Bio


Kenny's group is researching fundamental issues and applications of micromechanical structures. These devices are usually fabricated from silicon wafers using integrated circuit fabrication tools. Using these techniques, the group builds sensitive accelerometers, infrared detectors, and force-sensing cantilevers. This research has many applications, including integrated packaging, inertial navigation, fundamental force measurements, experiments on bio-molecules, device cooling, bio-analytical instruments, and small robots. Because this research field is multidisciplinary in nature, work in this group is characterized by strong collaborations with other departments, as well as with local industry.

Academic Appointments


Administrative Appointments


  • Senior Associate Dean of Engineering for Education and Student Affairs, School of Engineering (2015 - Present)
  • The Paul Davies Family University Fellow in Undergraduate Education, Bass Foundation Fellow (2019 - 2024)

Honors & Awards


  • Member, National Academy of Engineering (2022-)
  • President's Award for Excellence through Diversity, Stanford University (2019)
  • Tau Beta Pi Teaching Honor Roll, Tau Beta Pi (2019)
  • Daniel Noble Award for Emerging Technologies, IEEE (2018)
  • General Chair, Transducers 2015 (2015)
  • Technical Achievement Award, IEEE (2011)
  • Secretary of Defense Award for Exceptional Public Service, US Department of Defense (2010)
  • Program Manager, DARPA Microsystems Technology Office (2006-2010)
  • Captain, Ultimate Frisbee Coed World Champions (RFBF) (1999)
  • Captain, Ultimate Frisbee Coed National Champions (RFBF) (1998)
  • CAREER Award, NSF (1995-1999)
  • Robert Bosch Faculty Scholar, Robert Bosch Foundation (1995-1999)
  • Terman Fellowship, Stanford University (1995-1998)

Boards, Advisory Committees, Professional Organizations


  • CEO Founder and Board Member, Applaud Medical (2020 - 2022)
  • President, Transducers Research Foundation (2016 - Present)

Program Affiliations


  • Stanford SystemX Alliance

Professional Education


  • PhD, UC Berkeley, Physics (1989)

Patents


  • Robert Grubbs, Marshall Stoller, Hoyong Chung, Alissa Fitzgerald, Thomas Kenny, Renee Thomas. "United States Patent 10,149,906 Targeting Microbubbles", Caltech, Dec 10, 2018
  • Thomas Kenny, Mark Munch, Peng Zhou, James Gill Shook, Kenneth Goodson, Dave Corbin, Mark McMaster, James Lovette. "United States Patent US 8,464,781 Cooling Systems Incorporating Heat Exchangers and Thermoelectric Layers", Cooligy, Inc, Jul 18, 2013
  • Robert J. Full, Ronald S. Fearing, Thomas W. Kenny, Kellar Autumn. "United States Patent US 6,737,160 Adhesive Microstructure and Method of Forming Same", The Regents Of The University Of California, May 18, 0004

2024-25 Courses


Stanford Advisees


  • Master's Program Advisor
    Qianzhong Chen, Dolly Mantle, Allison Tsai
  • Doctoral Dissertation Co-Advisor (AC)
    L'Nard Tufts
  • Doctoral (Program)
    Ruixin Qiu

All Publications


  • A temperature compensated biaxial eFM accelerometer in Epi-seal process SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL Shin, S., Kwon, H., Vukasin, G. D., Kenny, T. W., Ayazi, F. 2021; 330
  • Amplitude stabilization of micromechanical oscillators using engineered nonlinearity PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH Miller, J. L., Gomez-Franco, A., Shin, D. D., Kwon, H., Kenny, T. W. 2021; 3 (3)
  • Nonlinear Dissipation in Epitaxial SCS and Polysilicon MEMS Driven at Large Amplitudes (vol 29, pg 1118, 2020) JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Alter, A. L., Flader, I. B., Chen, Y., Shin, D. D., Kenny, T. W. 2021; 30 (2): 330
  • Quantification of Energy Dissipation Mechanisms in Toroidal Ring Gyroscope JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Wang, Y., Lin, Y., Glaze, J., Vukasin, G., Shin, D. D., Kwon, H., Heinz, D. B., Chen, Y., Gerrard, D. D., Kenny, T. W., Shkel, A. M. 2021; 30 (2): 193–202
  • A Novel Spring Disk Resonator Gyroscope for Maximizing Q/F Cameron, C. P., Gerrard, D., Rodriguez, J., Yang, Y., Ng, E., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2021
  • Bicontinuous Mesoporous Metal Foams with Enhanced Conductivity and Tunable Pore Size and Porosity via Electrodeposition for Electrochemical and Thermal Systems ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS Katz, J. S., Zhang, C., Barako, M. T., Kim, H. K., Asheghi, M., Kenny, T. W., Goodson, K. E. 2020; 3 (12): 12408–15
  • Negative Nonlinear Dissipation in Microelectromechanical Beams (vol 29, pg 1, 2020) JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Bousse, N., Miller, J., Alter, A., Cameron, C., Kwon, H., Vukasin, G., Kenny, T. W. 2020; 29 (6): 1582
  • Numerical Modelling of Non-Linearities in MEMS Resonators JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Zega, V., Gattere, G., Koppaka, S., Alter, A., Vukasin, G. D., Frangi, A., Kenny, T. W. 2020; 29 (6): 1443–54
  • Characterization of Accelerated Fatigue in Thick Epi-Polysilicon Vacuum Encapsulated MEMS Resonators JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Alter, A. L., Flader, I. B., Chen, Y., Ortiz, L., Shin, D. D., Kenny, T. W. 2020; 29 (6): 1483–92
  • Nonlinear Dissipation in Epitaxial SCS and Polysilicon MEMS Driven at Large Amplitudes JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Alter, A. L., Flader, I. B., Chen, Y., Shin, D. D., Kenny, T. W. 2020; 29 (5): 1118–20
  • Anchor Design Affects Dominant Energy Loss Mechanism in a Lame Mode MEM Resonator JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Vukasin, G. D., Sanchez, V. K., Glaze, J., Bousse, N. E., Bissel, N., Shin, D. D., Kwon, H., Heinz, D., Yen, E., Kenny, T. W. 2020; 29 (5): 860–66
  • Limits to Thermal-Piezoresistive Cooling in Silicon Micromechanical Resonators JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Miller, J. L., Zhu, H., Sundaram, S., Vukasin, G. D., Chen, Y., Flader, I. B., Shin, D. D., Kenny, T. W. 2020; 29 (5): 677–84
  • Quality Factor Extraction and Enhancement Across Temperature in Ring Resonators JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Alter, A. L., Gerrard, D. D., Kwon, H., Vukasin, G. D., Kenny, T. W. 2020; 29 (5): 1124–26
  • Negative Nonlinear Dissipation in Microelectromechanical Beams JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Bousse, N., Miller, J., Alter, A., Cameron, C., Kwon, H., Vukasin, G., Kenny, T. W. 2020; 29 (5): 954–59
  • Crystal Orientation Dependent Dual Frequency Ovenized MEMS Resonator With Temperature Stability and Shock Robustness Kwon, H., Vukasin, G. D., Bousse, N. E., Kenny, T. W. IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. 2020: 1130–31
  • On the effect of linear feedback and parametric pumping on a resonator's frequency stability NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS Mohammadi, Z., Heugel, T. L., Miller, J. L., Shin, D. D., Kwon, H., Kenny, T. W., Chitra, R., Zilberberg, O., Villanueva, L. 2020; 22 (9)
  • Spectral narrowing of parametrically pumped thermomechanical noise APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Miller, J. L., Shin, D. D., Kwon, H., Shaw, S. W., Kenny, T. W. 2020; 117 (3)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/5.0009848

    View details for Web of Science ID 000554946500002

  • Low-Power Dual Mode MEMS Resonators With PPB Stability Over Temperature Ortiz, L., Kwon, H., Rodriguez, J., Chen, Y., Vukasin, G. D., Heinz, D. B., Shin, D. D., Kenny, T. W. IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. 2020: 190–201
  • Quality factor tuning of micromechanical resonators via electrical dissipation APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Bousse, N. E., Miller, J. L., Kwon, H., Vukasin, G. D., Kenny, T. W. 2020; 116 (2)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.5125286

    View details for Web of Science ID 000518030500007

  • AN EPI-SEAL ENCAPSULATED FRANKLIN OSCILLATOR SUSTAINING MORE THAN 200,000,000 ELECTRIC SWITCHING CYCLES Kassie, D. A., Flader, I. B., Shmulevich, S., Kwon, H., Kenny, T. W., Elata, D., IEEE IEEE. 2020: 230–33
  • Thermal Accelerometer Performance Enhancements through AC Biasing Schemes Kaplan, K. E., Winterkorn, M. M., Kim, H. K., Everhart, C. M., Prinz, F. B., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2020
  • Design Comparison and Survivability of Fipitaxially hncapsulated MFMS Disc Resonating Gyroscopes at High Shock (> 27,000g) Cameron, C. P., Imamura, T., Devmalya, C., Vukasin, G., Alter, A., Kenny, T., IEEE IEEE. 2020
  • THERMAL STABILITY OF DETF MEMS RESONATORS: NUMERICAL MODELLING AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION Zega, V., Opreni, A., Mussi, G., Kwon, H., Vukasin, G., Gattere, G., Langfelder, G., Frangi, A., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2020: 1207–10
  • REQUENCY STABILIZATION IN AN ENCAPSULATED HIGH-Q MICROMECHANICAL RESONATOR VIA INTERNAL RESONANCE Yu, J., Kwon, H., Vukasin, G. D., Kenny, T. W., Cho, H., IEEE IEEE. 2020: 1191–94
  • TEMPERATURE HYSTERESIS IN PIEZORESISTIVE MICROCANTILEVERS Miller, J. L., Zhang, Z., Bousse, N. E., Coso, D., Sadat, S., IEEE IEEE. 2020: 1203–6
  • NONLINEAR MODAL INTERACTIONS AND INTERNAL RESONANCE IN A MICROMACHINED DISK RESONATOR Sun, J., Zhang, H., Chen, D., Pandit, M., Sobreviela, G., Xiao, D., Zhuo, M., Gerrard, D. D., Kwon, R., Vukasin, G., Kenny, T. W., Seshia, A., IEEE IEEE. 2020: 769–72
  • Thermomechanical-Noise-Limited Capacitive Transduction of Encapsulated MEM Resonators JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Miller, J. L., Bousse, N. E., Heinz, D. B., Kim, H. K., Kwon, H., Vukasin, G. D., Kenny, T. W. 2019; 28 (6): 965–76
  • Phase Control of Self-Excited Parametric Resonators PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED Miller, J. L., Shin, D. D., Kwon, H., Shaw, S. W., Kenny, T. W. 2019; 12 (4)
  • Micro-Tethering for Fabrication of Encapsulated Inertial Sensors With High Sensitivity JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Flader, I. B., Chen, Y., Yang, Y., Ng, E. J., Shin, D. D., Heinz, D. B., Ortiz, L., Alter, A. L., Park, W., Goodson, K. E., Kenny, T. W. 2019; 28 (3): 372–81
  • Electrical Properties of Ultrathin Platinum Films by Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Kim, H. K., Kaplan, K. E., Schindler, P., Xu, S., Winterkorn, M. M., Heinz, D. B., English, T. S., Provine, J., Prinz, F. B., Kenny, T. W. 2019; 11 (9): 9594–99

    Abstract

    The ability to deposit thin and conformal films has become of great importance because of downscaling of devices. However, because of nucleation difficulty, depositing an electrically stable and thin conformal platinum film on an oxide nucleation layer has proven challenging. By using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) and TiO2 as a nucleation layer, we achieved electrically continuous PEALD platinum films down to a thickness of 3.7 nm. Results show that for films as thin as 5.7 nm, the Mayadas-Shatzkes (MS) model for electrical conductivity and the Tellier-Tosser model for temperature coefficient of resistance hold. Although the experimental values start to deviate from the MS model below 5.7 nm because of incomplete Pt coverage, the films still show root mean square electrical stability better than 50 ppm over time, indicating that these films are not only electrically continuous but also sufficiently reliable for use in many practical applications.

    View details for DOI 10.1021/acsami.8b21054

    View details for Web of Science ID 000460996900096

    View details for PubMedID 30707831

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6407042

  • Direct Detection of Akhiezer Damping in a Silicon MEMS Resonator. Scientific reports Rodriguez, J., Chandorkar, S. A., Watson, C. A., Glaze, G. M., Ahn, C. H., Ng, E. J., Yang, Y., Kenny, T. W. 2019; 9 (1): 2244

    Abstract

    Silicon Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) resonators have broad commercial applications for timing and inertial sensing. However, the performance of MEMS resonators is constrained by dissipation mechanisms, some of which are easily detected and well-understood, but some of which have never been directly observed. In this work, we present measurements of the quality factor, Q, for a family of single crystal silicon Lame-mode resonators as a function of temperature, from 80-300K. By comparing these Q measurements on resonators with variations in design, dimensions, and anchors, we have been able to show that gas damping, thermoelastic dissipation, and anchor damping are not significant dissipation mechanisms for these resonators. The measured f·Q product for these devices approaches 2*1013, which is consistent with the expected range for Akhiezer damping, and the dependence of Q on temperature and geometry is consistent with expectations for Akhiezer damping. These results thus provide the first clear, direct detection of Akhiezer dissipation in a MEMS resonator, which is widely considered to be the ultimate limit to Q in silicon MEMS devices.

    View details for PubMedID 30783192

  • Direct Detection of Akhiezer Damping in a Silicon MEMS Resonator SCIENTIFIC REPORTS Rodriguez, J., Chandorkar, S. A., Watson, C. A., Glaze, G. M., Ahn, C. H., Ng, E. J., Yang, Y., Kenny, T. W. 2019; 9
  • NONLINEARITY OF DEGENERATELY DOPED FLEXURAL MODE SILICON MICROMECHANICAL RESONATORS Koppaka, S., Alter, A. L., Vukasin, G. D., Shin, D. D., Flader, I. B., Chen, Y., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2019: 1897–1900
  • Dynamic modulation of modal coupling in microelectromechanical gyroscopic ring resonators. Nature communications Zhou, X. n., Zhao, C. n., Xiao, D. n., Sun, J. n., Sobreviela, G. n., Gerrard, D. D., Chen, Y. n., Flader, I. n., Kenny, T. W., Wu, X. n., Seshia, A. A. 2019; 10 (1): 4980

    Abstract

    Understanding and controlling modal coupling in micro/nanomechanical devices is integral to the design of high-accuracy timing references and inertial sensors. However, insight into specific physical mechanisms underlying modal coupling, and the ability to tune such interactions is limited. Here, we demonstrate that tuneable mode coupling can be achieved in capacitive microelectromechanical devices with dynamic electrostatic fields enabling strong coupling between otherwise uncoupled modes. A vacuum-sealed microelectromechanical silicon ring resonator is employed in this work, with relevance to the gyroscopic lateral modes of vibration. It is shown that a parametric pumping scheme can be implemented through capacitive electrodes surrounding the device that allows for the mode coupling strength to be dynamically tuned, as well as allowing greater flexibility in the control of the coupling stiffness. Electrostatic pump based sideband coupling is demonstrated, and compared to conventional strain-mediated sideband operations. Electrostatic coupling is shown to be very efficient, enabling strong, tunable dynamical coupling.

