School of Medicine


Showing 3,201-3,300 of 4,721 Results

  • Meeta Raman Patel

    Meeta Raman Patel

    Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor, Pediatrics - Gastroenterology

    BioDr. Patel has been working with children with autism and other disabilities for over 20 years. She is a Board Certified Behavior Analyst. Dr. Patel received a BS degree from the University of California at Davis in 1996 in Psychology with an emphasis in Biology. She continued her graduate training in Psychology at the University of Nevada, Reno. Dr. Patel received her PhD in Psychology with an emphasis in Behavior Analysis.

    She completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 2001. Dr. Patel joined the faculty at the Marcus and Kennedy Krieger Institutes in 2001 and Emory University School of Medicine in 2002. Dr. Patel was a case manager in the Pediatric Feeding Disorders and Early Intervention Programs at the Marcus and Kennedy Krieger Institutes from 2001-2003. In 2003, she started Clinic 4 Kidz, which is a home-based Interdisciplinary Pediatric Feeding Disorders Program. Currently, she serves as the Executive Director of Clinic 4 Kidz.

    Her research and clinical interests focus on treating feeding problems in children who have underlying medical issues (e.g., prematurity, failure to thrive [FTT], tube dependence, gastroesophageal reflux [GER], food allergies, etc.). In addition, she has expertise in working with children with autism, more specifically treating food selectivity by type and/or texture.

    She currently serves on the editorial board of Behavioral Development which is a journal of the American Psychological Association. She formerly served on the editorial boards for the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis and Education and Treatment of Children. Dr. Patel also serves as a guest reviewer for several journals. She has published over 20 research studies in peer-reviewed journals and has authored two invited book chapters. Dr. Patel has also been invited to present at numerous conferences and at various hospitals all over the country.

  • Meghna D Patel

    Meghna D Patel

    Clinical Associate Professor, Pediatrics - Cardiology

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsMy current academic focus is in chronic heart failure and ventricular assist device.

  • Michele Lanpher Patel

    Michele Lanpher Patel

    Instructor, Medicine - Stanford Prevention Research Center

    BioMichele L. Patel, PhD is an Instructor at the Stanford University School of Medicine. Her research focuses on optimizing digital health interventions for treating & preventing obesity. She is particularly interested in improving engagement in these interventions and examining the impact of psychosocial factors on treatment success.

    Dr. Patel received a K23 career development award from NIH (2022-2027). This work investigates the most potent combination of self-monitoring strategies in a behavioral weight loss intervention for adults with overweight or obesity. Dr. Patel is interested in using digital tools such as commercial apps, wearables, text-messaging, and telehealth to improve access to and engagement in treatment.

    Dr. Patel received her BA in psychology from Duke University in 2010 and her PhD in clinical psychology from Duke in 2018. She completed her clinical internship at the VA Palo Alto, specializing in behavioral medicine, and her postdoctoral fellowship at the Stanford Prevention Research Center.

    Primary Research Interests:
    -- Conducting clinical trials to evaluate digital health interventions for obesity
    -- Improving engagement in self-monitoring and other behavioral intervention strategies
    -- Examining the impact of psychosocial factors (e.g., health literacy, stress) on treatment success
    -- Applying the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) framework to efficiently construct behavioral interventions

    Methods:
    -- RCTs, including factorial designs
    -- systematic reviews
    -- signal detection analysis (upcoming)
    -- mixed methods (upcoming)

  • Ruby Vishnu Patel

    Ruby Vishnu Patel

    Clinical Assistant Professor, Pediatrics - Nephrology

    BioI am a Clinical Assistant Professor in the Division of Pediatric Nephrology at Stanford. I have completed my pediatric nephrology fellowship from Stanford Children's Hospital and Residency as well as Chief Resident Year from The Kaiser Permanente Northern California Pediatrics Residency Program.

  • Sujata Patel

    Sujata Patel

    Clinical Assistant Professor, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences - Vaden Health Center

    BioSujata Patel is a staff psychiatrist at Vaden Health Center, where she provides care to Stanford students. Her areas of interest include the transition to college and working with parents of college students.

  • Zara Patel, MD

    Zara Patel, MD

    Professor of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (OHNS)

    BioDr. Zara M. Patel is Director of Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery and a Professor of Otolaryngology and, by courtesy, of Neurosurgery at Stanford. She was born and raised in St. Louis, completed her MD at the Oregon Health and Sciences University in Portland, Oregon and completed her residency training in otolaryngology at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York, NY. After pursuing fellowship training in rhinology and endoscopic skull base surgery at Stanford University, she was recruited to join the Emory University faculty in Atlanta in 2011. After four years, the rhinology division recruited her back to the West coast to rejoin the department here at Stanford University in 2015.

