Friedrich Prinz
Leonardo Professor, Professor of Mechanical Engineering and of Materials Science and Engineering
Bio
Fritz Prinz is the Leonardo Professor in the School of Engineering at Stanford University, Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, and Senior Fellow at the Precourt Institute for Energy. He also serves as the Director of the Nanoscale Prototyping Laboratory and Faculty Co-director of the NPL-Affiliate Program. A solid-state physicist by training, Prinz leads a group of doctoral students, postdoctoral scholars, and visiting scholars who are addressing fundamental issues on energy conversion and storage at the nanoscale. In his Laboratory, a wide range of nano-fabrication technologies are employed to build prototype fuel cells and capacitors with induced topological electronic states. We are testing these concepts and novel material structures through atomic layer deposition, scanning tunneling microscopy, impedance spectroscopy and other technologies. In addition, the Prinz group group uses atomic scale modeling to gain insights into the nature of charge separation and recombination processes. Before coming to Stanford in 1994, he was on the faculty at Carnegie Mellon University. Prinz earned a PhD in Physics at the University of Vienna.
Academic Appointments
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Professor, Mechanical Engineering
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Professor, Materials Science and Engineering
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Affiliate, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment
Honors & Awards
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Sir Christopher Hinton Lecture, Royal Academy of Engineering (1991)
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Engineer of the Year, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pittsburgh, PA Section (1991 - 1992)
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Corresponding member, Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, Austria (1996)
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Award for Excellence, Literati Club (2002)
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Most Outstanding Paper in the 2001 volume, Rapid Prototyping Journal (2002)
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The AM Strickland Prize for Best Paper in 2005, The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London, UK (2005)
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Tedori-Callinan Lecture, University of Pennsylvania (2006)
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Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) (2007)
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Woodruff Colloquium in the Theme of Energy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (2008)
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Munushian Lecture, University of Southern California (2009)
Professional Education
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PhD, University of Vienna, Physics (1975)
2024-25 Courses
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Independent Studies (22)
- Directed Research and Writing in Aero/Astro
AA 190 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Directed Studies in Applied Physics
APPPHYS 290 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Engineering Problems
ME 391 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Engineering Problems and Experimental Investigation
ME 191 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Experimental Investigation of Engineering Problems
ME 392 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Graduate Independent Study
MATSCI 399 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Honors Research
ME 191H (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Independent Study in Aero/Astro
AA 199 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Master's Directed Research
ME 393 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Master's Directed Research: Writing the Report
ME 393W (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Master's Research
MATSCI 200 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Participation in Materials Science Teaching
MATSCI 400 (Aut, Win, Spr) - Ph.D. Research
MATSCI 300 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Ph.D. Research Rotation
ME 398 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Ph.D. Teaching Experience
ME 491 (Aut, Win, Spr) - Practical Training
MATSCI 299 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Practical Training
ME 199A (Win, Spr) - Practical Training
ME 299A (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Practical Training
ME 299B (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Research
PHYSICS 490 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Undergraduate Independent Study
MATSCI 100 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Undergraduate Research
MATSCI 150 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum)
- Directed Research and Writing in Aero/Astro
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Prior Year Courses
2023-24 Courses
- Manufacturing Processes and Design
ME 129 (Win) - Quantum Field Theory (QFT) for Engineering Applications
MATSCI 405, ME 403 (Aut)
2022-23 Courses
- Manufacturing Processes and Design
ME 129 (Win) - Quantum Field Theory (QFT) for Engineering Applications
MATSCI 405, ME 403 (Aut)
2021-22 Courses
- Manufacturing Processes and Design
ME 129 (Win)
- Manufacturing Processes and Design
Stanford Advisees
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Doctoral Dissertation Reader (AC)
Eddie Barks -
Postdoctoral Faculty Sponsor
Banani Biswas, Yonghyun Lim, Benedikt Raab, Jonghyun Son -
Doctoral Dissertation Advisor (AC)
Alex Boulton-McKeehan, Daniel Custer, Timothy Goh, Jiaxuan Guo, Tyler Howard, Yunha Jung, Xiting Zhang -
Orals Evaluator
Alex Shearer -
Master's Program Advisor
Chloe Dawson, Victor Deroo, Bradley Jackson, Eddie Kuo, Nallely Lomeli Rubio, Abhyudit Singh Manhas, Bisrat Mekonnen, Theo Nash, Yannik Schueler, Bryan Yang -
Doctoral Dissertation Co-Advisor (AC)
Hansen Qiao, Zhennan Ru, Sreya Vangara -
Doctoral (Program)
Tyler Howard, Jun Lee, Noah Wang
All Publications
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Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of tungsten nitride
JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
2016; 34 (5)
View details for DOI 10.1116/1.4961567
View details for Web of Science ID 000384263700032
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Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of SiN-AIN Composites for Ultra Low Wet Etch Rates in Hydrofluoric Acid
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
2016; 8 (27): 17599-17605
Abstract
The continued scaling in transistors and memory elements has necessitated the development of atomic layer deposited (ALD) of hydrofluoric acid (HF) etch resistant and electrically insulating films for sidewall spacer processing. Silicon nitride (SiN) has been the prototypical material for this need and extensive work has been conducted into realizing sufficiently lower wet etch rates (WERs) as well as leakage currents to meet industry needs. In this work, we report on the development of plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) composites of SiN and AlN to minimize WER and leakage current density. In particular, the role of aluminum and the optimum amount of Al contained in the composite structures have been explored. Films with near zero WER in dilute HF and leakage currents density similar to pure PEALD SiN films could be simultaneously realized through composites which incorporate ≥13 at. % Al, with a maximum thermal budget of 350 °C.
View details for DOI 10.1021/acsami.6b03194
View details for Web of Science ID 000379794100069
View details for PubMedID 27295338
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Correlation of film density and wet etch rate in hydrofluoric acid of plasma enhanced atomic layer deposited silicon nitride
AIP ADVANCES
2016; 6 (6)
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.4954238
View details for Web of Science ID 000379041400012
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Atomically Flat Silicon Oxide Monolayer Generated by Remote Plasma
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
2016; 120 (15): 8148-8156
View details for DOI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b00768
View details for Web of Science ID 000374811100027
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Relating Electronic and Geometric Structure of Atomic Layer Deposited BaTiO3 to its Electrical Properties
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
2016; 7 (8): 1428-1433
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition allows the fabrication of BaTiO3 (BTO) ultrathin films with tunable dielectric properties, which is a promising material for electronic and optical technology. Industrial applicability necessitates a better understanding of their atomic structure and corresponding properties. Through the use of element-specific X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis, O K-edge of BTO as a function of cation composition and underlying substrate (RuO2 and SiO2) is revealed. By employing density functional theory and multiple scattering simulations, we analyze the distortions in BTO's bonding environment captured by the XANES spectra. The spectral weight shifts to lower energy with increasing Ti content and provides an atomic scale (microscopic) explanation for the increase in leakage current density. Differences in film morphologies in the first few layers near substrate-film interfaces reveal BTO's homogeneous growth on RuO2 and its distorted growth on SiO2. This work links structural changes to BTO thin-film properties and provides insight necessary for optimizing future BTO and other ternary metal oxide-based thin-film devices.
View details for DOI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00393
View details for Web of Science ID 000374810800004
View details for PubMedID 27009677
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Oscillatory barrier-assisted Langmuir-Blodgett deposition of large-scale quantum dot monolayers
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
2016; 367: 500-506
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.243
View details for Web of Science ID 000372519300062
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Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of BaTiO3
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
2016; 111: 106-109
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.08.026
View details for Web of Science ID 000364253400023
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Self-limiting atomic layer deposition of barium oxide and barium titanate thin films using a novel pyrrole based precursor
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
2016; 4 (10): 1945-1952
View details for DOI 10.1039/c5tc03561a
View details for Web of Science ID 000371671400003
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Atomic layer deposition by reaction of molecular oxygen with tetrakisdimethylamido-metal precursors
JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
2016; 34 (1)
View details for DOI 10.1116/1.4937991
View details for Web of Science ID 000375115800039
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Quantifying Geometric Strain at the PbS QD-TiO2 Anode Interface and Its Effect on Electronic Structures
NANO LETTERS
2015; 15 (12): 7829-7836
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) show promise as the absorber in nanostructured thin film solar cells, but achieving high device efficiencies requires surface treatments to minimize interfacial recombination. In this work, lead sulfide (PbS) QDs are grown on a mesoporous TiO2 film with a crystalline TiO2 surface, versus one coated with an amorphous TiO2 layer by atomic layer deposition (ALD). These mesoporous TiO2 films sensitized with PbS QDs are characterized by X-ray and electron diffraction, as well as X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in order to link XAS features with structural distortions in the PbS QDs. The XAS features are further analyzed with quantum simulations to probe the geometric and electronic structure of the PbS QD-TiO2 interface. We show that the anatase TiO2 surface structure induces PbS bond angle distortions, which increases the energy gap of the PbS QDs at the interface.
View details for DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02373
View details for Web of Science ID 000366339600008
View details for PubMedID 26554814
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Effects of surface chemistry and microstructure of electrolyte on oxygen reduction kinetics of solid oxide fuel cells
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
2015; 295: 74-78
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.06.149
View details for Web of Science ID 000359330500010
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The Use of Contact Mode Atomic Force Microscopy in Aqueous Medium for Structural Analysis of Spinach Photosynthetic Complexes.
Plant physiology
2015; 169 (2): 1318-1332
Abstract
To investigate the dynamics of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes in vascular plants at high resolution in an aqueous environment, membrane-protruding oxygen-evolving complexes associated with photosystem II (PSII-OEC) on spinach (Spinacia oleracea) grana membranes were examined using Contact Mode Atomic Force Microscopy (CM-AFM). This study represents the use of AFM to distinguish the putative large extrinsic loop of CP47 from the putative PsbO/PsbP/PsbQ/large extrinsic loop of CP43 in the PSII-OEC extrinsic domains of grana membranes under conditions resulting in the disordered arrangement of PSII-OEC particles. Moreover, we observed uncharacterized membrane particles which, based on their physical characteristics and electrophoretic analysis of the polypeptides associated with the grana samples, are hypothesized to be a domain of photosystem I (PSI) that protrudes from the stromal face of single thylakoid bilayers. Our results are interpreted in the context of the results of others that were obtained using cryo-electron microscopy (and single particle analysis), negative staining and freeze fracture electron microscopy, as well as previous AFM studies.
View details for DOI 10.1104/pp.15.00706
View details for PubMedID 26220954
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Grain boundary blocking of ionic conductivity in nanocrystalline yttria-doped ceria thin films
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
2015; 104: 45-48
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.03.020
View details for Web of Science ID 000355051100012
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Enhanced Step Coverage of TiO2 Deposited on High Aspect Ratio Surfaces by Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition
LANGMUIR
2015; 31 (18): 5057-5062
Abstract
Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) provides multiple benefits compared to thermal ALD including lower possible process temperature and a wider palette of possible materials. However, coverage of high aspect ratio (AR) structures is limited due to the recombination rates of the radical plasma species. We study the limits of conformality in 1:30 AR structures for TiO2 based on tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium (TDMA-Ti) and O2 plasma through variation in plasma exposure and substrate temperature. Extending plasma exposure duration and decreasing substrate temperature within the ALD window both serve to improve the conformality of the deposited film, with coverage >95% achievable. Additionally, the changes in morphology of the TiO2 were examined with crystallites of anatase and brookite found.
View details for DOI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00216
View details for Web of Science ID 000354578700006
View details for PubMedID 25896559
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Atomic Layer Deposition of Undoped TiO2 Exhibiting p-Type Conductivity.
ACS applied materials & interfaces
2015; 7 (9): 5134-5140
Abstract
With prominent photocatalytic applications and widespread use in semiconductor devices, TiO2 is one of the most popular metal oxides. However, despite its popularity, it has yet to achieve its full potential due to a lack of effective methods for achieving p-type conductivity. Here, we show that undoped p-type TiO2 films can be fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and that their electrical properties can be controlled across a wide range using proper postprocessing anneals in various ambient environments. Hole mobilities larger than 400 cm(2)/(V·s) are accessible superseding the use of extrinsic doping, which generally produces orders of magnitude smaller values. Through a combination of analyses and experiments, we provide evidence that this behavior is primarily due to an excess of oxygen in the films. This discovery enables entirely new categories of TiO2 devices and applications, and unlocks the potential to improve existing ones. TiO2 homojunction diodes fabricated completely by ALD are developed as a demonstration of the utility of these techniques and shown to exhibit useful rectifying characteristics even with minimal processing refinement.
View details for DOI 10.1021/am5072223
View details for PubMedID 25569212
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Variation of Energy Density of States in Quantum Dot Arrays due to Interparticle Electronic Coupling.
Nano letters
2015; 15 (3): 1855-1860
Abstract
Subnanometer-resolved local electron energy structure was measured in PbS quantum dot superlattice arrays using valence electron energy loss spectroscopy with scanning transmission electron microscopy. We found smaller values of the lowest available transition energies and an increased density of electronic states in the space between quantum dots with shorter interparticle spacing, indicating extension of carrier wave functions as a result of interparticle electronic coupling. A quantum simulation verified both trends and illustrated the wave function extension effect.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nl5046507
View details for PubMedID 25670055
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Exploring the local electronic structure and geometric arrangement of ALD Zn(O,S) buffer layers using X-ray absorption spectroscopy
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
2015; 3 (47): 12192-12198
View details for DOI 10.1039/c5tc02912k
View details for Web of Science ID 000365533600003
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Influence of the grain size of samaria-doped ceria cathodic interlayer for enhanced surface oxygen kinetics of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
2014; 34 (15): 3763-3768
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.05.028
View details for Web of Science ID 000340976200035
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Energy States of Ligand Capped Ag Nanoparticles: Relating Surface Plasmon Resonance to Work Function
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
2014; 118 (43): 24827-24832
View details for DOI 10.1021/jp5073044
View details for Web of Science ID 000344135500003
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Effects of size polydispersity on electron mobility in a two-dimensional quantum-dot superlattice
PHYSICAL REVIEW B
2014; 90 (14)
View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.144202
View details for Web of Science ID 000344008100001
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Nanostructuring Materials for Solar-to-Hydrogen Conversion
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
2014; 118 (37): 21301-21315
View details for DOI 10.1021/jp500966u
View details for Web of Science ID 000342118500001
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MEMS-based thin-film solid-oxide fuel cells
MRS BULLETIN
2014; 39 (9): 798-804
View details for DOI 10.1557/mrs.2014.171
View details for Web of Science ID 000341995600014
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Plasma Processing for Crystallization and Densification of Atomic Layer Deposition BaTiO3 Thin Films.