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s41467-019-12796-0

    View details for PubMedID 31672971

  • SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT IN MEM RESONANT SENSORS USING PARAMETRIC SUPPRESSION Miller, J. L., Bousse, N. E., Shin, D. D., Kwon, H., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2019: 881–84
  • EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE THICKNESS ON ANCHOR DAMPING IN MEMS DEVICES Vukasin, G. D., Sanchez, V. K., Cameron, C. P., Kwon, H., Rodriguez, J., Flader, I. B., Chen, Y., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2019: 1843–45
  • EXPERIMENTALLY OBSERVED NONLINEAR DISSIPATION LINKED TO CONTRIBUTIONS FROM GAS DAMPING AND TED IN MEMS FLEXURAL MODE RESONATORS Alter, A. L., Vukasin, G. D., Flader, I. B., Kim, H., Chen, Y., Shin, D. D., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2019: 2095–98
  • A Dual-Axis Resonant Accelerometer Based on Electrostatic Stiffness Modulation in Epi-Seal Process Shin, S., Wen, H., Kwon, H., Vukasin, G. D., Kenny, T. W., Ayazi, F., IEEE IEEE. 2019
  • High-speed video microscopy and numerical modeling of bubble dynamics near a surface of urinary stone. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Pishchalnikov, Y. A., Behnke-Parks, W. M., Schmidmayer, K. n., Maeda, K. n., Colonius, T. n., Kenny, T. W., Laser, D. J. 2019; 146 (1): 516

    Abstract

    Ultra-high-speed video microscopy and numerical modeling were used to assess the dynamics of microbubbles at the surface of urinary stones. Lipid-shell microbubbles designed to accumulate on stone surfaces were driven by bursts of ultrasound in the sub-MHz range with pressure amplitudes on the order of 1 MPa. Microbubbles were observed to undergo repeated cycles of expansion and violent collapse. At maximum expansion, the microbubbles' cross-section resembled an ellipse truncated by the stone. Approximating the bubble shape as an oblate spheroid, this study modeled the collapse by solving the multicomponent Euler equations with a two-dimensional-axisymmetric code with adaptive mesh refinement for fine resolution of the gas-liquid interface. Modeled bubble collapse and high-speed video microscopy showed a distinctive circumferential pinching during the collapse. In the numerical model, this pinching was associated with bidirectional microjetting normal to the rigid surface and toroidal collapse of the bubble. Modeled pressure spikes had amplitudes two-to-three orders of magnitude greater than that of the driving wave. Micro-computed tomography was used to study surface erosion and formation of microcracks from the action of microbubbles. This study suggests that engineered microbubbles enable stone-treatment modalities with driving pressures significantly lower than those required without the microbubbles.

    View details for DOI 10.1121/1.5116693

    View details for PubMedID 31370610

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6660306

  • Pseudo-Extensional Mode MEMS Ring Gyroscope Prikhodko, I. P., Gregory, J. A., Shin, D., Kwon, R., Kenny, T. W., Judy, M. W., IEEE IEEE. 2019
  • Effective quality factor tuning mechanisms in micromechanical resonators APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS Miller, J., Ansari, A., Heinz, D. B., Chen, Y., Flader, I. B., Shin, D. D., Villanueva, L., Kenny, T. W. 2018; 5 (4)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.5027850

    View details for Web of Science ID 000454617500019

  • Thermal-Piezoresistive Tuning of the Effective Quality Factor of a Micromechanical Resonator PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED Miller, J., Zhu, H., Heinz, D. B., Chen, Y., Flader, I. B., Shin, D. D., Lee, J., Kenny, T. W. 2018; 10 (4)
  • Direct Detection of Anchor Damping in MEMS Tuning Fork Resonators JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Rodriguez, J., Chandorkar, S., Glaze, G. M., Gerrard, D. D., Chen, Y., Heinz, D. B., Flader, I. B., Kenny, T. W. 2018; 27 (5): 800–809
  • Assessing failure in epitaxially encapsulated micro-scale sensors using micro and nano x-ray computed tomography MRS COMMUNICATIONS Ortiz, L., Heinz, D. B., Flader, I. B., Alter, A. L., Shin, D. D., Chen, Y., Kenny, T. W. 2018; 8 (2): 275–82
  • Dielectric barrier layers by low-temperature plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of silicon dioxide THIN SOLID FILMS Barako, M. T., English, T. S., Roy-Panzer, S., Kenny, T. W., Goodson, K. E. 2018; 649: 24–29
  • UNANTICIPATED RESULTS IN THE FIRST DIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF ANCHOR DAMPING IN MEMS RESONATORS Rodriguez, J., Gerrard, D. D., Glaze, G. M., Chandorkar, S., Chen, Y., Flader, I. B., Shin, D. D., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2018: 543–46
  • Experimental observations and numerical modeling of lipid-shell microbubbles with calcium-adhering moieties for minimally-invasive treatment of urinary stones. Proceedings of meetings on acoustics. Acoustical Society of America Pishchalnikov, Y. A., Behnke-Parks, W. n., Maeda, K. n., Colonius, T. n., Mellema, M. n., Hopcroft, M. n., Luong, A. n., Wiener, S. n., Stoller, M. L., Kenny, T. n., Laser, D. J. 2018; 35 (1)

    Abstract

    A novel treatment modality incorporating calcium-adhering microbubbles has recently entered human clinical trials as a new minimally-invasive approach to treat urinary stones. In this treatment method, lipid-shell gas-core microbubbles can be introduced into the urinary tract through a catheter. Lipid moities with calcium-adherance properties incorporated into the lipid shell facilitate binding to stones. The microbubbles can be excited by an extracorporeal source of quasi-collimated ultrasound. Alternatively, the microbubbles can be excited by an intraluminal source, such as a fiber-optic laser. With either excitation technique, calcium-adhering microbubbles can significantly increase rates of erosion, pitting, and fragmentation of stones. We report here on new experiments using high-speed photography to characterize microbubble expansion and collapse. The bubble geometry observed in the experiments was used as one of the initial shapes for the numerical modeling. The modeling showed that the bubble dynamics strongly depends on bubble shape and stand-off distance. For the experimentally observed shape of microbubbles, the numerical modeling showed that the collapse of the microbubbles was associated with pressure increases of some two-to-three orders of magnitude compared to the excitation source pressures. This in-vitro study provides key insights into the use of microbubbles with calcium-adhering moieties in treatment of urinary stones.

    View details for DOI 10.1121/2.0000958

    View details for PubMedID 32440311

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC7241592

  • Lateral Diffusion Doping of Silicon for Temperature Compensation of MEMS Resonators Shin, D. D., Heinz, D. B., Kwon, H., Chen, Y., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2018: 125–28
  • Active Temperature Compensation of Thermal Accelerometer for Improved Stability Kaplan, K. E., Winterkorn, M. M., Everhart, C. M., Shin, D. D., O'Brien, G. J., Prinz, F. B., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2018: 155–56
  • Investigation of Orientation Dependence of the Thermal Expansion Coefficient in Silicon MEMS Resonators Rodriguez, J., Vukasin, G. D., Glaze, G. M., Hopcroft, M. A., Ortiz, L., Ahn, C. H., Ng, E., Park, W., Kenny, T. W., Watson, C. A., IEEE IEEE. 2018: 108–11
  • EXPERIMENTAL FRACTAL-LIKE INSTABILITY BANDS IN A RESONANT SILICON-SILICON CONTACT PULL-IN VIBRATION DETECTOR Maiwald, V., Flader, I. B., Muller, M., Chen, Y., Pluss, S., Shin, D. D., Roman, C., Heinz, D. B., Kenny, T. W., Hierold, C., IEEE IEEE. 2018: 984–87
  • TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION OF RESONANT ACCELEROMETER VIA NONLINEAR OPERATION Shin, D. D., Chen, Y., Flader, I. B., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2018: 1012–15
  • THERMAL EFFECTS OF OVENIZED CLOCKS ON EPISEAL ENCAPSULATED INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNITS Ortiz, L., Flader, I. B., Vukasin, G. D., Gerrard, D. D., Chandorkar, S. A., Rodriguez, J., Shin, D. D., Kwon, R., Heinz, D. B., Chen, Y., Park, W., Goodson, K. E., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2018: 980–83
  • HIGH STABILITY THERMAL ACCELEROMETER BASED ON ULTRATHIN PLATINUM ALD NANOSTRUCTURES Everhart, C. M., Kaplan, K. E., Winterkorn, M. M., Kwon, H., Provine, J., Asheghi, M., Goodson, K. E., Prinz, F. B., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2018: 976–79
  • High Quality Factor Mode Ordered Dual Foucault Pendulum Gyroscope Asadian, M. H., Askari, S., Flader, I. B., Chen, Y., Gerrard, D. D., Shin, D. D., Kwon, H., Kenny, T. W., Shkel, A. M., IEEE IEEE. 2018: 1130–33
  • Robust Method of Fabricating Epitaxially Encapsulated MEMS Devices with Large Gaps JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Chen, Y., Flader, I. B., Shin, D. D., Ahn, C., Rodriguez, J., Kenny, T. W. 2017; 26 (6): 1235–43
  • Measurement of Young's modulus and residual stress of atomic layer deposited Al2O3 and Pt thin films JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING Purkl, F., Daus, A., English, T. S., Provine, J., Feyh, A., Urban, G., Kenny, T. W. 2017; 27 (8)
  • Phonon conduction in silicon nanobeams APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Park, W., Shin, D. D., Kim, S., Katz, J. S., Park, J., Ahn, C., Kodama, T., Asheghi, M., Kenny, T. W., Goodson, K. E. 2017; 110 (21)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.4983790

    View details for Web of Science ID 000402320000033

  • Modeling and Analysis for Thermal Management in Gallium Nitride HEMTs Using Microfluidic Cooling JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING Agarwal, G., Kazior, T., Kenny, T., Weinstein, D. 2017; 139 (1)

    View details for DOI 10.1115/1.4035064

    View details for Web of Science ID 000395123200003

  • MICRO-TETHERING FOR IN-PROCESS STICTION MITIGATION OF HIGHLY COMPLIANT STRUCTURES Flader, I. B., Chen, Y., Shin, D. D., Heinz, D. B., Ortiz, L., Alter, A. L., Park, W., Goodson, K. E., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2017: 675–78
  • HIGH-G (>20,000g) INERTIAL SHOCK SURVIVABILITY OF EPITAXIALLY ENCAPSULATED SILICON MEMS DEVICES Heinz, D. B., Hong, V. A., Yang, Y., Ahn, C., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2017: 1122–25
  • EPITAXIALLY-ENCAPSULATED QUAD MASS RESONATOR WITH SHAPED COMB FINGERS FOR FREQUENCY TUNING Taheri-Tehrani, P., Defoort, M., Chen, Y., Flader, I., Shin, D. D., Kenny, T. W., Horsley, D. A., IEEE IEEE. 2017: 1111–14
  • TRI-MODE OPERATION OF HIGHLY DOPED SILICON RESONATORS FOR TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED TIMING REFERENCES Chen, Y., Shin, D. D., Flader, I. B., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2017: 1158–61
  • MANIPULATION OF HEAT FLUX PATHS IN THERMO-ELASTICALLY DAMPED RESONATORS FOR Q OPTIMIZATION Gerrard, D. D., Rodriguez, J., Ortiz, L., Chandorkar, S. A., Flader, I. B., Chen, Y., Shin, D. D., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2017: 1130–33
  • ENVIRONMENTALLY ROBUST DIFFERENTIAL RESONANT ACCELEROMETER IN A WAFER-SCALE ENCAPSULATION PROCESS Shin, D. D., Ahn, C., Chen, Y., Christensen, D. L., Flader, I. B., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2017: 17–20
  • ON CROSS-TALK BETWEEN GYROSCOPES INTEGRATED ON A FOLDED MEMS IMU CUBE Efimovskaya, A., Lin, Y., Yang, Y., Ng, E., Chen, Y., Flader, I., Ahn, C. H., Hong, V., Kenny, T. W., Shkel, A. M., IEEE IEEE. 2017: 1142–45
  • Electrostatic Tuning of Temperature Coefficient of Frequency of Anisotropic Disk-Shaped Resonators Shin, D. D., Ahn, C., Chen, Y., Hong, V. A., Ng, E. J., Yang, Y., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2017: 164–67
  • Dual-Resonator MEMS Lorentz Force Magnetometer Based on Differential Frequency Modulation Sonmezoglu, S., Flader, I. B., Chen, Y., Shin, D. D., Kenny, T. W., Horsley, D. A., IEEE IEEE. 2017: 160–63
  • WAFER-SCALE ENCAPSULATION OF FULLY DIFFERENTIAL ELECTRODES FOR MUTLI-AXIS INERTIAL SENSING Flader, I. B., Chen, Y., Gerrard, D. D., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2017: 591–94
  • DIRECT COMPARISON OF STICTION PROPERTIES OF OXIDE COATED POLYSILICON AND SMOOTH SINGLE CRYSTAL SILICON Heinz, D. B., Fickler, I. B., Chen, Y., Vukasin, G. D., Ortiz, L., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2017: 1203–6
  • DUAL-RESONATOR MEMS MAGNETIC SENSOR WITH DIFFERENTIAL AMPLITUDE MODULATION Sonmezoglu, S., Flader, I. B., Chen, Y., Shin, D. D., Kenny, T. W., Horsley, D. A., IEEE IEEE. 2017: 814–17
  • Direct Measurements of Anchor Damping in MEMS Resonators Rodriguez, J., Gerrard, D. D., Glaze, G. M., Chandorkar, S., Comenecia, L., Chen, Y., Flader, I. B., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2017: 10–12
  • Fabrication of Wide and Deep Cavities for Silicon MEMS Devices Without Wafer Bonding Chen, Y., Flader, I. B., Shin, D. D., Ahn, C., Ortiz, L., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2017: 113–16
  • Compact Roll-Pitch-Yaw Gyroscope Implemented in Wafer-level Epitaxial Silicon Encapsulation Process Efimovskaya, A., Yang, Y., Ng, E., Chen, Y., Flader, I., Kenny, T. W., Shkel, A. M., IEEE IEEE. 2017: 181–82
  • Nonlinear damping and dephasing in nanomechanical systems PHYSICAL REVIEW B Atalaya, J., Kenny, T. W., Roukes, M. L., Dykman, M. I. 2016; 94 (19)
  • Nonlinearity of Degenerately Doped Bulk-Mode Silicon MEMS Resonators JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Yang, Y., Ng, E. J., Polunin, P. M., Chen, Y., Flader, I. B., Shaw, S. W., Dykman, M. I., Kenny, T. W. 2016; 25 (5): 859-869
  • Phase Noise Reduction in an MEMS Oscillator Using a Nonlinearly Enhanced Synchronization Domain JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Shoshani, O., Heywood, D., Yang, Y., Kenny, T. W., Shaw, S. W. 2016; 25 (5): 870-876
  • Parallel preparation of plan-view transmission electron microscopy specimens by vapor-phase etching with integrated etch stops ULTRAMICROSCOPY English, T. S., Provine, J., Marshall, A. F., Koh, A. L., Kenny, T. W. 2016; 166: 39-47

    Abstract

    Specimen preparation remains a practical challenge in transmission electron microscopy and frequently limits the quality of structural and chemical characterization data obtained. Prevailing methods for thinning of specimens to electron transparency are serial in nature, time consuming, and prone to producing artifacts and specimen failure. This work presents an alternative method for the preparation of plan-view specimens using isotropic vapor-phase etching with integrated etch stops. An ultrathin amorphous etch-stop layer simultaneously serves as an electron transparent support membrane whose thickness is defined by a controlled growth process such as atomic layer deposition with sub-nanometer precision. This approach eliminates the need for mechanical polishing or ion milling to achieve electron transparency, and reduces the occurrence of preparation induced artifacts. Furthermore, multiple specimens from a plurality of samples can be thinned in parallel due to high selectivity of the vapor-phase etching process. These features enable dramatic reductions in preparation time and cost without sacrificing specimen quality and provide advantages over wet etching techniques. Finally, we demonstrate a platform for high-throughput transmission electron microscopy of plan-view specimens by combining the parallel preparation capabilities of vapor-phase etching with wafer-scale micro- and nanofabrication.