    Dr. Patel is an expert in advanced endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery. She treats patients with a wide variety of rhinologic complaints, including chronic sinus infection or inflammation, sinus disease that has failed medical therapy, sinus disease that has failed prior surgical therapy, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, benign and and malignant sinus and skull base tumors, as well as olfactory disorders.

    She has served as Chair of the Education Committee and Member of the Board of Directors for the American Rhinologic Society, is current Chair of the Rhinology and Allergy Education Committee for the American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, and has developed a multitude of educational materials for both physicians and patients to help them better understand rhinologic disorders. She is passionate about educating patients to allow them to make the best decisions about their own care, leading to better outcomes.

    Dr. Patel has published widely in topics such as avoiding complications in endoscopic sinus surgery, chronic rhinosinusitis in the immunosuppressed patient population, new devices and techniques for endoscopic skull base surgery, and olfactory dysfunction. She continues to perform research in these areas, and is currently collaborating with neuroscientists and engineers to develop technology that she hopes will eventually help cure patients with smell loss, and potentially even help those with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

  • Margot Paul

    Margot Paul

    Clinical Assistant Professor, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

    BioDr. Paul is a Clinical Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. She received her undergraduate degree from Tulane University where she graduated magna cum laude with departmental honors in psychology. She then received a master of science degree in behavioral health psychology the following year, after partaking in the 4+1 master's program. She graduated with her doctor of psychology degree from the PGSP-Stanford Psy.D. Consortium, where she won the award for Outstanding Overall Student (2021). She completed her clinical psychology doctoral internship at the Sepulveda VA in Los Angeles and her postdoctoral fellowship in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford School of Medicine.

    During her postdoctoral year she continued her research on using virtual reality (VR) as a method of engaging in behavioral activation for individuals with depression. Dr. Paul began her VR work in 2017 after joining Dr. Kim Bullock’s Virtual Reality-Immersive Technology Clinic & Laboratory in the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences at Stanford School of Medicine. Dr. Paul won the Cheryl Koopman Dissertation of the Year Award for designing and implementing a feasibility study and three-arm pilot randomized controlled trial to examine the feasibility of using a VR headset as a way to administer behavioral activation therapy for participants with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. She presented her past and ongoing research findings as a speaker at Shift Medical 2021: Virtual Medical XR Congress and Expo (2021), Stanford Psychiatry Grand Rounds (2022), IVRHA’s 7th Annual Virtual Reality and Healthcare Global Symposium (2023), VMed23 (2023), ADAA (2023), and CYPSY26 (2023). Dr. Paul has worked and consulted with VR companies and local Bay Area startups in the technology and mental health space. She has published on her virtual reality work.

    Clinically, she is interested in working with adults with anxiety and mood disorders, interpersonal difficulties, health-related difficulties, and/or substance use disorders. Dr. Paul has experience working with high-performance individuals, such as healthcare providers and student athletes. She practices using predominantly cognitive behavioral and dialectical behavioral therapies, but integrates various skills depending on the presentation and need of each unique individual.

  • Ria Paul

    Ria Paul

    Clinical Associate Professor, Medicine - Primary Care and Population Health

    BioClinical Focus
    .Internal Medicine
    .Geriatric Medicine
    .Wellness
    .Focus on Health Disparities in Elderly Population

  • Arogyaswami Paulraj

    Arogyaswami Paulraj

    Professor (Research) of Electrical Engineering, Emeritus

    BioProfessor Emeritus Arogyaswami Paulraj, Stanford University, is a pioneer of MIMO wireless communications, a technology break through that enables improved wireless performance. MIMO is now incorporated into all new wireless systems.

    Paulraj is the author of over 400 research papers, two textbooks, and a co-inventor in 80 US patents.

    Paulraj has won over a dozen awards, notably the National Inventors Hall of Fame (USPTO), Marconi Prize and Fellowship, 2014 and the IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal, 2011. He is a fellow of eight scientific / engineering national academies including the US, China, India, and Sweden. He is a fellow of IEEE and AAAS.

    In 1999, Paulraj founded Iospan Wireless Inc. - which developed and established MIMO-OFDMA wireless as the core 4G technology. Iospan was acquired by Intel Corporation in 2003. In 2004, he co-founded Beceem Communications Inc. The company became the market leader in 4G-WiMAX semiconductor and was acquired by Broadcom Corp. in 2010. In 2014 he founded Rasa Networks to develop Machine Learning tools for WiFi Networks. The company was acquired HPE in 2016.

    During his 30 years in the Indian (Navy) (1961-1991), he founded three national-level laboratories in India and headed one of India’s most successful military R&D projects – APSOH sonar. He received over a dozen awards (many at the national level) in India including the Padma Bhushan, Ati Vishist Seva Medal and the VASVIK Medal.

