Rebecca M. Gardner

All Publications

• Behavioral health support for health care workers during COVID-19: An observational study of a remote mindfulness intervention JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH Juarez-Reyes, M., Less, J., Gardner, R. M., Dahlen, A., Blacker, A. 2024

  View details for DOI 10.1080/15555240.2024.2357692

  View details for Web of Science ID 001271390600001

• Measuring quality-of-care in treatment of young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using pre-trained language models. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA Pillai, M., Posada, J., Gardner, R. M., Hernandez-Boussard, T., Bannett, Y. 2024

  Abstract

  To measure pediatrician adherence to evidence-based guidelines in the treatment of young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a diverse healthcare system using natural language processing (NLP) techniques.We extracted structured and free-text data from electronic health records (EHRs) of all office visits (2015-2019) of children aged 4-6 years in a community-based primary healthcare network in California, who had ≥1 visits with an ICD-10 diagnosis of ADHD. Two pediatricians annotated clinical notes of the first ADHD visit for 423 patients. Inter-annotator agreement (IAA) was assessed for the recommendation for the first-line behavioral treatment (F-measure = 0.89). Four pre-trained language models, including BioClinical Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BioClinicalBERT), were used to identify behavioral treatment recommendations using a 70/30 train/test split. For temporal validation, we deployed BioClinicalBERT on 1,020 unannotated notes from other ADHD visits and well-care visits; all positively classified notes (n = 53) and 5% of negatively classified notes (n = 50) were manually reviewed.Of 423 patients, 313 (74%) were male; 298 (70%) were privately insured; 138 (33%) were White; 61 (14%) were Hispanic. The BioClinicalBERT model trained on the first ADHD visits achieved F1 = 0.76, precision = 0.81, recall = 0.72, and AUC = 0.81 [0.72-0.89]. Temporal validation achieved F1 = 0.77, precision = 0.68, and recall = 0.88. Fairness analysis revealed low model performance in publicly insured patients (F1 = 0.53).Deploying pre-trained language models on a variable set of clinical notes accurately captured pediatrician adherence to guidelines in the treatment of children with ADHD. Validating this approach in other patient populations is needed to achieve equitable measurement of quality of care at scale and improve clinical care for mental health conditions.

  View details for DOI 10.1093/jamia/ocae001

  View details for PubMedID 38244997

• Anxiety and Depression Treatment in Primary Care Pediatrics. Pediatrics Lester, T. R., Herrmann, J. E., Bannett, Y., Gardner, R. M., Feldman, H. M., Huffman, L. C. 2023

  Abstract

  Primary care pediatricians (PCP) are often called on to manage child and adolescent anxiety and depression. The objective of this study was to describe PCP care practices around prescription of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) for patients with anxiety and/or depression by using medical record review.We identified 1685 patients who had at least 1 visit with a diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression in a large primary care network and were prescribed an SSRI by a network PCP. We randomly selected 110 for chart review. We reviewed the visit when the SSRI was first prescribed (medication visit), immediately previous visit, and immediately subsequent visit. We abstracted rationale for prescribing medication, subspecialist involvement, referral for psychotherapy, and medication monitoring practices.At the medication visit, in 82% (n = 90) of cases, PCPs documented reasons for starting an SSRI, most commonly clinical change (57%, n = 63). Thirty percent (n = 33) of patients had documented involvement of developmental-behavioral pediatrics or psychiatry subspecialists at 1 of the 3 visits reviewed. Thirty-three percent (n = 37) were referred to unspecified psychotherapy; 4% (n = 4) were referred specifically for cognitive behavioral therapy. Of 69 patients with a subsequent visit, 48% (n = 33) had documentation of monitoring for side effects.When prescribing SSRIs for children with anxiety and/or depression, PCPs in this network documented appropriate indications for starting medication and prescribed without subspecialist involvement. Continuing medical education for PCPs who care for children with these conditions should include information about evidence-based psychotherapy and strategies for monitoring potential side effects.

  View details for DOI 10.1542/peds.2022-058846

  View details for PubMedID 37066669

• Detection of Speech-Language Delay in the Primary Care Setting: An Electronic Health Record Investigation. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP Frelinger, C., Gardner, R. M., Huffman, L. C., Whitgob, E. E., Feldman, H. M., Bannett, Y. 2023; 44 (3): e196-e203

  Abstract

  The purpose of this study is to determine the rate and age at first identification of speech-language delay in relation to child sociodemographic variables among a pediatric primary care network.We analyzed a deidentified data set of electronic health records of children aged 1- to 5-years-old seen between 2015 and 2019 at 10 practices of a community-based pediatric primary health care network. Primary outcomes were numbers (proportions) of patients with relevant ICD-10 visit-diagnosis codes and patient age (months) at first documentation of speech-language delay. Regression models estimated associations between outcomes and patient characteristics, adjusting for practice affiliation.Of 14,559 included patients, 2063 (14.1%) had speech-language delay: 68.4% males, 74.4% with private insurance, and 96.1% with English as a primary household language. Most patients (60%) were first identified at the 18- or 24-month well-child visit. The mean age at first documentation was 25.4 months (SD = 9.3), which did not differ between practices reporting the use of standardized developmental screener and those using surveillance questionnaires. Regression models showed that males were more than twice as likely than females to be identified with speech-language delay (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.05, 95% CI: [1.86-2.25]); publicly insured were more likely than privately insured patients to be identified with speech-language delay (aOR = 1.48, 95% CI: [1.30-1.68]). Females were older than males at first identification (+1.2 months, 95% CI: [0.3-2.1]); privately insured were older than military insured patients (private +3.3 months, 95% CI: [2.2-4.4]).Pediatricians in this network identified speech-language delays at similar rates to national prevalence. Further investigation is needed to understand differences in speech-language delay detection across patient subgroups in practices that use developmental screening and/or surveillance.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/DBP.0000000000001167

  View details for PubMedID 36978234

• Elevated body mass index in modified natural cycle frozen euploid embryo transfers is not associated with live birth rate. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics Beshar, I., Milki, A. A., Gardner, R. M., Zhang, W. Y., Johal, J. K., Bavan, B. 2023

  Abstract

  To assess the impact of elevated BMI on the success of modified natural cycle frozen embryo transfers (mNC-FET) of euploid embryos.This retrospective cohort study at a single academic institution reviewed mNC-FET involving single euploid blastocysts from 2016 to 2020. Comparison groups were divided by pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) category: normal weight (18.5-24.9), overweight (25-29.9) or obese (≥ 30). Underweight BMI (< 18.5) was excluded from the analysis. The primary outcome was live birth rate (LBR) and secondary outcome was clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), defined as presence of fetal cardiac activity on ultrasound. Absolute standardized differences (ASD) were calculated to compare descriptive variables and p-values and multivariable logistic regressions with generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to compare pregnancy outcomes.562 mNC-FET cycles were completed in 425 patients over the study period. Overall, there were 316 transfers performed in normal weight patients, 165 in overweight patients, and 81 in obese weight patients. There was no statistically significant difference in LBR across all BMI categories (55.4% normal weight, 61.2% overweight, and 64.2% obese). There was also no difference for the secondary outcome, CPR, across all categories (58.5%, 65.5%, and 66.7%, respectively). This was confirmed in GEE analysis when adjusting for confounders.While increased weight has commonly been implicated in poor pregnancy outcomes, the effect of BMI on the success of mNC-FET remains debated. Across five years of data from a single institution using euploid embryos in mNC-FET cycles, elevated BMI was not associated with reduced LBR or CPR.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10815-023-02787-y

