fault Slip Behavior (2010 - 2010)
  • Invited Speaker, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (2010 - 2010)
  • Discussion Leader, NSF Long Range Science Plan for Geodesy (2009 - 2009)
  • Invited Keynote Speaker, Earthscope National Meeting (2009 - 2009)
  • Invited Seminar, U.C. Berkeley (2009 - 2009)
  • Invited Speaker, Workshop on Numerical Modeling of Crustal Deformation and Earthquake Faulting (2009 - 2009)
  • Invited presentation, UC Santa Cruz (2009 - 2009)
  • Chair, U.C. Riverside IGPP External Review (2008 - 2008)
  • Invited Presentation, Caltech Geological and Planetary Sciences (2008 - 2008)
  • Invited Presentation, US Geological Survey (2008 - 2008)
  • Invited Presentation, Volcano Deformation Workshop (2008 - 2008)
  • NSF Long Range Planning for Seismology Workshop, NSF (2008 - 2008)
  • Review Panel, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (2008 - 2008)
  • Board of Directors, Southern California Earthquake Center (2007 - Present)
  • Invited Speaker, Euro-Conference - Rock Physics and Geomechanic (2007 - 2007)
  • Invited presentation, IGPP U. C. San Diego (2007 - 2007)
  • Invited presentation, Harvard University (2007 - 2007)
  • Invited presentation, SCEC/ERI Workshop (2006 - 2006)
  • USGS working group on National Volcano Early Warning System extramural program, USGS (2006 - 2006)
  • Donath Medal Committee, Geological Society of America (2005 - 2008)
  • 2005 Invited participant, Kavli Institute of Theoretical Physics "Fracture and friction from atomic to tectonic scales" (2005 - 2005)
  • Invited Participant, Dahlem Workshop "Dynamics of Fault Zones", Berlin (2005 - 2005)
  • Invited presentation, Purdue University (2005 - 2005)
  • Chair, Plate Boundary Observatory (Earthscope) Standing Committee (2003 - 2006)
  • President, Tectonophysics Section, AGU (2003 - 2004)
  • Coconvener, NSF/USGS sponsored workshop "volcanic processes in Long Valley Caldera - Mono Craters volcanic field", NSF/USGS (2003 - 2003)
  • Invited Presentation, U.C. Riverside (2003 - 2003)
  • Member, CEPEC, California Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council (2002 - 2009)
  • Department of Interior's Scientific Earthquake Advisory Committee, Department of Interior (2002 - 2006)
  • Invited Presentation, Academica Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (2002 - 2002)
  • Invited Seminar, University of Southern California (2002 - 2002)
  • Invited Seminar, I.G.P.P., Scripps Institute of Oceanography (2002 - 2002)
  • Board of Directors, UNAVCO, Inc. (2001 - 2003)
  • Invited Presentation, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (2001 - 2001)
  • Invited Presentation, Whole Earth Seminar, U.C. Santa Cruz (2001 - 2001)
  • Invited Presentation, Invited Presentation: E.G.S. Nice, France (2001 - 2001)
  • Invited presentation, University of Utah, Rate Debate Workshop (2001 - 2001)
  • Invited presentation, Caltech (2001 - 2001)
  • Board of Directors, UNAVCO (NSF GPS Facility) (2000 - 2003)
  • Member, American Geophysical Union Meetings Committee (2000 - 2002)
  • President Elect, American Geophysical Union, Tectonophysics Section (2000 - 2002)
  • Invited Presentation, Stress Interactions Workshop, Erice, Italy (2000 - 2001)
  • Invited Presentation, D.O.E. Workshop, Gaithersburg Md. (2000 - 2001)
  • Invited Presentation, Ecole Normale Superieur, Paris, France (2000 - 2001)
  • Invited Presentation, Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) Annual Meeting (2000 - 2001)
  • Invited Presentation, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France (2000 - 2001)
  • Invited Presentation, Observatoire du Midi Pyrenees, Tolouse, France (2000 - 2001)
  • Invited Presentation, 2nd Plate Boundary Observatory Workshop (2000 - 2001)
  • Invited Presentation, U.S.- Japan Conference on Earthquake Studies (2000 - 2001)
  • Invited Presentation:, Institute de Physique du Globe, Paris, France (2000 - 2001)
  • Invited Presentation: U.S.G.S. Workshop on New Madrid Earthquakes, USGS (2000 - 2001)
  • Member, UNAVCO (University Navstar Consortium) Steering Committee (2000 - 2001)
  • Member, CNRS review committee of Laboratoire de Tectonique-Mechanique de la Lithosphere, Institute de Physique du Globe, Paris (2000 - 2000)
  • Member, Plate Boundary Observatory Steering Committee (1999 - 2002)
  • Member, NAS Committee to review the Volcano Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (1999 - 2000)
  • Chair, UC Santa Cruz Tectonics Advisory Committee (1999 - 1999)
  • Invited presentations, Invited presentations: UCLA (1999 - 1999)
  • Invited presentations, GPS 99, Tsukuba, Japan (1999 - 1999)
  • Invited presentations, Stanford University Statistics Department (1999 - 1999)
  • Invited presentations, Plate Boundary Observatory Workshop, Snowbird, Utah (1999 - 1999)
  • Invited presentations, UNAVCO Annual Meeting (1999 - 1999)
  • Invited presentations, UNAVCO workshop on Volcano Deformation (1999 - 1999)
  • Invited presentations, AGU (Spring) Meeting (1999 - 1999)
  • Member, Southern California Integrated GPS Network Advisory Council (1998 - 2002)
  • Invited Symposium Presentation: Space-Based Geoscience Observations: Looking Down at the Future, University of Texas, Austin (1998 - 1998)
  • Invited lectures, IRIS Annual Meeting (1998 - 1998)
  • Invited lectures: Special Session Organizer and Presentation, SSA Annual Meeting (1998 - 1998)
  • NSF Review Panel, Instruments and Facilities, NSF (1997 - 2000)
  • Member, James B. Macelwane Medal Committee, American Geophysical Union (1996 - 1998)
  • Member, Science Advisory Team for Long Valley caldera, USGS (1994 - 2010)

Professional Education


  • Ph.D, Stanford University, Geology (1981)
  • M.S., Case Western Reserve University, Earth Sciences (1976)
  • B.S., Case Western Reserve University, Earth Sciences

Current Research and Scholarly Interests


Research
I study active earthquake and volcanic process through data collection, inversion, and theoretical modeling. Using methods such as precise Global Positioning System (GPS) positioning and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) we are able to measure deformation in space and time and invert these data for the geometry of faults and magma chambers, and spatiotemporal variations in fault slip-rate and magma chamber dilation. The accumulation of shear strain in tectonic regions provides a direct measure of earthquake potential. Similarly, magma accumulation in the crust prior to eruptions causes measurable inflation. We use these data to develop and test models of active plate boundaries such as the San Andreas, and the Cascade and Japanese subduction zones, the nucleation of earthquakes, slow slip events, induced seismicity, and the physics of magma migration leading to volcanic eruptions. These physics-based models rely on principles and methodologies from solid and fluid dynamics.