ACS applied materials & interfaces
2014; 6 (13): 10656-10660
Abstract
High-k, low leakage thin films are crucial components for dynamic random access memory (DRAM) capacitors with high storage density and a long storage lifetime. In this work, we demonstrate a method to increase the dielectric constant and decrease the leakage current density of atomic layer deposited BaTiO3 thin films at low process temperature (250 °C) using postdeposition remote oxygen plasma treatment. The dielectric constant increased from 51 (as-deposited) to 122 (plasma-treated), and the leakage current density decreased by 1 order of magnitude. We ascribe such improvements to the crystallization and densification of the film induced by high-energy ion bombardments on the film surface during the plasma treatment. Plasma-induced crystallization presented in this work may have an immediate impact on fabricating and manufacturing DRAM capacitors due to its simplicity and compatibility with industrial standard thin film processes.
View details for DOI 10.1021/am502298z
View details for PubMedID 24946008
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Localized Charge Transfer Reactions near the Pt-YSZ Interfaces using Kelvin Probe Microscopy
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRECISION ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING-GREEN TECHNOLOGY
2014; 1 (3): 201-205
View details for DOI 10.1007/s40684-014-0025-0
View details for Web of Science ID 000340035500004
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Sol-flame synthesis of cobalt-doped TiO2 nanowires with enhanced electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction.
Physical chemistry chemical physics
2014; 16 (24): 12299-12306
Abstract
Doping nanowires (NWs) is of crucial importance for a range of applications due to the unique properties arising from both impurities' incorporation and nanoscale dimensions. However, existing doping methods face the challenge of simultaneous control over the morphology, crystallinity, dopant distribution and concentration at the nanometer scale. Here, we present a controllable and reliable method, which combines versatile solution phase chemistry and rapid flame annealing process (sol-flame), to dope TiO2 NWs with cobalt (Co). The sol-flame doping method not only preserves the morphology and crystallinity of the TiO2 NWs, but also allows fine control over the Co dopant profile by varying the concentration of Co precursor solution. Characterizations of the TiO2:Co NWs show that Co dopants exhibit 2+ oxidation state and substitutionally occupy Ti sites in the TiO2 lattice. The Co dopant concentration significantly affects the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of TiO2:Co NWs, and the TiO2:Co NWs with 12 at% of Co on the surface show the highest OER activity with a 0.76 V reduction of the overpotential with respect to undoped TiO2 NWs. This enhancement of OER activity for TiO2:Co NWs is attributed to both improved surface charge transfer kinetics and increased bulk conductivity.
View details for DOI 10.1039/c4cp01748j
View details for PubMedID 24820239
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High performance Bi-layered electrolytes via atomic layer deposition for solid oxide fuel cells
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
2014; 253: 114-122
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.001
View details for Web of Science ID 000331160100015
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Electrodeposition and Behavior of Single Metal Nanowire Probes
ACS NANO
2014; 8 (4): 3556-3566
Abstract
This paper describes the fabrication of scanning probes with single metal nanowires (NWs) at the probe tip. The porous-template technique can produce NWs of various kinds of metals, with diameters down to 10-20 nm, which compete with multiwall carbon nanotube diameters. Metal NWs are grown by electrodeposition on the scanning probe tip. One NW can be selected to remain by focused ion beam technique. A variety of metals can be chosen as the tip material. Electric potentials of NWs at the probe tip can be measured. Single NW probes can measure surface topographies, electrode potentials, and their mechanical bending properties.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nn4066582
View details for Web of Science ID 000334990600047
View details for PubMedID 24593034
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Proton incorporation in yttria-stabilized zirconia during atomic layer deposition
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
2014; 39 (6): 2621-2627
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.11.023
View details for Web of Science ID 000331920100022
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Nanotubular array solid oxide fuel cell.
ACS nano
2014; 8 (1): 340-351
Abstract
This report presents a demonstration and characterization of a nanotubular array of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) made of one-end-closed hollow tube Ni/yttria-stabilized zirconia/Pt membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). The tubular MEAs are nominally ∼5 μm long and have <500 nm outside diameter with total MEA thickness of nearly 50 nm. Open circuit voltages up to 660 mV (vs air) and power densities up to 1.3 μW cm(-2) were measured at 550 °C using H2 as fuel. The paper also introduces a fabrication methodology primarily based on a template process involving atomic layer deposition and electrodeposition for building the nanotubular MEA architecture as an important step toward achieving high surface area ultrathin SOFCs operating in the intermediate to low-temperature regime. A fabricated nanotubular SOFC theoretically attains a 20-fold increase in the effective surface, while projections indicate the possibility of achieving up to 40-fold.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nn4042305
View details for PubMedID 24266776
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Rapid and Controllable Flame Reduction of TiO2 Nanowires for Enhanced Solar Water-Splitting
NANO LETTERS
2014; 14 (1): 24-31
Abstract
We report a new flame reduction method to generate controllable amount of oxygen vacancies in TiO2 nanowires that leads to nearly three times improvement in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting performance. The flame reduction method has unique advantages of a high temperature (>1000 °C), ultrafast heating rate, tunable reduction environment, and open-atmosphere operation, so it enables rapid formation of oxygen vacancies (less than one minute) without damaging the nanowire morphology and crystallinity and is even applicable to various metal oxides. Significantly, we show that flame reduction greatly improves the saturation photocurrent densities of TiO2 nanowires (2.7 times higher), α-Fe2O3 nanowires (9.4 times higher), ZnO nanowires (2.0 times higher), and BiVO4 thin film (4.3 times higher) in comparison to untreated control samples for PEC water-splitting applications.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nl4026902
View details for Web of Science ID 000329586700005
View details for PubMedID 24295287
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Digitally-patterned nanoprobe arrays for single cell insertion enabled by wet tapping
RSC ADVANCES
2014; 4 (32): 16655-16661
View details for DOI 10.1039/c4ra00940a
View details for Web of Science ID 000335016400037
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Nanostructuring Methods for Enhancing Light Absorption Rate of Si-Based Photovoltaic Devices: A Review
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRECISION ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING-GREEN TECHNOLOGY
2014; 1 (1): 67-74
View details for DOI 10.1007/s40684-014-0011
View details for Web of Science ID 000332646800011
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Electrochemical tuning of vertically aligned MoS2 nanofilms and its application in improving hydrogen evolution reaction
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
2013; 110 (49): 19701-19706
Abstract
The ability to intercalate guest species into the van der Waals gap of 2D layered materials affords the opportunity to engineer the electronic structures for a variety of applications. Here we demonstrate the continuous tuning of layer vertically aligned MoS2 nanofilms through electrochemical intercalation of Li(+) ions. By scanning the Li intercalation potential from high to low, we have gained control of multiple important material properties in a continuous manner, including tuning the oxidation state of Mo, the transition of semiconducting 2H to metallic 1T phase, and expanding the van der Waals gap until exfoliation. Using such nanofilms after different degree of Li intercalation, we show the significant improvement of the hydrogen evolution reaction activity. A strong correlation between such tunable material properties and hydrogen evolution reaction activity is established. This work provides an intriguing and effective approach on tuning electronic structures for optimizing the catalytic activity.
View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1316792110
View details for PubMedID 24248362
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Approaching the limits of dielectric breakdown for SiO2 films deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition
ACTA MATERIALIA
2013; 61 (20): 7660-7670
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.09.003
View details for Web of Science ID 000328179700013
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Atomic Scale Verification of Oxide-Ion Vacancy Distribution near a Single Grain Boundary in YSZ.
Scientific reports
2013; 3: 2680-?
Abstract
This study presents atomic scale characterization of grain boundary defect structure in a functional oxide with implications for a wide range of electrochemical and electronic behavior. Indeed, grain boundary engineering can alter transport and kinetic properties by several orders of magnitude. Here we report experimental observation and determination of oxide-ion vacancy concentration near the Σ13 (510)/[001] symmetric tilt grain-boundary of YSZ bicrystal using aberration-corrected TEM operated under negative spherical aberration coefficient imaging condition. We show significant oxygen deficiency due to segregation of oxide-ion vacancies near the grain-boundary core with half-width < 0.6 nm. Electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements with scanning TEM indicated increased oxide-ion vacancy concentration at the grain boundary core. Oxide-ion density distribution near a grain boundary simulated by molecular dynamics corroborated well with experimental results. Such column-by-column quantification of defect concentration in functional materials can provide new insights that may lead to engineered grain boundaries designed for specific functionalities.
View details for DOI 10.1038/srep02680
View details for PubMedID 24042150
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3775093
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Three-Dimensional Nanostructured Bilayer Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with 1.3 W/cm(2) at 450 °C.
Nano letters
2013; 13 (9): 4551-4555
Abstract
Obtaining high power density at low operating temperatures has been an ongoing challenge in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), which are efficient engines to generate electrical energy from fuels. Here we report successful demonstration of a thin-film three-dimensional (3-D) SOFC architecture achieving a peak power density of 1.3 W/cm(2) obtained at 450 °C. This is made possible by nanostructuring of the ultrathin (60 nm) electrolyte interposed with a nanogranular catalytic interlayer at the cathode/electrolyte interface. We attribute the superior cell performance to significant reduction in both the ohmic and the polarization losses due to the combined effects of employing an ultrathin film electrolyte, enhancement of effective area by 3-D architecture, and superior catalytic activity by the ceria-based interlayer at the cathode. These insights will help design high-efficiency SOFCs that operate at low temperatures with power densities that are of practical significance.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nl402661p
View details for PubMedID 23977845
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Atomic Layer Deposition of Platinum Catalysts on Nanowire Surfaces for Photoelectrochemical Water Reduction
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
2013; 135 (35): 12932-12935
Abstract
The photocathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from p-type Si nanowire (NW) arrays was evaluated using platinum deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) as a HER cocatalyst. ALD of Pt on the NW surface led to a highly conformal coating of nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 0.5 to 3 nm, allowing for precise control of the Pt loading in deep submonolayer quantities. The catalytic performance was measured using as little as 1 cycle of Pt ALD, which corresponded to a surface mass loading of ∼10 ng/cm(2). The quantitative exploration of the lower limits of Pt cocatalyst loading reported here, and its application to high-surface-area NW photoelectrodes, establish a general approach for minimizing the cost of precious-metal cocatalysts for efficient and affordable solar-to-fuel applications.
View details for DOI 10.1021/ja405680p
View details for Web of Science ID 000330163100003
View details for PubMedID 23962091
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Three-Dimensional Nanostructured Bilayer Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with 1.3 W/cm(2) at 450 degrees C
NANO LETTERS
2013; 13 (9): 4551-4555
Abstract
Obtaining high power density at low operating temperatures has been an ongoing challenge in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), which are efficient engines to generate electrical energy from fuels. Here we report successful demonstration of a thin-film three-dimensional (3-D) SOFC architecture achieving a peak power density of 1.3 W/cm(2) obtained at 450 °C. This is made possible by nanostructuring of the ultrathin (60 nm) electrolyte interposed with a nanogranular catalytic interlayer at the cathode/electrolyte interface. We attribute the superior cell performance to significant reduction in both the ohmic and the polarization losses due to the combined effects of employing an ultrathin film electrolyte, enhancement of effective area by 3-D architecture, and superior catalytic activity by the ceria-based interlayer at the cathode. These insights will help design high-efficiency SOFCs that operate at low temperatures with power densities that are of practical significance.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nl402661p
View details for Web of Science ID 000330158900093
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Effect of cation non-stoichiometry and crystallinity on the ionic conductivity of atomic layer deposited Y:BaZrO3 films
THIN SOLID FILMS
2013; 539: 166-169
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.05.092
View details for Web of Science ID 000321111100029
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Atomistic simulations of grain boundary segregation in nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia and gadolinia-doped ceria solid oxide electrolytes
ACTA MATERIALIA
2013; 61 (10): 3872-3887
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.03.027
View details for Web of Science ID 000319304400032
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Ultra-thin platinum catalytic electrodes fabricated by atomic layer deposition.
Physical chemistry chemical physics
2013; 15 (20): 7520-7525
Abstract
Because noble metal catalysts (e.g. Pt) are one of the main contributors to low-temperature (<500 °C) fuel cell costs, significant efforts have been made to lower the noble metal loading in constructing fuel cell electrodes. In this work, ultra-thin (∼10 nm) platinum (Pt) cathode/catalyst layers were patterned by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and tested as catalytic electrodes (cathode) for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. We found that 180 cycles or approximately 10 nm of ALD Pt, with a Pt loading of only 0.02 mg cm(-2), were sufficient for the purpose of a catalytic cathode. Furthermore, this ALD Pt resulted in fuel cell performance comparable to that achieved by 80 nm-thick sputtered Pt. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations revealed the optimized number of ALD cycles of Pt for the catalytic electrode, which renders both contiguity and high triple-phase boundary (TPB) density. This result suggests the ability to significantly reduce Pt loading, thereby reducing the cost, and furthermore, can be easily applied to high performance fuel cells with complex 3-D structures.