  • John M. Pauly

    John M. Pauly

    Reid Weaver Dennis Professor

    BioInterests include medical imaging generally, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in particular. Current efforts are focused on medical applications of MRI where real-time interactive imaging is important. Two examples are cardiac imaging, and the interactive guidance of interventional procedures. Specific interests include rapid methods for the excitation and acquisition of the MR signal, and the reconstruction of images from the data acquired using these approaches.

  • Kim Butts Pauly

    Kim Butts Pauly

    Professor of Radiology (Radiological Sciences Lab) and, by courtesy, of Electrical Engineering and of Bioengineering

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsWe are investigating and developing, and applying focused ultrasound in neuromodulation, blood brain barrier opening, and ablation for both neuro and body applications.

  • Christopher K. Payne, MD

    Christopher K. Payne, MD

    Professor of Urology at the Stanford University Medical Center, Emeritus

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsObstetric Fistula Projects:
    1. Preoperative ultrasound evaluation to detect ureteric involvement in vesicovaginal fistulas
    2. Patient narrative study to identify key medical, social and economic factors that lead to fistula formation
    3. Study of urinary continence after fistula repair

    Pelvic pain: investigation into role of pelvic floor in chronic pelvic pain

  • Susan Payrovi

    Susan Payrovi

    Clinical Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine

    BioDr. Payrovi is a physician practicing Integrative and Functional Medicine at Stanford’s Center for Integrative Medicine. She earned her bachelor’s degree in Microbiology and Molecular Genetics at UCLA and completed her medical education at UC San Diego in 2003. She completed a residency in Anesthesiology at USC in 2007. Dr. Payrovi is board certified in Anesthesiology, Hospice and Palliative Medicine, as well as Integrative Medicine. She has additional training in Functional Medicine and acupuncture.

  • Ronald Pearl

    Ronald Pearl

    Dr. Richard K. and Erika N. Richards Professor

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsMechanims (molecular and cellular) of pulmonary hypertension, treatment of pulmonary hypertension, treatment of respiratory failure, treatment of septic shock, hemodynamic monitoring

  • Francis Pearman

    Francis Pearman

    Assistant Professor of Education

    BioFrancis A. Pearman is an Assistant Professor of Education in the Graduate School of Education at Stanford University. His research focuses on how poverty and inequality shape the life chances of children, especially in rapidly changing cities. Pearman holds a Ph.D. and M.Ed. from Vanderbilt University and a B.S. from the University of Virginia.

  • Donna Peehl, PhD

    Donna Peehl, PhD

    Professor (Research) of Urology, Emerita

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsMy research focuses on the molecular and cellular biology of the human prostate. Developing realistic experimental models is a major goal, and primary cultures of prostatic epithelial and stromal cells are my main model system. Our discoveries are relevant to prevention, detection, diagnosis and treatment of benign and malignant prostatic diseases.

  • Mark Pegram

    Mark Pegram

    Susy Yuan-Huey Hung Professor

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsMolecular mechanisms of targeted therapy resistance in breast and other cancers

  • Rafael Pelayo, MD

    Rafael Pelayo, MD

    Clinical Professor, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences - Sleep Medicine

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsSleep Disorders in Adults and Children

  • Norbert Pelc

    Norbert Pelc

    Boston Scientific Applied Biomedical Engineering Professor and Professor of Radiology, Emeritus

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsBroadly, Dr. Pelc is interested in the physics, engineering and mathematics of medical imaging, especially computed tomography, digital x-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and hybrid multimodality systems. His current research is concentrated in the development of computed tomography systems with higher image quality and dose efficiency, in the characterization of system performance, and in the development and validation of new clinical applications.

  • Gary Peltz

    Gary Peltz

    Professor of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsThe laboratory develops and uses state of the art genomic methods to identify genetic factors affecting disease susceptibility, and to translate these findings into new treatments. We have developed a more efficient method for performing mouse genetic analysis, which has been used to analyze the genetic basis for 16 different biomedical traits. We are developing novel methods, and have developed a novel experimental platform that replaces mouse liver with functioning human liver tissue.

  • Daniel Penaranda

    Daniel Penaranda

    Clinical Instructor, Otolaryngology (Head and Neck Surgery)

    BioOtolaryngologist from Bogotá, Colombia, with a Master´s degree in Immunology, pursuing a fellowship in Pediatric Otolaryngology.

  • Allison Peng

    Allison Peng

    Affiliate, Department Funds
    Resident in Graduate Medical Education

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsMy research interests are in preventive cardiology and cardiovascular imaging, and in particular coronary artery calcium. I am also interested in the intersection of radiology and biomedical data science with the goals of improving detection of subclinical ASCVD, stratification of cardiovascular risk, and implementation of equitable population-wide preventive intervention.