Teaching
I teach introductory undergraduate classes in natural hazards and the prediction of volcanic eruptions, as well as graduate level courses on modeling earthquake and volcano deformation and geophysical inverse theory.

Professional Activities
James B. Macelwane Medal, American Geophysical Union (1990); fellow, American Geophysical Union (1990); fellow, Geological Society of America (1997); president, Tectonophysics Section, AGU (2002-04); U.S.G.S. Science of Earthquakes Advisory Committee (2002-06); California Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Committee (2003-07); chair, Plate Boundary Observatory Steering Committee (2003-06); N.S.F. Panel, Instruments and Facilities Program (1997-2000); associate editor, Journal of Geophysical Research (1984-87). William Smith Lecturer, Geological Society of London (2011). Charles A. Whitten Medal, American Geophysical Union (2014), National Academy of Sciences (2016)

2023-24 Courses


Stanford Advisees


All Publications


  • Stress-driven recurrence and precursory moment-rate surge in caldera collapse earthquakes NATURE GEOSCIENCE Segall, P., Matthews, M. V., Shelly, D. R., Wang, T. A., Anderson, K. R. 2024
  • Ring fault creep drives volcano-tectonic seismicity during caldera collapse of Ki over bar lauea in 2018 EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS Wang, T. A., Segall, P., Hotovec-Ellis, A. J., Anderson, K. R., Cervelli, P. F. 2023; 618
  • Incorporating Full Elastodynamic Effects and Dipping Fault Geometries in Community Code Verification Exercises for Simulations of Earthquake Sequences and Aseismic Slip (SEAS) BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Erickson, B. A., Jiang, J., Lambert, V., Barbot, S. D., Abdelmeguid, M., Almquist, M., Ampuero, J., Ando, R., Cattania, C., Chen, A., Dal Zilio, L., Deng, S., Dunham, E. M., Elbanna, A. E., Gabriel, A., Harvey, T. W., Huang, Y., Kaneko, Y., Kozdon, J. E., Lapusta, N., Li, D., Li, M., Liang, C., Liu, Y., Ozawa, S., Perez-Silva, A., Pranger, C., Segall, P., Sun, Y., Thakur, P., Uphoff, C., van Dinther, Y., Yang, Y. 2023; 113 (2): 499-523

    View details for DOI 10.1785/0120220066

    View details for Web of Science ID 000968430000001

  • Disposal From In Situ Bitumen Recovery Induced the M-L 5.6 Peace River Earthquake GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Schultz, R., Woo, J., Pepin, K., Ellsworth, W. L., Zebkar, H., Segall, P., Gu, Y., Samsonov, S. 2023; 50 (6)
  • Could Kilauea's 2020 Post Caldera-Forming Eruption Have Been Anticipated? GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Segall, P., Anderson, K., Wang, T. A. 2022; 49 (15)
  • The Surface Deformation Signature of a Transcrustal, Crystal Mush-Dominant Magma System JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Mullet, B., Segall, P. 2022; 127 (5)
  • Physics-Based Model Reconciles Caldera Collapse Induced Static and Dynamic Ground Motion: Application to Kilauea 2018 GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Wang, T. A., Coppess, K. R., Segall, P., Dunham, E. M., Ellsworth, W. 2022; 49 (8)
  • Constraints on Absolute Magma Chamber Volume From Geodetic Measurements of Trapdoor Faulting at Sierra Negra Volcano, Galapagos GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Zheng, Y., Blackstone, L., Segall, P. 2022; 49 (5)
  • How Steady is Interseismic Crustal Deformation in Northeast Japan? Evidence From an Integrated Analysis of Centennial Geodetic Data JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Meneses-Gutierrez, A., Segall, P., Sagiya, T. 2022; 127 (2)
  • Repeating caldera collapse events constrain fault friction at the kilometer scale. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Segall, P., Anderson, K. 2021; 118 (30)

    Abstract

    Fault friction is central to understanding earthquakes, yet laboratory rock mechanics experiments are restricted to, at most, meter scale. Questions thus remain as to the applicability of measured frictional properties to faulting in situ. In particular, the slip-weakening distance [Formula: see text] strongly influences precursory slip during earthquake nucleation, but scales with fault roughness and is challenging to extrapolate to nature. The 2018 eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, caused 62 repeatable collapse events in which the summit caldera dropped several meters, accompanied by [Formula: see text] 4.7 to 5.4 very long period (VLP) earthquakes. Collapses were exceptionally well recorded by global positioning system (GPS) and tilt instruments and represent unique natural kilometer-scale friction experiments. We model a piston collapsing into a magma reservoir. Pressure at the piston base and shear stress on its margin, governed by rate and state friction, balance its weight. Downward motion of the piston compresses the underlying magma, driving flow to the eruption. Monte Carlo estimation of unknowns validates laboratory friction parameters at the kilometer scale, including the magnitude of steady-state velocity weakening. The absence of accelerating precollapse deformation constrains [Formula: see text] to be [Formula: see text] mm, potentially much less. These results support the use of laboratory friction laws and parameters for modeling earthquakes. We identify initial conditions and material and magma-system parameters that lead to episodic caldera collapse, revealing that small differences in eruptive vent elevation can lead to major differences in eruption volume and duration. Most historical basaltic caldera collapses were, at least partly, episodic, implying that the conditions for stick-slip derived here are commonly met in nature.

    View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.2101469118

    View details for PubMedID 34301896

  • Post-2018 Caldera Collapse Re-Inflation Uniquely Constrains Kilauea's Magmatic System JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Wang, T., Zheng, Y., Pulvirenti, F., Segall, P. 2021; 126 (6)
  • Precursory Slow Slip and Foreshocks on Rough Faults JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Cattania, C., Segall, P. 2021; 126 (4)
  • Joint Inversions of Ground Deformation, Extrusion Flux, and Gas Emissions Using Physics-Based Models for the Mount St. Helens 2004-2008 Eruption GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS Wong, Y., Segall, P. 2020; 21 (12)
  • Caldera Collapse Geometry Revealed by Near-Field GPS Displacements at Klauea Volcano in 2018 GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Segall, P., Anderson, K. R., Pulvirenti, F., Wang, T., Johanson, I. 2020; 47 (15)
  • Role of Fluid Injection on Earthquake Size in Dynamic Rupture Simulations on Rough Faults GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Maurer, J., Dunham, E. M., Segall, P. 2020; 47 (13)
  • The Community Code Verification Exercise for Simulating Sequences of Earthquakes and Aseismic Slip (SEAS) SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Erickson, B. A., Jiang, J., Barall, M., Lapusta, N., Dunham, E. M., Harris, R., Abrahams, L. S., Allison, K. L., Ampuero, J., Barbot, S., Cattania, C., Elbanna, A., Fialko, Y., Idini, B., Kozdon, J. E., Lambert, V., Liu, Y., Luo, Y., Ma, X., McKay, M., Segall, P., Shi, P., van den Ende, M., Wei, M. 2020; 91 (2): 874–90