View details for DOI 10.1039/c3cp50996f
View details for PubMedID 23579635
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Aberration-Corrected TEM Imaging of Oxygen Occupancy in YSZ
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
2013; 4 (7): 1156-1160
Abstract
We present atomic-scale imaging of oxygen columns and show quantitative analysis on the occupancy of the columns in yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) using aberration-corrected TEM operated under the negative Cs condition. Also, individual contributions both from oxygen column occupancy and the static displacement of oxygen atoms due to occupancy change to the observed column intensities of TEM images were systematically investigated using HRTEM simulation. We found that oxygen column intensity is governed primarily by column occupancy rather than by static displacement of oxygen atoms. Utilizing the aberration-corrected TEM capability and HRTEM simulation results, we experimentally verified that oxygen vacancies segregate near the single grain boundary of a YSZ bicrystal. The methodology and the high spatial resolution characterization tool employed in the present study provide insights into the distribution of oxygen vacancies in the bulk as well as near grain boundaries and pave the way for further investigation and atomic-scale analysis in other important oxide materials.
View details for DOI 10.1021/jz4002423
View details for Web of Science ID 000317317500017
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Enhanced oxygen exchange on surface-engineered yttria-stabilized zirconia.
ACS nano
2013; 7 (3): 2186-2191
Abstract
Ion conducting oxides are commonly used as electrolytes in electrochemical devices including solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen sensors. A typical issue with these oxide electrolytes is sluggish oxygen surface kinetics at the gas-electrolyte interface. An approach to overcome this sluggish kinetics is by engineering the oxide surface with a lower oxygen incorporation barrier. In this study, we engineered the surface doping concentration of a common oxide electrolyte, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), with the help of atomic layer deposition (ALD). On optimizing the dopant concentration at the surface of single-crystal YSZ, a 5-fold increase in the oxygen surface exchange coefficient of the electrolyte was observed using isotopic oxygen exchange experiments coupled with secondary ion mass spectrometer measurements. The results demonstrate that electrolyte surface engineering with ALD can have a meaningful impact on the performance of electrochemical devices.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nn305122f
View details for PubMedID 23397972
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Enhanced Oxygen Exchange on Surface-Engineered Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia
ACS NANO
2013; 7 (3): 2186-2191
Abstract
Ion conducting oxides are commonly used as electrolytes in electrochemical devices including solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen sensors. A typical issue with these oxide electrolytes is sluggish oxygen surface kinetics at the gas-electrolyte interface. An approach to overcome this sluggish kinetics is by engineering the oxide surface with a lower oxygen incorporation barrier. In this study, we engineered the surface doping concentration of a common oxide electrolyte, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), with the help of atomic layer deposition (ALD). On optimizing the dopant concentration at the surface of single-crystal YSZ, a 5-fold increase in the oxygen surface exchange coefficient of the electrolyte was observed using isotopic oxygen exchange experiments coupled with secondary ion mass spectrometer measurements. The results demonstrate that electrolyte surface engineering with ALD can have a meaningful impact on the performance of electrochemical devices.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nn305122f
View details for Web of Science ID 000316846700034
View details for PubMedID 23397972
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Spatial Variation of Available Electronic Excitations within Individual Quantum Dots
NANO LETTERS
2013; 13 (2): 716-721
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) allow for manipulation of the position and energy levels of electrons at sub-10 nm length scales through control of material chemistry, size, and shape. It is known from optical studies that the bandgap of semiconductor QDs increases as their size decreases due to the narrowing of the quantum confinement potential. The mechanism of quantum confinement also indicates that the localized properties within individual QDs should depend on their shape in addition to their size, but direct observations of this effect have proven challenging due to the limited spatial resolution of measurement techniques at this scale and the ability to remove contributions from the surroundings. Here we present experimental evidence of spatial variations in the lowest available electron transition energy within a series of single electrically isolated QDs due to a dome-shaped geometry, measured using electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a (scanning) transmission electron microscope [(S)TEM-EELS]. We observe a consistent increase in the energy onset of electronic excitations from the lateral center of the dot toward the edges, which we attribute purely to shape. This trend is in qualitative agreement with a simple quantum simulation of the local density of states in a dome-shaped QD.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nl304400c
View details for Web of Science ID 000315079500065
View details for PubMedID 23276278
- Atomic Scale Verification of Oxide-Ion Vacancy Distribution near a Single Grain Boundary in YSZ Scientific Reports 2013
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Effects of QD Surface Coverage in Solid-State PbS Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells
39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
IEEE. 2013: 1080–1083
View details for Web of Science ID 000340054100239
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Atomic layer deposition of thin-film ceramic electrolytes for high-performance fuel cells
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
2013; 1 (41): 12695-12705
View details for DOI 10.1039/c3ta11399j
View details for Web of Science ID 000325413000001
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Efficiency enhancement of solid-state PbS quantum dot-sensitized solar cells with Al2O3 barrier layer
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
2013; 1 (26): 7566-7571
View details for DOI 10.1039/c3ta10903h
View details for Web of Science ID 000320245400004
- Effect of Cation Non-Stoichiometry and Crystallinity on the Ionic Conductivity of Atomic Layer Deposited Y:BaZrO3 Films Thin Solid Films 2013; 539: 166-169
- Ultra-Thin Catalytic Electrodes for LT-SOFC Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013; 15: 7520
- Editor’s Choice (Materials Science: 3D Lowers T) Science 2013; 342: 15
- Three-Dimensional Nanostructured Bilayer Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with 1.3 W/cm2 at 450C Nano Letters 2013
- STANFORD ENGINEERS DEVELOP FUEL CELL THAT CAN DELIVER RECORD POWER-PER-SQUARE INCH AT RECORD-LOW TEMPERATURES (http://engineering.stanford.edu/research-profile/stanford-engineers-develop-fuel-cell-can-deliver-record-power-square-inch-record-lo) Stanford Engineering News 2013
- Nanotubular Array Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ACS Nano 2013
- Atomic layer deposition of thin-film ceramic electrolytes for high-performance fuel cells J. Mater. Chem. A (feature article) 2013
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Enhancing Charge Transfer Kinetics by Nanoscale Catalytic Cermet Interlayer
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
2012; 4 (12): 6789-6794
Abstract
Enhancing the density of catalytic sites is crucial for improving the performance of energy conversion devices. This work demonstrates the kinetic role of 2 nm thin YSZ/Pt cermet layers on enhancing the oxygen reduction kinetics for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Cermet layers were deposited between the porous Pt cathode and the dense YSZ electrolyte wafer using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Not only the catalytic role of the cermet layer itself but the mixing effect in the cermet was explored. For cells with unmixed and fully mixed cermet interlayers, the maximum power density was enhanced by a factor of 1.5 and 1.8 at 400 °C, and by 2.3 and 2.7 at 450 °C, respectively, when compared to control cells with no cermet interlayer. The observed enhancement in cell performance is believed to be due to the increased triple phase boundary (TPB) density in the cermet interlayer. We also believe that the sustained kinetics for the fully mixed cermet layer sample stems from better thermal stability of Pt islands separated by the ALD YSZ matrix, which helped to maintain the high-density TPBs even at elevated temperature.
View details for DOI 10.1021/am3019788
View details for Web of Science ID 000313149800053
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Enhancing charge transfer kinetics by nanoscale catalytic cermet interlayer.
ACS applied materials & interfaces
2012; 4 (12): 6790-6795
Abstract
Enhancing the density of catalytic sites is crucial for improving the performance of energy conversion devices. This work demonstrates the kinetic role of 2 nm thin YSZ/Pt cermet layers on enhancing the oxygen reduction kinetics for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Cermet layers were deposited between the porous Pt cathode and the dense YSZ electrolyte wafer using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Not only the catalytic role of the cermet layer itself but the mixing effect in the cermet was explored. For cells with unmixed and fully mixed cermet interlayers, the maximum power density was enhanced by a factor of 1.5 and 1.8 at 400 °C, and by 2.3 and 2.7 at 450 °C, respectively, when compared to control cells with no cermet interlayer. The observed enhancement in cell performance is believed to be due to the increased triple phase boundary (TPB) density in the cermet interlayer. We also believe that the sustained kinetics for the fully mixed cermet layer sample stems from better thermal stability of Pt islands separated by the ALD YSZ matrix, which helped to maintain the high-density TPBs even at elevated temperature.
View details for DOI 10.1021/am3019788
View details for PubMedID 23151148
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Oxygen diffusion across the grain boundary in bicrystal yttria stabilized zirconia
SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS
2012; 152 (24): 2169-2171
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ssc.2012.09.019
View details for Web of Science ID 000312238200010
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Observing the Nucleation Phase of Atomic Layer Deposition In Situ
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
2012; 24 (22): 4357-4362
View details for DOI 10.1021/cm302398v
View details for Web of Science ID 000313769300012
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In Situ Cycle-by-Cycle Flash Annealing of Atomic Layer Deposited Materials
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
2012; 116 (45): 24177-24183
View details for DOI 10.1021/jp308895e
View details for Web of Science ID 000311190800041
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Thickness effects of yttria-doped ceria interlayers on solid oxide fuel cells
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
2012; 218: 187-191
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.06.103
View details for Web of Science ID 000309038100030
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Nickel Silicide Nanowire Arrays for Anti-Reflective Electrodes in Photovoltaics
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
2012; 22 (17): 3650-3657
View details for DOI 10.1002/adfm.201200398
View details for Web of Science ID 000308329800015
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Improved oxygen surface exchange kinetics at grain boundaries in nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia
MRS COMMUNICATIONS
2012; 2 (3): 107-111
View details for DOI 10.1557/mrc.2012.18
View details for Web of Science ID 000314592100008
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Ab initio kinetic Monte Carlo model of ionic conduction in bulk yttria-stabilized zirconia
MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
2012; 20 (6)
View details for DOI 10.1088/0965-0393/20/6/065006
View details for Web of Science ID 000308251800006
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High aspect ratio and high breakdown strength metal-oxide capacitors
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
2012; 101 (3)
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.4737641
View details for Web of Science ID 000306748000089
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Structural and compositional analysis of solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes using transmission electron microscopy
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRECISION ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING
2012; 13 (7): 1273-1279
View details for DOI 10.1007/s12541-012-0170-8
View details for Web of Science ID 000305804200038
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Nanoscale impedance and complex properties in energy-related systems
MRS BULLETIN
2012; 37 (7): 659-667
View details for DOI 10.1557/mrs.2012.145
View details for Web of Science ID 000306367300013
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Nanostructured Platinum Catalysts by Atomic-Layer Deposition for Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
2012; 2 (6): 651-654
View details for DOI 10.1002/aenm.201200002
View details for Web of Science ID 000305179000006
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Oxygen Surface Exchange at Grain Boundaries of Oxide Ion Conductors
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
2012; 22 (5): 965-971
View details for DOI 10.1002/adfm.201101996
View details for Web of Science ID 000300931500008
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Nanoscale membrane electrolyte array for solid oxide fuel cells
ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
2012; 16 (1): 77-79
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.12.002
View details for Web of Science ID 000301617200020
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Enhanced oxygen exchange and incorporation at surface grain boundaries on an oxide ion conductor
ACTA MATERIALIA
2012; 60 (1): 1-7
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.09.050
View details for Web of Science ID 000297822300001
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Effect of High Surface Area Pd Electrodes on SOFC Performance at 350 degrees C
A4 Symposium on Grand Challenges in Energy Conversion and Storage / 220th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS)
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC. 2012: 35–41
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.4729180
View details for Web of Science ID 000316017000005
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Fluorine contamination in yttrium-doped barium zirconate film deposited by atomic layer deposition
JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
2012; 30 (1)
View details for DOI 10.1116/1.3670750
View details for Web of Science ID 000298992800061
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Use of a high-flow diaphragm valve in the exhaust line of atomic layer deposition reactors
JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
2012; 30 (1)
View details for DOI 10.1116/1.3656945
View details for Web of Science ID 000298992800010
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Patterned Silver Nanomesh Cathode for Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2012; 159 (5): B541-B545
View details for DOI 10.1149/2.059205jes
View details for Web of Science ID 000307714100010
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Mechanical masking of films deposited by atomic layer deposition
JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
2012; 30 (1)
View details for DOI 10.1116/1.3669520
View details for Web of Science ID 000298992800053
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Surface-Modified Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
2011; 21 (24): 4684-4690
View details for DOI 10.1002/adfm.201101058
View details for Web of Science ID 000298017900010
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Oxygen activation over engineered surface grains on YDC/YSZ interlayered composite electrolyte for LT-SOFC
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
2011; 196 (24): 10550-10555
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.08.075
View details for Web of Science ID 000296928100002
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A combined scanning tunneling microscope-atomic layer deposition tool
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
2011; 82 (12)
Abstract
We have built a combined scanning tunneling microscope-atomic layer deposition (STM-ALD) tool that performs in situ imaging of deposition. It operates from room temperature up to 200 °C, and at pressures from 1 × 10(-6) Torr to 1 × 10(-2) Torr. The STM-ALD system has a complete passive vibration isolation system that counteracts both seismic and acoustic excitations. The instrument can be used as an observation tool to monitor the initial growth phases of ALD in situ, as well as a nanofabrication tool by applying an electric field with the tip to laterally pattern deposition. In this paper, we describe the design of the tool and demonstrate its capability for atomic resolution STM imaging, atomic layer deposition, and the combination of the two techniques for in situ characterization of deposition.