  • Jinghong Penny Peng

    Jinghong Penny Peng

    Clinical Instructor, Radiation Oncology - Radiation Physics

    Current Research and Scholarly Interests1. IMRT Treatment planning
    2. IGRT Radiation Therapy
    3. Real time prostate implant
    4. 4D CT and Respiratory Gating Radiation Therapy
    5. HDR for breast cancer and GYN cancer
    6. Xoft Electronic Brachytherapy

  • Jon-Paul Pepper, MD

    Jon-Paul Pepper, MD

    Associate Professor of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (OHNS)

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsFacial paralysis is a debilitating condition that affects thousands of people. Despite excellent surgical technique, we are currently limited by the regenerative capacity of the body. The mission of our research is to identify new treatments that improve current facial paralysis treatments. We do this by exploring the regenerative cues that the body uses to restore tissue after nerve injury, in particular through pathways of neurogenesis and nerve repair in small mammals.

  • Jack Percelay

    Jack Percelay

    Clinical Professor, Pediatrics

    BioJack Percelay has a 25+ year career in pediatric hospital medicine, beginning before the term hospitalist was invented when he started as an "in-house pediatrician in 1991 at several Bay Area hospitals after a brief career as a civilian primary care pediatrician at local and international US military bases. He has spent the majority of his career in community hospitals where his practice has run the gamut from the general pediatric ward and emergency room, to the PICU and intensive care nurseries, delivery room, and specialized neurologic and neurosurgical units. His work has taken him from San Francisco to New York City with brief stints in Hawaii. In 2015 he moved to Seattle Children's Hospital where he was an Associate Division Chief of Hospital Medicine, and in 2018 returned to the Bay Area joining the Stanford faculty.

    He served as the founding chair of the AAP Section on Hospital Medicine, and has also served as the Chair of the AAP Committee on Hospital Care. He served for seven years as the pediatric board member for the Society of Hospital Medicine and has been recognized as a Master of Hospital Medicine by SHM. Additionally, he was an inaugural board member of the American Board of Pediatrics Pediatric Hospital Medicine Subspecialty Board. Areas of interest include pediatric hospital medicine systems of care, patient and family-centered care, BRUEs, billing and coding, and hospitalist roles in the PICU.

  • Addie Peretz

    Addie Peretz

    Clinical Assistant Professor, Neurology & Neurological Sciences
    Clinical Associate Professor, Neurology & Neurological Sciences

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsDr. Peretz's research interests include understanding the biological underpinnings of migraine and chronic daily headaches. She also participates in clinical trials of new headache treatments.

  • Felipe De Jesus Perez

    Felipe De Jesus Perez

    Clinical Associate Professor, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine

    BioFelipe D. Perez is a Clinical Associate Professor who is board-certified as an Anesthesiologist and as a Pediatric Anesthesiologist. He is the Assistant Dean for Diversity in Medical Student Education in the Office of Diversity in Medical Education (ODME) at Stanford University School of Medicine. His parents emigrated from Mexico and was raised in an immigrant working class neighborhood of Long Beach, CA. After receiving his Bachelors at Stanford he dedicated three years to public health policy where he worked for local, state, and national levels of government. He worked for Congressman Henry Waxman, Assemblymember Hector De La Torre, and Senator Alex Padilla, on laws such as preventing homelessness and having restaurants post caloric information on their menus. He returned to Stanford University for his Medical Degree and stayed for residency, pediatric anesthesiology fellowship, and was hired on as faculty at both the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital and Stanford Hospital. He served as the Chair of the Legislative Affairs Committee for the California Society of Anesthesiologists (CSA) 2021 to 2023. He is involved with leading diversity efforts locally and nationally. He co-chairs his clinical department’s Anesthesiology Diversity Council, he is a steering committee member of Leadership Education in Advancing Diversity (LEAD), he founded CSA's Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI) Committee, and is the communication chair for the national Society for Pediatric Anesthesia (SPA) DEI Committee.

  • Marco Perez

    Marco Perez

    Associate Professor of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine)

    BioDr. Marco Perez's research goal is to better understand the fundamental causes of cardiovascular disease through the study of genetics and epidemiology. His group studies the genetic variations and environmental exposures that are associated with conditions such as atrial fibrillation and heart failure. He has led the studies of atrial fibrillation in Women's Health Initiative, one of the largest nation-wide population-based cohorts. He is currently conducting a large study monitoring for silent or asymptomatic atrial fibrillation in women from the WHI randomized to exercise intervention, and was co-PI of the Apple Heart Study, a clinical trial that validated the ability of a smartwatch to detect atrial fibrillation. He is now PI of the Clinical Coordinating Center at Stanford for the REACT-AF which is a clinical trial to evaluate efficacy and safety of a "pill-in-the pocket" approach to anticoagulation for AF using a smartwatch. He is interested in understanding the paradox that atrial fibrillation is less common in African Americans and Hispanics, despite a greater burden of risk factors such as hypertension. As director of the Stanford Inherited Arrhythmia Clinic, he evaluates families with rare inherited arrhythmias associated with sudden death such as Long QT and Brugada Syndromes and explores their links with novel genes. He also studies the genetic causes of very early onset atrial fibrillation. He also studies how best to use the electrocardiogram and imaging modalities using Machine Learning techniques to identify patients at risk for cardiovascular disease. Dr. Perez receives funding from the NIH/NHLBI, Apple Inc., Janssen and the Colson Foundation.