    View details for DOI 10.1785/0220190248

    View details for Web of Science ID 000518383600030

  • Logarithmic Growth of Dikes Froma Depressurizing Magma Chamber GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Grossman-Ponemon, B. E., Heimisson, E. R., Lew, A. J., Segall, P. 2020; 47 (4)
  • Physically Consistent Modeling of Dike-Induced Deformation and Seismicity: Application to the 2014 Bar partial derivative arbunga Dike, Iceland JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Heimisson, E. R., Segall, P. 2020; 125 (2)
  • On the Integrated Surface Uplift for Dip-Slip Faults BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Segall, P., Heimisson, E. 2019; 109 (6): 2738–40

    View details for DOI 10.1785/0120190220

    View details for Web of Science ID 000499983200041

  • Numerical Analysis of Time-Dependent Conduit Magma Flow in Dome-Forming Eruptions With Application to Mount St. Helens 2004-2008 JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Wong, Y., Segall, P. 2019
  • Mechanics of Inflationary Deformation During Caldera Collapse: Evidence From the 2018 Kilauea Eruption GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Segall, P., Anderson, K. R., Johanson, I., Miklius, A. 2019
  • Magma chambers: what we can, and cannot, learn from volcano geodesy. Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Segall, P. 2019; 377 (2139): 20180158

    Abstract

    Geodetic observations on volcanoes can reveal important aspects of crustal magma chambers. The rate of decay of deformation with distance reflects the centroid depth of the chamber. The amplitude of the deformation is proportional to the product of the pressure change and volume of the reservoir. The ratio of horizontal to vertical displacement is sensitive to chamber shape: sills are efficient at generating vertical displacement, while stocks produce more horizontal deformation. Geodesy alone cannot constrain important parameters such as chamber volume or pressure; furthermore, kinematic models have no predictive power. Elastic response combined with influx proportional to pressure gradient predicts an exponentially decaying flux, leading to saw-tooth inflation cycles observed at some volcanoes. Yet many magmatic systems exhibit more complex temporal behaviour. Wall rock adjacent to magma reservoirs cannot behave fully elastically. Modern conceptual models of magma chambers also include cumulate and/or mush zones, with potentially multi-level melt lenses. A viscoelastic shell surrounding a spherical magma chamber significantly modifies the predicted time-dependent response; post-eruptive inflation can occur without recharge if the magma is sufficiently incompressible relative to the surrounding crust (Segall P. 2016 J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 121, 8501-8522). Numerical calculations confirm this behaviour for both oblate and prolate ellipsoidal chambers surrounded by viscoelastic aureoles. Interestingly, the response to a nearly instantaneous pressure drop during an explosive eruption can be non-monotonic as the rock around the chamber relaxes at different rates. Pressure-dependent recharge of a non-Newtonian magma in an elastic crust leads to an initially high rate of inflation which slows over time; behaviour that has been observed in some magmatic systems. I close by discussing future challenges in volcano geodesy. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Magma reservoir architecture and dynamics'.

    View details for DOI 10.1098/rsta.2018.0158

    View details for PubMedID 30966938

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6335483

  • Crack Models of Repeating Earthquakes Predict Observed Moment‐Recurrence Scaling Journal of Geophysical Research Cattania, C., Segall, P. 2019

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2018JB016056

  • Magma reservoir failure and the onset of caldera collapse at Kīlauea Volcano in 2018. Science (New York, N.Y.) Anderson, K. R., Johanson, I. A., Patrick, M. R., Gu, M. n., Segall, P. n., Poland, M. P., Montgomery-Brown, E. K., Miklius, A. n. 2019; 366 (6470)

    Abstract

    Caldera-forming eruptions are among Earth's most hazardous natural phenomena, yet the architecture of subcaldera magma reservoirs and the conditions that trigger collapse are poorly understood. Observations from the formation of a 0.8-cubic kilometer basaltic caldera at Kīlauea Volcano in 2018 included the draining of an active lava lake, which provided a window into pressure decrease in the reservoir. We show that failure began after <4% of magma was withdrawn from a shallow reservoir beneath the volcano's summit, reducing its internal pressure by ~17 megapascals. Several cubic kilometers of magma were stored in the reservoir, and only a fraction was withdrawn before the end of the eruption. Thus, caldera formation may begin after withdrawal of only small amounts of magma and may end before source reservoirs are completely evacuated.

    View details for DOI 10.1126/science.aaz1822

    View details for PubMedID 31806783

  • Bounding the Moment Deficit Rate on Crustal Faults Using Geodetic Data: Application to Southern California JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Maurer, J., Johnson, K., Segall, P. 2018; 123 (12): 11048–61
  • Magnitudes of Induced Earthquakes in Low-Stress Environments BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Maurer, J., Segall, P. 2018; 108 (3A): 1087–1106

    View details for DOI 10.1785/0120170295

    View details for Web of Science ID 000434167100005

  • Constitutive Law for Earthquake Production Based on Rate-and-State Friction: Dieterich 1994 Revisited JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Heimisson, E. R., Segall, P. 2018; 123 (5): 4141–56
  • Constraining the Magmatic System at Mount St. Helens (2004-2008) Using Bayesian Inversion With Physics-Based Models Including Gas Escape and Crystallization JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Wong, Y., Segall, P., Bradley, A., Anderson, K. 2017; 122 (10): 7789–7812
  • Deformation rates in northern Cascadia consistent with slow updip propagation of deep interseismic creep GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL Bruhat, L., Segall, P. 2017; 211 (1): 427–49

    View details for DOI 10.1093/gji/ggx317

    View details for Web of Science ID 000412270400028

  • A Physical Model for Interseismic Erosion of Locked Fault Asperities JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Mavrommatis, A. P., Segall, P., Johnson, K. M. 2017; 122 (10): 8326–46
  • Bounding the moment deficit rate on crustal faults using geodetic data: Methods JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Maurer, J., Segall, P., Bradley, A. M. 2017; 122 (8): 6811–35
  • Effects of linear trends on estimation of noise in GNSS position time-series GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL Dmitrieva, K., Segall, P., Bradley, A. M. 2017; 208 (1): 281-288