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.04.003

    View details for Web of Science ID 000376734400005

    View details for PubMedID 27160487

  • Experimental Investigation Into Stiction Forces and Dynamic Mechanical Anti-Stiction Solutions in Ultra-Clean Encapsulated MEMS Devices JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Heinz, D. B., Hong, V. A., Ahn, C. H., Ng, E. J., Yang, Y., Kenny, T. W. 2016; 25 (3): 469-478
  • A Unified Epi-Seal Process for Fabrication of High-Stability Microelectromechanical Devices JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Yang, Y., Ng, E. J., Chen, Y., Flader, I. B., Kenny, T. W. 2016; 25 (3): 489-497
  • Characterization of MEMS Resonator Nonlinearities Using the Ringdown Response JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Polunin, P. M., Yang, Y., Dykman, M. I., Kenny, T. W., Shaw, S. W. 2016; 25 (2): 297-303
  • Stable Encapsulated Charge-Biased Resonators JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Ng, E. J., Harrison, K. L., Yang, Y., Ahn, C. H., Hong, V. A., Howe, R. T., Kenny, T. W. 2016; 25 (1): 30-37
  • OVENIZED DUAL-MODE CLOCK (ODNIC) BASED ON HIGHLY DOPED SINGLE CRYSTAL SILICON RESONATORS Chen, Y., Ng, E. J., Shin, D. D., Ahn, C. H., Yang, Y., Flader, I. B., Hong, V. A., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2016: 91–94
  • OVERCOMING STICTION FORCES WITH RESONANT OVER-TRAVEL STOPS Hong, V. A., Heinz, D. B., Christensen, D. L., Shin, D. D., Chen, Y., Ahn, C., Yang, Y., Ng, E. J., Flader, I. B., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2016: 47–50
  • STOCHASTIC METHOD FOR DISK RESONATING GYROSCOPE MODE MATCHING AND QUADRATURE NULLING Flader, I. B., Ahn, C., Ng, E. J., Yang, Y., Hong, V. A., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2016: 998–1001
  • Q-FACTOR OPTIMIZATION IN DISK RESONATOR GYROSCOPES VIA GEOMETRIC PARAMETERIZATION Gerrard, D. D., Ahn, C. H., Flader, I. B., Chen, Y., Ng, E. J., Yang, Y., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2016: 994–97
  • ENCAPSULATED DISK RESONATOR GYROSCOPE WITH DIFFERENTIAL INTERNAL ELECTRODES Ahn, C., Shin, D. D., Hong, V. A., Yang, Y., Ng, E. J., Chen, Y., Flader, I. B., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2016: 962–65
  • EPITAXIALLY-ENCAPSULATED QUAD MASS GYROSCOPE WITH NONLINEARITY COMPENSATION Taheri-Tehrani, P., Kline, M., Izyumin, I., Eminoglu, B., Yeh, Y., Yang, Y., Chen, Y., Flader, I., Ng, E. J., Kenny, T. W., Boser, B. E., Horsley, D. A., IEEE IEEE. 2016: 966–69
  • Mode-Matched MEMS Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscopes: Myth or Reality? Prikhodko, I. P., Gregory, J. A., Clark, W. A., Geen, J. A., Judy, M. W., Ahn, C. H., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2016: 1–4
  • Autonomous Calibration of MEMS Disk Resonating Gyroscope for Improved Sensor Performance Flader, I. B., Ahn, C. H., Gerrard, D. D., Ng, E. J., Yang, Y., Hong, V. A., Pavone, M., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2016: 5803–10
  • Characterization of Oxide-Coated Polysilicon Disk Resonator Gyroscope Within a Wafer-Scale Encapsulation Process JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Ahn, C. H., Ng, E. J., Hong, V. A., Huynh, J., Wang, S., Kenny, T. W. 2015; 24 (6): 1687-1694
  • Investigation of a Vacuum Encapsulated Si-to-Si Contact Microswitch Operated From-60 degrees C to 400 degrees C JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Soon, B. W., Qian, Y., Ng, E. J., Hong, V. A., Yang, Y., Ahn, C. H., Kenny, T. W., Lee, C. 2015; 24 (6): 1906-1915
  • Temperature Dependence of the Elastic Constants of Doped Silicon (vol 24, pg 730, 2015) JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Ng, E. J., Hong, V. A., Yang, Y., Ahn, C., Everhart, C. M., Kenny, T. W. 2015; 24 (6): 2178
  • Nonhomogeneous morphology and the elastic modulus of aligned carbon nanotube films JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING Won, Y., Gao, Y., Guzman de Villoria, R., Wardle, B. L., Xiang, R., Maruyama, S., Kenny, T. W., Goodson, K. E. 2015; 25 (11)
  • Thermal Conduction in Vertically Aligned Copper Nanowire Arrays and Composites. ACS applied materials & interfaces Barako, M. T., Roy-Panzer, S., English, T. S., Kodama, T., Asheghi, M., Kenny, T. W., Goodson, K. E. 2015; 7 (34): 19251-19259

    Abstract

    The ability to efficiently and reliably transfer heat between sources and sinks is often a bottleneck in the thermal management of modern energy conversion technologies ranging from microelectronics to thermoelectric power generation. These interfaces contribute parasitic thermal resistances that reduce device performance and are subjected to thermomechanical stresses that degrade device lifetime. Dense arrays of vertically aligned metal nanowires (NWs) offer the unique combination of thermal conductance from the constituent metal and mechanical compliance from the high aspect ratio geometry to increase interfacial heat transfer and device reliability. In the present work, we synthesize copper NW arrays directly onto substrates via templated electrodeposition and extend this technique through the use of a sacrificial overplating layer to achieve improved uniformity. Furthermore, we infiltrate the array with an organic phase change material and demonstrate the preservation of thermal properties. We use the 3ω method to measure the axial thermal conductivity of freestanding copper NW arrays to be as high as 70 W m(-1) K(-1), which is more than an order of magnitude larger than most commercial interface materials and enhanced-conductivity nanocomposites reported in the literature. These arrays are highly anisotropic, and the lateral thermal conductivity is found to be only 1-2 W m(-1) K(-1). We use these measured properties to elucidate the governing array-scale transport mechanisms, which include the effects of morphology and energy carrier scattering from size effects and grain boundaries.

    View details for DOI 10.1021/acsami.5b05147

    View details for PubMedID 26284489

  • Multifunctional Integrated Sensors for Multiparameter Monitoring Applications JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Roozeboom, C. L., Hill, B. E., Vu Anh Hong, V. A., Ahn, C. H., Ng, E. J., Yang, Y., Kenny, T. W., Hopcroft, M. A., Pruitt, B. L. 2015; 24 (4): 810-821
  • Targeted microbubbles: a novel application for the treatment of kidney stones BJU INTERNATIONAL Ramaswamy, K., Marx, V., Laser, D., Kenny, T., Chi, T., Bailey, M., Sorensen, M. D., Grubbs, R. H., Stoller, M. L. 2015; 116 (1): 9-16

    Abstract

    Kidney stone disease is endemic. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy was the first major technological breakthrough where focused shockwaves were used to fragment stones in the kidney or ureter. The shockwaves induced the formation of cavitation bubbles, whose collapse released energy at the stone, and the energy fragmented the kidney stones into pieces small enough to be passed spontaneously. Can the concept of microbubbles be used without the bulky machine? The logical progression was to manufacture these powerful microbubbles ex vivo and inject these bubbles directly into the collecting system. An external source can be used to induce cavitation once the microbubbles are at their target; the key is targeting these microbubbles to specifically bind to kidney stones. Two important observations have been established: (i) bisphosphonates attach to hydroxyapatite crystals with high affinity; and (ii) there is substantial hydroxyapatite in most kidney stones. The microbubbles can be equipped with bisphosphonate tags to specifically target kidney stones. These bubbles will preferentially bind to the stone and not surrounding tissue, reducing collateral damage. Ultrasound or another suitable form of energy is then applied causing the microbubbles to induce cavitation and fragment the stones. This can be used as an adjunct to ureteroscopy or percutaneous lithotripsy to aid in fragmentation. Randall's plaques, which also contain hydroxyapatite crystals, can also be targeted to pre-emptively destroy these stone precursors. Additionally, targeted microbubbles can aid in kidney stone diagnostics by virtue of being used as an adjunct to traditional imaging methods, especially useful in high-risk patient populations. This novel application of targeted microbubble technology not only represents the next frontier in minimally invasive stone surgery, but a platform technology for other areas of medicine.

    View details for DOI 10.1111/bju.12996

    View details for Web of Science ID 000357048700006

    View details for PubMedID 25402588

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4433869

  • Predicting the closed-loop stability and oscillation amplitude of nonlinear parametrically amplified oscillators APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Zega, V., Nitzan, S., Li, M., Ahn, C. H., Ng, E., Hong, V., Yang, Y., Kenny, T., Corigliano, A., Horsley, D. A. 2015; 106 (23)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.4922533

    View details for Web of Science ID 000356170900043

  • Temperature Dependence of the Elastic Constants of Doped Silicon JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Ng, E. J., Hong, V. A., Yang, Y., Ahn, C. H., Everhart, C. L., Kenny, T. W. 2015; 24 (3): 730-741
  • Mode-Matching of Wineglass Mode Disk Resonator Gyroscope in (100) Single Crystal Silicon JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Ahn, C. H., Ng, E. J., Hong, V. A., Yang, Y., Lee, B. J., Flader, I., Kenny, T. W. 2015; 24 (2): 343-350
  • Fatigue Experiments on Single Crystal Silicon in an Oxygen-Free Environment JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Hong, V. A., Yoneoka, S., Messana, M. W., Graham, A. B., Salvia, J. C., Branchflower, T. T., Ng, E. J., Kenny, T. W. 2015; 24 (2): 351-359
  • Accurate Modeling of Quality Factor Behavior of Complex Silicon MEMS Resonators JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Ghaffari, S., Ng, E. J., Ahn, C. H., Yang, Y., Wang, S., Hong, V. A., Kenny, T. W. 2015; 24 (2): 276-288
  • Self-induced parametric amplification arising from nonlinear elastic coupling in a micromechanical resonating disk gyroscope SCIENTIFIC REPORTS Nitzan, S. H., Zega, V., Li, M., Ahn, C. H., Corigliano, A., Kenny, T. W., Horsley, D. A. 2015; 5

    Abstract

    Parametric amplification, resulting from intentionally varying a parameter in a resonator at twice its resonant frequency, has been successfully employed to increase the sensitivity of many micro- and nano-scale sensors. Here, we introduce the concept of self-induced parametric amplification, which arises naturally from nonlinear elastic coupling between the degenerate vibration modes in a micromechanical disk-resonator, and is not externally applied. The device functions as a gyroscope wherein angular rotation is detected from Coriolis coupling of elastic vibration energy from a driven vibration mode into a second degenerate sensing mode. While nonlinear elasticity in silicon resonators is extremely weak, in this high quality-factor device, ppm-level nonlinear elastic effects result in an order-of-magnitude increase in the observed sensitivity to Coriolis force relative to linear theory. Perfect degeneracy of the primary and secondary vibration modes is achieved through electrostatic frequency tuning, which also enables the phase and frequency of the parametric coupling to be varied, and we show that the resulting phase and frequency dependence of the amplification follow the theory of parametric resonance. We expect that this phenomenon will be useful for both fundamental studies of dynamic systems with low dissipation and for increasing signal-to-noise ratio in practical applications such as gyroscopes.