  View details for PubMedID 37000344

  View details for PubMedCentralID 5845358

• Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of letrozole versus natural cycle frozen embryo transfer of autologous euploid blastocyst. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics Zhang, W. Y., Gardner, R. M., Johal, J. K., Beshar, I. E., Bavan, B., Milki, A. A., Lathi, R. B., Aghajanova, L. 2023

  Abstract

  To investigate the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of letrozole-stimulated frozen embryo transfer (LTZ-FET) cycles compared with natural FET cycles (NC-FET).Our retrospective cohort included all LTZ-FET (n = 161) and NC-FET (n = 575) cycles that transferred a single euploid autologous blastocyst from 2016 to 2020 at Stanford Fertility Center. The LTZ-FET protocol entailed 5 mg of daily letrozole for 5 days starting on cycle day 2 or 3. Outcomes were compared using absolute standardized differences (ASD), in which a larger ASD signifies a larger difference. Multivariable regression models adjusted for confounders: maternal age, BMI, nulliparity, embryo grade, race, infertility diagnosis, and endometrial thickness.The demographic and clinical characteristics were overall similar. A greater proportion of the letrozole cohort was multiparous, transferred high-graded embryos, and had ovulatory dysfunction. The cohorts had similar pregnancy rates (67.1% LTZ vs 62.1% NC; aOR 1.31, P = 0.21) and live birth rates (60.9% LTZ vs 58.6% NC; aOR 1.17, P = 0.46). LTZ-FET neonates on average were born 5.7 days earlier (P < 0.001) and had higher prevalence of prematurity (18.6% vs. 8.0%NC, ASD = 0.32) and low birth weight (10.4% vs. 5.0%, ASD = 0.20). Both cohorts' median gestational ages (38 weeks and 1 day for LTZ; 39 weeks and 0 day for NC) were full term.There were similar rates of pregnancy and live birth between LTZ-FET and NC-FET cycles. However, there was a higher prevalence of prematurity and low birth weight among LTZ-FET neonates. Reassuringly, the median gestational age in both cohorts was full term, and while the difference in gestational length of almost 6 days does not appear to be clinically significant, this warrants larger studies.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10815-023-02759-2

  View details for PubMedID 36849755

  View details for PubMedCentralID 8417182

• Digital Antibiotic Allergy Decision Support Tool Improves Management of Beta Lactam Allergies. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice Dunham, T. B., Gardner, R. M., Lippner, E. A., Fasani, D. E., Moir, E., Halpern-Felsher, B., Sundaram, V., Liu, A. Y. 2023

  Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Frontline providers frequently make time-sensitive antibiotic choices, but many feel poorly equipped to handle antibiotic allergies.OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that a digital decision support tool could improve antibiotic selection and confidence when managing beta lactam allergies.METHODS: A digital decision support tool was designed to guide non-allergist providers in management of patients with beta lactam allergy labels. Non-allergists were asked to make decisions in clinical test cases without, then with, the tool. These decisions were compared using paired t-tests. Users also completed surveys assessing their confidence in managing antibiotic allergies.RESULTS: The tool's algorithm was validated by confirming its recommendations aligned with that of five allergists. Non-allergist providers (n=102) made antibiotic management decisions in test cases, both with and without the tool. Use of the tool increased the proportion of correct decisions from 0.41 to 0.67, a difference of 0.26 (95% CI: 0.22-0.30, p<0.001). Users were more likely to give full-dose antibiotics in low-risk situations, give challenge doses in medium-risk situations, and avoid the antibiotic and/or consult Allergy in high-risk situations. Ninety-eight (96%) users said the tool would increase their confidence when choosing antibiotics for patients with allergies.CONCLUSION: A point-of-care clinical decision tool provides allergist-designed guidance to non-allergists and is a scalable system for addressing antibiotic allergies, irrespective of allergist availability. This tool encouraged appropriate antibiotic use in low- and medium-risk situations and increased caution in high-risk situations. A digital support tool should be considered in quality improvement and antibiotic stewardship efforts.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.01.026

  View details for PubMedID 36736957

• Primary Care Pediatricians Prescribing Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for Children with Anxiety and Depression Lester, T., Herrmann, J., Bannett, Y., Gardner, R., Feldman, H., Huffman, L. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2023: E149

  View details for Web of Science ID 001002197500009

• The Effect of Human Growth Hormone on Endometrial Growth in Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation Cycles. Journal of personalized medicine Bavan, B., Gardner, R. M., Zhang, W. Y., Aghajanova, L. 2022; 12 (12)

  Abstract

  This study aims to compare endometrial growth before and after the addition of human growth hormone (hGH) in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) cycles. A 5-year retrospective cohort study of patients treated with hGH to improve oocyte development during COH cycles was conducted. Each patient's cycle without hGH immediately preceding cycle(s) with hGH was used for patients to serve as their own controls. Primary outcome was absolute growth in endometrial thickness from pre-stimulation start to day of hCG trigger. Mixed-model regression analysis controlled for patient correlation over repeat cycles and potential confounders. 80 patients were included. Mean age was 39.7 years; mean BMI was 23.8 kg/m2. Majority of patients were nulliparous, non-smoking, and White or Asian. Most common diagnosis was diminished ovarian reserve. Endometrial growth was compared between 159 COH cycles with hGH and 80 COH control cycles; mean increase was 4.5 mm and 3.9 mm, respectively-an unadjusted difference of 0.6 mm (95% CI: 0.2-1.1, p = 0.01). After adjusting for demographic/clinical factors, hGH was associated with 0.9 mm greater endometrial growth (0.4-1.4, p < 0.01). Absolute increase in endometrial thickness was higher in COH cycles that included hGH. Further prospective studies in embryo transfer cycles are needed.

  View details for DOI 10.3390/jpm12121991

  View details for PubMedID 36556212

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC9788117

• The development of a mobile app-focused deduplication strategy for the Apple Heart Study that informs recommendations for future digital trials. Stat (International Statistical Institute) Garcia, A., Lee, J., Balasubramanian, V., Gardner, R., Gummidipundi, S. E., Hung, G., Ferris, T., Cheung, L., Desai, S., Granger, C. B., Hills, M. T., Kowey, P., Nag, D., Rumsfeld, J. S., Russo, A. M., Stein, J. W., Talati, N., Tsay, D., Mahaffey, K. W., Perez, M. V., Turakhia, M. P., Hedlin, H., Desai, M., Apple Heart Study Investigators 2022; 11 (1): e470