    View details for DOI 10.1093/gji/ggw391

    View details for Web of Science ID 000396814800022

  • Repressurization following eruption from amagma chamber with a viscoelastic aureole JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Segall, P. 2016; 121 (12): 8501-8522
  • Coupling on the northern Cascadia subduction zone from geodetic measurements and physics-based models JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Bruhat, L., Segall, P. 2016; 121 (11): 8297-8314
  • Seismicity on Basement Faults Induced by Simultaneous Fluid Injection-Extraction PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS Chang, K. W., Segall, P. 2016; 173 (8): 2621-2636
  • Injection-induced seismicity on basement faults including poroelastic stressing JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Chang, K. W., Segall, P. 2016; 121 (4): 2708-2726
  • A Network Inversion Filter combining GNSS and InSAR for tectonic slip modeling JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Bekaert, D. P., Segall, P., Wright, T. J., Hooper, A. J. 2016; 121 (3): 2069-2086
  • Small interseismic asperities and widespread aseismic creep on the northern Japan subduction interface GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Johnson, K. M., Mavrommatis, A., Segall, P. 2016; 43 (1): 135-143
  • Long-term acceleration of aseismic slip preceding the M-w 9 Tohoku-oki earthquake: Constraints from repeating earthquakes GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Mavrommatis, A. P., Segall, P., Uchida, N., Johnson, K. M. 2015; 42 (22): 9717-9725
  • Nucleation and dynamic rupture on weakly stressed faults sustained by thermal pressurization JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Schmitt, S. V., Segall, P., Dunham, E. M. 2015; 120 (11): 7606-7640
  • Injection-induced seismicity: Poroelastic and earthquake nucleation effects JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Segall, P., Lu, S. 2015; 120 (7): 5082-5103
  • Network-based estimation of time-dependent noise in GPS position time series JOURNAL OF GEODESY Dmitrieva, K., Segall, P., DeMets, C. 2015; 89 (6): 591-606
  • Network-based estimation of time-dependent noise in GPS position time series Journal of Geodesy Dmitrieva, K., Segall, P., DeMets, C. 2015; : 16
  • Injection Induced Seismicity: Poroelastic and Earthquake Nucleation Effects, Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth, in review Segall, P., Lu, S. 2015
  • The 2010 slow slip event and secular motion at Kilauea, Hawaii, inferred from TerraSAR-X InSAR data JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Chen, J., Zebker, H. A., Segall, P., Miklius, A. 2014; 119 (8): 6667-6683
  • A decadal-scale deformation transient prior to the 2011 M-w 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Mavrommatis, A. P., Segall, P., Johnson, K. M. 2014; 41 (13): 4486-4494
  • VOLCANOLOGY Look up for magma insights NATURE GEOSCIENCE Segall, P., Anderson, K. 2014; 7 (3): 168-169

    View details for DOI 10.1038/ngeo2064

    View details for Web of Science ID 000332088800006

  • Time-dependent modeling of slow slip events and associated seismicity and tremor at the Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Bartlow, N. M., Wallace, L. M., Beavan, R. J., Bannister, S., Segall, P. 2014; 119 (1): 734-753
  • Time-dependent dike propagation from joint inversion of seismicity and deformation data JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Segall, P., Llenos, A. L., Yun, S., Bradley, A. M., Syracuse, E. M. 2013; 118 (11): 5785-5804
  • Bayesian inversion of data from effusive volcanic eruptions using physics-based models: Application to Mount St. Helens 2004-2008 JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Anderson, K., Segall, P. 2013; 118 (5): 2017-2037

    View details for DOI 10.1002/jgrb.50169

    View details for Web of Science ID 000327299800024

  • Bayesian inversion of data from effusive volcanic eruptions using physics-based models: Application to Mount St. Helens, 2004-2008 Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth Anderson, K., Segall, P. 2013

    View details for DOI 10.1002/jgrb.50169

  • Volcano Deformation and Eruption Forecasting Remote Sensing of Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes Segall, P. Geol. Soc. London. 2013: 29p
  • Time-Dependent Dike Propagation From Joint Inversion of Seismicity and Deformation Data Journal of Geophysical Research Segall, P., Llenos, A. L., Yun, S., Bradley, A. M., Syracuse, E. M. 2013

    View details for DOI 10.1002/2013JB010251

  • Challenging the rate-state asperity model: Afterslip following the 2011 M9 Tohoku-oki, Japan, earthquake GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Johnson, K. M., Fukuda, J., Segall, P. 2012; 39
  • Slow-slip evolves into megathrust earthquakes in 2D numerical simulations GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Segall, P., Bradley, A. M. 2012; 39
  • Understanding Earthquakes SCIENCE Segall, P. 2012; 336 (6082): 676-677
  • The Role of Thermal Pressurization and Dilatancy in Controlling the Rate of Fault Slip JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME Segall, P., Bradley, A. M. 2012; 79 (3)

    View details for DOI 10.1115/1.4005896

    View details for Web of Science ID 000303261700014

  • Space-time correlation of slip and tremor during the 2009 Cascadia slow slip event GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Bartlow, N. M., Miyazaki, S., Bradley, A. M., Segall, P. 2011; 38
  • Physics-based models of ground deformation and extrusion rate at effusively erupting volcanoes JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Anderson, K., Segall, P. 2011; 116
  • Shear heating-induced thermal pressurization during earthquake nucleation JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Schmitt, S. V., Segall, P., Matsuzawa, T. 2011; 116
  • Spatiotemporal evolution of dike opening and decollement slip at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Montgomery-Brown, E. K., Sinnett, D. K., Larson, K. M., Poland, M. P., Segall, P., Miklius, A. 2011; 116
  • Seismic and aseismic fault slip before and during the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE Miyazaki, S., McGuire, J. J., Segall, P. 2011; 63 (7): 637-642
  • Ground deformation at effusively erupting volcanoes from physics-based models, I: Development and Analysis Journal of Geophysical Research Anderson, K., Segall, P. 2011; 116

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2010JB007939

  • Network strain filter: A new tool for monitoring and detecting transient deformation signals in GPS arrays JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Ohtani, R., McGuire, J. J., Segall, P. 2010; 115
  • Dilatant strengthening as a mechanism for slow slip events JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Segall, P., Rubin, A. M., Bradley, A. M., Rice, J. R. 2010; 115
  • Cyclic ground tilt associated with the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Anderson, K., Lisowski, M., Segall, P. 2010; 115
  • Geodetic evidence for en echelon dike emplacement and concurrent slow slip during the June 2007 intrusion and eruption at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Montgomery-Brown, E. K., Sinnett, D. K., Poland, M., Segall, P., Orr, T., Zebker, H., Miklius, A. 2010; 115
  • Earthquake and Volcano Deformation, 424, pp Segall, P. Princeton University Press. 2010
  • Spatio-temporal distribution dike opening and fault slip during the June 17-19, 2007 intrusion at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii Jour. Geophys. Res. Montgomery-Brown, E. K., Larson, K. M., Sinnett, D., Poland, M., Segall, P., Miklius, A. 2010; 115 (B07405)

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2009JB006658

  • Kilauea slow slip events: Identification, source inversions, and relation to seismicity JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Montgomery-Brown, E. K., Segall, P., Miklius, A. 2009; 114
  • A unified source model for the 1906 San Francisco earthquake BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Song, S. G., Beroza, G. C., Segall, P. 2008; 98 (2): 823-831