  • Alexander C. Perino

    Alexander C. Perino

    Clinical Assistant Professor, Medicine - Cardiovascular Medicine

    BioAlexander C. Perino MD is a cardiac electrophysiologist, clinical informaticist, and cardiovascular researcher. In his clinical role, Dr. Perino treats patients with heart rhythm disorders at Stanford Health Care, performing catheter ablations and cardiac device implantations. In addition to complex ablation (e.g., atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia ablation), Dr. Perino has expertise implanting leadless pacemakers, subcutaneous ICDs, and conduction system pacing leads (i.e., His bundle and left bundle branch area pacing leads). Dr. Perino is the medical informatics director for the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine at Stanford Health Care, providing informatics direction to improve 1) the quality and safety of cardiovascular care delivery and 2) patient and clinician experience derived from the electronic health record and related information and communication technologies. As a cardiovascular researcher, Dr. Perino uses large datasets to examine quality of care, outcomes, and risk prediction for heart rhythm disorders and cardiovascular disease.

  • VJ Periyakoil, Professor of Medicine

    VJ Periyakoil, Professor of Medicine

    Professor of Medicine (Primary Care and Population Health)

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsMy research focuses on the intersection of biological, psychosocial and cultural aspects of care of persons with chronic and serious illnesses including dementia.

  • Inder Perkash

    Inder Perkash

    Paralyzed Veterans of America Professor of Spinal Cord Injury Medicine, Emeritus

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsMy major interest has been neurogenic bladder and neurogenic bowel. In other areas where I have published research include urinary tract infections , use of Laser to vaporize urethral strictures in able bodies and surgery to improve voiding in spinal cord injury patients.
    Currently I am helping set up to evaluate and rehab. neurogenic bowel problems in GI Medicine at Stanford.

  • Mark Perlroth, MD

    Mark Perlroth, MD

    Member, Cardiovascular Institute

    Current Research and Scholarly Interests1. Adult Congenital Heart Disease
    2. Cardiac Transplantation
    3. General Cardiology
    4. Porphyrias

  • Kenneth Perrone

    Kenneth Perrone

    Instructor, Surgery - General Surgery

    BioKenneth Perrone is a fellowship trained colon and rectal surgeon. His clinical practice covers a wide range of problems related to the colon, rectum, and anus. In addition to his clinical practice, conducts research in Technology Enabled Clinical Improvement center focused on quantifying physician performance using sensors.

  • Suzann Pershing, MD

    Suzann Pershing, MD

    Associate Professor of Ophthalmology

    BioDr. Pershing is on the ophthalmology faculty at Stanford University School of Medicine, with an academic career blending clinical practice, teaching, research, and administration. She serves as Chief of Ophthalmology and Eye Care Services for the VA Palo Alto Health Care System and as Vice Chair for Education in the Stanford Department of Ophthalmology, after five years as Program Director for the ophthalmology residency.

    As an educator she seeks to bring a "precision" approach to graduate medical education, incorporating innovation and research rigor. She is committed to program diversity and inclusion and excited to innovate and implement novel approaches to ophthalmology education. Specific areas of interest include competency-based education, career pathways and career development, and leadership development, with programmatic initiatives such as Stanford Ophthalmology's 4-year research track residency program (SOAR), opportunities for resident elective scholarly activity, and efforts to develop a valuable internship program for incoming ophthalmology residents at Stanford. Dr. Pershing's active research includes efforts to enhance diversity in residency selection, using AI semi-supervised models to augment the application review process, and predictive modeling to optimize cataract surgery case selection and scheduling.

    Her broader research interests focus on utilization of big data, biomedical informatics techniques, and evidence-based medicine to study clinical associations and outcomes, health care utilization, disease progression, and cost-effectiveness of ophthalmic treatment, as well as a special interest in the relationship between visual impairment and cognitive impairment. Dr. Pershing is active in big data initiatives and analysis, including collaborative projects at Stanford and serving as site PI for the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) IRIS Registry analytic group at Stanford. She also serves on the American Board of Medical Specialties Database and Information Technology Advisory Committee (DITAC), the AAO Medical Information Technology Committee, and AAO Committee on Aging. Through this and her other work, she is engaged in efforts to use diverse data sources to facilitate improved quality of care, continuing certification, and practice and outcomes assessments. Dr. Pershing is also involved in health policy, including helping to develop CMS episode-based cost measures for MIPS, and she is interested in health care innovation—technology, quality, and delivery systems.

    Dr. Pershing also serves as faculty advisor for the Alpha Omega Alpha medical honor society Stanford association, with focus on resident initiatives, and mentors both medical students and undergraduate students.