  Abstract

  An app-based clinical trial enrolment process can contribute to duplicated records, carrying data management implications. Our objective was to identify duplicated records in real time in the Apple Heart Study (AHS). We leveraged personal identifiable information (PII) to develop a dissimilarity score (DS) using the Damerau-Levenshtein distance. For computational efficiency, we focused on four types of records at the highest risk of duplication. We used the receiver operating curve (ROC) and resampling methods to derive and validate a decision rule to classify duplicated records. We identified 16,398 (4%) duplicated participants, resulting in 419,297 unique participants out of a total of 438,435 possible. Our decision rule yielded a high positive predictive value (96%) with negligible impact on the trial's original findings. Our findings provide principled solutions for future digital trials. When establishing deduplication procedures for digital trials, we recommend collecting device identifiers in addition to participant identifiers; collecting and ensuring secure access to PII; conducting a pilot study to identify reasons for duplicated records; establishing an initial deduplication algorithm that can be refined; creating a data quality plan that informs refinement; and embedding the initial deduplication algorithm in the enrolment platform to ensure unique enrolment and linkage to previous records.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/sta4.470

  View details for PubMedID 36589778

• Trends in Utilization of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Stroke Patients With Cardiac Rhythm Devices. The Neurohospitalist Culbertson, C. J., Perino, A. C., Gardner, R. M., Balasubramanian, V., Vora, N. 2022; 12 (4): 624-631

  Abstract

  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is safe for most patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). However, patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (AIS/TIA) who have CIEDs may undergo MRI less frequently than patients without devices. We assessed contemporary use of MRI for patients with AIS/TIA and the effect of a recent coverage revision by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) on MRI utilization.Using Optum® claims data from January 2012 to June 2019, we performed an interrupted time series analysis of MRI utilization during AIS/TIA hospitalizations with the April 2018 CMS coverage revision serving as the intervention. For patients treated after the coverage revision, we used multivariable logistic regression to determine the association between lack of CIED and MRI utilization for AIS/TIA.We identified 417,899 patient hospitalizations for AIS/TIA, of which 30,425 (7%) had a CIED present (CIED vs non-CIED patients: age 77.6 ± 9.8 vs 72.7 ± 12.3 years; 45.5% vs 54.3% female). From 2012 to 2019, annual MRI utilization increased from 3% to 20% for CIED patients and 58% to 66% for non-CIED patients. The CMS coverage revision was associated with a 4.2% absolute additional increase in MRI utilization for CIED patients. Non-CIED patients treated after the CMS coverage revision were substantially more likely than CIED patients to undergo MRI (adjusted OR 6.7, 95% CI: 6.3-7.1, P<.001).MRI utilization has increased for stroke patients with CIEDs but remains far lower than in similar patients without devices.

  View details for DOI 10.1177/19418744221115004

  View details for PubMedID 36147760

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC9485690

• Continuity of Care in Primary Care for Young Children with Chronic Conditions. Academic pediatrics Bannett, Y., Gardner, R. M., Huffman, L. C., Feldman, H. M., Sanders, L. M. 2022

  Abstract

  OBJECTIVES: (1) To assess continuity of care (CoC) within primary-care practices for children with asthma and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to children without chronic conditions, and (2) to determine patient and clinical-care factors associated with CoC.METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of electronic health records from office visits of children <9 years, seen ≥4 times between 2015 and 2019 in 10 practices of a community-based primary healthcare network in California. Three cohorts were constructed: (1)Asthma: ≥2 visits with asthma visit-diagnoses; (2)ASD: same method; (3)Controls: no chronic conditions. CoC, using Usual Provider of Care measure (range >0-1), was calculated for (1) all visits (overall) and (2) well-care visits. Fractional regression models examined CoC adjusting for patient age, medical insurance, practice affiliation, and number of visits.RESULTS: Of 30,678 children, 1875 (6.1%) were classified as Asthma, 294 (1.0%) as ASD, and 15,465 (50.4%) as Controls. Overall CoC was lower for Asthma (Mean=0.58, SD 0.21) and ASD (M=0.57, SD 0.20) than Controls (M=0.66, SD 0.21); differences in well-care CoC were minimal. In regression models, lower overall CoC was found for Asthma (aOR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85-0.94). Lower overall and well-care CoC were associated with public insurance (aOR 0.77, CI 0.74-0.81; aOR 0.64, CI 0.59-0.69).CONCLUSION: After accounting for patient and clinical-care factors, children with asthma, but not with ASD, in this primary-care network had significantly lower CoC compared to children without chronic conditions. Public insurance was the most prominent patient factor associated with low CoC, emphasizing the need to address disparities in CoC.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.acap.2022.07.012

  View details for PubMedID 35858663

• Trends in Utilization of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Stroke Patients With Cardiac Rhythm Devices NEUROHOSPITALIST Culbertson, C. J., Perino, A. C., Gardner, R. M., Balasubramanian, V., Vora, N. 2022

  View details for DOI 10.1177/19418744221115004

  View details for Web of Science ID 000825031900001

• Lessons learned in the Apple Heart Study and implications for the data management of future digital clinical trials. Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics Garcia, A., Balasubramanian, V., Lee, J., Gardner, R., Gummidipundi, S., Hung, G., Ferris, T., Cheung, L., Granger, C., Kowey, P., Rumsfeld, J., Russo, A., Hills, M. T., Talati, N., Nag, D., Stein, J., Tsay, D., Desai, S., Mahaffey, K., Turakhia, M., Perez, M., Hedlin, H., Desai, M. 2022: 1-15

  Abstract

  The digital clinical trial is fast emerging as a pragmatic trial that can improve a trial's design including recruitment and retention, data collection and analytics. To that end, digital platforms such as electronic health records or wearable technologies that enable passive data collection can be leveraged, alleviating burden from the participant and study coordinator. However, there are challenges. For example, many of these data sources not originally intended for research may be noisier than traditionally obtained measures. Further, the secure flow of passively collected data and their integration for analysis is non-trivial. The Apple Heart Study was a prospective, single-arm, site-less digital trial designed to evaluate the ability of an app to detect atrial fibrillation. The study was designed with pragmatic features, such as an app for enrollment, a wearable device (the Apple Watch) for data collection, and electronic surveys for participant-reported outcomes that enabled a high volume of patient enrollment and accompanying data. These elements led to challenges including identifying the number of unique participants, maintaining participant-level linkage of multiple complex data streams, and participant adherence and engagement. Novel solutions were derived that inform future designs with an emphasis on data management. We build upon the excellent framework of the Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative to provide a comprehensive set of guidelines for data management of the digital clinical trial that include an increased role of collaborative data scientists in the design and conduct of the modern digital trial.

  View details for DOI 10.1080/10543406.2022.2080698

  View details for PubMedID 35695137

• Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Children: Clinical Features and Treatment Response. JPGN reports Peinado Fabregat, M. I., Gardner, R. M., Hassan, M. A., Kapphahn, K., Yeh, A. M. 2022; 3 (2): e185

  Abstract

  To characterize the population of children diagnosed with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) based on breath test (BT), correlate symptomatology, and describe SIBO treatments and treatment efficacy.A retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients seen at Stanford Children's Health Gastroenterology Clinics from 2012 to 2018 who had a positive BT, defined by a rise in hydrogen by ≥20 ppm, a baseline hydrogen level ≥20 ppm, or a methane value ≥10 ppm. The main outcome was symptom resolution, defined as complete or partial improvement after a course of treatment. Absolute standardized differences and Chi-square tests were used to assess associations.From 98 children, 54 met inclusion and did not meet exclusion criteria (53.7% female). Lactulose substrate was used for 41 (75.9%) patients, whereas glucose was used for 13 (24.1%). Complete or partial resolution of symptoms was achieved in 13 of 16 (81.2%) patients who received probiotics with or without antibiotics versus 21 of 31 (67.7%) patients treated with antibiotics alone (P = 0.524). Metronidazole versus rifaximin versus other antibiotics showed no significant difference in symptom resolution (12 (63.2%), 13 (76.5%), 7 (77.8%), respectively, P = 0.601).Seventy-two percent of patients experienced at least partial symptom relief after treatment. We did not find a strong correlation between specific symptoms and analyte elevation. There was no difference in effectiveness between metronidazole and rifaximin to treat SIBO symptoms. Further research needs to be done to determine effective treatments for SIBO in pediatrics.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/PG9.0000000000000185