    View details for DOI 10.1785/0120060402

    View details for Web of Science ID 000254528000027

  • Magma compressibility and the missing source for some dike intrusions GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Rivalta, E., Segall, P. 2008; 35 (4)
  • Persistent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar for crustal deformation analysis, with application to Volcan Alcedo, Galapagos JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Hooper, A., Segall, P., Zebker, H. 2007; 112 (B7)
  • Interferogram formation in the presence of complex and large deformation GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Yun, S., Zebker, H., Segall, P., Hooper, A., Poland, M. 2007; 34 (12)
  • Stress control of deep rift intrusion at Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii SCIENCE Amelung, F., Yun, S., Walter, T. R., Segall, P., Kim, S. 2007; 316 (5827): 1026-1030

    Abstract

    Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii, deforms by a combination of shallow dike intrusions in the rift zones and earthquakes along the base of the volcano, but it is not known how the spreading is accommodated in the lower part of the volcanic edifice. We present evidence from interferometric synthetic aperture radar data for secular inflation of a dike-like magma body at intermediate depth in the southwest rift zone during 2002 to 2005. Magma accumulation occurred in a section of the rift zone that was unclamped by previous dikes and earthquakes, suggesting that stress transfer plays an important role in controlling subsurface magma accumulation.

    View details for DOI 10.1126/science.1140035

    View details for Web of Science ID 000246554000046

    View details for PubMedID 17510364

  • Temporal and spatial variations of post-seismic deformation following the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL Hsu, Y., Segall, P., Yu, S., Kuo, L., Williams, C. A. 2007; 169 (2): 367-379
  • Transient deformation following the 30 January 1997 dike intrusion at Kilauea volcano, Hawai'i BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY Desmarais, E. K., Segall, P. 2007; 69 (4): 353-363
  • Does shear heating of pore fluid contribute to earthquake nucleation? JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Segall, P., Rice, J. R. 2006; 111 (B9)
  • Earthquakes triggered by silent slip events on Kilauea volcano, Hawaii NATURE Segall, P., Desmarais, E. K., Shelly, D., Miklius, A., Cervelli, P. 2006; 442 (7098): 71-74

    Abstract

    Slow-slip events, or 'silent earthquakes', have recently been discovered in a number of subduction zones including the Nankai trough in Japan, Cascadia, and Guerrero in Mexico, but the depths of these events have been difficult to determine from surface deformation measurements. Although it is assumed that these silent earthquakes are located along the plate megathrust, this has not been proved. Slow slip in some subduction zones is associated with non-volcanic tremor, but tremor is difficult to locate and may be distributed over a broad depth range. Except for some events on the San Andreas fault, slow-slip events have not yet been associated with high-frequency earthquakes, which are easily located. Here we report on swarms of high-frequency earthquakes that accompany otherwise silent slips on Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii. For the most energetic event, in January 2005, the slow slip began before the increase in seismicity. The temporal evolution of earthquakes is well explained by increased stressing caused by slow slip, implying that the earthquakes are triggered. The earthquakes, located at depths of 7-8 km, constrain the slow slip to be at comparable depths, because they must fall in zones of positive Coulomb stress change. Triggered earthquakes accompanying slow-slip events elsewhere might go undetected if background seismicity rates are low. Detection of such events would help constrain the depth of slow slip, and could lead to a method for quantifying the increased hazard during slow-slip events, because triggered events have the potential to grow into destructive earthquakes.

    View details for DOI 10.1038/nature04938

    View details for Web of Science ID 000238724500038

    View details for PubMedID 16823451

  • Spatial and temporal evolution of stress and slip rate during the 2000 Tokai slow earthquake JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Miyazaki, S., Segall, P., McGuire, J. J., Kato, T., Hatanaka, Y. 2006; 111 (B3)
  • Constraints on magma chamber geometry at Sierra Negra Volcano, Galapagos Islands, based on InSAR observations JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH Yun, S., Segall, P., Zebker, H. 2006; 150 (1-3): 232-243
  • Kinematic and mechanical models of deformation in convergent plate boundary zones (In Revision following 2006 Review) Journal of Geophysical Research Johnson, K. M., Segall, P. 2006
  • Global Positioning System Measurements on the Island of Hawaii: 1997 through 2004 U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Miklius, A., Cervelli, P., Sako, M., Lisowsk, M., Owen, S., Segall, P., Foster, J., Kamibayashi, K., Brooks, B. U.S. Geological Survey. 2006
  • A viscoelastic earthquake cycle model for Taiwan JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Johnson, K. M., Segall, P., Yu, S. B. 2005; 110 (B10)
  • Spatiotemporal evolution of a transient slip event on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Murray, J. R., Segall, P. 2005; 110 (B9)
  • On merging high- and low-resolution DEMs from TOPSAR and SRTM using a prediction-error filter IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING Yun, S. H., Ji, J., Zebker, H., Segall, P. 2005; 43 (7): 1682-1690
  • A new method for measuring deformation on volcanoes and other natural terrains using InSAR persistent scatterers GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Hooper, A., Zebker, H., Segall, P., Kampes, B. 2004; 31 (23)
  • Viscoelastic earthquake cycle models with deep stress-driven creep along the San Andreas fault system JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Johnson, K. M., Segall, P. 2004; 109 (B10)
  • The interpretation of gravity changes and crustal deformation in active volcanic areas International Complutense Seminar on Geodetic and Geophysical Effects Associated with Seismic and Volcanic Hazards Battaglia, M., Segall, P. SPRINGER BASEL AG. 2004: 1453–67
  • Space time distribution of afterslip following the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake: Implications for variations in fault zone frictional properties GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Miyazaki, S., Segall, P., Fukuda, J., Kato, T. 2004; 31 (6)
  • Imaging the ramp-decollement geometry of the Chelungpu fault using coseismic GPS displacements from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake TECTONOPHYSICS Johnson, K. M., Segall, P. 2004; 378 (1-2): 123-139
  • Understanding a large silicic volcanic system: an interdisciplinary workshop on volcanic processes in Long Valley Caldera - Mono Craters volcanic field, Workshop report Eos Transactions of the American Geophysical Union Hill, D., Segall, P. 2004; 85 (23): 233

    View details for DOI 10.1029/2004EO230005

  • Imaging of aseismic fault slip transients recorded by dense geodetic networks GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL McGuire, J. J., Segall, P. 2003; 155 (3): 778-788
  • The mechanics of unrest at Long Valley caldera, California: 1. Modeling the geometry of the source using GPS, leveling and two-color EDM data JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH Battaglia, M., Segall, P., Murray, J., Cervell, P., Langbein, J. 2003; 127 (3-4): 195-217
  • The mechanics of unrest at Long Valley caldera, California. 2. Constraining the nature of the source using geodetic and micro-gravity data JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH Battaglia, M., Segall, P., Roberts, C. 2003; 127 (3-4): 219-245
  • When is the strain in the meter the same as the strain in the rock? GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Segall, P., Jonsson, S., Agustsson, K. 2003; 30 (19)
  • Post-earthquake ground movements correlated to pore-pressure transients NATURE Jonsson, S., Segall, P., Pedersen, R., Bjornsson, G. 2003; 424 (6945): 179-183