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.3669774
View details for Web of Science ID 000298643100032
View details for PubMedID 22225221
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ALD for clean energy conversion, utilization, and storage
MRS BULLETIN
2011; 36 (11): 899-906
View details for DOI 10.1557/mrs.2011.265
View details for Web of Science ID 000299230300018
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In vivo electrochemical impedance measurement on single cell membrane
MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
2011; 88 (10): 3094-3100
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.mee.2011.06.003
View details for Web of Science ID 000297400900009
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Effect of crystallinity on proton conductivity in yttrium-doped barium zirconate thin films
SOLID STATE IONICS
2011; 198 (1): 39-46
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ssi.2011.07.004
View details for Web of Science ID 000295892700007
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Three-dimensional biodegradable microscaffolding: Scaffold characterization and cell population at single cell resolution
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
2011; 7 (9): 3325-3335
Abstract
Engineering artificial tissue scaffolds with a similar organization to that of the natural tissue is a key element to the successful recapitulation of function. However, three-dimensional (3-D) fabrication of tissue scaffolds containing complex microarchitectures still remains a challenge. In addition, little attention has been paid to the issue of how to incorporate cells within 3-D tissue scaffolds that contain precisely engineered architectures. Here we report a 3-D biodegradable microscaffolding (3D-BMS) technology and its process characterization as well as a microscale cellular loading technology as an efficient way to massively populate biodegradable polymers with cells at single cell resolution. In this study a particular emphasis was given to characterization of the material properties of the biodegradable polymers undergoing the 3D-BMS processes. Optimal process conditions were identified in order to avoid any unwanted change in material properties, such as crystallinity and scaffold strength, that have a direct impact on the degradation speed and physical integrity of the constructed scaffolds. For precise control of the cell distribution within the microstructured scaffolds a high precision microsieve structure was designed to localize rat hepatocytes and human articular chondrocytes in the biodegradable polymers. Cell suspensions were passed at a predetermined flow rate through biodegradable polymer layers that contained tapered microholes in a massively parallel process. This high resolution cell seeding method allows accurate manipulation of cell placement in thin layers of biodegradable polymers.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.05.011
View details for Web of Science ID 000294040900009
View details for PubMedID 21640854
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Cup-shaped yttria-doped barium zirconate membrane fuel cell array
MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
2011; 88 (8): 2405-2407
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.mee.2010.12.006
View details for Web of Science ID 000293663400191
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In vivo O-2 measurement inside single photosynthetic cells
BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS
2011; 33 (8): 1675-1681
Abstract
The oxygen evolution of single cells was investigated using a nano-probe with an ultra-micro electrode (UME) in a submicron sized system in combination with a micro-fluidic system. A single cell was immobilized in the micro-fluidic system and a nano-probe was inserted into the cytosolic space of the single cell. Then, the UME was used for an in vivo amperometric experiment at a fixed potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to detect oxygen evolution of the single cell under various light intensities.
View details for DOI 10.1007/s10529-011-0604-x
View details for Web of Science ID 000293752000025
View details for PubMedID 21476096
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Improved Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Performance with Nanostructured Electrolytes
ACS NANO
2011; 5 (7): 5692-5696
Abstract
Considerable attention has been focused on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) due to their potential for providing clean and reliable electric power. However, the high operating temperatures of current SOFCs limit their adoption in mobile applications. To lower the SOFC operating temperature, we fabricated a corrugated thin-film electrolyte membrane by nanosphere lithography and atomic layer deposition to reduce the polarization and ohmic losses at low temperatures. The resulting micro-SOFC electrolyte membrane showed a hexagonal-pyramid array nanostructure and achieved a power density of 1.34 W/cm(2) at 500 °C. In the future, arrays of micro-SOFCs with high power density may enable a range of mobile and portable power applications.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nn201354p
View details for Web of Science ID 000293035200047
View details for PubMedID 21657222
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Nonprecious Metal Catalysts for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
2011; 115 (23): 11641-11648
View details for DOI 10.1021/jp2022538
View details for Web of Science ID 000291339000040
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Enhancing Oxide Ion Incorporation Kinetics by Nanoscale Yttria-Doped Ceria interlayers
NANO LETTERS
2011; 11 (6): 2202-2205
Abstract
Interlayering 17.5 nm of Yttria-doped ceria (YDC) thin films between bulk yttria-stabilized-zirconia electrolyte and a porous Pt cathode enhanced the performance of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. The added YDC interlayer (14.11% doped Y(2)O(3)) was fabricated by atomic layer deposition and reduced the cathode/electrolyte interfacial resistances while increasing the exchange current density j(0) by a factor of 4 at operating temperatures between 300-500 °C. Tafel plots and the fitted impedance data suggest that the charge transfer coefficient α of interlayered SOFCs was 1.25 times higher, and the electrode/interfacial activation energy was reduced from 0.85 to 0.76 eV.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nl104417n
View details for Web of Science ID 000291322600002
View details for PubMedID 21563786
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Crater patterned 3-D proton conducting ceramic fuel cell architecture with ultra thin Y:BaZrO3 electrolyte
ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
2011; 13 (5): 403-406
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.02.004
View details for Web of Science ID 000290741500006
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Atomic Layer Deposition of Lead Sulfide Quantum Dots on Nanowire Surfaces
NANO LETTERS
2011; 11 (3): 934-940
Abstract
Quantum dots provide unique advantages in the design of novel optoelectronic devices owing to the ability to tune their properties as a function of size. Here we demonstrate a new technique for fabrication of quantum dots during the nucleation stage of atomic layer deposition (ALD) of PbS. Islands with sub-10 nm diameters were observed during the initial ALD cycles by transmission electron microscopy, and in situ observations of the coalescence and sublimation behavior of these islands show the possibility of further modifying the size and density of dots by annealing. The ALD process can be used to cover high-aspect-ratio nanostructures, as demonstrated by the uniform coating of a Si nanowire array with a single layer of PbS quantum dots. Photoluminescence measurements on the quantum dot/nanowire composites show a blue shift when the number of ALD cycles is decreased, suggesting a route to fabricate unique three-dimensional nanostructured devices such as solar cells.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nl103001h
View details for Web of Science ID 000288061500003
View details for PubMedID 21319844
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Enhancing ionic conductivity of bulk single-crystal yttria-stabilized zirconia by tailoring dopant distribution
PHYSICAL REVIEW B
2011; 83 (5)
View details for DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.052301
View details for Web of Science ID 000287358900001
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Elastic Properties of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A
2011; 17 (3-4): 495-502
Abstract
The recent technique of transducing key transcription factors into unipotent cells (fibroblasts) to generate pluripotent stem cells (induced pluripotent stem cells [iPSCs]) has significantly changed the stem cell field. These cells have great promise for many clinical applications, including that of regenerative medicine. Our findings show that iPSCs can be derived from human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs), a notable advancement in the clinical applicability of these cells. To investigate differences between two iPS cell lines (fibroblast-iPSC and hASC-iPSC), and also the gold standard human embryonic stem cell, we looked at cell stiffness as a possible indicator of cell differentiation-potential differences. We used atomic force microscopy as a tool to determine stem cell stiffness, and hence differences in material properties between cells. Human fibroblast and hASC stiffness was also ascertained for comparison. Interestingly, cells exhibited a noticeable difference in stiffness. From least to most stiff, the order of cell stiffness was as follows: hASC-iPSC, human embryonic stem cell, fibroblast-iPSC, fibroblasts, and, lastly, as the stiffest cell, hASC. In comparing hASC-iPSCs to their origin cell, the hASC, the reprogrammed cell is significantly less stiff, indicating that greater differentiation potentials may correlate with a lower cellular modulus. The stiffness differences are not dependent on cell culture density; hence, material differences between cells cannot be attributed solely to cell-cell constraints. The change in mechanical properties of the cells in response to reprogramming offers insight into how the cell interacts with its environment and might lend clues to how to efficiently reprogram cell populations as well as how to maintain their pluripotent state.
View details for DOI 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0211
View details for Web of Science ID 000286661600023
View details for PubMedID 20807017
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3052278
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ALD-METAL UNCOOLED BOLOMETER
24th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
IEEE. 2011: 676–679
View details for Web of Science ID 000295841200168
- Low Temperature Direct Methanol Fuel Cell With YSZ Electrolyte ECS Trans 2011; 35
- Silver Nanomesh as a Cathode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ECS Transactions 2011; 35: 2209-2212
- Atomic Layer Deposited Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Barrier Layer for Proton Conducting Oxide (Invited) ECS Trans 2011; 41: 315-319
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Improving solid oxide fuel cells with yttria-doped ceria interlayers by atomic layer deposition
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY
2011; 21 (29): 10903-10906
View details for DOI 10.1039/c1jm11550b
View details for Web of Science ID 000292978600048
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Stress-driven grain growth in nanocrystalline Pt thin films
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
2011; 64 (1): 25-28
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.08.057
View details for Web of Science ID 000284453300007
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Atomic Layer Deposited Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Barrier Layer for Proton Conducting Oxide
7th Symposium on Atomic Layer Deposition Applications/220th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS)
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC. 2011: 315–19
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3633682
View details for Web of Science ID 000305937200034
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Fabrication of Nanotubular Membrane Electrode Assembly for A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Symposium on Tutorials in Nanotechnology - Focus on Luminescence and Display Materials/218th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society/High Resolution Characterization of Corrosion Processes 2/Symposium on Solid State Ionic Devices 8 - NEMCA
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC. 2011: 129–39
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3589191
View details for Web of Science ID 000300615700012
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Epitaxial and Polycrystalline Gadolinia-Doped Ceria Cathode Interlayers for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2011; 158 (11): B1453-B1457
View details for DOI 10.1149/2.001112jes
View details for Web of Science ID 000295626000032
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Electrodeposited Metallic Nanowires as a Scanning Probe Tip
International Symposium on Pits and Pores IV - New Materials and Applications in Memory of Ulrich Gosele as Part of the 218th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC. 2011: 101–8
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3553161
View details for Web of Science ID 000309464600012
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Gadolinia-doped Ceria Cathode Interlayer for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
12th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC. 2011: 1155–59
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3570098
View details for Web of Science ID 000300770102019
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Low Temperature Direct Methanol Fuel Cell with YSZ Electrolyte
12th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC. 2011: 2855–66
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3570285
View details for Web of Science ID 000300770105038
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Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of lead sulfide quantum wells fabricated by atomic layer deposition
NANOTECHNOLOGY
2010; 21 (48)
Abstract
We report the use of scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) to investigate one-dimensional quantum confinement effects in lead sulfide (PbS) thin films. Specifically, quantum confinement effects on the band gap of PbS quantum wells were explored by controlling the PbS film thickness and potential barrier height. PbS quantum well structures with a thickness range of 1-20 nm were fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Two barrier materials were selected based on barrier height: aluminum oxide as a high barrier material and zinc oxide as a low barrier material. Band gap measurements were carried out by STS, and an effective mass theory was developed to compare the experimental results. Our results show that the band gap of PbS thin films increased as the film thickness decreased, and the barrier height increased from 0.45 to 2.19 eV.
View details for DOI 10.1088/0957-4484/21/48/485402
View details for Web of Science ID 000284053500011
View details for PubMedID 21063050
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Evidence of Proton Transport in Atomic Layer Deposited Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Films
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
2010; 22 (18): 5366-5370
View details for DOI 10.1021/cm1017536
View details for Web of Science ID 000281891900031
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Atomic Layer Deposition of Al-doped ZnO Films: Effect of Grain Orientation on Conductivity
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
2010; 22 (16): 4769-4775
View details for DOI 10.1021/cm101227h
View details for Web of Science ID 000280855100032
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Increased Cathodic Kinetics on Platinum in IT-SOFCs by Inserting Highly Ionic-Conducting Nanocrystalline Materials
JOURNAL OF FUEL CELL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
2010; 7 (4)
View details for DOI 10.1115/1.4000632
View details for Web of Science ID 000276554800012
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In vitro effects of direct current electric fields on adipose-derived stromal cells
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
2010; 397 (1): 12-17
Abstract
Endogenous electric fields play an important role in embryogenesis, regeneration, and wound repair and previous studies have shown that many populations of cells, leukocytes, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells, exhibit directed migration in response to electric fields. As regenerative therapies continue to explore ways to control mesenchymal progenitor cells to recreate desirable tissues, it is increasingly necessary to characterize the vast nature of biological responses imposed by physical phenomena. Murine adipose-derived stromal cells (mASCs) migrated toward the cathode in direct current (DC) fields of physiologic strength and show a dose dependence of migration rate to stronger fields. Electric fields also caused mASCs to orient perpendicularly to the field vector and elicited a transient increase in cytosolic calcium. Additionally, their galvanotactic response appears to share classic chemotactic signaling pathways that are involved in the migration of other cell types. Galvanotaxis is one predominant result of electric fields on mASCs and it may be exploited to engineer adult stem cell concentrations and locations within implanted grafts or toward sites of wound repair.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.05.003
View details for Web of Science ID 000279292800003
View details for PubMedID 20452327
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Active water management at the cathode of a planar air-breathing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell using an electroosmotic pump
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
2010; 195 (11): 3640-3644
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.12.025
View details for Web of Science ID 000275386100039
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Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Co-Deposited Pt-Ru Binary and Pt Skin Catalysts for Concentrated Methanol Oxidation
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
2010; 22 (10): 3024-3032
View details for DOI 10.1021/cm902904u
View details for Web of Science ID 000277635000002
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Passive water management at the cathode of a planar air-breathing proton exchange membrane fuel cell
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
2010; 195 (10): 3201-3206
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.12.030
View details for Web of Science ID 000275074200023
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Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of Lead Sulfide: Nanoscale Patterning and DFT Simulations
LANGMUIR
2010; 26 (9): 6845-6852
Abstract
Area-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) of lead sulfide (PbS) was achieved on octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS)-patterned silicon substrates. We investigated the capability of ODTS self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to deactivate the ALD PbS surface reactions as a function of dipping time in ODTS solution. The reaction mechanism was investigated using density functional theory (DFT), which showed that the initial ALD half-reaction is energetically unfavorable on a methyl-terminated SAM surface. Conventional photolithography was used to create oxide patterns on which ODTS SAMs were selectively grown. Consequently, PbS thin films were grown selectively only where ODTS was not present, whereas deposition was blocked in regions where ODTS was grown. The resulting fabricated patterns were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy, which demonstrated that ALD PbS was well confined to defined patterns with high selectivity by ODTS SAMs. In addition, AFM lithography was employed to create nanoscale PbS patterns. Our results show that this method can be applied to various device-fabrication processes, presenting new opportunities for various nanofabrication schemes and manifesting the benefits of self-assembly.