    View details for DOI 10.1038/srep09036

    View details for Web of Science ID 000351144900013

    View details for PubMedID 25762243

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4356982

  • SILICON-TO-SILICON MICROSWITCH WITH WIDE OPERATION TEMPERATURE RANGE Soon, B., Qian, Y., Ng, E. J., Kenny, T. W., Lee, C., IEEE IEEE. 2015: 2105–8
  • A 7PPM, 6 degrees/HR FREQUENCY-OUTPUT MEMS GYROSCOPE Izyumin, I. I., Kline, M. H., Yeh, Y., Eminoglu, B., Ahn, C., Hong, V. A., Yang, Y., Ng, E. J., Kenny, T. W., Boser, B. E., IEEE IEEE. 2015: 33–36
  • MODELING THE EFFECT OF ANCHOR GEOMETRY ON THE QUALITY FACTOR OF BULK MODE RESONATORS Gerrard, D. D., Ng, E. J., Ahn, C. H., Hong, V. A., Yang, Y., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2015: 1997–2000
  • A UNIFIED EPI-SEAL PROCESS FOR RESONATORS AND INERTIAL SENSORS Yang, Y., Ng, E. J., Chen, Y., Flader, I. B., Ahn, C., Hong, V. A., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2015: 1326–29
  • IN-SITU OVENIZATION OF LAME-MODE SILICON RESONATORS FOR TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION Chen, Y., Ng, E. J., Yang, Y., Ahn, C., Flader, I., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2015: 809–12
  • EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON MODE COUPLING OF BULK MODE SILICON MEMS RESONATORS Yang, Y., Ng, E., Polunin, P., Chen, Y., Strachan, S., Vu Hong, Ahn, C., Shoshani, O., Shaw, S., Dykman, M., Kenny, T., IEEE IEEE. 2015: 1008–11
  • Disk Resonator Gyroscope with Whole-Angle Mode Operation Taheri-Tehrani, P., Izyumin, O., Izyumin, I., Ahn, C. H., Ng, E. J., Hong, V. A., Yang, Y., Kenny, T. W., Boser, B. E., Horsley, D. A., IEEE IEEE. 2015: 9–12
  • TUNABLE QUALITY FACTOR THROUGH 1:1 MODAL COUPLING IN A DISK RESONATOR Flader, I. B., Ahn, C. H., Yang, Y., Ng, E. J., Hong, V. A., Baek, J., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2015: 1199–1202
  • Encapsulated high frequency (235 kHz), high-Q (100 k) disk resonator gyroscope with electrostatic parametric pump APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Ahn, C. H., Nitzan, S., Ng, E. J., Hong, V. A., Yang, Y., Kimbrell, T., Horsley, D. A., Kenny, T. W. 2014; 105 (24)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.4904468

    View details for Web of Science ID 000346643600074

  • Fabrication and Characterization of a Vacuum Encapsulated Curved Beam Switch for Harsh Environment Application JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Soon, B. W., Ng, E. J., Hong, V. A., Yang, Y., Ahn, C. H., Qian, Y., Kenny, T. W., Lee, C. 2014; 23 (5): 1121-1130
  • CHARACTERIZATION OF STICTION FORCES IN ULTRA-CLEAN ENCAPSULATED MEMS DEVICES Heinz, D. B., Hong, V. A., Ng, E. J., Ahn, C., Yang, Y., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2014: 588–91
  • STABLE PULL-IN ELECTRODES FOR NARROW GAP ACTUATION Ng, E. J., Yang, Y., Hong, V. A., Ahn, C., Christensen, D. L., Gibson, B. A., Qalandar, K. R., Turner, K. L., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2014: 1281–84
  • STABLE CHARGE-BIASED CAPACITIVE RESONATORS WITH ENCAPSULATED SWITCHES Ng, E. J., Harrison, K. L., Everhart, C. L., Hong, V. A., Yang, Y., Ahn, C., Heinz, D. B., Howe, R. T., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2014: 1277–80
  • Zipping, entanglement, and the elastic modulus of aligned single-walled carbon nanotube films PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Won, Y., Gao, Y., Panzer, M. A., Xiang, R., Maruyama, S., Kenny, T. W., Cai, W., Goodson, K. E. 2013; 110 (51): 20426-20430

    Abstract

    Reliably routing heat to and from conversion materials is a daunting challenge for a variety of innovative energy technologies--from thermal solar to automotive waste heat recovery systems--whose efficiencies degrade due to massive thermomechanical stresses at interfaces. This problem may soon be addressed by adhesives based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, which promise the revolutionary combination of high through-plane thermal conductivity and vanishing in-plane mechanical stiffness. Here, we report the data for the in-plane modulus of aligned single-walled carbon nanotube films using a microfabricated resonator method. Molecular simulations and electron microscopy identify the nanoscale mechanisms responsible for this property. The zipping and unzipping of adjacent nanotubes and the degree of alignment and entanglement are shown to govern the spatially varying local modulus, thereby providing the route to engineered materials with outstanding combinations of mechanical and thermal properties.

    View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1312253110

    View details for Web of Science ID 000328548600031

    View details for PubMedID 24309375

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3870663

  • Experimental Validation of Topology Optimization for RF MEMS Capacitive Switch Design JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Philippine, M. A., Zareie, H., Sigmund, O., Rebeiz, G. M., Kenny, T. W. 2013; 22 (6): 1296-1309
  • The effect of the temperature-dependent nonlinearities on the temperature stability of micromechanical resonators JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Lee, H. K., Melamud, R., Kim, B., Chandorkar, S., Salvia, J. C., Kenny, T. W. 2013; 114 (15)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.4825327

    View details for Web of Science ID 000326117900025

  • Lorentz force magnetometer using a micromechanical oscillator APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Li, M., Ng, E. J., Hong, V. A., Ahn, C. H., Yang, Y., Kenny, T. W., Horsley, D. A. 2013; 103 (17)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.4826278

    View details for Web of Science ID 000326455100079

  • Vacuum encapsulated resonators for humidity measurement SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL Hennessy, R. G., Shulaker, M. M., Messana, M., Graham, A. B., Klejwa, N., Provine, J., Kenny, T. W., Howe, R. T. 2013; 185: 575-581
  • Crystallographic effects in modeling fundamental behavior of MEMS silicon resonators MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL Ghaffari, S., Ahn, C. H., Ng, E. J., Wang, S., Kenny, T. W. 2013; 44 (7): 586-591
  • Stability of Silicon Microelectromechanical Systems Resonant Thermometers IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL Ng, E. J., Lee, H. K., Ahn, C. H., Melamud, R., Kenny, T. W. 2013; 13 (3)
  • Topology Optimization of Stressed Capacitive RF MEMS Switches JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Philippine, M. A., Sigmund, O., Rebeiz, G. M., Kenny, T. W. 2013; 22 (1): 206-215
  • Quantum limit of quality factor in silicon micro and nano mechanical resonators. Scientific reports Ghaffari, S., Chandorkar, S. A., Wang, S., Ng, E. J., Ahn, C. H., Hong, V., Yang, Y., Kenny, T. W. 2013; 3: 3244-?

    Abstract

    Micromechanical resonators are promising replacements for quartz crystals for timing and frequency references owing to potential for compactness, integrability with CMOS fabrication processes, low cost, and low power consumption. To be used in high performance reference application, resonators should obtain a high quality factor. The limit of the quality factor achieved by a resonator is set by the material properties, geometry and operating condition. Some recent resonators properly designed for exploiting bulk-acoustic resonance have been demonstrated to operate close to the quantum mechanical limit for the quality factor and frequency product (Q-f). Here, we describe the physics that gives rise to the quantum limit to the Q-f product, explain design strategies for minimizing other dissipation sources, and present new results from several different resonators that approach the limit.

    View details for DOI 10.1038/srep03244

    View details for PubMedID 24247809

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3832850

  • SUB-10 NANOMETER UNCOOLED PLATINUM BOLOMETERS VIA PLASMA ENHANCED ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION Purkl, F., English, T., Yama, G., Provine, J., Samarao, A. K., Feyh, A., O'Brien, G., Ambacher, O., Howe, R. T., Kenny, T. W., IEEE IEEE. 2013: 185–88
  • Quantum limit of quality factor in silicon micro and nano mechanical resonators. Scientific reports Ghaffari, S., Chandorkar, S. A., Wang, S., Ng, E. J., Ahn, C. H., Hong, V., Yang, Y., Kenny, T. W. 2013; 3: 3244-?

    Abstract

    Micromechanical resonators are promising replacements for quartz crystals for timing and frequency references owing to potential for compactness, integrability with CMOS fabrication processes, low cost, and low power consumption. To be used in high performance reference application, resonators should obtain a high quality factor. The limit of the quality factor achieved by a resonator is set by the material properties, geometry and operating condition. Some recent resonators properly designed for exploiting bulk-acoustic resonance have been demonstrated to operate close to the quantum mechanical limit for the quality factor and frequency product (Q-f). Here, we describe the physics that gives rise to the quantum limit to the Q-f product, explain design strategies for minimizing other dissipation sources, and present new results from several different resonators that approach the limit.

    View details for DOI 10.1038/srep03244

    View details for PubMedID 24247809

  • RESONANT PRESSURE SENSOR WITH ON-CHIP TEMPERATURE AND STRAIN SENSORS FOR ERROR CORRECTION 26th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Chiang, C., Graham, A. B., Lee, B. J., Ahn, C. H., Ng, E. J., O'Brien, G. J., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2013: 45–48
  • Bidirectionally tuning Kapitza conductance through the inclusion of substitutional impurities JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Duda, J. C., English, T. S., Piekos, E. S., Beechem, T. E., Kenny, T. W., Hopkins, P. E. 2012; 112 (7)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.4757941

    View details for Web of Science ID 000310489400041

  • Phase and thickness dependent modulus of Ge2Sb2Te5 films down to 25 nm thickness APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Won, Y., Lee, J., Asheghi, M., Kenny, T. W., Goodson, K. E. 2012; 100 (16)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.3699227

    View details for Web of Science ID 000303128500018

  • Electrical and Thermal Conduction in Atomic Layer Deposition Nanobridges Down to 7 nm Thickness NANO LETTERS Yoneoka, S., Lee, J., Liger, M., Yama, G., Kodama, T., Gunji, M., Provine, J., Howe, R. T., Goodson, K. E., Kennyt, T. W. 2012; 12 (2): 683-686

    Abstract

    While the literature is rich with data for the electrical behavior of nanotransistors based on semiconductor nanowires and carbon nanotubes, few data are available for ultrascaled metal interconnects that will be demanded by these devices. Atomic layer deposition (ALD), which uses a sequence of self-limiting surface reactions to achieve high-quality nanolayers, provides an unique opportunity to study the limits of electrical and thermal conduction in metal interconnects. This work measures and interprets the electrical and thermal conductivities of free-standing platinum films of thickness 7.3, 9.8, and 12.1 nm in the temperature range from 50 to 320 K. Conductivity data for the 7.3 nm bridge are reduced by 77.8% (electrical) and 66.3% (thermal) compared to bulk values due to electron scattering at material and grain boundaries. The measurement results indicate that the contribution of phonon conduction is significant in the total thermal conductivity of the ALD films.

    View details for DOI 10.1021/nl203548w

    View details for PubMedID 22224582

  • Mechanical characterization of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube films using microfabricated resonators CARBON Won, Y., Gao, Y., Panzer, M. A., Dogbe, S., Pan, L., Kenny, T. W., Goodson, K. E. 2012; 50 (2): 347-355
  • Reduction of Initial Stress Stiffening by Topology Optimization Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS (DTIP) Philippine, M. A., Sigmund, O., Rebeiz, G. M., Kenny, T. W. IEEE COMPUTER SOC. 2012: 148–153
  • ANHARMONIC PHONON DISPERSION RELATIONS, GROUP VELOCITIES, AND BRANCH-DEPENDENT SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITIES MEASURED DIRECTLY FROM MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS AT FINITE TEMPERATURES ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference (SHTC) English, T. S., Kenny, T. W., Smoyer, J. L., Baker, C. H., Le, N. Q., Duda, J. C., Norris, P. M., Hopkins, P. E. AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. 2012: 617–624
  • A SINGLE PROCESS FOR BUILDING CAPACITIVE PRESSURE SENSORS AND TIMING REFERENCES WITH PRECISE CONTROL OF RELEASED AREA USING LATERAL ETCH STOP 25th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Chiang, C., Graham, A. B., O'Brien, G. J., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2012
  • Crust Removal and Effective Modulus of Aligned Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Films 13th IEEE InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm) Won, Y., Gao, Y., de Villoria, R. G., Wardle, B. L., Kenny, T. W., Goodson, K. E. IEEE. 2012: 1070–1076
  • Electrostatic Tuning to Achieve Higher Stability Microelectromechanical Composite Resonators JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Lee, H. K., Melamud, R., Kim, B., Hopcroft, M. A., Salvia, J. C., Kenny, T. W. 2011; 20 (6): 1355-1365
  • Stable Operation of MEMS Oscillators Far Above the Critical Vibration Amplitude in the Nonlinear Regime JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Lee, H. K., Melamud, R., Chandorkar, S., Salvia, J., Yoneoka, S., Kenny, T. W. 2011; 20 (6): 1228-1230
  • Influence of the temperature dependent nonlinearities on the performance of micromechanical resonators APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Lee, H. K., Kim, B., Melamud, R., Hopcroft, M. A., Salvia, J. C., Kenny, T. W. 2011; 99 (19)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.3660235

    View details for Web of Science ID 000297030200082

  • Orientation angle and the adhesion of single gecko setae JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE Hill, G. C., Soto, D. R., Peattie, A. M., Full, R. J., Kenny, T. W. 2011; 8 (60): 926-933

    Abstract

    We investigated the effects of orientation angle on the adhesion of single gecko setae using dual-axis microelectromechanical systems force sensors to simultaneously detect normal and shear force components. Adhesion was highly sensitive to the pitch angle between the substrate and the seta's stalk. Maximum lateral adhesive force was observed with the stalk parallel to the substrate, and adhesion decreased smoothly with increasing pitch. The roll orientation angle only needed to be roughly correct with the spatular tuft of the seta oriented grossly towards the substrate for high adhesion. Also, detailed measurements were made to control for the effect of normal preload forces. Higher normal preload forces caused modest enhancement of the observed lateral adhesive force, provided that adequate contact was made between the seta and the substrate. These results should be useful in the design and manufacture of gecko-inspired synthetic adhesives with anisotropic properties, an area of substantial recent research efforts.

    View details for DOI 10.1098/rsif.2010.0720

    View details for Web of Science ID 000290898500002

    View details for PubMedID 21288955

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3104340

  • AC Polarization for Charge-Drift Elimination in Resonant Electrostatic MEMS and Oscillators JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Bahl, G., Salvia, J. C., Melamud, R., Kim, B., Howe, R. T., Kenny, T. W. 2011; 20 (2): 355-364
  • Wafer-Level Epitaxial Silicon Packaging for Out-of-Plane RF MEMS Resonators with Integrated Actuation Electrodes IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS PACKAGING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY Chen, K., Wang, S., Salvia, J. C., Melamud, R., Howe, R. T., Kenny, T. W. 2011; 1 (3): 310-317
  • 3-D visualization of flow in microscale jet impingement systems INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES Won, Y., Wang, E. N., Goodson, K. E., Kenny, T. W. 2011; 50 (3): 325-331
  • Motional Impedance of Resonators in the Nonlinear Regime 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/25th European Frequency and Time Forum Lee, H. K., Melamud, R., Chandorkar, S., Qu, Y. Q., Salvia, J., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2011: 372–377
  • Tip-Based Nanofabrication: An Approach to True Nanotechnology Bloschock, K. P., Schofield, A. R., Kenny, T. W., George, T., Islam, M. S., Dutta, A. K. SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2011

    View details for DOI 10.1117/12.887266

    View details for Web of Science ID 000291441400002

  • Stability Measurements of Silicon MEMS Resonant Thermometers 10th IEEE Conference on Sensors Ng, E. J., Lee, H. K., Ahn, C. H., Melamud, R., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2011: 1257–1260
  • Active Electrostatic Compensation of Micromechanical Resonators Under Random Vibrations JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Yoneoka, S., Salvia, J. C., Bahl, G., Melamud, R., Chandorkar, S. A., Kenny, T. W. 2010; 19 (5): 1270-1272
  • Effect of fibril shape on adhesive properties APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Soto, D., Hill, G., Parness, A., Esparza, N., Cutkosky, M., Kenny, T. 2010; 97 (5)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.3464553