    Abstract

    Large earthquakes alter the stress in the surrounding crust, leading to triggered earthquakes and aftershocks. A number of time-dependent processes, including afterslip, pore-fluid flow and viscous relaxation of the lower crust and upper mantle, further modify the stress and pore pressure near the fault, and hence the tendency for triggered earthquakes. It has proved difficult, however, to distinguish between these processes on the basis of direct field observations, despite considerable effort. Here we present a unique combination of measurements consisting of satellite radar interferograms and water-level changes in geothermal wells following two magnitude-6.5 earthquakes in the south Iceland seismic zone. The deformation recorded in the interferograms cannot be explained by either afterslip or visco-elastic relaxation, but is consistent with rebound of a porous elastic material in the first 1-2 months following the earthquakes. This interpretation is confirmed by direct measurements which show rapid (1-2-month) recovery of the earthquake-induced water-level changes. In contrast, the duration of the aftershock sequence is projected to be approximately 3.5 years, suggesting that pore-fluid flow does not control aftershock duration. But because the surface strains are dominated by pore-pressure changes in the shallow crust, we cannot rule out a longer pore-pressure transient at the depth of the aftershocks. The aftershock duration is consistent with models of seismicity rate variations based on rate- and state-dependent friction laws.

    View details for DOI 10.1038/nature01776

    View details for Web of Science ID 000184032700038

    View details for PubMedID 12853953

  • A transient subduction zone slip episode in southwest Japan observed by the nationwide GPS array JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Miyazaki, S., McGuire, J. J., Segall, P. 2003; 108 (B2)
  • Lower crustal structure in northern California: Implications from strain rate variations following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Kenner, S. J., Segall, P. 2003; 108 (B1)
  • Imaging of aseismic slip transients recorded by dense geodetic networks Geophysical Journal International McGuire, J. J., Segall, P. 2003; 155
  • Injection induced stresses in geothermal fields Journal of Geophysical Research Mossop, A., Segall, P. 2003
  • Reconciling seismic and geodetic models of the 1989 Kilauea south flank earthquake GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Hooper, A., Segall, P., Johnson, K., Rubinstein, J. 2002; 29 (22)
  • Testing time-predictable earthquake recurrence by direct measurement of strain accumulation and release NATURE Murray, J., Segall, P. 2002; 419 (6904): 287-291

    Abstract

    Probabilistic estimates of earthquake hazard use various models for the temporal distribution of earthquakes, including the 'time-predictable' recurrence model formulated by Shimazaki and Nakata (which incorporates the concept of elastic rebound described as early as 1910 by H. F. Reid). This model states that an earthquake occurs when the fault recovers the stress relieved in the most recent earthquake. Unlike time-independent models (for example, Poisson probability), the time-predictable model is thought to encompass some of the physics behind the earthquake cycle, in that earthquake probability increases with time. The time-predictable model is therefore often preferred when adequate data are available, and it is incorporated in hazard predictions for many earthquake-prone regions, including northern California, southern California, New Zealand and Japan. Here we show that the model fails in what should be an ideal locale for its application -- Parkfield, California. We estimate rigorous bounds on the predicted recurrence time of the magnitude approximately 6 1966 Parkfield earthquake through inversion of geodetic measurements and we show that, according to the time-predictable model, another earthquake should have occurred by 1987. The model's poor performance in a relatively simple tectonic setting does not bode well for its successful application to the many areas of the world characterized by complex fault interactions.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000178056300042

    View details for PubMedID 12239564

  • Rapid afterslip following the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Hsu, Y. J., Bechor, N., Segall, P., Yu, S. B., Kuo, L. C., Ma, K. F. 2002; 29 (16)
  • The 12 September 1999 Upper East Rift Zone dike intrusion at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Cervelli, P., Segall, P., Amelung, F., Garbeil, H., Meertens, C., Owen, S., Miklius, A., Lisowski, M. 2002; 107 (B7)
  • Fault slip distribution of the 1999 M-w 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake, estimated from satellite radar and GPS measurements BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Jonsson, S., Zebker, H., Segall, P., Amelung, F. 2002; 92 (4): 1377-1389
  • Sudden aseismic fault slip on the south flank of Kilauea volcano NATURE Cervelli, P., Segall, P., Johnson, K., Lisowski, M., Miklius, A. 2002; 415 (6875): 1014-1018

    Abstract

    One of the greatest hazards associated with oceanic volcanoes is not volcanic in nature, but lies with the potential for catastrophic flank failure. Such flank failure can result in devastating tsunamis and threaten not only the immediate vicinity, but coastal cities along the entire rim of an ocean basin. Kilauea volcano on the island of Hawaii, USA, is a potential source of such flank failures and has therefore been monitored by a network of continuously recording geodetic instruments, including global positioning system (GPS) receivers, tilt meters and strain meters. Here we report that, in early November 2000, this network recorded transient southeastward displacements, which we interpret as an episode of aseismic fault slip. The duration of the event was about 36 hours, it had an equivalent moment magnitude of 5.7 and a maximum slip velocity of about 6[?]cm per day. Inversion of the GPS data reveals a shallow-dipping thrust fault at a depth of 4.5[?]km that we interpret as the down-dip extension of the Hilina Pali--Holei Pali normal fault system. This demonstrates that continuously recording geodetic networks can detect accelerating slip, potentially leading to warnings of volcanic flank collapse.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000174075000042

    View details for PubMedID 11875566

  • Time-dependent distributed afterslip on and deep below the Izmit earthquake rupture BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Burgmann, R., Ergintav, S., Segall, P., Hearn, E. H., McClusky, S., Reilinger, R. E., Woith, H., Zschau, J. 2002; 92 (1): 126-137
  • Integrating geologic and geodetic estimates of slip rate on the San Andreas fault system INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW Segall, P. 2002; 44 (1): 62-82
  • Modeling broadscale deformation in northern California and Nevada from plate motions and elastic strain accumulation GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Murray, M. H., Segall, P. 2001; 28 (22): 4315-4318
  • Constraints on dike propagation from continuous GPS measurements JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Segall, P., Cervelli, P., Owen, S., Lisowski, M., Miklius, A. 2001; 106 (B9): 19301-19317
  • Volcano monitoring using the Global Positioning System: Filtering strategies JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Larson, K. M., Cervelli, P., Lisowski, M., Miklius, A., Segall, P., Owen, S. 2001; 106 (B9): 19453-19464
  • Estimating source parameters from deformation data, with an application to the March 1997 earthquake swarm off the Izu Peninsula, Japan JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Cervelli, P., Murray, M. H., Segall, P., Aoki, Y., Kato, T. 2001; 106 (B6): 11217-11237
  • Fault geometry and slip distribution of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake imaged from inversion of GPS data GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Johnson, K. M., Hsu, Y. J., Segall, P., Yu, S. B. 2001; 28 (11): 2285-2288
  • Inversion of GPS data for spatially variable slip-rate on the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, CA GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Murray, J. R., Segall, P., Cervelli, P., Prescott, W., Svarc, J. 2001; 28 (2): 359-362
  • Widespread uplift and 'trapdoor' faulting on Galapagos volcanoes observed with radar interferometry NATURE Amelung, F., Jonsson, S., Zebker, H., Segall, P. 2000; 407 (6807): 993-996