View details for DOI 10.1021/la904122e
View details for Web of Science ID 000276969700113
View details for PubMedID 20099790
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Direct Extraction of Photosynthetic Electrons from Single Algal Cells by Nanoprobing System
NANO LETTERS
2010; 10 (4): 1137-1143
Abstract
There are numerous sources of bioenergy that are generated by photosynthetic processes, for example, lipids, alcohols, hydrogen, and polysaccharides. However, generally only a small fraction of solar energy absorbed by photosynthetic organisms is converted to a form of energy that can be readily exploited. To more efficiently use the solar energy harvested by photosynthetic organisms, we evaluated the feasibility of generating bioelectricity by directly extracting electrons from the photosynthetic electron transport chain before they are used to fix CO(2) into sugars and polysaccharides. From a living algal cell, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, photosynthetic electrons (1.2 pA at 6000 mA/m(2)) were directly extracted without a mediator electron carrier by inserting a nanoelectrode into the algal chloroplast and applying an overvoltage. This result may represent an initial step in generating "high efficiency" bioelectricity by directly harvesting high energy photosynthetic electrons.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nl903141j
View details for Web of Science ID 000276557100007
View details for PubMedID 20201533
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Design of an atomic layer deposition reactor for hydrogen sulfide compatibility
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
2010; 81 (4)
Abstract
A customized atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactor was designed with components compatible with hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) chemistry. H(2)S is used as a reactant for the ALD of metal sulfides. The use of H(2)S in an ALD reactor requires special attention to safety issues due to its highly toxic, flammable, and corrosive nature. The reactor was designed with respect to materials compatibility of all wetted components with H(2)S. A customized safety interlock system was developed to shut down the system in the event of toxic gas leakage, power outage, loss of building ventilation or compressed air pressure. ALD of lead sulfide (PbS) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) were demonstrated with no chemical contamination or detectable release of H(2)S.
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.3384349
View details for Web of Science ID 000277243100039
View details for PubMedID 20441356
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Modification of Nafion (R) Using 3-mercaptopropyl Trimethoxysilane
JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
2010; 56 (4): 1215-1222
View details for DOI 10.3938/jkps.56.1215
View details for Web of Science ID 000276783000035
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Atomistic simulations of surface segregation of defects in solid oxide electrolytes
ACTA MATERIALIA
2010; 58 (6): 2197-2206
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.12.005
View details for Web of Science ID 000275511700028
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Pulsed Direct Current Electric Fields Enhance Osteogenesis in Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells
TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A
2010; 16 (3): 917-931
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) constitute a promising source of cells for regenerative medicine applications. Previous studies of osteogenic potential in ASCs have focused on chemicals, growth factors, and mechanical stimuli. Citing the demonstrated role electric fields play in enhancing healing in bone fractures and defects, we investigated the ability of pulsed direct current electric fields to drive osteogenic differentiation in mouse ASCs. Employing 50 Hz direct current electric fields in concert with and without osteogenic factors, we demonstrated increased early osteoblast-specific markers. We were also able to establish that commonly reported artifacts of electric field stimulation are not the primary mediators of the observed effects. The electric fields caused marked changes in the cytoskeleton. We used atomic force microscopy-based force spectroscopy to record an increase in the cytoskeletal tension after treatment with electric fields. We abolished the increased cytoskeletal stresses with the rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor, Y27632, and did not see any decrease in osteogenic gene expression, suggesting that the pro-osteogenic effects of the electric fields are not transduced via cytoskeletal tension. Electric fields may show promise as candidate enhancers of osteogenesis of ASCs and may be incorporated into cell-based strategies for skeletal regeneration.
View details for DOI 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0267
View details for Web of Science ID 000275041500016
View details for PubMedID 19824802
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2862617
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Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of oxygen vacancy diffusion in a solid electrolyte: Computing the electrical impedance using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem
ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
2010; 12 (2): 223-226
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.11.031
View details for Web of Science ID 000274878400013
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Nanopore Patterned Pt Array Electrodes for Triple Phase Boundary Study in Low Temperature SOFC
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2010; 157 (9): B1269-B1274
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3455046
View details for Web of Science ID 000280348300008
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Silicon-based Thin Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Array
Conference on Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security 2010
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2010
View details for DOI 10.1117/12.863069
View details for Web of Science ID 000285543200004
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Proton Conductivity Studies of Y-Doped Barium Zirconate: Theoretical and Experimental Approaches
Symposium on Battery/Energy Technology Joint General Session Held During the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS)
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC. 2010: 367–81
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3414030
View details for Web of Science ID 000313248000032
- Effects of Ion Irradiation on the Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells J. Electrochem. Soc. 2010; 157: 166-172
- Dopant-Induced Electronic Structure Modification of HOPG Surfaces: Implications for High Activity Fuel Cell Catalysts J. Phys. Chem. C 2010; 114: 506-515
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First principles study of doped carbon supports for enhanced platinum catalysts
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
2010; 12 (32): 9461-9468
Abstract
Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) implanted with N, Ar and B is studied as a support for platinum nanoparticle catalysts for fuel cells. Experimentally, we find that Pt supported by N-HOPG is more disperse, more catalytically active and suffers less particle ripening than native HOPG, while Pt supported on Ar-irradiated HOPG is slightly more active but ripens more than Pt on native HOPG. Defective HOPG supports are modeled by density functional theory (DFT) calculations that confirm and explain the above experimental results. First, defect energetics are studied to demonstrate that nitrogen doping at high doses likely causes agglomerated nitrogenous defect clusters, and irradiation with Ar ions creates vacancies that agglomerate in vacancy clusters. Second, Pt catalyst particle nucleation and agglomeration is studied. For Pt clusters supported on HOPG with nitrogen defects, calculations show a greater driving force for nucleation and greater particle tethering. For Pt clusters supported on HOPG with vacancy aggregations, this study shows a strong driving force for nucleation and a much enhanced tendency for particle ripening. Third, the electronic structure of Pt clusters on different supports is calculated. Finally, reaction energetics are calculated for two likely reaction pathways over Pt clusters supported on different HOPG substrates. Pt-N-HOPG shows modified electronic structure of the Pt catalyst and increased activity towards oxygen. Pt-Ar-HOPG shows slightly enhanced catalytic activity towards oxygen. In all respects, the findings agree with experiment. The calculations attribute the catalytic activity changes primarily to changes in the workfunction and secondarily to the d-band structure of supported Pt particles.
View details for DOI 10.1039/b927263a
View details for Web of Science ID 000280708400041
View details for PubMedID 20571681
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Effects of Ion Irradiation on the Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2010; 157 (1): B166-B172
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3256137
View details for Web of Science ID 000272387200042
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Interpretation of Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrochemical Impedance Spectra
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2010; 157 (1): B64-B70
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3251291
View details for Web of Science ID 000272387200026
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Impact of Accompanying Hydrogen Generation on Metal Nanotube Electrodeposition
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2010; 157 (6): D357-D369
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3365038
View details for Web of Science ID 000277260200058
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Catalysts with Pt Surface Coating by Atomic Layer Deposition for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2010; 157 (6): B793-B797
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3368787
View details for Web of Science ID 000277260200023
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Sputtered Pt-Ru Alloys as Catalysts for Highly Concentrated Methanol Oxidation
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2010; 157 (3): B314-B319
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3273081
View details for Web of Science ID 000274321900021
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Reduction and oxidation of oxide ion conductors with conductive atomic force microscopy
NANOTECHNOLOGY
2009; 20 (44)
Abstract
Local accumulation and dissipation of charges on the surface of oxide ion conductors resulting from electric potentials were observed with conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM). After a negative bias was applied at the tip, a sequence of surface potential maps appeared compatible with electron injection onto the electrolyte surface. Applying a positive bias, in contrast, generated a positive surface charge adjacent to the tip contact area. This observation is consistent with the formation of oxide ion vacancies on the oxide surface. In addition, oxide ion conductivity at a low temperature range (100-200 degrees C) was obtained, and the activation energy for diffusion in gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) was calculated as approximately 0.56 eV, implying that the majority of oxide ion vacancies diffuse on the surface rather than inside the bulk of the electrolyte.
View details for DOI 10.1088/0957-4484/20/44/445706
View details for Web of Science ID 000270562900028
View details for PubMedID 19809106
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Surface Modification of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte by Atomic Layer Deposition
NANO LETTERS
2009; 9 (10): 3626-3628
Abstract
Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte membranes were surface modified by adding a 1 nm thin, high-yttria concentration YSZ film with the help of atomic layer deposition. The addition of the 1 nm film led to an increase of the maximum power density of a low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC) by a factor of 1.50 at 400 degrees C. The enhanced performance can be attributed to an increased oxide ion incorporation rate on the surface of the modified electrolyte.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nl901724j
View details for Web of Science ID 000270670500043
View details for PubMedID 19824708
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Atomic Layer Deposition of Lead Sulfide Thin Films for Quantum Confinement
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
2009; 21 (17): 3973-3978
View details for DOI 10.1021/cm901228x
View details for Web of Science ID 000269485300008
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Intermediate-Temperature Ceramic Fuel Cells with Thin Film Yttrium-Doped Barium Zirconate Electrolytes
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
2009; 21 (14): 3290-3296
View details for DOI 10.1021/cm900820p
View details for Web of Science ID 000268174400038
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A Computational Comparison of Electron Transfer from Reduced Ferredoxin to Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide and a Gold Electrode
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
2009; 113 (20): 7298-7307
Abstract
We have carried out calculations of the electronic structure of ferredoxin and of the electronic coupling matrix element Hif for electron transfer from reduced ferredoxin to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and to cluster models of the Au111 surface and a Au111 surface with a mercaptopyridene self-assembled monolayer (SAM). We conclude, based on Hif2, that a gold electrode is approximately 14 times less efficient as an electron acceptor than FAD and that the mercaptopyridine SAM enhances electron transfer. The magnitude of Hif is large enough for these systems that the weak coupling limit approximations may no longer be valid. However, the barrier to electron transfer in the strong coupling limit is computed to be small due to minimal geometry change between oxidized and reduced ferredoxin. MD simulations of the interaction of ferredoxin and protonated pyridine within a water solvation box indicate that the protonated pyridine does strongly orient the ferredoxin, favoring electron transfer as compared to a bare gold surface, where we speculate the orientation of the ferredoxin may be more random.
View details for DOI 10.1021/jp8051104
View details for Web of Science ID 000266093700034
View details for PubMedID 19397305
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ENERGY TRANSFER BETWEEN QUANTUM DOTS OF DIFFERENT SIZES FOR QUANTUM DOT SOLAR CELLS
34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference
IEEE. 2009: 2137–2141
View details for Web of Science ID 000280345900456
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Metal Alloy Catalysts with Pt Surface Coating by Atomic Layer Deposition for Intermediate Temperature Ceramic Fuel Cells
5th Symposium on Atomic Layer Deposition held as part of the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS)
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC. 2009: 323–32
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3205067
View details for Web of Science ID 000337731900031
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Synthesis of Microscale Lead Sulfide Disks by Patterned Self-Assembled Monolayer
5th Symposium on Atomic Layer Deposition held as part of the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS)
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC. 2009: 3–8
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3205037
View details for Web of Science ID 000337731900001
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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Atomic Layer Deposited Platinum Catalyst
11th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC. 2009: 855–58
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3205604
View details for Web of Science ID 000337724700103
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Geometric Effects at Triple Phase Boundary in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
11th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC. 2009: 917–24
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3205612
View details for Web of Science ID 000337724700111
- Electrochemical Deposition of Metallic Nanowires as a Scanning Probe Tip ECS Trans. 2009; 16: 3-12
- Geometric Effects of Triple Phase Boundary in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ECS Trans. 2009; 25: 917-924
- Synthesis of Microscale Lead Sulfide Disks by Patterned Self-Assembled Monolayer ECS Trans. 2009; 25: 3-8
- Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Atomic Layer Deposited Platinum Catalyst ECS Trans. 2009; 25: 855-858
- Design of heterogeneous catalysts and the application to the oxygen reduction reaction Thin Film Metal-Oxides: Fundamentals and Applications, Springer 2009
- Improving PEM fuel cell catalyst activity and durability using nitrogen-doped carbon supports: observations from model Pt/HOPG systems J. Mater. Chem. 2009; 19: 7830
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ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION OF PbS-ZnS QUANTUM WELLS FOR HIGH-EFFICIENCY SOLAR CELLS
34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference
IEEE. 2009: 2299–2303
View details for Web of Science ID 000280345900490
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SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY OF QUANTUM CONFINEMENT EFFECTS IN LEAD SULFIDE THIN FILMS
34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference
IEEE. 2009: 1257–1259
View details for Web of Science ID 000280345900274
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Characteristics of Oxygen Reduction on Nanocrystalline YSZ
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2009; 156 (3): B392-B396
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3058597
View details for Web of Science ID 000265837900031
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Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2009; 156 (12): B1406-B1416
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3232209
View details for Web of Science ID 000271218900019
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Electrochemical Deposition of Metallic Nanowires as a Scanning Probe Tip
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2009; 156 (10): D431-D438
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3187215
View details for Web of Science ID 000270133400050
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Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition Using Self-Assembled Monolayer and Scanning Probe Lithography
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2009; 156 (9): G125-G128
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.3158593
View details for Web of Science ID 000268405400043
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An Image-Based Localization Algorithm for Catheter Navigation in the Left Atrium
11th International Symposium on Experimental Robotics (ISER)
SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN. 2009: 251–260
View details for Web of Science ID 000268803300024
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Atomic layer deposition of LSM cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells
16th International Conference on Solid State Ionics
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2008: 1540–44
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ssi.2007.12.100
View details for Web of Science ID 000259276200058
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Open micro-fluidic system for atomic force microscopy-guided in situ electrochemical probing of a single cell
LAB ON A CHIP
2008; 8 (9): 1460-1467
Abstract
Ultra-sharp nano-probes and customized atomic force microscopy (AFM) have previously been developed in our laboratory for in situ sub-cellular probing of electrochemical phenomena in living plant cells during their photosynthesis. However, this AFM-based electrochemical probing still has numerous engineering challenges such as immobilization of the live cells, compatibility of the immobilization procedure with AFM manipulation of the probe, maintenance of biological activity of the cells for an extended time while performing the measurements, and minimization of electrochemical noise. Thus, we have developed an open micro-fluidic channel system (OMFC) in which individual cells can be immobilized in micro-traps by capillary flow. This system affords easy AFM access and allows for maintenance of the cells in a well-defined chemical environment, which sustains their biological activity. The use of micro-channels for making the electrochemical measurements significantly reduces parasitic electrical capacitances and allows for current detection in the sub-pico-ampere range at high signal bandwidths. The OMFC was further studied using simulation packages for optimal design conditions. This system was successfully used to measure light-dependent oxidation currents of a few pico-amperes from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
View details for DOI 10.1039/b803450h
View details for Web of Science ID 000259676000007
View details for PubMedID 18818800
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Solid oxide fuel cell with corrugated thin film electrolyte
NANO LETTERS
2008; 8 (8): 2289-2292
Abstract
A low temperature micro solid oxide fuel cell with corrugated electrolyte membrane was developed and tested. To increase the electrochemically active surface area, yttria-stabilized zirconia membranes with thickness of 70 nm were deposited onto prepatterned silicon substrates. Fuel cell performance of the corrugated electrolyte membranes released from silicon substrate showed an increase of power density relative to membranes with planar electrolytes. Maximum power densities of the corrugated fuel cells of 677 mW/cm2 and 861 mW/cm2 were obtained at 400 and 450 degrees C, respectively.