  View details for PubMedID 37168915

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC10158461

• The impact of euploid blastocyst morphology and maternal age on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in natural cycle frozen embryo transfers. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics Zhang, W. Y., Johal, J. K., Gardner, R. M., Bavan, B., Milki, A. A. 2022

  Abstract

  PURPOSE: To evaluate whether morphology impacts the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of euploid blastocysts, and whether maternal age still affects outcomes when top-graded, euploid blastocysts are used.METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included all natural-cycle frozen embryo transfers (NC-FET) using an autologous, euploid blastocyst from June 2016 to June 2020 (n=610). There were five groups based on embryo grade: AA, AB, BA, BB, and "any C". For analysis of only AA-graded embryos, there were three maternal age groups:<35, 35-39, and 40+years. The main outcomes measured were clinical pregnancy and live birth rates, while the secondary outcomes included neonatal outcomes such as gestational age at delivery and birthweight. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to adjust for confounders.RESULTS: Euploid blastocysts with poorer morphology had lower odds of pregnancy and live birth; specifically, embryos with inner cell mass (ICM) graded as "C" had statistically significant decreased odds of pregnancy (aOR 0.33, p=0.04) and live birth (aOR 0.32, p=0.03) compared with ICM grade "A". The differences in pregnancy rate between trophectoderm grades were not statistically significant. Even in cycles that transferred a top-graded (AA) euploid embryo, maternal age at transfer was independently associated with outcomes. Embryo grade and maternal age, however, did not significantly impact neonatal outcomes such as prematurity and birthweight.CONCLUSION: The morphology of euploid blastocysts and maternal age at NC-FET both independently impact pregnancy outcomes. Neonatal outcomes were similar across embryo morphology and maternal age groups, suggesting that lower morphology euploid embryos not be discounted as viable options for transfer.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10815-022-02423-1

  View details for PubMedID 35122177

• Behavioral Treatment Recommendation for Preschoolers with ADHD Symptoms: How Are Primary Care Pediatricians Doing? Bannett, Y., Gardner, R. M., Posada, J. D., Huffman, L. C., Feldman, H. M. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2022: E123-E124

  View details for Web of Science ID 000797424900043

• Medication Management of Anxiety and Depression by Primary Care Pediatrics Providers: A Retrospective Electronic Health Record Study. Frontiers in pediatrics Lester, T. R., Bannett, Y., Gardner, R. M., Feldman, H. M., Huffman, L. C. 2022; 10: 794722

  Abstract

  Objectives: To describe medication management of children diagnosed with anxiety and/or depression by primary care providers within a primary care network.Study Design/Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of electronic health record (EHR) structured data from all children seen at least twice in a 4-year observation period within a network of primary care clinics in Northern California. For children who had visit diagnoses of anxiety, depression, anxiety+depression or symptoms characteristic of these conditions, we analyzed the rates and types of medications prescribed. A logistic regression model considered patient variables for the combined sample.Results: Of all patients 6-18 years old (N = 59,484), 4.4% (n = 2,635) had a diagnosis of anxiety only, 2.4% (n = 1,433) depression only, and 1.2% (n = 737) both anxiety and depression (anxiety + depression); 18% of children with anxiety and/or depression had comorbid ADHD. A total of 15.0% with anxiety only (n = 357), 20.5% with depression only (n = 285), and 47.4% with anxiety+depression (n=343) were prescribed a psychoactive non-stimulant medication. For anxiety and depression only, the top three medications prescribed were sertraline, fluoxetine, and citalopram. For anxiety + depression, the top three medications prescribed were citalopram, sertraline, and escitalopram. Frequently prescribed medications also included benzodiazepines. Logistic regression modeling showed that the depression only and anxety + depression categories had increased likelihood of medication prescription. Older age and mental health comorbidities were independently associated with increased likelihood of medication prescription.Conclusions: In this network, ~8% of children carried a diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression. Medication choices generally aligned with current recommendations with the exception of use of benzodiazepines.

  View details for DOI 10.3389/fped.2022.794722

  View details for PubMedID 35372169

• Chemotherapy Plus Immunotherapy Versus Chemotherapy Plus Bevacizumab Versus Chemotherapy Alone in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC After Progression on Osimertinib. Clinical lung cancer White, M. N., Piper-Vallillo, A. J., Gardner, R. M., Cunanan, K., Neal, J. W., Das, M., Padda, S. K., Ramchandran, K., Chen, T. T., Sequist, L. V., Piotrowska, Z., Wakelee, H. A. 2021

  Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer who have had disease progression on osimertinib commonly receive platinum doublet chemotherapy, but whether adding immunotherapy or bevacizumab provides additional benefit is unknown.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis at 2 university-affiliated institutions. Patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer who had progression on osimertinib and received next-line therapy with platinum doublet chemotherapy (chemo), platinum doublet chemotherapy plus immunotherapy (chemo-IO), or platinum doublet chemotherapy plus bevacizumab (chemo-bev), were identified; patients who continued osimertinib with these regimens were included. Efficacy outcomes including duration on treatment (DOT) and overall survival (OS) from the start of chemotherapy were assessed. Associations of treatment regimen with outcomes were evaluated using adjusted Cox regression models, using pairwise comparisons between groups.RESULTS: 104 patients were included: 57 received chemo, 12 received chemo-IO, and 35 received chemo-bev. In adjusted models, patients who received chemo-IO had worse OS than did those who received chemo (hazard ratio (HR) 2.66, 95% CI 1.25-5.65; P= .011) or those who received chemo-bev (HR 2.37, 95% CI 1.09-5.65; P= .030). A statistically significant difference in OS could not be detected in patients who received chemo-bev versus those who received chemo (HR 1.50, 95% CI 0.84-2.69; P= .17).CONCLUSION: In this retrospective study, giving immunotherapy with platinum doublet chemotherapy after progression on osimertinib was associated with a worse OS compared with platinum doublet chemotherapy alone. Platinum doublet chemotherapy without immunotherapy (with consideration of continuation of osimertinib, in selected cases) is a reasonable choice in this setting, while we await results of clinical trials examining optimal next-line chemotherapy-based regimens in EGFR-mutant lung cancer.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cllc.2021.11.001

  View details for PubMedID 34887193

• Impact of Tumor Suppressor Gene Co-Mutations on Differential Response to EGFR TKI Therapy in EGFR L858R and Exon 19 Deletion Lung Cancer. Clinical lung cancer Hellyer, J. A., White, M. N., Gardner, R. M., Cunanan, K., Padda, S. K., Das, M., Ramchandran, K., Neal, J. W., Wakelee, H. A. 2021

