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  • Biofunctionalized polymer semiconductors toward soft and stretchable transistor-based biosensors. Science advances Zhao, C., Liu, Q., Chang, J. Y., Patil, A., Michalek, L., Wu, Y., Yuan, Y., Mow, R. K., Shi, Y., Yao, Y., Hsu, K. J., Zheng, Y., Bao, Z. 2026; 12 (23): eaec2641

    Abstract

    Organic materials with tunable chemical and mechanical properties are ideal for interfacing with skin and tissue in biomedical applications. While polymer semiconductors (PSCs) have advanced toward skin-like mechanical performance, the limited capacity for biofunctionalization has restricted their biosensing applications. In this study, we introduce a direct biofunctionalization strategy for PSCs based on thiol-ene chemistry. We selectively grafted thiolated biomolecules (e.g., aptamers) onto elastomeric domains within an interconnected semiconductor/elastomer network. This approach enables high-resolution patterning down to 10 micrometers while preserving the electronic performance of PSCs. Leveraging this platform, we designed and fabricated skin-like electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors with biofunctionalized channels. These soft and stretchable devices exhibit stable operation in physiological buffers for more than 50 days and maintain performance under up to 50% strain. When functionalized with cortisol-binding aptamers, the sensors achieved sensitive detection across physiologically relevant concentrations, down to the picomolar range. This work establishes a foundation for integrating stretchable and biofunctional PSCs into skin-like wearable devices.

    View details for DOI 10.1126/sciadv.aec2641

    View details for PubMedID 42247494

  • Intrinsically stretchable complementary circuits based on direct photo-patternable polymer semiconductors NATURE ELECTRONICS Liu, Q., Zheng, Y., Wu, H., Michalek, L., Ronchini, M., Mow, R. K., Wang, W., Park, H., Ji, X., Yu, Z., Yao, Z., Nishio, Y., Zhao, C., Pei, J., Bao, Z. 2026

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s41928-026-01599-z

    View details for Web of Science ID 001740770400001

  • Skin-like drift-free biosensors with stretchable diode-connected organic field-effect transistors NATURE ELECTRONICS Zhao, C., Park, J., Maula, D., Yuan, Y., Zhong, D., Wang, W., Liu, Q., Xu, C., Zheng, Y., Mow, R. K., Jiang, Y., Xu, C., Lyu, H., Michalek, L., Berman, A., Jiang, Y., Wei, S., Zhu, C., Wu, C., Abramson, A., Kim, E., Ji, X., Yu, Z., Shi, J., Khatib, M., Shi, B., Bao, Z. 2025

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s41928-025-01465-4

    View details for Web of Science ID 001586240900001