View details for DOI 10.1021/nl800977z
View details for Web of Science ID 000258440700030
View details for PubMedID 18605702
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Application of atomic layer deposition of platinum to solid oxide fuel cells
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
2008; 20 (12): 3897-3905
View details for DOI 10.1021/cm7033189
View details for Web of Science ID 000256854800020
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Proton conduction in thin film yttrium-doped barium zirconate
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
2008; 92 (25)
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2947584
View details for Web of Science ID 000257231200066
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Nanoscale probe system for cell-organelle analysis
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
2008; 130 (1): 249-257
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.snb.2007.07.143
View details for Web of Science ID 000254681900037
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3D Microfluidic Approach to Mechanical Stimulation of Osteocyte Processes
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOENGINEERING
2008; 1 (1): 103-107
View details for DOI 10.1007/s12195-008-0010-1
View details for Web of Science ID 000269821600014
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A resolution study for electrostatic force microscopy on bimetallic samples using the boundary element method
NANOTECHNOLOGY
2008; 19 (3)
Abstract
Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) is a special design of non-contact atomic force microscopy used for detecting electrostatic interactions between the probe tip and the sample. Its resolution is limited by the finite probe size and the long-range characteristics of electrostatic forces. Therefore, quantitative analysis is crucial to understanding the relationship between the actual local surface potential distribution and the quantities obtained from EFM measurements. To study EFM measurements on bimetallic samples with surface potential inhomogeneities as a special case, we have simulated such measurements using the boundary element method and calculated the force component and force gradient component that would be measured by amplitude modulation (AM) EFM and frequency modulation (FM) EFM, respectively. Such analyses have been performed for inhomogeneities of various shapes and sizes, for different tip-sample separations and tip geometries, for different applied voltages, and for different media (e.g., vacuum or water) in which the experiment is performed. For a sample with a surface potential discontinuity, the FM-EFM resolution expression agrees with the literature; however, the simulation for AM-EFM suggests the existence of an optimal tip radius of curvature in terms of resolution. On the other hand, for samples with strip- and disk-shaped surface potential inhomogeneities, we have obtained quantitative expressions for the detectability size requirements as a function of experimental conditions for both AM- and FM-EFMs, which suggest that a larger tip radius of curvature is moderately favored for detecting the presence of such inhomogeneities.
View details for DOI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/03/035710
View details for PubMedID 21817595
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Thermal stabilities of nanoporous metallic electrodes at elevated temperatures
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
2008; 175 (1): 75-81
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.09.066
View details for Web of Science ID 000252513100009
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Oxidative Removal of Self-Assembled Monolayers for Selective Atomic Layer Deposition
4th Symposium on Atomic Layer Deposition Applications held at the 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC. 2008: 173–79
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.2979992
View details for Web of Science ID 000272018400018
- Characteristics of Oxygen Reduction on Nanocrystalline YSZ ECS Trans. 2008; 13: 97-104
- In-Plane Conductivities of Atomic Layer Deposited Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Electrolytes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ECS Trans. 2008; 16: 157-164
- Fabrication and Characterization of Lead Sulfide Thin Films by Atomic Layer Deposition" ECS Trans. 2008; 16: 29-36
- Atomic Layer Deposition of Mixed Conducting Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Solid State Ion. 2008; 179: 1540-1544
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Pt-Ru Alloys Deposited by Sputtering as Catalysts for Methanol Oxidation
8th Symposium on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC. 2008: 605–12
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.2981895
View details for Web of Science ID 000271859300058
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Reversible oxidation of spinach ferredoxin at surface-modified electrodes
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2008; 155 (10): B1008-B1012
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.2962768
View details for Web of Science ID 000258976500020
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Fabrication and Characterization of Lead Sulfide Thin Films by Atomic Layer Deposition
4th Symposium on Atomic Layer Deposition Applications held at the 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC. 2008: 29–36
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.2979978
View details for Web of Science ID 000272018400004
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INCREASED CATHODIC KINETICS IN IT-SOFCs BY INSERTING HIGHLY-CONDUCTIVE NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS
6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology
AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. 2008: 55–60
View details for Web of Science ID 000262710700009
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Opportunities of ALD for Thin Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
4th Symposium on Atomic Layer Deposition Applications held at the 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC. 2008: 15–18
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.2979976
View details for Web of Science ID 000272018400002
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Biodegradable micro-osmotic pump for long-term and controlled release of basic fibroblast growth factor
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
2007; 124 (1-2): 98-105
Abstract
Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology not only provides the possibility of integration of multiple functions but also enables more precise control of dosing of therapeutic agents when the therapeutic window is very limited. Local delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) over a specific dose and time course is critical for mesenchymal tissue regeneration. However, bFGF is degraded quickly in vivo and difficulty of controlling the dose level impedes its effective use in angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. We constructed biodegradable micro-osmotic pumps based on MEMS technology for long-term controlled release of bFGF. The devices were constructed by micro-molding and thermal assembly of 85/15 poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) sheets. The release of bFGF was regulated at 40 ng/day for four weeks; bioactivity was assessed by monitoring the growth of 3T3 fibroblasts. The proposed devices can be further miniaturized and used for the delivery of multiple therapeutic agents at the individual releasing schedules.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.08.024
View details for PubMedID 17904240
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Fabrication of multi-layered biodegradable drug delivery device based on micro-structuring of PLGA polymers
BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES
2007; 9 (6): 845-853
Abstract
A programmable and biodegradable drug delivery device is desirable when a drug needs to be administered locally. While most local drug delivery devices made of biodegradable polymers relied on the degradation of the polymers, the degradation-based release control is often limited by the property of the polymers. Thus, we propose micro-geometry as an alternative measure of controlling drug release. The proposed devices consist of three functional layers: diffusion control layer via micro-orifices, diffusion layer, and drug reservoir layers. A micro-fabrication technology was used to shape an array of micro-orifices and micro-cavities in 85/15PLGA layers. A thin layer of fast degrading 50/50PLGA was placed as the diffusion layer between the 85/15PLGA layers to prevent any burst-type release. To modulate the release of the devices, the dimension and location of the micro-orifices were varied and the responding in vitro release response of tetracycline was monitored over 2 weeks. The release response to the different micro-geometry was prominent and further analyzed by FEM simulation. Comparison of the experiments to the simulated results identified that the variation of micro-geometry influenced also the volume-dependent degradation rate and induced the osmotic pressure.
View details for DOI 10.1007/s10544-007-9097-8
View details for Web of Science ID 000250462200009
View details for PubMedID 17577671
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High temperature O-17 MAS NMR study scandia and yttria stabilized of calcia, magnesia, zirconia
SOLID STATE IONICS
2007; 178 (27-28): 1499-1506
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ssi.2007.01).008
View details for Web of Science ID 000251694300003
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Atomic layer deposition and chemical vapor deposition precursor selection method application to strontium and barium precursors
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
2007; 111 (33): 8147-8151
Abstract
A new selection method for atomic layer deposition (ALD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) precursors is proposed and tested. Density functional theory was used to simulate Sr and Ba precursors, and several precursors were selected and used to grow films via ALD as test cases for the precursor selection method. The precursors studied were M(x)2 (M = Sr, Ba; x = tetramethylheptanedionate (tmhd), acetylacetonate (acac), hexafluoroacetylacetonate (hfac), cyclopentadienyl (H(5)C(5)), pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Me(5)C(5)), n-propyltetramethylcyclopentadienyl (PrMe(4)C(5)), tris(isopropylcyclopentadienyl) (Pr(3)(i)H(2)C(5)), tris(isopropylcyclopentadienyl)(THF) (Pr(3)(i)H(2)C(5))(OC(4)H(8)), tris(isopropylcyclopentadienyl)(THF)2 (Pr(3)(i)H(2)C(5))(OC(4)H(8))2, tris(tert-butylcyclopentadienyl) (Bu(3)(t)H(2)C(5)), tris(tert-butylcyclopentadienyl)(THF) (Bu(3)(t)H(2)C(5))(OC(4)H(8)), heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedionate (fod)). The energy required to break bonds between the metal atom and the ligands was calculated to find which precursors react most readily. In the case of tmhd and Cp precursors, the energy required to break bonds in the precursor ligand was studied to evaluate the most likely mechanism of carbon incorporation into the film. Trends for Ba and Sr followed each other closely, reflecting the similar chemistry among alkaline earth metals. The diketonate precursors have stronger bonds to the metals than the Cp precursors, but weaker bonds within the ligand, explaining the carbon contamination found in experimentally grown films. Atomic layer deposition of SrO was tested with Sr(tmhd)2 and Sr(PrMe(4)Cp)2 and oxygen, ozone, and water as oxygen sources. No deposition was measured with tmhd precursors, and SrO films were deposited with PrMe(4)Cp with a source temperature of 200 degrees C and at substrate temperatures between 250 and 350 degrees C with growth rates increasing for oxygen sources in this order: O2 < H2O < O2 + H2O. The experimental results support the predictions based upon calculations: PrMe(4)Cp and Me(5)Cp precursors are expected to be the best precursors among those studied for Ba and Sr film growth.