  Abstract

  BACKGROUND: In most studies, patients with EGFR L858R mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have a shorter duration of response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy than do patients with EGFR exon 19 deletion NSCLC. The role that co-mutations play in this observation is unknown.METHODS: We performed a single-institution retrospective analysis of patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC (exon 19 deletion or L858R mutation) who received frontline EGFR TKI for metastatic disease between 2014 and 2019, and who had STAMP next-generation sequencing (NGS), a 130-gene platform. Time to treatment failure (TTF) and overall survival were calculated using Cox models adjusted for age, race, and brain metastases. Co-mutations in key tumor suppressor genes (TP53, RB1, KEAP1, CDKN2A, or CTNNB1) were identified and their effects on outcomes were evaluated. Analyses were stratified according to receipt of osimertinib versus nonosimertinib as frontline EGFR TKI.RESULTS: Of 137 patients, 72 (57%) had EGFR exon 19 deletions and 65 (43%) had EGFR L858R mutations. Median TTF and OS on frontline TKI was shorter for the L858R cohort versus the exon 19 deletion cohort in univariate analysis. In adjusted models, this difference persisted for TTF but was no longer significant for OS. The difference in TTF in L858R mutant tumors was driven by the presence of co-mutations in key tumor suppressor genes.CONCLUSION: Patients with metastatic NSCLC with mutations in EGFR L858R had shorter TTF on frontline TKI compared to patients with EGFR exon 19 deletions. Co-mutations in tumor suppressor genes may play an important role in the differential response to TKI therapy.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cllc.2021.09.004

  View details for PubMedID 34838441

• Rate of Pediatrician Recommendations for Behavioral Treatment for Preschoolers With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis or Related Symptoms. JAMA pediatrics Bannett, Y., Gardner, R. M., Posada, J., Huffman, L. C., Feldman, H. M. 2021

  View details for DOI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.4093

  View details for PubMedID 34661611

• A Text-Based Intervention to Promote Literacy: An RCT. Pediatrics Chamberlain, L. J., Bruce, J., De La Cruz, M., Huffman, L., Steinberg, J. R., Bruguera, R., Peterson, J. W., Gardner, R. M., He, Z., Ordaz, Y., Connelly, E., Loeb, S. 2021

  Abstract

  BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Children entering kindergarten ready to learn are more likely to thrive. Inequitable access to high-quality, early educational settings creates early educational disparities. TipsByText, a text-message-based program for caregivers of young children, improves literacy of children in preschool, but efficacy for families without access to early childhood education was unknown.METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with caregivers of 3- and 4-year-olds in 2 public pediatric clinics. Intervention caregivers received TipsByText 3 times a week for 7 months. At pre- and postintervention, we measured child literacy using the Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening Tool (PALS-PreK) and caregiver involvement using the Parent Child Interactivity Scale (PCI). We estimated effects on PALS-PreK and PCI using multivariable linear regression.RESULTS: We enrolled 644 families, excluding 263 because of preschool participation. Compared with excluded children, those included in the study had parents with lower income and educational attainment and who were more likely to be Spanish speaking. Three-quarters of enrollees completed pre- and postintervention assessments. Postintervention PALS-PreK scores revealed an unadjusted treatment effect of 0.260 (P = .040); adjusting for preintervention score, child age, and caregiver language, treatment effect was 0.209 (P = .016), equating to 3 months of literacy gains. Effects were greater for firstborn children (0.282 vs 0.178), children in 2-parent families (0.262 vs 0.063), and 4-year-olds (0.436 vs 0.107). The overall effect on PCI was not significant (1.221, P = .124).CONCLUSIONS: The health sector has unique access to difficult-to-reach young children. With this clinic-based texting intervention, we reached underresourced families and increased child literacy levels.

  View details for DOI 10.1542/peds.2020-049648

  View details for PubMedID 34544847

• The impact of estradiol on pregnancy outcomes in letrozole-stimulated frozen embryo transfer cycles. F&S reports Zhang, W. Y., Gardner, R. M., Kapphahn, K. I., Ramachandran, M. K., Murugappan, G., Aghajanova, L., Lathi, R. B. 2021; 2 (3): 320-326

  Abstract

  Objective: To assess the impact of low estradiol (E2) levels in letrozole-stimulated frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.Design: Retrospective cohort.Setting: University-affiliated fertility center.Patients: All patients who underwent letrozole-stimulated FET cycles from January 2017 to April 2020 (n = 217). The "Low E2" group was defined as those with E2 serum levels on the day of trigger <10th percentile level (E2 <91.16 pg/mL, n = 22) and the "Normal E2" group was defined as those with E2 serum levels ≥10th percentile level (E2 ≥91.16 pg/mL, n = 195).Interventions: None.Main Outcome Measures: Pregnancy outcomes including rates of clinical pregnancy, clinical miscarriage, and live birth. Neonatal outcomes including gestational age at delivery, birth weight, and Apgar score.Results: The mean ± SD estradiol level was 66.8 ± 14.8 pg/mL for the "Low E2" group compared with 366.3 ± 322.1 pg/mL for the "Normal E2" group. There were otherwise no substantial differences in cycle characteristics such as endometrial thickness on the day of ovulation trigger and progesterone levels in early pregnancy. The "Low E2" group had a significantly higher clinical miscarriage rate (36.4% vs. 8.8%, adjusted odds ratio 8.06) and lower live birth rate (31.8% vs. 57.9%, adjusted odds ratio 0.28). Neonatal outcomes such as gestational age at delivery, mean birth weight, Apgar scores, and incidence of newborn complications were not clinically different between the groups.Conclusion: Low E2 levels were associated with a significantly higher miscarriage rate and lower live birth rate, suggesting that E2 levels in the follicular phase may have an effect on cycle outcomes. Given the rise in use of FET, further studies are needed to confirm our findings and understand the mechanisms.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.xfre.2021.05.007

  View details for PubMedID 34553158

• Pregnancy success rates for lesbian women undergoing intrauterine insemination. F&S reports Johal, J. K., Gardner, R. M., Vaughn, S. J., Jaswa, E. G., Hedlin, H., Aghajanova, L. 2021; 2 (3): 275-281

  Abstract

  Objective: To compare the pregnancy outcomes of lesbian women undergoing donor sperm intrauterine insemination (IUI) with that of heterosexual women undergoing IUI using partner or donor sperm.Design: Retrospective cohort analysis.Setting: Two academic fertility practices.Patients: All IUI cycles between 2007 and2016.Interventions: None.Main outcome measures: Primary outcomes included clinical pregnancy (CP) rates and live birth/ongoing pregnancy (LB) rates. The baseline characteristics and cycle characteristics were compared between the two groups using absolute standardized differences (ASDs). To account for the correlation between cycles per patient, a generalized estimating equation method for multivariable logistic regression was used.Results: A total of 11,870 IUI cycles were included, of which 393 were in lesbian women using donor sperm and 11,477 were in heterosexual women with infertility using either partner or donor sperm. The CP rates were similar between the lesbian and heterosexual groups (13.2% vs. 11.1%, respectively, ASD = 0.06). In addition, the LB rates were similar between the two groups (10.4% vs. 8.3%, respectively, ASD = 0.10). After implementing the generalized estimating equation in a multivariable logistic regression, the lesbian group had an overall higher odds of CP (adjusted odds ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval: [1.04-1.88]) and LB (adjusted odds ratio 1.59, 95% confidence interval [1.15-2.20]) compared with the heterosexual group. The clinical miscarriage rate was higher in the heterosexual group compared with that in the lesbian group (23.8% vs. 15.4%, respectively, ASD = 0.21).Conclusion: Although the unadjusted rates were similar between the two groups, the adjusted CP and LB odds were significantly higher for lesbian women undergoing IUI for procreative management than those for heterosexual women undergoing IUI for infertility.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.xfre.2021.04.007