    View details for Web of Science ID 000281059500064

  • What is the Young's Modulus of Silicon? JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Hopcroft, M. A., Nix, W. D., Kenny, T. W. 2010; 19 (2): 229-238
  • Characterization of Encapsulated Micromechanical Resonators Sealed and Coated With Polycrystalline SiC JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Yoneoka, S., Roper, C. S., Candler, R. N., Chandorkar, S. A., Graham, A. B., Provine, J., Maboudian, R., Howe, R. T., Kenny, T. W. 2010; 19 (2): 357-366
  • A Method for Wafer-Scale Encapsulation of Large Lateral Deflection MEMS Devices JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Graham, A. B., Messana, M. W., Hartwell, P. G., Provine, J., Yoneoka, S., Melamud, R., Kim, B., Howe, R. T., Kenny, T. W. 2010; 19 (1): 28-37
  • Model and Observations of Dielectric Charge in Thermally Oxidized Silicon Resonators JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Bahl, G., Melamud, R., Kim, B., Chandorkar, S. A., Salvia, J. C., Hopcroft, M. A., Elata, D., Hennessy, R. G., Candler, R. N., Howe, R. T., Kenny, T. W. 2010; 19 (1): 162-174
  • Real-Time Temperature Compensation of MEMS Oscillators Using an Integrated Micro-Oven and a Phase-Locked Loop JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Salvia, J. C., Melamud, R., Chandorkar, S. A., Lord, S. F., Kenny, T. W. 2010; 19 (1): 192-201
  • INFLUENCE OF THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT A-F EFFECT ON THE DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF MEMS OSCILLATORS 23rd IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2010) Lee, H. K., Salvia, J., Bahl, G., Melamud, R., Yoneoka, S., Qu, Y. Q., Chandorkar, S., Hopcroft, M. A., Kim, B., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2010: 699–702
  • STRESS RELAXATION STUDY OF SPUTTERED PLATINUM THIN FILMS AT NEAR ROOM TEMPERATURE USING AN ULTRA-SENSITIVE STRAIN GAUGE 23rd IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2010) Qu, Y. Q., Melamud, R., Chandorkar, S., Lee, H. K., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2010: 548–551
  • NONLINEARITY OF HERMETICALLY ENCAPSULATED HIGH-Q DOUBLE BALANCED BREATHE-MODE RING RESONATOR 23rd IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2010) Wang, S., Chandorkar, S., Salvia, J., Melamud, R., Qu, Y., Lee, H. K., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2010: 715–718
  • Encapsulated MEMS Resonators - A technology path for MEMS into Frequency Control Applications 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Kim, B., Melamud, R., CANDLER, R. A., Hopcroft, M. A., Jha, C. M., Chandorkar, S., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2010: 1–4
  • A NOVEL CHARACTERIZATION METHOD FOR TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION OF COMPOSITE RESONATORS 23rd IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2010) Lee, H. K., Yoneoka, S., Bahl, G., Salvia, J., Qu, Y. Q., Melamud, R., Chandorkar, S., Kim, B., Hopcroft, M. A., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2010: 743–746
  • CHARGE-DRIFT ELIMINATION IN RESONANT ELECTROSTATIC MEMS 23rd IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2010) Bahl, G., Salvia, J., Bargatin, I., Yoneoka, S., Melamud, R., Kim, B., Chandorkar, S., Hopcroft, M. A., Bahl, R., Howe, R. T., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2010: 108–111
  • HIGH-CYCLIC FATIGUE EXPERIMENTS OF SINGLE CRYSTAL SILICON IN AN OXYGEN-FREE ENVIRONMENT 23rd IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2010) Yoneoka, S., Qu, Y. Q., Wang, S., Messana, M. W., Graham, A. B., Salvia, J., Kim, B., Melamud, R., Bahl, G., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2010: 224–227
  • AN OPTIMIZATION DESIGN FOR A MEMS FABRICATED JET IMPINGEMENT COOLING DEVICE ASME InterPack Conference Won, Y. J., Lee, J. H., Wang, E. N., Goodson, K. E., Kenny, T. W. AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. 2010: 491–496
  • Temperature-Insensitive Composite Micromechanical Resonators JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Melamud, R., Chandorkar, S. A., Kim, B., Lee, H. K., Salvia, J. C., Bahl, G., Hopcroft, M. A., Kenny, T. W. 2009; 18 (6): 1409-1419
  • Development of wafer scale encapsulation process for large displacement piezoresistive MEMS devices SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Chen, K., Park, W., Kenny, T. W. 2009; 156 (2): 275-283
  • Performance Evaluation and Equivalent Model of Silicon Interconnects for Fully-Encapsulated RF MEMS Devices IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGING Chen, K., Salvia, J., Potter, R., Howe, R. T., Kenny, T. W. 2009; 32 (2): 402-409
  • Multimode thermoelastic dissipation JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Chandorkar, S. A., Candler, R. N., Duwel, A., Melamud, R., Agarwal, M., Goodson, K. E., Kenny, T. W. 2009; 105 (4)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.3072682

    View details for Web of Science ID 000263803300018

  • PHASE LOCK LOOP BASED TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION FOR MEMS OSCILLATORS 22nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Salvia, J., Melamud, R., Chandorkar, S., Lee, H. K., Qu, Y. Q., Lord, S. F., Murmann, B., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2009: 661–664
  • EPITAXIAL SILICON MICROSHELL VACUUM-ENCAPSULATED CMOS-COMPATIBLE 200 MHz BULK-MODE RESONATOR 22nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Chen, K., Chandrahalim, H., Graham, A. B., Bhave, S. A., Howe, R. T., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2009: 23–26
  • AN INTEGRATED SOLUTION FOR WAFER-LEVEL PACKAGING AND ELECTROSTATIC ACTUATION OF OUT-OF-PLANE DEVICES 22nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Chen, K., Melamud, R., Wang, S., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2009: 1071–1074
  • 3-D VISUALIZATION OF FLOW IN MICROSCALE JET IMPINGEMENT SYSTEM 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels Won, Y. J., David, M., Wang, E. N., Goodson, K. E., Kenny, T. W. AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. 2009: 759–764
  • WAFER SCALE ENCAPSULATION OF LARGE LATERAL DEFLECTION MEMS STRUCTURES 22nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Graham, A. B., Messana, M., Hartwell, P., Provine, J., Yoneoka, S., Kim, B., Melamud, R., Howe, R. T., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2009: 745–748
  • Hermeticity and diffusion investigation in polysilicon film encapsulation for microelectromechanical systems JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Kim, B., Candler, R. N., Melamud, R., Hopcroft, M. A., Yoneoka, S., Lee, H. K., Agarwal, M., Chandorkar, S. A., Yama, G., Kenny, T. W. 2009; 105 (1)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.3054366

    View details for Web of Science ID 000262534100047

  • ACCELERATION COMPENSATION OF MEMS RESONATORS USING ELECTROSTATIC TUNING 22nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Yoneoka, S., Bahl, G., Salvia, J., Chen, K. L., Graham, A. B., Lee, H. K., Yama, G., Candler, R. N., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2009: 805–808
  • Acceleration insensitive encapsulated silicon microresonator APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Jha, C. M., Salvia, J., Chandorkar, S. A., Melamud, R., Kuhl, E., Kenny, T. W. 2008; 93 (23)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.3036536

    View details for Web of Science ID 000261699700087

  • Temperature dependence of quality factor in MEMS resonators JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Kim, B., Hopcroft, M. A., Candler, R. N., Jha, C. M., Agarwal, M., Melamud, R., Chandorkar, S. A., Yama, G., Kenny, T. W. 2008; 17 (3): 755-766
  • Mission results for Sapphire, a student-built satellite ACTA ASTRONAUTICA Swartwout, M., Kitts, C., Twiggs, R., Kenny, T., Smith, B. R., Lu, R., Stattenfield, K., Pranajaya, F. 2008; 62 (8-9): 521-538
  • A study of electrostatic force nonlinearities in resonant microstructures APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Agarwal, M., Chandorkar, S. A., Mehta, H., Candler, R. N., Kim, B., Hopcroft, M. A., Melamud, R., Jha, C. M., Bahl, G., Yama, G., Kenny, T. W., Murmann, B. 2008; 92 (10)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2834707

    View details for Web of Science ID 000253989300168

  • Thermal isolation of encapsulated MEMS resonators JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Jha, C. M., Hopcroft, M. A., Chandorkar, S. A., Salvia, J. C., Agarwal, M., Candler, R. N., Melamud, R., Kim, B., Kenny, T. W. 2008; 17 (1): 175-184
  • Exploring the Limits and Practicality of Q-based Temperature Compensation for Silicon Resonators IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting Salvia, J., Messana, M., Ohline, M., Hopcroft, M. A., Melamud, R., Chandorkar, S., Lee, H. K., Bahl, G., Murmann, B., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2008: 671–674
  • Variable thermal resistors (VTR) for thermal management of chip scale atomic clocks (CSAC) 21st IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2008) Kim, H., Liao, H., Song, H. O., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2008: 852–855
  • Limits of quality factor in bulk-mode micromechanical resonators 21st IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2008) Chandorkar, S. A., Agarwal, M., Melamud, R., Candler, R. N., Goodson, K. E., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2008: 74–77
  • Identification and management of diffusion pathways in polysilicon encapsulation for MEMS devices 21st IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2008) Kim, B., Candler, R. N., Melamud, R., Yoneoka, S., Lee, H. K., Yama, G., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2008: 104–107
  • Ultraminiature encapsulated accelerometers as a fully implantable sensor for implantable hearing aids 13th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Park, W., O'Connor, K. N., Chen, K., Mallon, J. R., Maetani, T., Dalal, P., Candler, R. N., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Roberson, J. B., Puria, S., Kenny, T. W. SPRINGER. 2007: 939–49

    Abstract

    Experiments were conducted to evaluate a silicon accelerometer as an implantable sound sensor for implantable hearing aids. The main motivation of this study is to find an alternative sound sensor that is implantable inside the body, yet does not suffer from the signal attenuation from the body. The merit of the accelerometer sensor as a sound sensor will be that it will utilize the natural mechanical conduction in the middle ear as a source of the vibration. With this kind of implantable sound sensor, a totally implantable hearing aid is feasible. A piezoresistive silicon accelerometer that is completely encapsulated with a thin silicon film and long flexible flex-circuit electrical cables were used for this study. The sensor is attached on the middle ear ossicles and measures the vibration transmitted from the tympanic membrane due to the sound in the ear canal. In this study, the sensor is fully characterized on a human cadaveric temporal bone preparation.

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s10544-007-9072-4

    View details for Web of Science ID 000250462200019

    View details for PubMedID 17574533

  • Scaling of amplitude-frequency-dependence nonlinearities in electrostatically transduced microresonators JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Agarwal, M., Mehta, H., Candler, R. N., Chandorkar, S. A., Kim, B., Hopcroft, M. A., Melamud, R., Bahl, G., Yama, G., Kenny, T. W., Murmann, B. 2007; 102 (7)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2785018

    View details for Web of Science ID 000250147700148

  • High resolution microresonator-based digital temperature sensor APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Jha, C. M., Bahl, G., Melamud, R., Chandorkar, S. A., Hopcroft, M. A., Kim, B., Agarwal, M., Salvia, J., Mehta, H., Kenny, T. W. 2007; 91 (7)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2768629

    View details for Web of Science ID 000248866600117

  • Using the temperature dependence of resonator quality factor as a thermometer APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Hopcroft, M. A., Kim, B., Chandorkar, S., Melamud, R., Agarwal, M., Jha, C. M., Bahl, G., Salvia, J., Mehta, H., Lee, H. K., Candler, R. N., Kenny, T. W. 2007; 91 (1)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2753758

    View details for Web of Science ID 000247819700074

  • Temperature-compensated high-stability silicon resonators APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Melamud, R., Kim, B., Chandorkar, S. A., Hopcroft, M. A., Agarwal, M., Jha, C. M., Kenny, T. W. 2007; 90 (24)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2748092

    View details for Web of Science ID 000247305400116

  • A multiaxis force sensor for the study of insect biomechanics JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Bartsch, M. S., Federle, W., Full, R. J., Kenny, T. W. 2007; 16 (3): 709-718
  • Frequency stability of wafer-scale film encapsulated silicon based MEMS resonators SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL Kim, B., Candler, R. N., Hopcroft, M. A., Agarwal, M., Park, W., Kenny, T. W. 2007; 136 (1): 125-131
  • Wafer-scale fabrication of infrared detectors based on tunneling displacement transducers SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL Ajakaiye, A., Grade, J., Shin, C., Kenny, T. 2007; 134 (2): 575-581
  • Inhibition of metalloprotease botulinum serotype A from a pseudo-peptide binding mode to a small molecule that is active in primary neurons JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY Burnett, J. C., Ruthel, G., Stegmann, C. M., Panchal, R. G., Nguyen, T. L., Hermone, A. R., Stafford, R. G., Lane, D. J., Kenny, T. A., McGrath, C. F., Wipf, P., Stahl, A. M., Schmidt, J. J., Gussio, R., Brunger, A. T., Bavari, S. 2007; 282 (7): 5004-5014

    Abstract

    An efficient research strategy integrating empirically guided, structure-based modeling and chemoinformatics was used to discover potent small molecule inhibitors of the botulinum neurotoxin serotype A light chain. First, a modeled binding mode for inhibitor 2-mercapto-3-phenylpropionyl-RATKML (K(i) = 330 nM) was generated, and required the use of a molecular dynamic conformer of the enzyme displaying the reorientation of surface loops bordering the substrate binding cleft. These flexible loops are conformationally variable in x-ray crystal structures, and the model predicted that they were pivotal for providing complementary binding surfaces and solvent shielding for the pseudo-peptide. The docked conformation of 2-mercapto-3-phenylpropionyl-RATKML was then used to refine our pharmacophore for botulinum serotype A light chain inhibition. Data base search queries derived from the pharmacophore were employed to mine small molecule (non-peptidic) inhibitors from the National Cancer Institute's Open Repository. Four of the inhibitors possess K(i) values ranging from 3.0 to 10.0 microM. Of these, NSC 240898 is a promising lead for therapeutic development, as it readily enters neurons, exhibits no neuronal toxicity, and elicits dose-dependent protection of synaptosomal-associated protein (of 25 kDa) in a primary culture of embryonic chicken neurons. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that the interaction between NSC 240898 and the botulinum A light chain is largely entropy-driven, and occurs with a 1:1 stoichiometry and a dissociation constant of 4.6 microM.