View details for DOI 10.1021/jp0625681
View details for Web of Science ID 000248758800014
View details for PubMedID 17655282
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COMP 73-Conversion of a plant chloroplast to a biological fuel cell: 1. Comparison of electron transfer from reduced ferredoxin to FAD and a gold electrode
AMER CHEMICAL SOC. 2007
View details for Web of Science ID 000207593906493
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FUEL 192-Conversion of a plant chloroplast to a biological fuel cell
AMER CHEMICAL SOC. 2007
View details for Web of Science ID 000207593903638
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Atomic layer deposition of yttria-stabilized zirconia for solid oxide fuel cells
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
2007; 19 (15): 3850-3854
View details for DOI 10.1021/cm070913t
View details for Web of Science ID 000248073300044
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Engineering model of a passive planar air breathing fuel cell cathode
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
2007; 167 (1): 118-129
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.01.073
View details for Web of Science ID 000246256300019
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The construction of three-dimensional micro-fluidic scaffolds of biodegradable polymers by solvent vapor based bonding of micro-molded layers
BIOMATERIALS
2007; 28 (6): 1174-1184
Abstract
It is increasingly important to control cell growth into and within artificial scaffolds. Tissues such as skin, blood vessels, and cartilage have multi-layer structures with different cells in each layer. With the aid of micro-fabrication technology, a novel scaffolding method for biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), and the copolymers poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA), was developed to construct three-dimensional multi-layer micro-fluidic tissue scaffolds. The method emphasizes micro-fluidic interconnections between layers within the scaffolds and maintenance of high-resolution geometries during the bonding process for the creation of multi-layered scaffolds. Micro-holes (10-100 microm), micro-channels, and micro-cavities were all created by micro-molding. Solvent-vapor based bonding of micro-molded layers preserved 20 microm sized structures. Sample scaffolds were constructed for purposes such as channel-directed cell growth and size-based cell sorting. Further extension of these techniques to create a micro-vascular network within or between layers is possible. Culturing of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) on the sample scaffolds demonstrated the biocompatibility of the developed process and the strong influence of high-resolution micro-geometries on HCAEC growth.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.11.002
View details for Web of Science ID 000243219000028
View details for PubMedID 17126395
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Electrochemical impedance analysis of solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte using kinetic Monte Carlo technique
SOLID STATE IONICS
2007; 178 (3-4): 195-205
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ssi.2006.12.016
View details for Web of Science ID 000245616100005
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High-performance ultrathin solid oxide fuel cells for low-temperature operation
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2007; 154 (1): B20-B24
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.2372592
View details for Web of Science ID 000242538600013
- Active Water Management for PEM Fuel Cells Journal of Electrochemical Society 2007; B1049: 154
- Oxygen Reduction Characteristics on Ag, Pt, and Ag-Pt Alloys in Low-Temperature SOFCs ECS Transactions 2007; 3
- High Surface Area Density Nano Thin Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 2007
- Transient behaviour of magnetic micro-bead chains rotating in a fluid by external fields Lab Chip 2007; 7: 1746-1751
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Measurement of temperature and reaction species in the cathode diffusion layer of a free-convection fuel cell
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2007; 154 (9): B910-B918
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.2752971
View details for Web of Science ID 000248984600013
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A CAD integration framework for designing devices with atomic scale resolution
Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology and Standards for Nanomanufacturing
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2007
View details for DOI 10.1117/12.735450
View details for Web of Science ID 000250953500015
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AFM/EC nano probing of single cells and organelles
6th IEEE Sensors Conference
IEEE. 2007: 699–702
View details for Web of Science ID 000254563600177
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Ionic conduction in nanoscale films of yttrium-doped barium zirconate
Symposium on Solid-State Ionics held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting
MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY. 2007: 63–67
View details for Web of Science ID 000246435400008
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Microfabrication technology of biodegradable polymers for interconnecting microstructures
JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
2006; 15 (6): 1457-1465
View details for DOI 10.1109/JMEMS.2006.883566
View details for Web of Science ID 000242983300005
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Water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cells using integrated electroosmotic pumping
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
2006; 161 (1): 191-202
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.03.021
View details for Web of Science ID 000241412000026
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Electrochemical impedance investigation of flooding in micro-flow channels for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
2006; 161 (1): 138-142
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.04.123
View details for Web of Science ID 000241412000021
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The role of ambient conditions on the performance of a planar, air-breathing hydrogen PEM fuel cell
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
2006; 161 (1): 168-182
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.03.054
View details for Web of Science ID 000241412000024
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High ionic conductivity in ultrathin nanocrystalline gadolinia-doped ceria films
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
2006; 89 (14)
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2358851
View details for Web of Science ID 000241056900097
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Geometric artefact suppressed surface potential measurements
NANOTECHNOLOGY
2006; 17 (15): 3728-3733
View details for DOI 10.1088/0957-4484/17/15/019
View details for Web of Science ID 000239693600019
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Nanoscale electrochemical probes for single cell analysis
31st International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Engineering
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2006: 1638–41
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.mee.2006.01.262
View details for Web of Science ID 000237581900246
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Thin-film solid oxide fuel cells on porous nickel substrates with multistage nanohole array
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2006; 153 (3): A554-A559
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.2164769
View details for Web of Science ID 000235136600017
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Ion irradiation effects on yttria-stabilized zirconia conductivity
Symposium on the Hydrogen Cycle held at the 2005 MRS Fall Meeting
MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY. 2006: 103–109
View details for Web of Science ID 000239520400013
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Direct water removal in gas diffusion layer of porton exchnage membrane fuel cells by a flexible electroosmotic pump
4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology
AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. 2006: 1169–1171
View details for Web of Science ID 000249884000138
- Making Photovoltaic Power Competitive with Grid Power 2006
- Water Removal from Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells via Electroosmotic Pumping ECS Trans. 2006; 6 (1): 439
- Micro-structured Biodegradable Polymers Embedded with Cells and Drugs for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery 2006
- Water Management at the Cathode of a Planar Air-Breathing Fuel Cell with an Electroosmotic Pump ECS Trans. 2006; 3 (1): 949
- MEMS Fabrication and Performances of Nano-Thin Solid Oxide Fuel Cell 208th ECS Meeting 2006
- Interconnected Biodegradable Polymers in Sub-Micron Precision Transaction of the 31st annual meeting of the society for biomaterials,Pittsburgh 2006; 29
- 3D Multi-layered Micro-fabricated Tissue Scaffolds of Biodegradable Polymers Transaction of the 31st annual meeting of the society for biomaterials,Pittsburgh 2006; 29
- Proton Transport Membranes for Fuel Cells: Polymeric versus Dense Ceramic" ECS Trans. 2006; 3 (1): 1059
- Fuel Cells for Intermediate Temperature Operation J. Korean Ceram. Soc. 2006; 43 (12): 751
- Combined Heat and Mass Transfer Model of a Passive Air Breathing Fuel Cell Cathode ECS Trans. 2006; 1 (3): 1125
- Biodegradable Micro-Fluidic Sheet-Devices for Programmed Drug Release Transactions of the 33rd annual meeting and exposition of the controlled release society, Vienna, Austria 2006
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Nanofabrication of electrochemical planar probes for single cell analysis
Conference on Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology XI
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2006
View details for DOI 10.1117/12.648950
View details for Web of Science ID 000237146500002
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A microfabricated direct methanol fuel cell with integrated electroosmotic pump
19th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2006)
IEEE. 2006: 938–941
View details for Web of Science ID 000236994500235
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Thin-film SOFCs using gastight YSZ thin films on nanoporous substrates
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2006; 153 (2): A431-A436
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.2147318
View details for Web of Science ID 000234543400034
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Finding narrow passages with Probabilistic Roadmaps: The small-step retraction method
AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS
2005; 19 (3): 301-319
View details for Web of Science ID 000234113600006
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Predicting ionic conductivity of solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte from first principles
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
2005; 98 (10)
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.2135889
View details for Web of Science ID 000233602600023
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Cantilever tip probe arrays for simultaneous SECM and AFM analysis
10th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. 2005: 964–72
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.snb.2004.10.058
View details for Web of Science ID 000230330300158
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Rapid prototyping methods of silicon carbide micro heat exchangers
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE
2005; 219 (7): 525-538
View details for DOI 10.1243/095440505X32463
View details for Web of Science ID 000231697100004
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Capacitive sensor for active tip clearance control in a palm-sized gas turbine generator
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
2005; 54 (3): 1133-1143
View details for DOI 10.1109/TIM.2005.847233
View details for Web of Science ID 000229250800023
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Gas-tight alumina films on nanoporous substrates through oxidation of sputtered metal films
THIN SOLID FILMS
2005; 476 (1): 168-173
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.09.059
View details for Web of Science ID 000227509100025
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Design and tuning of a vacuum microplasma spray system: Particle entrainment
Symposium on Surface Engineering in Materials Science III held at the 2005 TMS Annual Meeting
MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC. 2005: 267–282
View details for Web of Science ID 000228243600027
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Active water management for proton exchange membrane fuel cells using an integrated electroosmotic pump
ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition
AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. 2005: 243–247
View details for Web of Science ID 000243098600027
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Damage in yttria-stabilized zirconia by Xe irradiation measured by X-ray diffraction
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
2005; 227 (4): 577-583
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.10.009
View details for Web of Science ID 000226213800014
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The triple phase boundary - A mathematical model and experimental investigations for fuel cells
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2005; 152 (2): A439-A444
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.1851054
View details for Web of Science ID 000227142400026
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A microfabricated intravascular ultrasound scanner for intravascular interventions
Conference on MOEMS Display and Imaging Systems III
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2005: 115–118
View details for DOI 10.1117/12.597160
View details for Web of Science ID 000228764100015
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The influence of size scale on the performance of fuel cells
14th International Conference on Solid State Ionics
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2004: 789–95
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ssi.2004.09.061
View details for Web of Science ID 000225990500161
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Electrochemical nanopatterning of Ag on solid-state ionic conductor RbAg4I5 using atomic force microscopy
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
2004; 85 (16): 3552-3554
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.1807964
View details for Web of Science ID 000224658100071
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Quantitative impedance measurement using atomic force microscopy
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
2004; 96 (6): 3540-3549
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.1778217
View details for Web of Science ID 000223720000082
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LayTracks: a new approach to automated geometry adaptive quadrilateral mesh generation using medial axis transform
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING
2004; 61 (2): 209-237
View details for DOI 10.1002/nme.1063
View details for Web of Science ID 000223778000003
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The scaling behavior of flow patterns: a model investigation
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
2004; 134 (1): 57-71
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.03.036
View details for Web of Science ID 000222559300008
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Analytical and experimental study on noncontact sensing with embedded fiber-optic sensors in rotating metal parts
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
2004; 22 (7): 1720-1727
View details for DOI 10.1109/JLT.2004.829231
View details for Web of Science ID 000222708600010
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Ionic and electronic impedance imaging using atomic force microscopy
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
2004; 95 (12): 8382-8392
View details for DOI 10.1063/1.1737047
View details for Web of Science ID 000221843400125
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RP of Si3N4 burner arrays via assembly mould SDM
RAPID PROTOTYPING JOURNAL
2004; 10 (4): 239-246
View details for DOI 10.1108/13552540410551360
View details for Web of Science ID 000223628300004
- Scaling Effect in Micro Fuel Cell Solid State Ionics 2004; 175: 789-795
- AC Impedance Investigation of Transport Phenomena in Micro Flow Channels in Fuel Cells 2004
- Ultra-sharp High-aspect-ratio Probe Array for SECM and AFM Analysis. 2004
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Fabrication of an electrochemical tip-probe system embedded in SiNx-cantilevers for simultaneous SECM and AFM analysis
Conference on Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology IX
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2004: 53–64
View details for Web of Science ID 000189447200008
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Ion irradiation effects in solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes
Symposium on Materials and Technology for Hydrogen Economy held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting
MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY. 2004: 225–229
View details for Web of Science ID 000189496100028
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Geometric scale effect of flow channels on performance of fuel cells
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2004; 151 (11): A1856-A1864
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.1799471
View details for Web of Science ID 000224927900015
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The Air/Platinum/Nafion triple-phase boundary: Characteristics, scaling, and implications for fuel cells
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2004; 151 (5): A756-A762
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.1701868
View details for Web of Science ID 000221436900015
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Development of portable fuel cell arrays with printed-circuit technology
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
2003; 124 (2): 459-472
View details for DOI 10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00802-4
View details for Web of Science ID 000187023700011
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Lead-time reduction through flexible routing: application to Shape Deposition Manufacturing
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH
2003; 41 (13): 2957-2973
View details for DOI 10.1080/0020754021000032040
View details for Web of Science ID 000184005800004
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Metal embedded Fiber Bragg Grating sensors in layered manufacturing
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
2003; 125 (3): 577-585
View details for DOI 10.1115/1.1581889
View details for Web of Science ID 000184637800021
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Lateral ionic conduction in planar array fuel cells
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
2003; 150 (4): A430-A438
View details for DOI 10.1149/1.1554912
View details for Web of Science ID 000181515100005
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Medial axis transform assists path planning in configuration spaces with narrow passages
International Workshop on Robot Sensing
IEEE. 2003: 85–93
View details for Web of Science ID 000222969800016
- Micro-Scale Radial-Flow Compressor Impeller Made of Silicon Nitride: Manufacturing and Performance 2003
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Investigation of transport phenomena in micro flow channels for miniature fuel cells
1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology
AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. 2003: 143–148
View details for Web of Science ID 000222632800017
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A pencil probe system for electrochemical analysis and modification in nanometer dimensions
Conference on Smart Sensors, Actuators, and MEMS
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2003: 128–135
View details for Web of Science ID 000184053200016
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High-density multi-layer connection technology for MEMS and CMOS applications
Conference on Smart Sensors, Actuators, and MEMS
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2003: 536–542
View details for Web of Science ID 000184053200061
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Electrical properties of YSZ thin films deposited on nanoporous substrates
8th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC. 2003: 169–80
View details for Web of Science ID 000186761000021
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Design and fabrication of a micro fuel cell array with "flip-flop" interconnection
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
2002; 112 (2): 410-418
View details for Web of Science ID 000179344600008
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Processing and microstructures of fiber Bragg grating sensors embedded in stainless steel
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
2002; 33 (9): 3019-3024
View details for Web of Science ID 000178129700025
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Rapid prototyping and manufacturing by gelcasting of metallic and ceramic slurries
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
2002; 334 (1-2): 187-192
View details for Web of Science ID 000177236000027
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A sharp peak in the performance of sputtered platinum fuel cells at ultra-low platinum loading
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
2002; 109 (2): 483-493
View details for Web of Science ID 000176753400033
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Capacitive blade tip clearance measurements for a micro gas turbine
19th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC/2002)
IEEE. 2002: 1011–1015
View details for Web of Science ID 000178011900174
- Fabrication of ceramic components for micro gas turbine engines 2002
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Thermal stresses and deposition patterns in layered manufacturing
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
2001; 317 (1-2): 59-64
View details for Web of Science ID 000171269400011
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Thermal behavior of a metal embedded fiber Bragg grating sensor
SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
2001; 10 (4): 575-579
View details for Web of Science ID 000171079400001
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Medial Axis Transform (MAT) of general 2D shapes and 3D polyhedra for engineering applications
IFIP TC5/WG5 2 6th International Workshop on Geometric Modelling
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS. 2001: 37–52
View details for Web of Science ID 000173444800003
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Conceptual data model for advanced rapid prototyping
10th International Conference on Precision Engineering (ICPE)
SPRINGER. 2001: 122–126
View details for Web of Science ID 000174008900023
- A novel miniaturized sensor for carbon dioxide dissolved in liquids Journal of Sensors and Actuators B 2001; 3987: 1-7
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Scalable rotary actuators with embedded Shape Memory Alloys
Smart Structures and Materials 2001 Conference
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2001: 79–87
View details for Web of Science ID 000172441200008
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Skeletons for representation and reasoning in engineering applications
ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS
2001; 17 (2): 186-198
View details for Web of Science ID 000170149900007
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Part strength improvement in polymer shape deposition manufacturing
RAPID PROTOTYPING JOURNAL
2001; 7 (3): 130-137
View details for Web of Science ID 000169955500002
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Miniature fuel cells with non-planar interface by microfabrication
Symposium on Power Sources for the New Millennium
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC. 2001: 67–76
View details for Web of Science ID 000186891500007
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Does integrated-circuit fabrication show the path for the future of mechanical manufacturing?
