Stanford University


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  • HyeRan Choo

    HyeRan Choo

    Clinical Associate Professor, Surgery - Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery

    BioDr. HyeRan Choo is a Clinical Associate Professor and Section Chief of Craniofacial Airway Orthodontics in the Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Stanford University School of Medicine. She also serves as the Director of the Stanford Orthodontic Airway Plate Treatment Program for Pierre Robin Sequence (SOAP for PRS) at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford and is a faculty fellow at the Stanford Mussallem Center for Biodesign.

    Dr. Choo earned her dental degrees from Seoul National University (combined Undergraduate and Graduate Dental Surgery program) and The University of Pennsylvania (Dental Medicine program). She completed her Post-graduate Orthodontic Residency and Master of Science degree at The University of Alabama in Birmingham. After a Craniofacial Fellowship at the National Institutes of Health / National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Dr. Choo served as Director of Craniofacial Orthodontics at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia / The University of Pennsylvania.

    In 2012, Dr. Choo relocated to the San Francisco Bay Area, where she became a craniofacial orthodontic provider for Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers in Oakland and Santa Clara. She joined the Stanford University faculty in 2016 as a part-time craniofacial orthodontist and clinical instructor and transitioned to a full-time position in 2019 as a craniofacial airway orthodontist and clinical assistant professor.

    Her clinical expertise includes surgical and non-surgical craniofacial and airway orthodontic treatments for neonates, infants, and children with craniofacial dysmorphism and/or orofacial dysfunctions. Dr. Choo's treatment philosophy centers on providing minimally invasive yet highly effective treatments, grounded in a deep understanding of craniofacial growth and function. Her SOAP for PRS program is the first in the nation to non-surgically treat neonates with PRS using OAP, which she fabricates based on her innovative method of analyzing maxillomandibular computed tomography.

  • Mehak Chopra

    Mehak Chopra

    Clinical Assistant Professor, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

    BioHer expertise lies in treating special populations such as athletes and students. She has also had training in dealing with cultural psychiatry issues. She has been trained to treat students with a variety of mental health issues – ADHD, Bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, eating disorders, insomnia, mood disorder and personality disorders.

  • Danny Hung-Chieh Chou

    Danny Hung-Chieh Chou

    Associate Professor of Pediatrics (Endocrinology) and, by courtesy, of Chemical and Systems Biology

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsOur research program integrates concepts of chemical biology, protein engineering and structure biology to design new therapeutic leads and generate probes to study biological processes. A key focus of our lab is insulin, an essential hormone in our body to reduce blood glucose levels. We generate synthetic libraries of insulin analogs to select for chemical probes, and investigate natural insulin molecules (e.g. from the venom of fish-hunting cone snails!) to develop novel therapeutic candidates. We are especially interested in using chemical and enzymatic synthesis to create novel chemical entities with enhanced properties, and leverage the strong expertise of our collaborators to apply our skill sets in the fields of cancer biology, immunology and pain research. Our ultimate goal is to translate our discovery into therapeutic interventions in human diseases.

  • Loretta Chou, MD

    Loretta Chou, MD

    Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emerita

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsI am a Board Certified Orthopaedic Surgeon, subspecializing in Disorders of the Foot and Ankle. My clinic offers diagnosis and treatment of deformities and acute injuries of the foot and ankle.


    My research interests include: rupture and tendinitis of the Achilles tendon, osteochondral defects of the talus, Total Ankle Arthroplasty, arthrodesis (fusion) of the foot and ankle, open fractures treated with operations, and anatomy of the foot and ankle.

  • Raymond Chou, MD

    Raymond Chou, MD

    Clinical Assistant Professor, Orthopaedic Surgery

    BioDr. Chou is a physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist. He is a clinical assistant professor in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation at Stanford University School of Medicine.

    He provides expert care for patients who require non-operative treatment for musculoskeletal and neurologic conditions, with additional specialized expertise with conditions affecting the hand and upper extremity. For each patient, he develops a personalized, comprehensive, and compassionate care plan designed to achieve the best possible health and quality of life.

    Among the conditions he manages are repetitive strain injury (RSI), rotator cuff disease, frozen shoulder, and tennis and golfer's elbow. He excels at the use of ultrasound for diagnosis and evaluation. He also uses ultrasound to precisely guide treatments delivered with injections and nerve blocks.

    Dr. Chou’s expertise includes electromyography (EMG) and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT). He leads the pioneering Stanford Gaming and Tech Injury Medicine Program, dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and research of musculoskeletal and neurological conditions that develop from prolonged interaction with electronic devices. His research focus revolves around neuromodulation and other non-operative treatments for dynamic compressive neuropathies.

    He has published the findings of his research in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spinal Cord, and other journals. He has co-authored chapters in the textbooks Handbook of Clinical Neurology and Basics of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound.

    Dr. Chou has addressed his peers in presentations at meetings of the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine. Topics include extracorporeal shockwave therapy, dynamic compressive neuropathies, and rock-climbing injuries. Additionally, Dr. Chou founded the International Society of Hand and Upper Extremity Physiatrists, an organization dedicated to advancing innovation, education, and research of non-operative approaches to the treatment of hand and upper extremity conditions.

  • Charlene Chow

    Charlene Chow

    Instructional Faculty, Physician Assistant Studies

    BioCharlene Chow, PA-C is a Physician Assistant with the Urologic Oncology Department at Stanford Healthcare. She is originally from San Francisco, but obtained her Masters in Physician Assistant Studies at Oregon Health & Science University in 2013 in Portland, OR. She has a background in thoracic surgery working with lung cancer patients at Providence Portland Medical Center from 2013-2015. She then returned to the Bay Area and started with Stanford Urologic Oncology in March 2016.

    She is the sole Urologic Oncology Advanced Practice Provider (APP) at the Cancer Center South Bay (CCSB) and specializes in urologic cancers including those of the bladder, prostate, kidney, ureter, testicle, and penis. Aside from seeing both new and return patients on her own and alongside physicians, she is also well versed in performing outpatient procedures such as prostate biopsies, cystoscopies, and bladder cancer treatments.

    Her clinical interest lies in quality improvement. She has successfully completed the Clinical Excellent & Leadership Training (CEPT) program at Stanford, and is constantly involving herself and others in ongoing process improvement projects.

    When she is not at work, she enjoys dance parties with her two young children, cooking, exercising, and spending time outdoors.