    View details for DOI 10.1074/jbc.M608166200

    View details for Web of Science ID 000244482000083

    View details for PubMedID 17092934

  • Acceleration sensitivity in beam-type electrostatic microresonators APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Agarwal, M., Park, K. K., Chandorkar, S. A., Candler, R. N., Kim, B., Hopcroft, M. A., Melamud, R., Kenny, T. W., Murmann, B. 2007; 90 (1)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2426884

    View details for Web of Science ID 000243379900112

  • Investigating the role of orientation angle on gecko, setae adhesion using a dual-axis MEMS force sensor 14th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems/21st European Conference on Solid-State Transducers Hill, G. C., Soto, D. R., Lue, S. J., Peattie, M., Full, R. J., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2007
  • Composite flexural-mode resonator with controllable turnover temperature 20th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2007) Melamud, R., Kim, B., Hopcroft, M. A., Chandorkar, S., Agarwal, M., Jha, C. M., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2007: 378–381
  • Using MEMS to build the device and the package 14th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems/21st European Conference on Solid-State Transducers Kim, B., Hopcroft, M., Jha, C. M., Melamud, R., Chandorkar, S., Agarwal, M., Chen, K. L., Park, W. T., Candler, R., Yama, G., Partridge, A., Lutz, M., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2007
  • CMOS compatible wafer-scale encapsulation with MEMS resonators ASME InterPACK Conference Kim, B., Hopcroft, M. A., Melamud, R., Jha, C. M., Agarwal, M., Chandorkar, S. A., Kenny, T. W. AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. 2007: 499–504
  • Si-SiO2 composite MEMS resonators in CMOS compatible wafer-scale thin-film encapsulation Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum Kim, B., Melamud, R., Hopcroft, M. A., Chandorkar, S. A., Bahl, G., Messana, M., Candler, R. N., Yama, G., Kenny, T. IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP. 2007: 1214–1219
  • Non-isothermal micromechanical resonators 20th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2007) Chandorkar, S. A., Mehta, H., Agarwal, M., Hopcroft, M. A., Jha, C. M., Candler, R. N., Yama, G., Bahl, G., Kim, B., Melamud, R., Goodson, K. E., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2007: 714–717
  • Impact of miniaturization on the current handling of electrostatic MEMS resonators 20th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2007) Agarwal, M., Mehta, H., Candler, R. N., Chandorkar, S. A., Kim, B., Hopicroft, M. A., Melamud, R., Bahl, G., Yama, G., Kenny, T. W., Murmann, B. IEEE. 2007: 530–533
  • An improved method of thermal resistance measurement for variable thermal resistors ASME InterPACK Conference Kim, H., Song, H. O., Kenny, T. W. AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. 2007: 249–253
  • Cmos-compatible dual-resonator mems temperature sensor with milli-degree accuracy 14th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems/21st European Conference on Solid-State Transducers Jha, C. M., Bahl, G., Melamud, R., Chandorkar, S. A., Hopcroft, M. A., Kim, B., Agarwal, M., Salvia, J., Mehta, H., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2007
  • A high-stability MEMS frequency reference 14th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems/21st European Conference on Solid-State Transducers Hopcroft, M. A., Lee, H. K., Kim, B., Melamud, R., Chandorkar, S., Agarwal, M., Jha, C. M., Salvia, J., Bahl, G., Mehta, H., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2007
  • Long-term and accelerated life testing of a novel single-wafer vacuum encapsulation for MEMS resonators JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Candler, R. N., Hopcroft, M. A., Kim, B., Park, W., Melamud, R., Agarwal, M., Yama, G., Partridge, A., Lutz, M., Kenny, T. W. 2006; 15 (6): 1446-1456
  • Engineering MEMS resonators with low thermoelastic damping JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Duwel, A., Candler, R. N., Kenny, T. W., Varghese, M. 2006; 15 (6): 1437-1445
  • Optimal drive condition for nonlinearity reduction in electrostatic microresonators APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Agarwal, M., Chandorkar, S. A., Candler, R. N., Kim, B., Hopcroft, M. A., Melamud, R., Jha, C. M., Kenny, T. W., Murmann, B. 2006; 89 (21)

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2388886

    View details for Web of Science ID 000242220000087

  • Impact of geometry on thermoelastic dissipation in micromechanical resonant beams JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Candler, R. N., Duwel, A., Varghese, M., Chandorkar, S. A., Hopcroft, M. A., Park, W., Kim, B., Yama, G., Partridge, A., Lutz, M., Kenny, T. W. 2006; 15 (4): 927-934
  • A hybrid method for bubble geometry reconstruction in two-phase microchannels EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS Wang, E. N., Devasenathipathy, S., Lin, H., Hidrovo, C. H., Santiago, J. G., Goodson, K. E., Kenny, T. W. 2006; 40 (6): 847-858
  • Encapsulated submillimeter piezoresistive accelerometers JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Park, W., Partridge, A., Candler, R. N., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Yama, G., Lutz, M., Kenny, T. W. 2006; 15 (3): 507-514
  • Two-phase microfluidics for semiconductor circuits and fuel cells HEAT TRANSFER ENGINEERING Hidrovo, C. H., Kramer, T. A., Wang, E. N., Vigneron, E., Steinbrenner, J. E., Koo, J. M., Wang, F. M., Fogg, D. W., Flynn, R. D., Lee, E. S., Cheng, C. H., Kenny, T. W., Eaton, J. K., Goodson, K. E. 2006; 27 (4): 53-63
  • Advanced cooling technologies for microprocessors Workshop on Frontiers in Electronics (WOFE-04) Kenny, T. W., Goodson, K. E., Santiago, J. G., Wang, E., Koo, J., Jiang, L., Pop, E., Sinha, S., Zhang, L., Fogg, D., Yao, S., Flynn, R., Chang, C., Hidrovo, C. H. WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD. 2006: 301–313
  • Temperature dependence of quality factor in MEMS resonators 19th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2006) Kim, B., Jha, C. M., White, T., Candler, R. N., Hopcroft, M., Agarwal, M., Park, K. K., Melamud, R., Chandorkar, S., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2006: 590–593
  • Temperature compensation of a MEMS resonator using quality factor as a thermometer 19th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2006) Hopcroft, M. A., Agarwal, M., Park, K. K., Kim, B., Jha, C. M., Candler, R. N., Yama, G., Murmann, B., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2006: 222–225
  • Nonlinear characterization of electrostatic MEMS resonators IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition Agarwal, M., Park, K. K., Candler, R. N., Kim, B., Hopcroft, M. A., Chandorkar, S. A., Jha, C. M., Melamud, R., Kenny, T. W., Murmann, B. IEEE. 2006: 209–212
  • Wafer Scale Encapsulation of Wide Gaps using oxidation of Sacrificial Beams 31st IEEE/CPMT International Electronic Manufacturing Technology Symposium Ayanoor-vitikkate, V., Chen, K., Park, W., Yama, G., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2006: 300–306
  • Effects of mechanical vibrations and bias voltage noise on phase noise of MEMS resonator based oscillators 19th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2006) Agarwal, M., Park, K. K., Hopcroft, M., Chandorkar, S., Candler, R. N., Kim, B., Melamud, R., Yama, G., Murmann, B., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2006: 154–157
  • Phase change phenomena in silicon microchannels INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER Zhang, L. A., Wang, E. N., Goodson, K. E., Kenny, T. W. 2005; 48 (8): 1572-1582
  • Impact of slot location on thermoelastic dissipation in micromechanical resonators 13th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Candler, R. N., Hopcroft, M., Low, C. W., Chandorkar, S., Kim, B., Varghese, M., Duwel, A., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2005: 597–600
  • Two-phase microfluidics for semiconductor circuits and fuel cells 3rd International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels Hidrovo, C. H., Kramer, T. A., Wang, E. N., Vigneron, S., Steinbrenner, J. E., Koo, J., Wang, F., Fogg, D. W., Flynn, R. D., Lee, E. S., Cheng, C., Kenny, T. W., Eaton, J. K., Goodson, K. E. AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. 2005: 49–58
  • Frequency stability of wafer-scale encapsulated MEMS resonators 13th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Kim, B., Candler, R. N., Hopcroft, M., Agarwal, M., Park, W. T., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2005: 1965–1968
  • Fully encapsulated sub-millimeter accelerometers 18th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Park, W. T., Candler, R. N., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Lutz, M., Partridge, A., Yama, G., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2005: 347–350
  • Effects of stress on the temperature coefficient of frequency in double clamped resonators 13th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Melamud, R., Hopcroft, M., Jha, C., Kim, B., Chandorkar, S., Candler, R., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2005: 392–395
  • Hydrogen diffusion and pressure control of encapsulated MEMS resonators 13th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Candler, R. N., Park, W. T., Hopcroft, M., Kim, B., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2005: 920–923
  • Non-linearity cancellation in MEMS resonators for improved power-handling IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting Agarwal, M., Park, K., Candler, R., Hopcroft, M., Jha, C., Melamud, R., Kim, B., Murmann, B., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2005: 295–298
  • Sub-mm encapsulated accelerometers: A fully implantable sensor for cochlear implants 13th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Park, W. T., O'Connor, K. N., Mallon, J. R., Maetani, T., Candler, R. N., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Roberson, J. B., Puria, S., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2005: 109–112
  • Study of high speed acoustic separation in micro channels using mu-PIV 8th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences Li, H., Vitikkate, V., Kenny, T. W. SPRINGER. 2005: 12–14
  • Micromachined jets for liquid impingement cooling of VLSI chips (vol 13, pg 833, 2004) JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Wang, E. N., Zhang, L., Jiang, L. N., Koo, J. M., Maveety, J. G., Sanchez, E. A., Goodson, K. E., Kenny, T. W. 2004; 13 (6): 1072-1072
  • Micromachined jets for liquid impingement cooling of VLSI chips JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Wang, E. N., Zhang, L., Jiang, L. N., Koo, J. M., Maveety, J. G., Sanchez, E. A., Goodson, K. E., Kenny, T. W. 2004; 13 (5): 833-842
  • Comparison of thermal and piezoresistive sensing approaches for atomic force microscopy topography measurements APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS King, W. P., Kenny, T. W., Goodson, K. E. 2004; 85 (11): 2086-2088

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.1787160

    View details for Web of Science ID 000223923300073

  • Fatigue crack growth in micro-machined single-crystal silicon JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH Renuart, E. D., Fitzgerald, A. M., Kenny, T. W., Dauskardt, R. H. 2004; 19 (9): 2635-2640
  • Nucleation and growth of vapor bubbles in a heated silicon microchannel JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME Wang, E. N., Devasenathipathy, S., Santiago, J. G., Goodson, K. E., Kenny, T. W. 2004; 126 (4): 497-497
  • Measurement system for low force and small displacement contacts JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Pruitt, B. L., Park, W. T., Kenny, T. W. 2004; 13 (2): 220-229
  • Development and characterization of a TES optical imaging array for astrophysics applications 10th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors Burney, J., Bay, T. J., Brink, P. L., Cabrera, B., Castle, J. P., Romani, R. W., Tomada, A., Nam, S. W., Miller, A. J., Martinis, J., Wang, E., Kenny, T., Young, B. A. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2004: 533–36
  • High speed particles separation using ultrasound for micro-TAS and lab-on-a-chip application 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society Li, H., Kenny, T. IEEE. 2004: 2631–2634
  • Fundamental noise in MEMS force sensors Conference on Noise and Information in Nanoelectronics, Sensors and Standards II Kenny, T. W., Liang, Y. C., Pruitt, B. L., Harley, J. A. SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2004: 143–151

    View details for DOI 10.1117/12.549814

    View details for Web of Science ID 000223225600017

  • High speed particles separation using ultrasound for microTAS and lab-on-a-chip application. Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference Li, H., Kenny, T. 2004; 4: 2631-2634

    Abstract

    Engineers have long envisioned that a handheld portable blood diagnosis device would be able to give an accurate measurement of chemical content based on a very small sample in the shortest time possible. One of the immediate applications of such device is the point of care (POC) diagnosis system, whereby a single drop of human blood would determine his health status. However, a major technical challenge lies in the ability to separate different particles, which in the case of human blood, is to separate red and white blood cells and plasma in a quick, cheap, reliable device with low power consumption. In this paper, we present some preliminary results from our tests of ultrasound standing waves as a potential separation mechanism for blood cells. Also, we report on the study of the behavior of suspended particles of the size equivalent to a human cell under the influence of ultrasonic acoustic field, using micro particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement technique. This provides the fundamental understanding and foundation of designing an integrated microchannel structure that can provide ultrasonic cell separation in the microscale regime. The study has shown promising results of successfully separating two different particles based on their sizes difference.

    View details for PubMedID 17270815

  • Measurements of cooling by room-temperature thermionic emission across a nanometer gap JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Hishinuma, Y., Geballe, T. H., Moyzhes, B. Y., Kenny, T. W. 2003; 94 (7): 4690-4696

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.1606852

    View details for Web of Science ID 000185420900071

  • Stress wave interference effects during fracture of silicon micromachined specimens EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS Fitzgerald, A. M., Kenny, T. W., Dauskardt, R. H. 2003; 43 (3): 317-322
  • Single wafer encapsulation of MEMS devices IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGING Candler, R. N., Park, W. T., Li, H. M., Yama, G., Partridge, A., Lutz, M., Kenny, T. W. 2003; 26 (3): 227-232
  • Design of piezoresistive MEMS-based accelerometer for integration with wireless sensing unit for structural monitoring JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Lynch, J. P., Partridge, A., Law, K. H., Kenny, T. W., Kiremidjian, A. S., Carryer, E. 2003; 16 (3): 108-114
  • Design of large deflection electrostatic actuators JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Grade, J. D., Jerman, H., Kenny, T. W. 2003; 12 (3): 335-343
  • Piezoresistive cantilevers and measurement system for characterizing low force electrical contacts SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL Pruitt, B. L., Kenny, T. W. 2003; 104 (1): 68-77
  • On-chip coupling of isoelectric focusing and free solution electrophoresis for multidimensional separations ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Herr, A. E., Molho, J. I., Drouvalakis, K. A., Mikkelsen, J. C., Utz, P. J., Santiago, J. G., Kenny, T. W. 2003; 75 (5): 1180-1187

    Abstract

    We have developed an acrylic microfluidic device that sequentially couples liquid-phase isoelectric focusing (IEF) and free solution capillary electrophoresis (CE). Rapid separation (<1 min) and preconcentration (73x) of species were achieved in the initial IEF dimension. Using full-field fluorescence imaging, we observed nondispersive mobilization velocities on the order of 20 microm/s during characterization of the IEF step. This transport behavior allowed controlled electrokinetic mobilization of focused sample bands to a channel junction, where voltage switching was used to repeatedly inject effluent from the IEF dimension into an ampholyte-based CE separation. This second dimension was capable of analyzing all fluid volumes of interest from the IEF dimension, as IEF was 'parked' during each CE analysis and refocused prior to additional CE analyses. Investigation of each dimension of the integrated system showed time-dependent species displacement and band-broadening behavior consistent with IEF and CE, respectively. The peak capacity of the 2D system was approximately 1300. A comprehensive 2D analysis of a fluid volume spanning 15% of the total IEF channel length was completed in less than 5 min.