  View details for PubMedID 34553151

• Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Tool for Second Primary Lung Cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Choi, E., Sanyal, N., Ding, V. Y., Gardner, R. M., Aredo, J. V., Lee, J., Wu, J. T., Hickey, T. P., Barrett, B., Riley, T. L., Wilkens, L. R., Leung, A. N., Le Marchand, L., Tammemagi, M. C., Hung, R. J., Amos, C. I., Freedman, N. D., Cheng, I., Wakelee, H. A., Han, S. S. 2021

  Abstract

  BACKGROUND: With advancing therapeutics, lung cancer (LC) survivors are rapidly increasing in number. While mounting evidence suggests LC survivors have high risk of second primary lung cancer (SPLC), there is no validated prediction tool available for clinical use to identify high-risk LC survivors for SPLC.METHODS: Using data from 6,325 ever-smokers in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) diagnosed with initial primary lung cancer (IPLC) in 1993-2017, we developed a prediction model for 10-year SPLC risk after IPLC diagnosis using cause-specific Cox regression. We evaluated the model's clinical utility using decision curve analysis and externally validated it using two population-based data, PLCO and NLST, that included 2,963 and 2,844 IPLC (101 and 93 SPLC cases), respectively.RESULTS: Over 14,063 person-years, 145 (2.3%) developed SPLC in MEC. Our prediction model demonstrated a high predictive accuracy (Brier score = 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.4-3.3) and discrimination (AUC = 81.9%, 95% CI=78.2%-85.5%) based on bootstrap validation in MEC. Stratification by the estimated risk quartiles showed that the observed SPLC incidence was statistically significantly higher in the 4th versus 1st quartile (9.5% versus 0.2%; P<.001). Decision curve analysis indicated that in a wide range of 10-year risk thresholds from 1% to 20%, the model yielded a larger net-benefit versus hypothetical all-screening or no-screening scenarios. External validation using PLCO and NLST showed an AUC of 78.8% (95% CI=74.6%-82.9%) and 72.7% (95% CI=67.7%-77.7%), respectively.CONCLUSIONS: We developed and validated a SPLC prediction model based on large population-based cohorts. The proposed prediction tool can help identify high-risk LC patients for SPLC and can be incorporated into clinical decision-making for SPLC surveillance and screening.

  View details for DOI 10.1093/jnci/djab138

  View details for PubMedID 34255071

• Trends in Utilization of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Stroke Patients With Cardiac Rhythm Devices. Culbertson, C. J., Perino, A. C., Gardner, R. M., Balasubramanian, V., Vora, N. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2021

  View details for DOI 10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.P229

  View details for Web of Science ID 000670883500347

• Online Antibiotic Allergy Decision Support Tool Improves Management of Beta Lactam Allergies Dunham, T., Fasani, D., Lippner, E., Moir, E., Halpern-Felsher, B., Gardner, R., Sundaram, V., Liu, A. MOSBY-ELSEVIER. 2021: AB7

  View details for Web of Science ID 000629158000021

• Diagnosis of Language Delay in the Primary Care Setting: An Electronic Health Record Investigation Frelinger, C., Gardner, R. M., Huffman, L., Whitgob, E., Feldman, H. M., Bannett, Y. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2021: S1-S2

  View details for Web of Science ID 000656627200016

• Shared Decision Making in Neurosurgery Clinic Visits: General Descriptions and a Randomized Controlled Trial Hubner, L. M., Gardner, R. M., Huffman, L. C. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2021: S6

  View details for Web of Science ID 000656627200029

• Continuity of Care by Primary Care Provider in Young Children with Autism Bannett, Y., Gardner, R. M., Feldman, H. M., Huffman, L. C. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2021: S2

  View details for Web of Science ID 000656627200017

• Diagnosis of Language Delay in the Primary Care Setting: An Electronic Health Record Investigation Frelinger, C., Gardner, R. M., Huffman, L., Whitgob, E., Feldman, H. M., Bannett, Y. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2021: S1-S2

  View details for Web of Science ID 000670615500016

• Shared Decision Making in Neurosurgery Clinic Visits: General Descriptions and a Randomized Controlled Trial Hubner, L. M., Gardner, R. M., Huffman, L. C. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2021: S6

  View details for Web of Science ID 000670615500029

• Continuity of Care by Primary Care Provider in Young Children with Autism Bannett, Y., Gardner, R. M., Feldman, H. M., Huffman, L. C. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2021: S2

  View details for Web of Science ID 000670615500017

• Tobacco Smoking and Risk of Second Primary Lung Cancer. Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Aredo, J. V., Luo, S. J., Gardner, R. M., Sanyal, N. n., Choi, E. n., Hickey, T. P., Riley, T. L., Huang, W. Y., Kurian, A. W., Leung, A. N., Wilkens, L. R., Robbins, H. A., Riboli, E. n., Kaaks, R. n., Tjønneland, A. n., Vermeulen, R. C., Panico, S. n., Le Marchand, L. n., Amos, C. I., Hung, R. J., Freedman, N. D., Johansson, M. n., Cheng, I. n., Wakelee, H. A., Han, S. S. 2021

  Abstract

  Lung cancer survivors are at high risk of a second primary lung cancer (SPLC). However, SPLC risk factors have not been established and the impact of tobacco smoking remains controversial. We examined risk factors for SPLC across multiple epidemiologic cohorts and assessed the impact of smoking cessation on reducing SPLC risk.We analyzed data from 7,059 participants in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) diagnosed with an initial primary lung cancer (IPLC) between 1993 and 2017. Cause-specific proportional hazards models estimated SPLC risk. We conducted validation studies using the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO, N=3,423 IPLC cases) and European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC, N=4,731 IPLC cases) cohorts and pooled the SPLC risk estimates using random effects meta-analysis.Overall, 163 (2.3%) MEC cases developed a SPLC. Smoking pack-years (HR 1.18 per 10 pack-years; P<0.001) and smoking intensity (HR 1.30 per 10 cigarettes per day (CPD); P<0.001) were significantly associated with increased SPLC risk. Individuals who met the 2013 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's (USPSTF) screening criteria at IPLC diagnosis also had an increased SPLC risk (HR 1.92; P<0.001). Validation studies with PLCO and EPIC showed consistent results. Meta-analysis yielded pooled HRs of 1.16 per 10 pack-years (Pmeta<0.001), 1.25 per 10 CPD (Pmeta<0.001), and 1.99 (Pmeta<0.001) for meeting the USPSTF criteria. In MEC, smoking cessation after IPLC diagnosis was associated with an 83% reduction in SPLC risk (HR 0.17; P<0.001).Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for SPLC. Smoking cessation after IPLC diagnosis may reduce the risk of SPLC. Additional strategies for SPLC surveillance and screening are warranted.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.02.024