    Abstract

    Volcanic uplift, caused by the accumulation of magma in subsurface reservoirs, is a common precursor to eruptions. But, for some volcanoes, uplift of metres or more has not yet led to an eruption. Here we present displacement maps of volcanoes in the Galápagos Islands, constructed using satellite radar interferometry, that might help explain this dichotomy. We show that all but one of the seven volcanoes on the islands of Isabela and Fernandina deformed during 1992-99. Cerro Azul and Fernandina erupted during the observation period and show evidence of inflation, co-eruptive deflation and shallow dyke intrusion. In contrast, the largest volcano, Sierra Negra, has not erupted, yet exhibits spatially and temporally variable deformation, with a maximum uplift of 2.7 m between 1992 and 1999, which can be modelled by a shallow inflating sill. Inflation during 1997-98, however, was accompanied by 'trapdoor' faulting on a steeply dipping fracture system within the caldera. Repeated trapdoor faulting over geological time has formed an arcuate intra-caldera ridge within Sierra Negra and may have acted to relax stresses above the magma chamber, inhibiting summit eruptions. Similar processes may help explain large uplift unaccompanied by eruptive activity at other volcanoes.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000090032500040

    View details for PubMedID 11069176

  • Ground deformation near Gada 'Ale Volcano, Afar, observed by Radar Interferometry GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Amelung, F., Oppenheimer, C., Segall, P., Zebker, H. 2000; 27 (19): 3093-3096
  • A mechanical model for intraplate earthquakes: Application to the New Madrid Seismic Zone SCIENCE Kenner, S. J., Segall, P. 2000; 289 (5488): 2329-2332
  • January 30, 1997 eruptive event on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, as monitored by continuous GPS GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Owen, S., Segall, P., Lisowski, M., Miklius, A., Murray, M., Bevis, M., Foster, J. 2000; 27 (17): 2757-2760
  • Rapid deformation of Kilauea Volcano: Global positioning system measurements between 1990 and 1996 JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Owen, S., Segall, P., Lisowski, M., Miklius, A., Denlinger, R., Sako, M. 2000; 105 (B8): 18983-18998
  • Postseismic deformation following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Kenner, S. J., Segall, P. 2000; 105 (B6): 13195-13209
  • Time-dependent triggered afterslip following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Segall, P., Burgmann, R., Matthews, M. 2000; 105 (B3): 5615-5634
  • The rapid deformation of Kilauea volcano: GPS measurements between 1990 and 1996 Journal of Geophysical Research Owen, S., Segall, P., Lisowski, M., Miklius, A., Denlinger, R., Sako, M. 2000; 105: 18, 983-998
  • Volume strain within The Geysers geothermal field JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Mossop, A., Segall, P. 1999; 104 (B12): 29113-29131
  • Imaging magma transport during the 1997 seismic swarm off the Izu Peninsula, Japan SCIENCE Aoki, Y., Segall, P., Kato, T., Cervelli, P., Shimada, S. 1999; 286 (5441): 927-930
  • Dislocations in inhomogeneous media via a moduli perturbation approach: General formulation and two-dimensional solutions (vol 99, pg 13767, 1994) JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Cervelli, P., Kenner, S., Segall, P. 1999; 104 (B10): 23271-23277
  • Magma intrusion beneath Long Valley caldera confirmed by temporal changes in gravity SCIENCE Battaglia, M., Roberts, C., Segall, P. 1999; 285 (5436): 2119-2122
  • A shallow-dipping dike fed the 1995 flank eruption at Fernandina Volcano, Galapagos, observed by satellite radar interferometry GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Jonsson, S., Zebker, K., Cervelli, P., Segall, P., Garbeil, H., Mouginis-Mark, P., Rowland, S. 1999; 26 (8): 1077-1080
  • Kinematics of the Pacific North America plate boundary zone, northern California JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Freymueller, J. T., Murray, M. H., Segall, P., CASTILLO, D. 1999; 104 (B4): 7419-7441
  • Time-dependence of the stress shadowing effect and its relation to the structure of the lower crust GEOLOGY Kenner, S., Segall, P. 1999; 27 (2): 119-122
  • Corrrection to "Dislocations in inhomogeneous media via a multi-perturbation approach: general formulation and 2-D solutions" by Y. Du, P. Segall and H. Gao J. Geophys. Res. Cervelli, P., Kenner, S., Segall, P. 1999; 101: 23271-23277
  • Joint estimation of afterslip rate and postseismic relaxation following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Pollitz, F. F., Burgmann, R., Segall, P. 1998; 103 (B11): 26975-26992
  • A note on induced stress changes in hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs IASPEI Symposium on New Trends in Seismological Research - Studies of Seismicity Induced by Mining, Petroleum and Geothermal Activities at the IUGG Meeting Segall, P., Fitzgerald, S. D. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 1998: 117–28
  • Time dependent inversion of geodetic data JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Segall, P., Matthews, M. 1997; 102 (B10): 22391-22409
  • Quasi-static dislocations in three dimensional inhomogeneous media GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Du, Y. J., Segall, P., Gao, H. J. 1997; 24 (18): 2347-2350
  • Subsidence at The Geysers geothermal field, N California from a comparison of GPS and leveling surveys GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Mossop, A., Segall, P. 1997; 24 (14): 1839-1842
  • Seismology - New insights into old earthquakes NATURE Segall, P. 1997; 388 (6638): 122-123
  • Postseismic strain following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake from GPS and leveling measurements JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Burgmann, R., Segall, P., Lisowski, M., Svarc, J. 1997; 102 (B3): 4933-4955
  • GPS applications for geodynamics and earthquake studies ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES Segall, P., Davis, J. L. 1997; 25: 301-336
  • The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake imaged from inversion of geodetic data - Reply JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Arnadottir, T., Segall, P. 1996; 101 (B9): 20137-20140
  • Earthquakes: Slow down for safety NATURE Segall, P. 1996; 383 (6595): 21-22
  • Slip in the 1868 Hayward earthquake from the analysis of historical triangulation data JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Yu, E., Segall, P. 1996; 101 (B7): 16101-16118
  • DILATANCY, COMPACTION, AND SLIP INSTABILITY OF A FLUID-INFILTRATED FAULT JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Segall, P., Rice, J. R. 1995; 100 (B11): 22155-22171
  • RAPID DEFORMATION OF THE SOUTH FLANK OF KILAUEA VOLCANO, HAWAII SCIENCE Owen, S., Segall, P., Freymueller, J., Miklius, A., Denlinger, R., Arnadottir, T., Sako, M., Burgmann, R. 1995; 267 (5202): 1328-1332

    Abstract

    The south flank of Kilauea volcano has experienced two large [magnitude (M) 7.2 and M 6.1] earthquakes in the past two decades. Global Positioning System measurements conducted between 1990 and 1993 reveal seaward displacements of Kilauea's central south flank at rates of up to about 10 centimeters per year. In contrast, the northern side of the volcano and the distal ends of the south flank did not displace significantly. The observations can be explained by slip on a low-angle fault beneath the south flank combined with dilation deep within Kilauea's rift system, both at rates of at least 15 centimeters per year.