    View details for DOI 10.1021/ac026239a

    View details for Web of Science ID 000181259300027

    View details for PubMedID 12641239

  • Embedment of structural monitoring algorithms in a wireless sensing unit STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS Lynch, J. P., Sundararajan, A., Law, K. H., Kiremidjian, A. S., Kenny, T., Carryer, E. 2003; 15 (3): 285-297
  • Hard X-ray polarimetry with the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) Conference on Polarimetry in Astronomy McConnell, M. L., Smith, D. M., Emslie, A. G., Lin, R. P., Ryan, J. M. SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2003: 8–19
  • Two-tiered wireless sensor network architecture for structural health monitoring Smart Structures and Materials 2003 Conference Kottapalli, V. A., Kiremidjian, A. S., Lynch, J. P., Carryer, E., Kenny, T. W., Law, K. H., Lei, Y. SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2003: 8–19
  • Experimental study on two-phase heat transfer in microchannel heat sinks with hotspots 19th Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium Cho, E. S., Koo, J. M., Jiang, L., Prasher, R. S., Kim, M. S., Santiago, J. G., Kenny, T. W., Goodson, K. E. IEEE. 2003: 242–246
  • UV-IR science prospects with TES imaging arrays Workshop on Hubbles Science Legacy - Future Optical/Ultraviolet Astronomy from Space Romani, R. W., Burney, J., Brink, P., Cabrera, B., Castle, P., Kenny, T., Wang, E., Young, B., Miller, A. J., Nam, S. W. ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC. 2003: 399–402
  • Small insect measurements using a custom MEMS force sensor 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS 03) Bartsch, M. S., Federle, W., Full, R. J., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2003: 1039–1042
  • Wafer-scale film encapsulation of micromachined accelerometers 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS 03) Park, W. T., Candler, R. N., Kronmueller, S., Lutz, M., Partridge, A., Yama, G., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2003: 1903–1906
  • Investigation of energy loss mechanisms in micromechanical resonators 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS 03) Candler, R. N., Li, H. M., Lutz, M., Park, W. T., Partridge, A., Yama, G., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2003: 332–335
  • Closed-loop cooling technologies for microprocessors IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting Upadhya, G., Zhou, P., Goodson, K., Munch, M., Kenny, T. IEEE. 2003: 775–778
  • Development of superconducting transition edge sensors for time and energy resolved single photon counters with application to imaging astronomy Conference on Materials for Infrared Detectors III Bay, T. J., Burney, J. A., Brink, P. L., Cabrera, B., Castle, J. P., Romani, R. W., Tomada, A., Young, B. A., Nam, S. W., Miller, A. J., Martinis, J. M., Kenny, T., Wang, E. SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2003: 192–200
  • Silicon electroosmotic micropumps for integrated circuit thermal management 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS 03) Laser, D. J., Myers, A. M., Yao, S. H., BELL, K. F., Goodson, K. E., Santiago, J. G., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2003: 151–154
  • Statistical damage detection using time series analysis on a structural health monitoring benchmark problem 9th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering Lei, Y., Kiremidjian, A. S., Nair, K. K., Lynch, J. P., Law, K. H., Kenny, T. W., Carryer, E., Kottapalli, A. MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS. 2003: 581–587
  • Wafer scale encapsulation of MEMS devices International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference Park, V. T., Candler, R. N., Li, H. J., Cho, J., Li, H., Kenny, T. W., Partridge, A., Yama, G., Lutz, M. AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. 2003: 209–212
  • Mass-loaded cantilevers with suppressed higher-order modes for magnetic resonance force microscopy 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS 03) Chui, B. W., Hishinuma, Y., Budakian, R., Mamin, H. J., Kenny, T. W., Rugar, D. IEEE. 2003: 1120–1123
  • Process compatible polysilicon-based electrical through-wafer interconnects in silicon substrates JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Chow, E. M., Chandrasekaran, V., Partridge, A., Nishida, T., Sheplak, M., Quate, C. F., Kenny, T. W. 2002; 11 (6): 631-640
  • Design of atomic force microscope cantilevers for combined thermomechanical writing and thermal reading in array operation JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS King, W. P., Kenny, T. W., Goodson, K. E., Cross, G. L., Despont, M., Durig, U. T., Rothuizen, H., Binnig, G., Vettiger, P. 2002; 11 (6): 765-774
  • Vacuum thermionic refrigeration with a semiconductor heterojunction structure APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Hishinuma, Y., Moyzhes, B. Y., Geballe, T. H., Kenny, T. W. 2002; 81 (22): 4242-4244

    View details for DOI 10.1063/1.1523653

    View details for Web of Science ID 000179340800048

  • Evidence for van der Waals adhesion in gecko setae PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Autumn, K., Sitti, M., Liang, Y. C., Peattie, A. M., Hansen, W. R., Sponberg, S., Kenny, T. W., Fearing, R., Israelachvili, J. N., Full, R. J. 2002; 99 (19): 12252-12256

    Abstract

    Geckos have evolved one of the most versatile and effective adhesives known. The mechanism of dry adhesion in the millions of setae on the toes of geckos has been the focus of scientific study for over a century. We provide the first direct experimental evidence for dry adhesion of gecko setae by van der Waals forces, and reject the use of mechanisms relying on high surface polarity, including capillary adhesion. The toes of live Tokay geckos were highly hydrophobic, and adhered equally well to strongly hydrophobic and strongly hydrophilic, polarizable surfaces. Adhesion of a single isolated gecko seta was equally effective on the hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces of a microelectro-mechanical systems force sensor. A van der Waals mechanism implies that the remarkable adhesive properties of gecko setae are merely a result of the size and shape of the tips, and are not strongly affected by surface chemistry. Theory predicts greater adhesive forces simply from subdividing setae to increase surface density, and suggests a possible design principle underlying the repeated, convergent evolution of dry adhesive microstructures in gecko, anoles, skinks, and insects. Estimates using a standard adhesion model and our measured forces come remarkably close to predicting the tip size of Tokay gecko seta. We verified the dependence on size and not surface type by using physical models of setal tips nanofabricated from two different materials. Both artificial setal tips stuck as predicted and provide a path to manufacturing the first dry, adhesive microstructures.

    View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.192252799

    View details for Web of Science ID 000178187000048

    View details for PubMedID 12198184

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC129431

  • Closed-loop electroosmotic microchannel cooling system for VLSI circuits 17th Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium Jiang, L. N., Mikkelsen, J., Koo, J. M., Huber, D., Yao, S. H., Zhang, L., Zhou, P., Maveety, J. G., Prasher, R., Santiago, J. G., Kenny, T. W., Goodson, K. E. IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. 2002: 347–55
  • Subcritical crack growth in single-crystal silicon using micromachined specimens JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH Fitzgerald, A. M., Iyer, R. S., Dauskardt, R. H., Kenny, T. W. 2002; 17 (3): 683-692
  • Measurements and modeling of two-phase flow in microchannels with nearly constant heat flux boundary conditions JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Zhang, L., Koo, J. M., Jiang, L., Asheghi, M., Goodson, K. E., Santiago, J. G., Kenny, T. W. 2002; 11 (1): 12-19
  • Characterization of a two-dimensional cantilever array with through-wafer electrical interconnects APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Chow, E. M., Yaralioglu, G. G., Quate, C. F., Kenny, T. W. 2002; 80 (4): 664-666
  • Transient and sub-atmospheric performance of a closed-loop electroosmotic microchannel cooling system THERMES 2002 International Conference Jiang, L., Mikkelsen, J., Koo, J. M., Zhang, L., Huber, D., Yao, S., Bari, A., Zhou, P., Santiago, J., Kenny, T., Goodson, K. E., Maveety, J., Prasher, R., Benning, S. MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS. 2002: 133–139
  • Enhanced nucleate boiling in microchannels 15th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2002) Zhang, L., Wang, E. N., Koo, J. M., Jiang, L., Goodson, K. E., Santiago, J. G., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 2002: 89–92
  • Validation of a wireless modular monitoring system for structures Smart Structures and Materials 2002 Conference Lynch, J. P., Law, K. H., Kiremidjian, A. S., Carryer, E., Kenny, T. W., Partridge, A., Sundararajan, A. SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2002: 124–135
  • A wireless modular monitoring system for civil structures 20th IMAC Conference on Structural Dynamics Lynch, J. P., Law, K. H., Kiremidjian, A. S., Kenny, T., Carryer, E. SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC. 2002: 1–6
  • Electron spin relaxation near a micron-size ferromagnet PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Stipe, B. C., Mamin, H. J., Yannoni, C. S., Stowe, T. D., Kenny, T. W., Rugar, D. 2001; 87 (27)

    Abstract

    Magnetic resonance force microscopy was used to study the behavior of small ensembles of unpaired electron spins in silica near a micrometer-size ferromagnetic tip. Using a cantilever-driven spin manipulation protocol and a magnetic field gradient greater than 10(5) T/m, signals from as few as 100 net spins within a 20 nm thick resonant slice could be studied. A sixfold increase in the spin-lattice relaxation rate was found within 800 nm of the ferromagnet, while no effect due to silica surface proximity was detected. The results are interpreted in terms of Larmor-frequency magnetic field fluctuations emanating from the ferromagnet.

    View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.277602

    View details for Web of Science ID 000173040800056

    View details for PubMedID 11800915

  • A high-stiffness axial resonant probe for atomic force microscopy JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Harley, J. A., Kenny, T. W. 2001; 10 (3): 434-441
  • A high-precision, wide-bandwidth micromachined tunneling accelerometer JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Liu, C. H., Kenny, T. W. 2001; 10 (3): 425-433
  • Noncontact friction and force fluctuations between closely spaced bodies PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Stipe, B. C., Mamin, H. J., Stowe, T. D., Kenny, T. W., Rugar, D. 2001; 87 (9)

    Abstract

    Noncontact friction between a Au(111) surface and an ultrasensitive gold-coated cantilever was measured as a function of tip-sample spacing, temperature, and bias voltage using observations of cantilever damping and Brownian motion. The importance of the inhomogeneous contact potential is discussed and comparison is made to measurements over dielectric surfaces. Using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, the force fluctuations are interpreted in terms of near-surface fluctuating electric fields interacting with static surface charge.

    View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.096801

    View details for Web of Science ID 000170698000030

    View details for PubMedID 11531586

  • Nanometer-Scale Force Sensing with MEMS Devices IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL Kenny, T. 2001; 1 (2): 148-157
  • Refrigeration by combined tunneling and thermionic emission in vacuum: Use of nanometer scale design APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Hishinuma, Y., Geballe, T. H., Moyzhes, B. Y., Kenny, T. W. 2001; 78 (17): 2572-2574
  • Magnetic dissipation and fluctuations in individual nanomagnets measured by ultrasensitive cantilever magnetometry PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Stipe, B. C., Mamin, H. J., Stowe, T. D., Kenny, T. W., Rugar, D. 2001; 86 (13): 2874-2877

    Abstract

    Cantilever magnetometry with moment resolution better than 10(4)micro(B) was used to study individual nanomagnets. By using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem to interpret measurements of field-induced cantilever damping, the low frequency spectral density of magnetic fluctuations could be determined with resolution better than 1micro(B) Hz-1/2. Cobalt nanowires exhibited significant magnetic dissipation and the associated magnetic fluctuations were found to have 1/f frequency dependence. In individual submicron rare-earth alloy magnets, the dissipation/fluctuation was very small and not distinguishable from that of a bare silicon cantilever.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000167693000044

    View details for PubMedID 11290061

  • Optimization of turn geometries for microchip electrophoresis ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Molho, J. I., Herr, A. E., Mosier, B. P., Santiago, J. G., Kenny, T. W., Brennen, R. A., Gordon, G. B., Mohammadi, B. 2001; 73 (6): 1350-1360
  • Adventures in attonewton force detection APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING Rugar, D., Stipe, B. C., Mamin, H. J., Yannoni, C. S., Stowe, T. D., Yasumura, K. Y., Kenny, T. W. 2001; 72: S3-S10
  • Atomic force microscope cantilevers for combined thermomechanical data writing and reading APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS King, W. P., Kenny, T. W., Goodson, K. E., Cross, G., Despont, M., Durig, U., Rothuizen, H., Binnig, G. K., Vettiger, P. 2001; 78 (9): 1300-1302
  • Performance characterization of ultra-thin n-type piezoresistive cantilevers 11th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators Liang, Y. A., Ueng, S. W., Kenny, T. W. SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN. 2001: 998–1001
  • Low force electrical contact measurements using piezoresistive MEMS cantilevers to characterize thin-film metallization 11th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators Pruitt, B., Choi, D. H., Florando, J., Martens, R., Wenzel, S., Reynolds, C., Nix, W., Kenny, T. SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN. 2001: 1032–1035
  • Two-phase microchannel heat sinks for an electrokinetic VLSI chip cooling system 17th Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium Jiang, L. N., Koo, J. M., Zeng, S. L., Mikkelsen, J. C., Zhang, L., Zhou, P., Santiago, J. G., Kenny, T. W., Goodson, K. E., Maveety, J. G., Tran, Q. A. IEEE. 2001: 153–157
  • New thin film epitaxial polysilicon encapsulation for piezoresistive accelerometers 14th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2001) Partridge, A., Rice, A. E., Kenny, T. W., Lutz, M. IEEE. 2001: 54–59
  • Exploring insect biomechanics with micromachined force sensors 11th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators Bartsch, M., Federle, W., Full, R., Kenny, T. SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN. 2001: 1662–1665
  • A micromachined silicon low-voltage parallel-plate electrokinetic pump 11th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators Laser, D., Yao, S. H., Chen, C. H., Mikkelsen, J., Goodson, K., Santiago, J., Kenny, T. SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN. 2001: 920–923
  • Modeling of two-phase microchannel heat sinks for VLSI chips 14th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2001) Koo, J. M., Jiang, L. N., Zhang, L., Zhou, P., Banerjee, S. S., Kenny, T. W., Santiago, J. G., Goodson, K. E. IEEE. 2001: 422–426
  • A micromachined magnetic-field sensor based on an electron tunneling displacement transducer SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL DiLella, D., Whitman, L. J., Colton, R. J., Kenny, T. W., Kaiser, W. J., Vote, E. C., Podosek, J. A., Miller, L. M. 2000; 86 (1-2): 8-20
  • Adhesive force of a single gecko foot-hair NATURE Autumn, K., Liang, Y. A., Hsieh, S. T., Zesch, W., Chan, W. P., Kenny, T. W., Fearing, R., Full, R. J. 2000; 405 (6787): 681-685

    Abstract

    Geckos are exceptional in their ability to climb rapidly up smooth vertical surfaces. Microscopy has shown that a gecko's foot has nearly five hundred thousand keratinous hairs or setae. Each 30-130 microm long seta is only one-tenth the diameter of a human hair and contains hundreds of projections terminating in 0.2-0.5 microm spatula-shaped structures. After nearly a century of anatomical description, here we report the first direct measurements of single setal force by using a two-dimensional micro-electromechanical systems force sensor and a wire as a force gauge. Measurements revealed that a seta is ten times more effective at adhesion than predicted from maximal estimates on whole animals. Adhesive force values support the hypothesis that individual seta operate by van der Waals forces. The gecko's peculiar behaviour of toe uncurling and peeling led us to discover two aspects of setal function which increase their effectiveness. A unique macroscopic orientation and preloading of the seta increased attachment force 600-fold above that of frictional measurements of the material. Suitably orientated setae reduced the forces necessary to peel the toe by simply detaching above a critical angle with the substratum.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000087465800046

