School of Humanities and Sciences
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Hector Miguel Callejas
Lecturer
Current Research and Scholarly InterestsINDIGENIZING INDIANS:
RACE, CLASS, ETHNICITY, AND NATION IN EL SALVADOR
Indigenous movements produce and circulate discourses of Indigenous “ethnicities” and “nations” worldwide. This book examines how the discourses intersected with the racial and class status of “Indian” in El Salvador during the 2010s. It draws on fifteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in the capital city of San Salvador and the municipalities of Izalco and Nahuizalco in the western highlands (2019-2020). The book traces discourses and practices of Indigenous subject formation between state, Indigenous, international, and other actors during the national FMLN and Bukele governments. It shows how the actors created “Indigenous peoples” as a subject of governance that maintained Indian subordination within the national racialized class structure. In doing so, the book foregrounds the limits of ethnic and national discourses of Indigeneity for transforming the structural articulation of race and class in postcolonial and settler colonial contexts. It broadens scholarship on why Indigenous movements fail to decolonize states and societies.
During the 2010s, the Salvadoran Indigenous movement led state institutions to establish a national multicultural regime focused on Indigenous ethnodevelopment and poverty alleviation for “poor Indians” in the mestizo Salvadoran nation. An activist network created Indigenous ethnicity and nationhood and lobbied state authorities to reverse two historical processes maintaining Indian poverty—landlessness and political exclusion—to little effect. The state production of Náhuat Pipil people and culture for Indigenous heritage tourism development in Izalco and Nahuizalco expanded state power and reinforced racialized class relations among municipal community members.
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ACTIVISM IN CALIFORNIA
The Sacramento Valley of California is home to federally recognized California Indian tribes and a large migrant population from Latin America, including Indigenous migrants. Over the past decade, state institutions, non-profit organizations, tribal governments, and other actors have transformed "environmental justice" into an important discourse for policymaking and activism. Hector is interested in understanding how actors use the discourse and reshape the intersections of race, Indigeneity, and colonialism in the region. He has entered the field and begun preliminary fieldwork through his parents' participation as faith-based Latinx community leaders in the Sacramento Environmental Justice Coalition, a grassroots organization. Hector and his family have lived and worked in an "Environmental Justice community" as defined by Sacramento County's Office of Planning & Environmental Review. -
Albert Camarillo
Leon Sloss Jr. Memorial Professor, Emeritus
BioA member of the Stanford University History Department since 1975, Camarillo is widely regarded as one of the founding scholars of the field of Mexican American history and Chicano Studies. He was born and raised in the South Central Los Angeles community of Compton where he attended the Compton public schools before entering the University of California at Los Angeles as a freshman in 1966. He continued his education at UCLA in the Ph.D. program in U.S. History where he received his doctorate in 1975 and where his dissertation was nominated that year as one of the best Ph.D. theses in the nation in American history. Camarillo has published seven books and dozens of articles and essays dealing with the experiences of Mexican Americans and other racial and immigrant groups in American cities.
Camarillo’s newest book, America's Racial Borderhoods: Mexican Americans and the Changing Ethnic/Racial Landscapes of Cities, 1850-2000 will be published in spring 2016 by Oxford University Press. Two of his books, Chicanos in a Changing Society: From Mexican Pueblos to American Barrios (Harvard University Press, 1979, six printings; Southern Methodist University Press edition, March 2005) and Chicanos in California: A History of Mexican Americans (Boyd and Fraser, 1984, four printings) have been widely read. He is currently working on a book entitled Going Back to Compton: Reflections of a Native Son on Life in an Infamous American City, an autobiographical and historical account of Compton from the 1950s to 2010.
Over the course of his career, Camarillo has received many awards and fellowships. He is the only faculty member in the history of Stanford University to receive six of the highest and most prestigious awards for excellence in teaching, service to undergraduate education, and contributions to the University and its alumni association. At Stanford’s Commencement in 1988 and in 1994 respectively, he received the Lloyd W. Dinkelspiel Award for Outstanding Service to Undergraduate Education and the Walter J. Gores Award for Excellence in Teaching. In 1997, he was awarded the Bing Teaching Fellowship Award for Excellence and Innovation in Undergraduate Teaching. Camarillo was awarded the Miriam Roland Prize for Volunteer Service for 2005, an award that recognizes a Stanford Faculty member who “over and above their normal academic duties engage and involve students in integrating academic scholarship with significant volunteer service to society.” Most recently, he received the Richard W. Lyman Award from the Stanford Alumni Association in 2010 and the President’s Award for Excellence Through Diversity in 2011. Camarillo has also received various awards for research and writing including a National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship and a Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship; he was also a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences and at the Stanford Humanities Center.
Camarillo served as President of the Organization of American Historians for 2012-13, the nation’s largest membership association for historians of the U.S. He is also the past president to the American Historical Association-Pacific Coast Branch.