  View details for PubMedID 33722709

• Arrhythmias Other Than Atrial Fibrillation in Those With an Irregular Pulse Detected With a Smartwatch: Findings From the Apple Heart Study. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology Perino, A. C., Gummidipundi, S. E., Lee, J., Hedlin, H., Garcia, A., Ferris, T., Balasubramanian, V., Gardner, R. M., Cheung, L., Hung, G., Granger, C. B., Kowey, P., Rumsfeld, J. S., Russo, A. M., True Hills, M., Talati, N., Nag, D., Tsay, D., Desai, S., Desai, M., Mahaffey, K. W., Turakhia, M. P., Perez, M. V. 2021: CIRCEP121010063

  Abstract

  The Apple watch irregular pulse detection algorithm was found to have a positive predictive value of 0.84 for identification of atrial fibrillation (AF). We sought to describe the prevalence of arrhythmias other than AF in those with an irregular pulse detected on a smartwatch.The Apple Heart Study investigated a smartwatch-based irregular pulse notification algorithm to identify AF. For this secondary analysis, we analyzed participants who received an ambulatory ECG patch after index irregular pulse notification. We excluded participants with AF identified on ECG patch and described the prevalence of other arrhythmias on the remaining participant ECG patches. We also reported the proportion of participants self-reporting subsequent AF diagnosis.Among 419 297 participants enrolled in the Apple Heart Study, 450 participant ECG patches were analyzed, with no AF on 297 ECG patches (66%). Non-AF arrhythmias (excluding supraventricular tachycardias <30 beats and pauses <3 seconds) were detected in 119 participants (40.1%) with ECG patches without AF. The most common arrhythmias were frequent PACs (burden ≥1% to <5%, 15.8%; ≥5% to <15%, 8.8%), atrial tachycardia (≥30 beats, 5.4%), frequent PVCs (burden ≥1% to <5%, 6.1%; ≥5% to <15%, 2.7%), and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (4-7 beats, 6.4%; ≥8 beats, 3.7%). Of 249 participants with no AF detected on ECG patch and patient-reported data available, 76 participants (30.5%) reported subsequent AF diagnosis.In participants with an irregular pulse notification on the Apple Watch and no AF observed on ECG patch, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, mostly PACs and PVCs, were detected in 40% of participants. Defining optimal care for patients with detection of incidental arrhythmias other than AF is important as AF detection is further investigated, implemented, and refined.

  View details for DOI 10.1161/CIRCEP.121.010063

  View details for PubMedID 34565178

• The impact of timing modified natural cycle frozen embryo transfer based on spontaneous luteinizing hormone surge. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics Johal, J. K., Bavan, B., Zhang, W., Gardner, R. M., Lathi, R. B., Milki, A. A. 2020

  Abstract

  PURPOSE: To evaluate whether adjusting timing of modified natural cycle frozen embryo transfer (mNC-FET) 1day earlier in the setting of a spontaneous LH surge has an impact on pregnancy outcomes.METHODS: This retrospective cohort study evaluated all mNC-FET with euploid blastocysts from May 1, 2016 to March 30, 2019, at a single academic institution. Standard protocol for mNC-FET included ultrasound monitoring and hCG trigger when the dominant follicle and endometrial lining were appropriately developed. Patients had serum LH, estradiol, and progesterone checked on day of trigger. If LH was ≥20 mIU/mL, trigger was given that day and FET was performed 6days after surge (LH/HCG+6), with the intent of transferring 5days after ovulation. If LH was <20 mIU/mL, FET was performed 7days after trigger (hCG+7). Primary outcomes included clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. To account for correlation between cycles, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) method for multivariable logistic regression was used.RESULTS: Four hundred fifty-three mNC-FET cycles met inclusion criteria, of which 205 were in the LH/HCG+6 group and 248 were in the HCG+7 group. The overall clinical pregnancy rate was 64% and clinical miscarriage rate was 4.8%, with similar rates between the two groups. The overall live birth rate was 60.9% (61.0% in LH/HCG+6 group and 60.9% in HCG+7 group). After implementing GEE, the odds of CP (aOR 0.97, 95% CI [0.65-1.45], p=0.88) and LB (aOR 0.98, 95% CI [0.67-1.45], p=0.93) were similar in both groups.CONCLUSIONS: In our study cohort, mNC-FET based on LH/HCG+6 versus HCG+7 had similar pregnancy outcomes.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10815-020-01994-1

  View details for PubMedID 33230616

• Is smoking a risk factor for second primary lung cancer Aredo, J., Luo, S. J., Gardner, R., Hickey, T. P., Riley, T. L., Wilkens, L. R., Le Marchand, L., Amos, C., Hung, R. J., Johansson, M., Cheng, I., Wakelee, H. A., Han, S. S. AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH. 2020

  View details for DOI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2020-2298

  View details for Web of Science ID 000590059304293

• Comparative Seasonal Respiratory Virus Epidemic Timing in Utah VIRUSES-BASEL Callahan, Z. Y., Smith, T. K., Ingersoll, C., Gardner, R., Korgenski, E., Sloan, C. D. 2020; 12 (3)

  Abstract

  Previous studies have found evidence of viral interference between seasonal respiratory viruses. Using laboratory-confirmed data from a Utah-based healthcare provider, Intermountain Health Care, we analyzed the time-specific patterns of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A, influenza B, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, and enterovirus circulation from 2004 to 2018, using descriptive methods and wavelet analysis (n = 89,462) on a local level. The results showed that RSV virus dynamics in Utah were the most consistent of any of the viruses studied, and that the other seasonal viruses were generally in synchrony with RSV, except for enterovirus (which mostly occurs late summer to early fall) and influenza A and B during pandemic years.

  View details for DOI 10.3390/v12030275

  View details for Web of Science ID 000525486800054

  View details for PubMedID 32121465

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC7150790

• Prevalence of Bone Metastases in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms by 68Ga DOTATATE PET Scan Shaheen, S., Gardner, R., Sundaram, V., Hornbacker, K., Moradi, F., Wu, J., Kunz, P. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2020: 486

  View details for Web of Science ID 000526823600114

• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in 2- to 5-Year-Olds: A Primary Care Network Experience. Academic pediatrics Bannett, Y. n., Feldman, H. M., Gardner, R. M., Blaha, O. n., Huffman, L. C. 2020

  Abstract

  To assess (1) rates of primary care provider (PCP) diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in young children, (2) documented PCP adherence to ADHD clinical practice guidelines, and (3) patient factors influencing PCP variation in diagnosis and management.Retrospective cohort study of electronic health records from all office visits of children aged 2-5 years, seen ≥2 times between 2015 and 2019, in 10 practices of a community-based primary healthcare network. Outcomes included ADHD diagnosis (symptom or disorder), and adherence to guidelines in (1) comorbidity documentation at or after ADHD diagnosis, (2) ADHD medication choice, and (3) follow-up of medicated patients. Logistic regressions assessed associations between outcomes and patient characteristics.Of 29,408 eligible children, 195 (0.7%) had ADHD diagnoses. Of those, 56% had solely symptom-level diagnoses (e.g., hyperactivity); 54% had documented comorbidities. ADHD medications were prescribed only to 4-5-year-olds (40/195 (21%)); 85% received stimulants as first-line medication; 48% had follow-up visits within 2 months. Likelihood of ADHD diagnosis was higher for children with public or military insurance (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.40-2.66; OR 3.17; 95% CI 1.93-4.96). Likelihood of comorbidity documentation was lower for older ADHD patients (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.32-0.71) and higher for those with military insurance (OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.13-9.58).PCPs in this network frequently used symptom-level ADHD diagnoses in 2-5-year-olds; ADHD diagnosis rates were below estimated population prevalence, with evidence for sociodemographic disparities. PCP comorbidity documentation and choice of stimulant medications were consistent with guidelines. Rates of timely follow-up were low.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.acap.2020.04.009