    View details for PubMedID 10864324

  • 1/F noise considerations for the design and process optimization of piezoresistive cantilevers JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Harley, J. A., Kenny, T. W. 2000; 9 (2): 226-235
  • Integration of through-wafer interconnects with a two-dimensional cantilever array 10th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators Chow, E. M., Soh, H. T., Lee, H. C., Adams, J. D., Minne, S. C., Yaralioglu, G., Atalar, A., Quate, C. F., Kenny, T. W. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. 2000: 118–23
  • Rapid biochemical detection and differentiation with magnetic force microscope cantilever arrays 10th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators Rudnitsky, R. G., Chow, E. M., Kenny, T. W. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. 2000: 256–62
  • Fracture toughness and crack growth phenomena of plasma-etched single crystal silicon 10th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators Fitzgerald, A. M., Dauskardt, R. H., Kenny, T. W. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. 2000: 194–99
  • Packaging a piezoresistive pressure sensor to measure low absolute pressures over a wide sub-zero temperature range 10th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators Reynolds, J. K., Catling, D., Blue, R. C., Maluf, N. I., Kenny, T. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. 2000: 142–49
  • Electroosmotic capillary flow with nonuniform zeta potential Analytical chemistry Herr, A. E., Molho, J. I., Santiago, J. G., Mungal, M. G., Kenny, T. W., Garguilo, M. G. 2000; 72 (5): 1053-7

    Abstract

    The present work is an analytical and experimental study of electroosmotic flow (EOF) in cylindrical capillaries with nonuniform wall surface charge (zeta-potential) distributions. In particular, this study investigates perturbations of electroosmotic flow in open capillaries that are due to induced pressure gradients resulting from axial variations in the wall zeta-potential. The experimental inquiry focuses on electroosmotic flow under a uniform applied field in capillaries with an EOF-suppressing polymer adsorbed onto various fractions of the total capillary length. This fractional EOF suppression was achieved by coupling capillaries with substantially different zeta-potentials. The resulting flow fields were imaged with a nonintrusive, caged-fluorescence imaging technique. Simple analytical models for the velocity field and rate of sample dispersion in capillaries with axial zeta-potential variations are presented. The resulting induced pressure gradients and the associated band-broadening effects are of particular importance to the performance of chemical and biochemical analysis systems such as capillary electrokinetic chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis.

    View details for PubMedID 10739211

  • Electroosmotic capillary flow with nonuniform zeta potential ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Herr, A. E., Molho, J. I., Santiago, J. G., Mungal, M. G., Kenny, T. W., Garguilo, M. G. 2000; 72 (5): 1053-1057

    Abstract

    The present work is an analytical and experimental study of electroosmotic flow (EOF) in cylindrical capillaries with nonuniform wall surface charge (zeta-potential) distributions. In particular, this study investigates perturbations of electroosmotic flow in open capillaries that are due to induced pressure gradients resulting from axial variations in the wall zeta-potential. The experimental inquiry focuses on electroosmotic flow under a uniform applied field in capillaries with an EOF-suppressing polymer adsorbed onto various fractions of the total capillary length. This fractional EOF suppression was achieved by coupling capillaries with substantially different zeta-potentials. The resulting flow fields were imaged with a nonintrusive, caged-fluorescence imaging technique. Simple analytical models for the velocity field and rate of sample dispersion in capillaries with axial zeta-potential variations are presented. The resulting induced pressure gradients and the associated band-broadening effects are of particular importance to the performance of chemical and biochemical analysis systems such as capillary electrokinetic chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000085605100043

  • Quality factors in micron- and submicron-thick cantilevers JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Yasumura, K. Y., Stowe, T. D., Chow, E. M., Pfafman, T., Kenny, T. W., Stipe, B. C., Rugar, D. 2000; 9 (1): 117-125
  • High-resolution measurement of crack growth in micro-machined single crystal silicon Symposium MM on Materials Science of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Devices II held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting Fitzgerald, A. M., Dauskardt, R. H., Kenny, T. W. MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY. 2000: 43–48
  • Miniaturized capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF): Towards a portable high-speed separation method 4th International Symposium on Micro Total Analysis Systems ((mu)TAS 2000) Herr, A. E., Molho, J. I., Santiago, J. G., Kenny, T. W., Borkholder, D. A., Kintz, G. J., Belgrader, P., Northrup, M. A. SPRINGER. 2000: 367–370
  • Experimental investigation of flow transition in microchannels using micron-resolution particle image velocimetry 7th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems Zeighami, R., LASER, D., Zhou, P., Asheghi, M., Devasenathipathy, S., Kenny, T., Santiago, J., Goodson, K. IEEE. 2000: 148–153
  • Designing corner compensation for electrophoresis in compact geometries 4th International Symposium on Micro Total Analysis Systems ((mu)TAS 2000) Molho, J. I., Herr, A. E., Mosier, B. P., Santiago, J. G., Kenny, T. W., Brennen, R. A., Gordon, G. B. SPRINGER. 2000: 287–290
  • Silicon dopant imaging by dissipation force microscopy APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Stowe, T. D., Kenny, T. W., Thomson, D. J., Rugar, D. 1999; 75 (18): 2785-2787
  • An integrated controller for tunnel sensors IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS Partridge, A., Reynolds, J. K., Grade, J. D., Kane, B. J., Maluf, N. I., Kovacs, G. T., Kenny, T. W. 1999; 34 (8): 1099-1107
  • High-sensitivity piezoresistive cantilevers under 1000 angstrom thick APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Harley, J. A., Kenny, T. W. 1999; 75 (2): 289-291
  • Intrinsic-carrier thermal runaway in silicon microcantilevers MICROSCALE THERMOPHYSICAL ENGINEERING Chui, B. W., Asheghi, M., Ju, Y. S., Goodson, K. E., Kenny, T. W., Mamin, H. J. 1999; 3 (3): 217-228
  • Ultrahigh-density atomic force microscopy data storage with erase capability APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Binnig, G., Despont, M., Drechsler, U., Haberle, W., Lutwyche, M., Vettiger, P., Mamin, H. J., Chui, B. W., Kenny, T. W. 1999; 74 (9): 1329-1331
  • Technique for measurement of the noise of a sensor in the presence of large background signals REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS Barzilai, A., VanZandt, T., Kenny, T. 1998; 69 (7): 2767-2772
  • Characterization of a high-sensitivity micromachined tunneling accelerometer with micro-g resolution JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Liu, C. H., Barzilai, A. M., Reynolds, J. K., Partridge, A., Kenny, T. W., Grade, J. D., Rockstad, H. K. 1998; 7 (2): 235-244
  • Independent detection of vertical and lateral forces with a sidewall-implanted dual-axis piezoresistive cantilever APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Chui, B. W., Kenny, T. W., Mamin, H. J., Terris, B. D., Rugar, D. 1998; 72 (11): 1388-1390
  • Low-stiffness silicon cantilevers with integrated heaters and piezoresistive sensors for high-density AFM thermomechanical data storage JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Chui, B. W., Stowe, T. D., Ju, Y. S., Goodson, K. E., Kenny, T. W., Mamin, H. J., Terris, B. D., Ried, R. P., Rugar, D. 1998; 7 (1): 69-78
  • Sidewall-implanted dual-axis piezoresistive cantilever for AFM data storage readback and tracking 11th Annual International Workshop on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems Chui, B. W., Mamin, H. J., Terris, B. D., Rugar, D., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 1998: 12–17
  • Numerical framework for the modeling of electrokinetic flows Microfluidic Devices and Systems Deshpande, M., GHADDAR, C., Gilbert, J. R., St John, P. M., WOUDENBERG, T., Connell, C., Molho, J., Herr, A., Mungal, G., Kenny, T. SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 1998: 217–227
  • Attonewton force detection using ultrathin silicon cantilevers APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Stowe, T. D., Yasumura, K., Kenny, T. W., Botkin, D., Wago, K., Rugar, D. 1997; 71 (2): 288-290
  • Fabrication of collimating grids for an x-ray solar telescope using LIGA methods MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES Brennen, R. A., Hecht, M. H., Wiberg, D. V., MANION, S. J., Bonivert, W. D., Hruby, J. M., Scholz, M. L., Stowe, T. D., Kenny, T. W., Jackson, K. H., Malek, C. K. 1997; 3 (3): 91-96
  • Torsional force probes optimized for higher order mode suppression 9th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators STOWE, T., Yasumura, K., Pfafman, T., Kenny, T., Botkin, D., Rugar, D. I E E E. 1997: 141–144
  • Development of a modal analysis accelerometer based on a tunneling displacement transducer 9th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators Scheeper, P. R., Reynolds, J. K., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 1997: 867–870
  • Wafer-scale processing, assembly, and testing of tunneling infrared detectors. 9th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators Grade, J., Barzilai, A., Reynolds, J. K., Liu, C. H., Partridge, A., Jerman, H., Kenny, T. IEEE. 1997: 1241–1244
  • Characterization of a high-sensitivity micromachined tunneling accelerometer 9th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators Liu, C. H., Grade, J. D., Barzilai, A. M., Reynolds, J. K., Partridge, A., Rockstad, H. K., Kenny, T. W. IEEE. 1997: 471–472
  • Low frequency drift in tunnel sensors 9th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators Grade, J., Barzilai, A., Reynolds, J. K., Liu, C. H., Partridge, A., Miller, L. M., Podosek, J. A., Kenny, T. IEEE. 1997: 871–874
  • Micromachined heaters with 1-mu s thermal time constants for AFM thermomechanical data storage 9th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators Chui, B. W., Mamin, H. J., Terris, B. D., Rugar, D., Goodson, K. E., Kenny, T. W. I E E E. 1997: 1085–1088
  • Low-stiffness silicon cantilevers for thermal writing and piezoresistive readback with the atomic force microscope APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Chui, B. W., Stowe, T. D., Kenny, T. W., Mamin, H. J., Terris, B. D., Rugar, D. 1996; 69 (18): 2767-2769
  • A miniature, high-sensitivity, electron tunneling accelerometer 8th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators (Eurosensors IX) Rockstad, H. K., Tang, T. K., Reynolds, J. K., Kenny, T. W., Kaiser, W. J., Gabrielson, T. B. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. 1996: 227–31
  • Micromachined infrared sensors using tunneling displacement transducers REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS Kenny, T. W., Reynolds, J. K., Podosek, J. A., Vote, E. C., Miller, L. M., Rockstad, H. K., Kaiser, W. J. 1996; 67 (1): 112-128
  • A microfabricated electron-tunneling accelerometer as a directional underwater acoustic sensor Workshop on Acoustic Particle Velocity Sensors - Design, Performance, and Applications Rockstad, H. K., Kenny, T. W., Kelly, P. J., Gabrielson, T. B. AIP PRESS. 1996: 57–68
  • A mu-magnetometer based on electron tunneling IEEE 9th Annual International Workshop on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems - An Investigation of Micro Structures, Sensors, Actuators, Machines and Systems Miller, L. M., Podosek, J. A., Kruglick, E., Kenny, T. W., KOVACICH, J. A., Kaiser, W. J. I E E E. 1996: 467–472
  • SENSORS BASED ON TUNNELING DISPLACEMENT TRANSDUCERS - DESIGN, APPLICATIONS, AND LIMITATIONS Kenny, T. AMER CHEMICAL SOC. 1995: 50-COLL
  • Fabricating sub-collimating grids for an X-ray solar imaging spectrometer using LIGA techniques 1st Annual SPIE Conference on Microlithography and Metrology in Micromachining Brennen, R. A., Hecht, M. H., WIEBERG, D. V., MANION, S. J., Bonivert, W. D., Hruby, J. M., Scholz, M. L., Stowe, T. D., Kenny, T. W., Jackson, K. H., Malek, C. K. SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 1995: 214–225
  • MICROINSTRUMENTS AND MICROSENSORS FOR SPACE SCIENCE 43rd Astronautical Congress VARSI, G., Chrisp, M., Jones, R., VanZandt, T., Kenny, T., Kaiser, W., BANERDT, W., Hui, E., Crisp, D. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. 1994: 705–13
  • WIDE-BANDWIDTH ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATORS FOR TUNNELING DISPLACEMENT TRANSDUCERS JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS Kenny, T. W., Kaiser, W. J., Rockstad, H. K., Reynolds, J. K., Podosek, J. A., Vote, E. C. 1994; 3 (3): 97-104
  • A MINIATURE HIGH-SENSITIVITY BROAD-BAND ACCELEROMETER BASED ON ELECTRON-TUNNELING TRANSDUCERS 7th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators (Transducers 93) Rockstad, H. K., Kenny, T. W., Reynolds, J. K., Kaiser, W. J., Gabrielson, T. B. ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE. 1994: 107–14
  • CAPACITIVE EDGE SENSOR DESIGN FOR SELENE SEGMENTED PRIMARY MIRROR Conference on Laser Power Beaming Miller, L. M., Kaiser, W. J., Kenny, T., VanZandt, T. SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 1994: 125–138
  • MICROMACHINED TUNNELING DISPLACEMENT TRANSDUCERS FOR PHYSICAL SENSORS 39TH NATIONAL SYMP OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOC Kenny, T. W., Kaiser, W. J., Podosek, J. A., Rockstad, H. K., Reynolds, J. K., Vote, E. C. A V S AMER INST PHYSICS. 1993: 797–802
  • FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A MICROMACHINED DEFORMABLE MIRROR FOR ADAPTIVE OPTICS APPLICATIONS Conference on Space Astronomical Telescopes and Instruments II Miller, L. M., AGRONIN, M. L., Bartman, R. K., Kaiser, W. J., Kenny, T. W., Norton, R. L., Vote, E. C. SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 1993: 421–430
  • ELECTRON TUNNEL SENSORS 38TH NATIONAL SYMP OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOC Kenny, T. W., Kaiser, W. J., Reynolds, J. K., Podosek, J. A., Rockstad, H. K., Vote, E. C., WALTMAN, S. B. A V S AMER INST PHYSICS. 1992: 2114–18
  • NOVEL POSITION SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES FOR MICROACCELEROMETERS CONF ON SENSORS AND SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION 2 VANZANDT, T. R., Kenny, T. W., Kaiser, W. J. SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 1992: 165–172
  • A MICROMACHINED SILICON ELECTRON-TUNNELING SENSOR 3RD WORKSHOP ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS ( MEMS 90 ) Kenny, T. W., WALTMAN, S. B., Reynolds, J. K., Kaiser, W. J. I E E E. 1990: 192–196
  • ELECTRON TUNNEL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY CONF ON TECHNOLOGY 2000 Kenny, T. W., WALTMAN, S. B., Reynolds, J. K., Kaiser, W. J. NASA. 1990: 370–381