  • Jeffrey Petersen

    Jeffrey Petersen

    Professor of Medicine (Nephrology) at the Stanford University Medical Center, Emeritus

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsHigh flux dialysis in in-vivo and in-vitro clearances, of small and middle molecular weight solutes; computerized capture, of interdialysis hemodynamics; biocompatibility of biomembranes;, dialysis-related amyloidosis

  • Claudia Katharina Petritsch

    Claudia Katharina Petritsch

    Associate Professor (Research) of Neurosurgery

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsThe Petritsch lab broadly investigates underlying causes for the intra-tumoral heterogeneity and immune suppression in brain tumors from a neuro-developmental perspective. Defective cell fate decisions fuel the intra-humoral heterogeneity and plasticity in human brain tumors and may contribute to immune suppression. We use patient-derived models as avatars to study how brain cells control the fate of their progeny, whereby we unravel novel points of vulnerabilities in brain tumor cells.

  • Ed Petrossian

    Ed Petrossian

    Clinical Professor, Cardiothoracic Surgery

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsDr. Petrossian has expertise in complex pediatric and congenital cardiovascular surgical repairs. He has published several journal articles and book chapters with an emphasis on the extracardiac conduit Fontan operation.

  • Dmitri Petrov

    Dmitri Petrov

    Michelle and Kevin Douglas Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsEvolution of genomes and population genomics of adaptation and variation

  • Martin Pfaller

    Martin Pfaller

    Instructor, Pediatrics - Cardiology

    BioMartin R. Pfaller is an Instructor in the Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) in the group of Alison L. Marsden. He received his B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the Technical University of Munich, working with Wolfgang A. Wall. During his Ph.D., he validated an efficient yet physiologically accurate boundary condition to account for the mechanical support of the heart within its surroundings, which has been adopted by various research groups worldwide. He further demonstrated how projection-based model order reduction could speed up model personalization from patient data, such as magnetic resonance imaging or blood pressure measurements. His current work focuses on cardiovascular fluid dynamics. He developed reduced-physics models to make blood flow simulations faster and more reliable. Further, he developed a fluid-solid-growth interaction model in blood vessels. His future research will predict the heart’s long-term function in heart diseases, supported by an NIH Pathway to Independence Award (K99/R00) and Stanford MCHRI Instructor K Award Support. He will quantify the risk of heart failure after a heart attack with a stability analysis validated with imaging data in swine and humans. This research will improve our understanding of biomechanical mechanisms leading to heart failure and help to identify patients at risk, enable personalized therapies, and facilitate the optimal design of medical devices. As an Assistant Professor, Martin will start his research group at Yale University in the Department of Biomedical Engineering in July 2024.

  • Michael Adam Pfeffer

    Michael Adam Pfeffer

    Chief Information Officer, Stanford Health Care and Stanford School of Medicine, Associate Dean, Stanford School of Medicine, and Clinical Professor, Medicine
    Clinical Professor, Medicine

    BioMichael A. Pfeffer, MD, FACP serves as Chief Information Officer and Associate Dean for Stanford Health Care and Stanford University School of Medicine. Michael oversees Technology and Digital Solutions (TDS), responsible for providing world class technology solutions to Stanford Health Care and School of Medicine, enabling new opportunities for groundbreaking research, teaching, and compassionate care across two hospitals and over 150 clinics. TDS supports Stanford Medicine’s mission to improve human health through discovery and care and strategic priorities to be value focused, digitally driven, and uniquely Stanford.

    Michael is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Medicine and Division of Hospital Medicine with a joint appointment in the center for Biomedical Research (BMIR) in Stanford University School of Medicine. As such, Michael continues to provide clinical care as a Hospitalist Physician as well as teaching medical students and residents on the medicine inpatient wards.

    Prior to joining Stanford Medicine, Michael served as the Assistant Vice Chancellor and Chief Information Officer for UCLA Health Sciences. During his tenure, Michael served as the lead physician for the largest electronic health record “big bang” go-live of its time, encompassing over 26,000 users. Michael subsequently became the first Chief Medical Informatics Officer for UCLA Health before transitioning into the Chief Information Officer position. Under his leadership, UCLA Health IT achieved numerous industry awards including the HIMSS Analytics Stage 7 Inpatient, Ambulatory, and Analytics Certifications; the Most Wired designation for eight consecutive years; US News & World Report’s Most Connected Hospitals; the Top Master’s in Healthcare Administration 30 Most Technologically Advanced Hospitals in the World; and the prestigious HIMSS Davies Award. Michael also implemented of one of the first ACGME-accredited Clinical Informatics Fellowship Programs and served as its Associate Program Director.