  View details for PubMedID 32360494

• Impact of dual-eligible status on survival in Medicare patients with lung cancer. Ragavan, M., Gardner, R., Cunanan, K., Sundaram, V., Wakelee, H. A., Han, S. S. AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY. 2019

  View details for DOI 10.1200/JCO.2019.37.27_suppl.149

  View details for Web of Science ID 000518223100147

• Large-Scale Assessment of a Smartwatch to Identify Atrial Fibrillation. The New England journal of medicine Perez, M. V., Mahaffey, K. W., Hedlin, H., Rumsfeld, J. S., Garcia, A., Ferris, T., Balasubramanian, V., Russo, A. M., Rajmane, A., Cheung, L., Hung, G., Lee, J., Kowey, P., Talati, N., Nag, D., Gummidipundi, S. E., Beatty, A., Hills, M. T., Desai, S., Granger, C. B., Desai, M., Turakhia, M. P., Apple Heart Study Investigators, Perez, M. V., Turakhia, M. P., Lhamo, K., Smith, S., Berdichesky, M., Sharma, B., Mahaffey, K., Parizo, J., Olivier, C., Nguyen, M., Tallapalli, S., Kaur, R., Gardner, R., Hung, G., Mitchell, D., Olson, G., Datta, S., Gerenrot, D., Wang, X., McCoy, P., Satpathy, B., Jacobsen, H., Makovey, D., Martin, A., Perino, A., O'Brien, C., Gupta, A., Toruno, C., Waydo, S., Brouse, C., Dorfman, D., Stein, J., Huang, J., Patel, M., Fleischer, S., Doll, E., O'Reilly, M., Dedoshka, K., Chou, M., Daniel, H., Crowley, M., Martin, C., Kirby, T., Brumand, M., McCrystale, K., Haggerty, M., Newberger, J., Keen, D., Antall, P., Holbrook, K., Braly, A., Noone, G., Leathers, B., Montrose, A., Kosowsky, J., Lewis, D., Finkelmeier, J. R., Bemis, K., Mahaffey, K. W., Desai, M., Talati, N., Nag, D., Rajmane, A., Desai, S., Caldbeck, D., Cheung, L., Granger, C., Rumsfeld, J., Kowey, P. R., Hills, M. T., Russo, A., Rockhold, F., Albert, C., Alonso, A., Wruck, L., Friday, K., Wheeler, M., Brodt, C., Park, S., Rogers, A., Jones, R., Ouyang, D., Chang, L., Yen, A., Dong, J., Mamic, P., Cheng, P., Shah, R., Lorvidhaya, P. 2019; 381 (20): 1909–17

  Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Optical sensors on wearable devices can detect irregular pulses. The ability of a smartwatch application (app) to identify atrial fibrillation during typical use is unknown.METHODS: Participants without atrial fibrillation (as reported by the participants themselves) used a smartphone (Apple iPhone) app to consent to monitoring. If a smartwatch-based irregular pulse notification algorithm identified possible atrial fibrillation, a telemedicine visit was initiated and an electrocardiography (ECG) patch was mailed to the participant, to be worn for up to 7 days. Surveys were administered 90 days after notification of the irregular pulse and at the end of the study. The main objectives were to estimate the proportion of notified participants with atrial fibrillation shown on an ECG patch and the positive predictive value of irregular pulse intervals with a targeted confidence interval width of 0.10.RESULTS: We recruited 419,297 participants over 8 months. Over a median of 117 days of monitoring, 2161 participants (0.52%) received notifications of irregular pulse. Among the 450 participants who returned ECG patches containing data that could be analyzed - which had been applied, on average, 13 days after notification - atrial fibrillation was present in 34% (97.5% confidence interval [CI], 29 to 39) overall and in 35% (97.5% CI, 27 to 43) of participants 65 years of age or older. Among participants who were notified of an irregular pulse, the positive predictive value was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.76 to 0.92) for observing atrial fibrillation on the ECG simultaneously with a subsequent irregular pulse notification and 0.71 (97.5% CI, 0.69 to 0.74) for observing atrial fibrillation on the ECG simultaneously with a subsequent irregular tachogram. Of 1376 notified participants who returned a 90-day survey, 57% contacted health care providers outside the study. There were no reports of serious app-related adverse events.CONCLUSIONS: The probability of receiving an irregular pulse notification was low. Among participants who received notification of an irregular pulse, 34% had atrial fibrillation on subsequent ECG patch readings and 84% of notifications were concordant with atrial fibrillation. This siteless (no on-site visits were required for the participants), pragmatic study design provides a foundation for large-scale pragmatic studies in which outcomes or adherence can be reliably assessed with user-owned devices. (Funded by Apple; Apple Heart Study ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03335800.).

  View details for DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1901183

  View details for PubMedID 31722151

• A rapid echocardiographic screening protocol for rheumatic heart disease in Samoa: a high prevalence of advanced disease CARDIOLOGY IN THE YOUNG Allen, M., Allen, J., Naseri, T., Gardner, R., Tolley, D., Allen, L. 2017; 27 (8): 1599–1605

  Abstract

  Echocardiography has been proposed as a method to screen children for rheumatic heart disease. The World Heart Federation has established guidelines for echocardiographic screening. In this study, we describe a rapid echocardiogram screening protocol according to the World Heart Federation guidelines in Samoa, endemic for rheumatic heart disease.We performed echocardiogram screening in schoolchildren in Samoa between 2013 and 2015. A brief screening echocardiogram was performed on all students. Children with predefined criteria suspicious for rheumatic hear diseases were referred for a more comprehensive echocardiogram. Complete echocardiograms were classified according to the World Heart Federation guidelines and severity of valve disease.Echocardiographic screening was performed on 11,434 children, with a mean age of 10.2 years; 51% of them were females. A total of 558 (4.8%) children underwent comprehensive echocardiography, including 49 students who were randomly selected as controls. Definite rheumatic heart disease was observed in 115 students (10.0 per 1000): 92 students were classified as borderline (8.0 per 1000) and 23 with CHD. Advanced disease was identified in 50 students (4.4 per 1000): 15 with severe mitral regurgitation, five with severe aortic regurgitation, 11 with mitral stenoses, and 19 with mitral and aortic valve disease.We successfully applied a rapid echocardiographic screening protocol to a large number of students over a short time period - 28 days of screening over a 3-year time period - to identify a high prevalence of rheumatic heart disease. We also reported a significantly higher rate of advanced disease compared with previously published echocardiographic screening programmes.

  View details for DOI 10.1017/S1047951117000907

  View details for Web of Science ID 000417419400020

  View details for PubMedID 28857729