MRS BULLETIN
2000; 25 (10): 32-35
View details for Web of Science ID 000089960600018
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Mechanical and thermal expansion behavior of laser deposited metal matrix composites of Invar and TiC
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
2000; 282 (1-2): 86-90
View details for Web of Science ID 000085966600012
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Electro-discharge machining of mesoscopic parts with electroplated copper and hot-pressed silver tungsten electrodes
JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING
2000; 10 (1): 1-6
View details for Web of Science ID 000087206400001
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Shape Deposition Manufacturing of smart metallic structures with embedded sensors
Smart Structures and Materials 2000 Conference
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. 2000: 160–171
View details for Web of Science ID 000088899600019
- Application of the Mold SDM process to the fabrication of ceramic parts for a micro gas turbine engine. edited by Heinrich, J., G. 2000
- Mesoscopic Assemblies with SDM Processing 2000
- Fabrication of ceramic parts for a miniature jet engine application using Mold SDM. In: Innovative Processing and Synthesis of Ceramics, Glasses and Composites III Ceramic Transactions. 2000: 389–398
- Fabrication of Turbine-Compressor-Shaft Assembly for Micro Gas Turbine Engine Master thesis, December 2000
- A novel miniaturized sensor for carbon dioxide dissolved in liquids 2000
- High Power-Density Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells by Microfabrication. In: Micro Power Sources edited by Zaghib, K., Surampudi, S. 2000
- mMold Shape Deposition Manufacturing 2000
- Micromachined Semiconductor Flow Sensor 2000
- Thermal analysis of new silicon-based substrates 2000
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Rapid prototyping of mesoscopic devices
3rd International Micro Materials Conference
DDP GOLDENBOGEN SIGURD GOLDENBOGEN. 2000: 1073–1078
View details for Web of Science ID 000168584000238
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Compact graph representation for Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF)
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
2000; 19 (5): 341-354
View details for Web of Science ID 000168423900006
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mu-Mold Shape Deposition Manufacturing of ceramic parts
Symposium on Solid Freeform and Additive Fabrication
MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY. 2000: 187–192
View details for Web of Science ID 000168248000025
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Automated fabrication of complex molded parts using mold shape deposition manufacturing
MATERIALS & DESIGN
1999; 20 (2-3): 83-89
View details for Web of Science ID 000080437300004
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Automated layer decomposition for additive/subtractive Solid Freeform Fabrication
10th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium (SFF)
UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN. 1999: 111–119
View details for Web of Science ID 000088256800013
- Mikrostrukturierung von Funktions- und Strukturwerkstoffen mittels plasmageätzten Siliziums edited by Kempter, K., Hausselt, J. Werkstoffwoche 98, München. 1999
- Design and fabrication of materials for Laser Shape Deposition Manufacturing edited by Cohen et al., L., J. 1999
- Graph based process planning for Mold Shape Deposition Manufacturing 1999
- Novel Technologies for the Assembling of ASIC's and MEMS, Current Developments of Microelectronics, Seminar organized by the society for microelectronics in Bad Hofgastein, Salzburg 1999; 3 (45): 3-6
- Impact of axial and radial rotor offset on the measurtement error of a capacitive angular-position sensor with modofied front-end topology,Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference,IMTC/99. 1999
- The Mesicopter: A Meso-Scale Flight Vehicle NIAC Phase I Final Report 1999
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Additive/subtractive material processing for mesoscopic parts
10th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium (SFF)
UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN. 1999: 687–694
View details for Web of Science ID 000088256800080
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Automated planning for material shaping operations in additive/subtractive Solid Freeform Fabrication
10th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium (SFF)
UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN. 1999: 121–128
View details for Web of Science ID 000088256800014
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Residual stresses in layered manufacturing
10th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium (SFF)
UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN. 1999: 239–246
View details for Web of Science ID 000088256800027
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Reducing part: Deformation by inducing phase transformation
10th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium (SFF)
UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN. 1999: 727–734
View details for Web of Science ID 000088256800084
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Fabrication of high quality ceramic parts using mold SDM
10th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium (SFF)
UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN. 1999: 427–434
View details for Web of Science ID 000088256800049
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Expanding the design space through innovative design and manufacturing processes
3rd International Workshop on Cooperative Knowledge Processing for Engineering Problem Solving
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS. 1999: 373–406
View details for Web of Science ID 000079197700023
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Shape deposition manufacturing with microcasting: Processing, thermal and mechanical issues
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
1998; 120 (3): 656-665
View details for Web of Science ID 000075513300022
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Material strength in polymer shape deposition manufacturing
9th Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) Symposium
UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN. 1998: 567–574
View details for Web of Science ID 000082420400064
- INTEGRATED DESIGN AND RAPID MANUFACTURING OVER THE INTERNET 1998
- Medial axis transform (MAT) of general 2D shapes and 3D polyhedra for engineering applications 1998
- Vergleich und Optimierung der Ansteuerverfahren eines kapazitiven Winkel- und Winkelgeschwindigkeitssensors Master Thesis, Vienna University of Technology 1998
- TRADEWIND: A Prototype Internet Marketplace for Solid Free-form Fabrication ASME DETC/CIE Conference, Atlanta, GA 1998
- Mesicopter: A Meso-Scale Flight Vehicle for Atmospheric Sensing Phase1 Proposal 1998
- Silicon microtechnology for thermal sensors e&i 1998; 115: 391
- A measurement algorithm for capacitive speed encoder with a modified front-end topology , Instrumentation and Measurement IEEE Transactions on 1998; 47 (5): 1341 - 1345
- Material Strength in Polymer Shape Deposition Manufacturing Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, August 1998: 567-574
- Optimal motion planning for deposition in layered manufacturing 1998
- A robust capacitive angular speed sensor, Instrumentation and Measurement IEEE Transactions on 1998; 47 (1): 280 - 284
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Automated fabrication of complex molded parts using mold SDM
9th Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) Symposium
UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN. 1998: 721–728
View details for Web of Science ID 000082420400083
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Thin film thermo-mechanical sensors embedded in metallic structures
6th International Symposium on Trends and New Applications of Thin Films (TATF 98)
TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD. 1998: 201–204
View details for Web of Science ID 000076920300017
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Process planning and automation for additive-subtractive solid freeform fabrication
9th Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) Symposium
UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN. 1998: 247–257
View details for Web of Science ID 000082420400026
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Rapid tooling die cast inserts using shape deposition manufacturing
MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
1998; 13 (2): 263-274
View details for Web of Science ID 000073491100007
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Functional gradient metallic prototypes through shape deposition manufacturing
8th Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) Symposium
UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN. 1997: 521–528
View details for Web of Science ID 000082420200061
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Shape deposition manufacturing of heterogeneous structures
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
1997; 16 (4): 239-248
View details for Web of Science ID A1997XZ13000002
- The Compact Graph Format: An Interchange Standard for Solid Freeform Fabrication. NIST workshop on Rapid Prototyping, Maryland, NIST 1997
- Surface modification of platinum thin film electrodes towards a defined rouhgness and microporosity Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 1997; 426: 157-165
- Application of cylindrical electro-magnetrons for glow discharge deposition of amorpous carbon and amorphous carbon/germanium films 1997
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Layered manufacturing material issues for SDM of polymers and ceramics
8th Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) Symposium
UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN. 1997: 133–140
View details for Web of Science ID 000082420200015
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Box-skeletons of discrete solids
COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN
1996; 28 (6-7): 507-517
View details for Web of Science ID A1996UN96800008
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Reflections on a concurrent design methodology: A case study in wearable computer design
COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN
1996; 28 (5): 393-404
View details for Web of Science ID A1996UG37600008
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Rapid design and manufacture of wearable computers
COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM
1996; 39 (2): 63-70
View details for Web of Science ID A1996TT53600021
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Numerical and experimental investigation of interface bonding via substrate remelting of an impinging molten metal droplet
JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
1996; 118 (1): 164-172
View details for Web of Science ID A1996TZ96300022
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Laser deposition of metals for shape deposition manufacturing
7th Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) Symposium
UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN. 1996: 117–124
View details for Web of Science ID 000082420300015
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Shape Deposition Manufacturing of wearable computers
7th Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) Symposium
UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN. 1996: 31–38
View details for Web of Science ID 000082420300005
- Miniaturisierte, integrierte Biosensoren für Glucose- und Lactat - Monitoring. Multisensorikpraxis edited by Ahlers, H. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 1996: 1
- Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Interface Bonding Via Substrate Remelting of an Impinging Molten Metal Droplet ASME Journal of Heat Transfer 1996; 118 (1): 164-172
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Collision avoidance using asynchronous teams
IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation
IEEE. 1996: 1093–1100
View details for Web of Science ID A1996BF68P00172
- Entwicklung elektrochemischer Dünnschicht CO2-Sensoren, Grundlagen und Technologie elektronischer Bauelemente Fortbildungsseminar der Gesellschaft für Mikroelektronik in Großarl 1995: 7-10.
- Processing, Thermal and Mechanical Issues in Shape Deposition Manufacturing 1995
- CNC Cutter Path Generation in Shape Deposition Manufacturing 1995
- Miniaturized carbon dioxide sensors 1995
- Surface characterization of thin film platinum electrodes applied for biosensors by means of cyclic voltammetry and laser - SNMS. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 1995; 381: 143-152
- Two types of electrochemical thin-film pCO2-sensors for in vitro and in vivo applications. 1994
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ROBOT-ASSISTED SHAPE DEPOSITION MANUFACTURING
1994 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation
IEEE COMPUTER SOC. 1994: 2890–2895
View details for Web of Science ID A1994BA72M00428
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THERMAL MODELLING AND EXPERIMENTAL TESTING OF MD* SPRAY SHAPE DEPOSITION PROCESSES
10th International Heat Transfer Conference
INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS. 1994: 321–26
View details for Web of Science ID A1994BC13M00055
- Robot-Assisted Shape Deposition Manufacturing 1994
- Creating an Advanced Collaborative Open Resource Network 1994
- Miniaturized integrated biosensors. Technology and Health Care. 1994: 1: 215 - 218
- Thermal Modelling and Experimental Testing of MD* Spray Shape Deposition Processes 1994
- Shape Deposition Manufacturing 1994
- Electrochemical thin-film carbondioxide sensors on novel polymer membrane system for in vitro and in vivo applications. 1993
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THE ENGINEERING DESIGN RESEARCH-CENTER OF CARNEGIE-MELLON-UNIVERSITY
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
1993; 81 (1): 10-24
View details for Web of Science ID A1993KZ54500002
- Material Issues in Layered Forming 1993
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CONCURRENT DESIGN
APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
1992; 6 (3): 257-283
View details for Web of Science ID A1992JQ08300002
- Miniaturisierte Dünnschicht-Blutgassensoren für die in vivo und ex vivo Diagnostik. Biomedizinische Technik.Band 57; Ergänzungsband 1992: 1: 161 - 163
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NEXT GENERATION MANUFACTURING TASK PLANNER FOR ROBOTIC ARC-WELDING
ISA TRANSACTIONS
1992; 31 (2): 97-113
View details for Web of Science ID A1992HQ43700011
- Integrated miniaturized biosensors for clinical analyzers and in vivo applications. 1992
- Miniaturized multi-enzyme biosensors integrated with pH-Sensors on flexible polymer carriers for in vivo applications. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 1992: 7: 733 - 739.
- pH-sensors for in vivo applications. 1992
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OPTIMAL PATH PLACEMENT FOR KINEMATICALLY REDUNDANT MANIPULATORS
1991 INTERNATIONAL CONF ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION
I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS. 1991: 1234–1244
View details for Web of Science ID A1991BT14J00183
- Laser-SNMS depth profiling of thin film multilayers: study of a Pt-Ti biosensor for glucose detection. 1991
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THICKNESS EFFECTS MAY NOT DO WHAT YOU THINK THEY DO
ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
1988; 29 (6): 637-640
View details for Web of Science ID A1988N430000001
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LIFETIME PREDICTIONS FOR A CERAMIC CUTTING-TOOL MATERIAL AT HIGH-TEMPERATURES
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
1987; 22 (6): 2051-2057
View details for Web of Science ID A1987H820300025
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A PERTURBATION APPROACH TO ROBOT CALIBRATION
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH
1987; 6 (4): 47-59
View details for Web of Science ID A1987L656000004
- Implications of Electricity Liberalization for Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Fuel Cell Systems (FCSs): a Case Study of the United Kingdom Journal of Power Sources.
- The Mesicopter: A Meso-Scale Flight Vehicle NIAC Phase II Technical Proposal
- Near Net Shape Forming Of Advanced Structural Ceramic Devices
- Cantilever Tip-Probe Arrays for Simultaneous SECM and AFM Analysis Rapid Prototyping Laboratory
- Micro-scale Electrochemistry: Application to Fuel Cell
- Design Options for Achieving a Rapidly Variable Heat-to-Power Ratio in a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Fuel Cell System Journal of Power Sources.
- Design Considerations for Effective Control of an Afterburner Sub-System in a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Fuel Cell System (FCS) Journal of Power Sources.
- Modelling Results for the Thermal Management Sub-System of a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Fuel Cell Systems (FCS) Journal of Power Sources.
- Design, Construction, and Testing of a Fuel Cell Powered Scooter Journal of Power Sources.