    Michael has lectured worldwide on health information technology; served on the national HIMSS Physician Committee and as a HIMSS Stage 7 international site surveyor; and has published numerous peer-reviewed articles on health IT. Michael was featured in Becker’s Hospital Review as 10 physician CIOs to know and 12 standout healthcare CIOs and was one of LA’s top doctors in Los Angeles Magazine.

  • Suzanne Pfeffer

    Suzanne Pfeffer

    Emma Pfeiffer Merner Professor of Medical Sciences

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsThe major focus of our research is to understand the molecular basis of inherited Parkinson's Disease (PD). We focus on the LRRK2 kinase that is inappropriately activated in PD and how it phosphorylates Rab GTPases, blocking the formation of primary cilia in specific regions of the brain. The absence of primary cilia renders cells unable to carry out Hedgehog signaling that is critical for neuroprotective pathways that sustain dopamine neurons.

  • Adolf Pfefferbaum

    Adolf Pfefferbaum

    Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emeritus

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsDevelopment and application of magnetic resonance imaging approaches for in vivo studies of human and animal brain integrity in neurodegenerative conditions, including alcoholism, HIV infection, Alzheimer's disease, and normal aging

  • Anuradha Phadke

    Anuradha Phadke

    Clinical Associate Professor, Medicine - Primary Care and Population Health

    BioDr. Phadke is a dedicated clinician-educator and board-certified internal medicine physician. She divides her time between the clinical care of adult primary care patients, teaching, quality improvement implementation and evaluation, and health system leadership.

    In her clinical care, she practices at Hoover Pavillion in Palo Alto. She enjoys forming deep relationships with patients. Her goal is to listen actively, provide expertise, and guide patients toward the best health outcomes.

    Her teaching includes clinical teaching within the internal medicine continuity clinic and medical student ambulatory clerkship, and quality improvement coaching and teaching.

    She hold several administrative roles including Associate Physician Improvement Leader for the Department of Medicine at Stanford, Quality Director for the Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Founding Director of the Primary Care Project Engagement Platform, and Director of Chronic Disease Management for the Stanford Healthcare Alliance insurance plan. Across these roles, she partners with physicians, quality improvement professionals, and care teams to improve clinical care within Stanford Medicine.

    Her scholarly focus is primary care quality improvement evaluation. She has published and presented on a wide array of topics from team-based care in primary care to strategies to improve chronic disease management to the integration of emerging technologies. She enjoys working with trainees and students on scholarship.

  • Edward A. Pham

    Edward A. Pham

    Instructor, Medicine - Gastroenterology & Hepatology

    BioMy interest in medicine and research was triggered by my mother’s battle with chronic hepatitis C, which made me realize the transformational power of biomedical research in treating patients. Therefore, my career goal is to become a physician scientist in the field of gastroenterology and hepatology dedicated to translating discoveries in the laboratory into novel medical treatment modalities. My research focus is alterations in phosphoinositides signaling and its pathogenesis in cancers of the hepatobiliary and luminal GI tract with the goal to identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention. I also have a particular interest in understanding the interface between chronic viral infection and cancer through studying how the innate and adaptive immune system are perturbed in chronic viral infections

  • Tho Duc Pham

    Tho Duc Pham

    Clinical Associate Professor, Pathology

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsMy areas of interest involve exploring antibody function as it relates to transfusion medicine, blood safety, and emerging infectious diseases. This ranges from natural immune responses to the ABO blood group, antibody profiling anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and studying HEV seroprevalence in the local community. I am also interested in exploring statistical approaches to improve blood product availability and overall health care efficiency in a tertiary care system.

  • Trung Hoang Minh Pham

    Trung Hoang Minh Pham

    Assistant Professor of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases)

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsUncovering mechanisms of tissue immunity and immunophysiology during persistent infection

    The immune system safeguards the health of complex organisms by rapidly eliminating invading pathogens, curbing infection-induced tissue disruptions, and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Many bacterial pathogens evade host antimicrobial mechanisms and persist in infected tissues at low levels for long periods of time even in the presence of innate and adaptive immune resistance. During persistent infection, the immune system simultaneously orchestrates antimicrobial responses to contain the pathogen, repairs damaged tissue, regulates nutrient resources, and maintains other tissue physiologic functions to ensure host survival. Failure of any of these tasks leads to uncontrolled infection, devastating disease, and even death. The goals of our research are to understand:

    1)What are the innate and adaptive immune cellular mechanisms that contain pathogens during persistent infection?
    2)How are tissue physiological functions, such as tissue repair and nutrient regulation, maintained during persistent infection?
    3)How do pathogens survive innate and adaptive antimicrobial mechanisms in infected tissues?
    4)How does persistent infection impact host immunity to secondary infections of a similar or different pathogen?

    Through investigating these fundamental questions, we may be able to decode the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that can be harnessed to eradicate infections, promote tissue resilience, and restore health after an infectious insult. We employ animal infection models and bring together immunology, tissue biology, microbiology, and genetics to uncover the mechanisms of tissue immunity and immunophysiology during persistent infection from the molecular to organismal level.