    View details for Web of Science ID A1995QK06800039

    View details for PubMedID 17812606

  • THE 1989 LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE IMAGED FROM INVERSION OF GEODETIC DATA JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Arnadottir, T., Segall, P. 1994; 99 (B11): 21835-21855
  • POROELASTIC STRESSING AND INDUCED SEISMICITY NEAR THE LACQ GAS-FIELD, SOUTHWESTERN FRANCE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Segall, P., Grasso, J. R., Mossop, A. 1994; 99 (B8): 15423-15438
  • DISLOCATIONS IN INHOMOGENEOUS-MEDIA VIA A MODULI PERTURBATION APPROACH - GENERAL FORMULATION AND 2-DIMENSIONAL SOLUTIONS JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Du, Y. J., Segall, P., Gao, H. J. 1994; 99 (B7): 13767-13779
  • THE COSEISMIC SLIP DISTRIBUTION OF THE LANDERS EARTHQUAKE BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Freymueller, J., King, N. E., Segall, P. 1994; 84 (3): 646-659
  • ESTIMATION OF DEPTH-DEPENDENT FAULT SLIP FROM MEASURED SURFACE DEFORMATION WITH APPLICATION TO THE 1906 SAN-FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Matthews, M. V., Segall, P. 1993; 98 (B7): 12153-12163
  • COSEISMIC DEFORMATION AND DISLOCATION MODELS OF THE 1989 LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE DERIVED FROM GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Williams, C. R., Arnadottir, T., Segall, P. 1993; 98 (B3): 4567-4578
  • HOW SIMILAR WERE THE 1934 AND 1966 PARKFIELD EARTHQUAKES JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH Segall, P., Du, Y. J. 1993; 98 (B3): 4527-4538
  • RAPID INTRAPLATE STRAIN ACCUMULATION IN THE NEW MADRID SEISMIC ZONE SCIENCE Liu, L. B., Zoback, M. D., Segall, P. 1992; 257 (5077): 1666-1669

    Abstract

    Remeasurement of a triangulation network in the southern part of the New Madrid seismic zone with the Global Positioning System has revealed rapid crustal strain accumulation since the 1950s. This area experienced three large (moment magnitudes >8) earthquakes in 1811 to 1812. The orientation and sense of shear is consistent with right-lateral strike slip motion along a northeast-trending fault zone (as indicated by current seismicity). Detection of crustal strain accumulation may be a useful discriminant for identifying areas where potentially damaging intraplate earthquakes may occur despite the absence of large earthquakes during historic time.

    View details for Web of Science ID A1992JN50100026

    View details for PubMedID 17841164

  • COMPARISON OF VARIOUS INVERSION TECHNIQUES AS APPLIED TO THE DETERMINATION OF A GEOPHYSICAL DEFORMATION MODEL FOR THE 1983 BORAH PEAK EARTHQUAKE BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Du, Y. J., Aydin, A., Segall, P. 1992; 82 (4): 1840-1866
  • INDUCED STRESSES DUE TO FLUID EXTRACTION FROM AXISYMMETRICAL RESERVOIRS WORKSHOP ON INDUCED SEISMICITY, AS PART OF THE 33RD US ROCK MECHANICS SYMP Segall, P. BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG. 1992: 535–60
  • A FAULT MODEL FOR THE 1989 KILAUEA SOUTH FLANK EARTHQUAKE FROM LEVELING AND SEISMIC DATA GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Arnadottir, T., Segall, P., Delaney, P. 1991; 18 (12): 2217-2220
  • FAULT MECHANICS REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS Segall, P. 1991; 29: 864-876
  • LATE CRETACEOUS AGE OF FRACTURES IN THE SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH, CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY Segall, P., MCKEE, E. H., Martel, S. J., Turrin, B. D. 1990; 18 (12): 1248-1251
  • SURFACE DISPLACEMENTS IN THE 1906 SAN-FRANCISCO AND 1989 LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKES SCIENCE Segall, P., Lisowski, M. 1990; 250 (4985): 1241-1244

    Abstract

    The horizontal displacements accompanying the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake are computed from geodetic survey measurements. The 1906 earthquake displacement field is entirely consistent with right-lateral strike slip on the San Andreas fault. In contrast, the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake exhibited subequal components of strike slip and reverse faulting. This result, together with other seismic and geologic data, may indicate that the two earthquakes occurred on two different fault planes.

    View details for Web of Science ID A1990EK72300032

    View details for PubMedID 17829210

  • EARTHQUAKES TRIGGERED BY FLUID EXTRACTION GEOLOGY Segall, P. 1989; 17 (10): 942-946
  • DISPLACEMENT CALCULATIONS FROM GEODETIC DATA AND THE TESTING OF GEOPHYSICAL DEFORMATION MODELS JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS Segall, P., Matthews, M. V. 1988; 93 (B12): 14954-14966
  • DEVELOPMENT OF SIMPLE STRIKE-SLIP-FAULT ZONES, MOUNT ABBOT QUADRANGLE, SIERRA-NEVADA, CALIFORNIA GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN Martel, S. J., Pollard, D. D., Segall, P. 1988; 100 (9): 1451-1465
  • GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS NEAR PARKFIELD, CALIFORNIA, 1959-1984 JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH AND PLANETS King, N. E., Segall, P., Prescott, W. 1987; 92 (B3): 2747-2766
  • NUCLEATION AND GROWTH OF STRIKE SLIP FAULTS IN GRANITE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH Segall, P., Pollard, D. D. 1983; 88 (NB1): 555-568
  • JOINT FORMATION IN GRANITIC ROCK OF THE SIERRA-NEVADA GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN Segall, P., Pollard, D. D. 1983; 94 (5): 563-575
  • FORMATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DILATANT ECHELON CRACKS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN Pollard, D. D., Segall, P., Delaney, P. T. 1982; 93 (12): 1291-1303
  • MECHANICS OF DISCONTINUOUS FAULTS JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH Segall, P., Pollard, D. D. 1980; 85 (NB8): 4337-4350