    Current areas of research:
    •Development, maintenance, and plasticity of macrophage functional diversity in infected tissue
    •Tissue repair and nutrient regulation during persistent infection
    •Cellular dynamics and bacterial persistence in lymphoid organs

    We are looking for highly motivated team members who are passionate about making impactful scientific discoveries to join our group at all levels. For opportunities and positions available for pre-doctoral students and postdoctoral fellows, please contact tpham8@stanford.edu!

  • Harold Westley Phillips

    Harold Westley Phillips

    Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery (Pediatric Neurosurgery)

    BioH. Westley Phillips, MD is an Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery at Stanford University where he is a neurosurgeon-scientist specializing in pediatric neurosurgery with a special interest in epilepsy. Dr. Phillips received his undergraduate degree at Yale University where he was a member of the Varsity Football Team and received a Fulbright Scholarship. He completed an MD at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, graduating with a certificate of distinction in the Clinical Neuroscience Training Program. He completed neurosurgical residency at UCLA where he received 2 years of NIH funding to investigate the genetic underpinnings of epilepsy. He received fellowship training in pediatric epilepsy surgery and genetics research at Boston Children’s Hospital as well as pediatric neurosurgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh before his arrival at Stanford. At Stanford, Dr. Phillips leads a molecular genetics laboratory and has a particular interest in defining and further understanding somatic mosaicism and its role in epileptogenesis. He has published manuscripts in leading academic journals including Nature: Genetics, JAMA Neurology, Journal of Neuroscience, Scientific Reports, Epilepsia and Neurology. He is dedicated to improving the treatment and outcomes for children with drug resistant epilepsy through innovative research and cutting-edge surgical techniques.

  • Jennifer M. Phillips, PhD

    Jennifer M. Phillips, PhD

    Clinical Professor, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences - Child & Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsAutism spectrum disorders, young child assessment, developmental disabilities

  • Andrew Picel

    Andrew Picel

    Clinical Associate Professor, Radiology

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsProstate artery embolization (PAE) for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

    Prophylactic balloon occlusion catheters and uterine artery embolization to reduce blood loss in patients with invasive placenta.

    Geniculate artery embolization for relief of osteoarthritis related knee pain.

  • Jennifer Pien MD

    Jennifer Pien MD

    Clinical Associate Professor, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

    BioJennifer H. Pien is a Clinical Associate Professor and Stanford Medical Humanities & Arts faculty through the Department of Psychiatry at Stanford University. She is the Director of The Pegasus Physician Writers, Founder of The Pegasus Review, and is on the faculty editorial team for the Oxford Review of Books x Stanford collaboration. She also serves on the Advisory Board for The Bellevue Literary Press and the Stanford School of Medicine Medical Humanities Fellowship. In addition to her work in Medical Humanities, her interests include advocacy for adults with developmental disabilities where she cofounded Puente Clinic through the San Mateo County Medical System, an innovative dev. disabilities subspecialty clinic. She serves on the Regional Advisory Committee to the California State Council on Developmental Disabilities. Currently, her clinical focus is on physician well-being through the WellConnect team.

  • Benjamin Pinsky

    Benjamin Pinsky

    Professor of Pathology, of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) and, by courtesy, of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases)

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsDevelopment and application of molecular assays for the diagnosis and management of infectious diseases.

  • Harlan Pinto

    Harlan Pinto

    Associate Professor of Medicine (Oncology) and of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsClinical Interests: general oncology, head and neck cancer Research Interests: chemoprevention trials and combined modality approaches to head and neck cancer

  • Sharon Pitteri

    Sharon Pitteri

    Associate Professor (Research) of Radiology (Cancer Early Detection-Canary Center)

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsThe Pitteri laboratory is focused on the discovery and validation of proteins that can be used as molecular indicators of risk, diagnosis, progression, and recurrence of cancer. Proteomic technologies, predominantly mass spectrometry, are used to identify proteins in the blood that are differentially regulated and/or post-translationally modified with disease state. Using human plasma samples, tumor tissue, cancer cell lines, and genetically engineered mouse models, the origins of these proteins are being investigated. A major goal of this research is to define novel molecular signatures for breast and ovarian cancers, including particular sub-types of these diseases. This laboratory is also focused on the identification of proteins with expression restricted to the surface of cancer cells which can be used as novel targets for molecular imaging technologies.

  • Maryann Abiodun Pitts, MD

    Maryann Abiodun Pitts, MD

    Clinical Instructor, Pediatrics - General Pediatrics

    BioDr. Pitts is a board-certified pediatrician. She has served as a clinical instructor and assistant clinical professor (affiliated) in the Department of Pediatrics at Stanford University School of Medicine.

    She provides care to children and adolescents. Among the services she delivers are well check-ups, vaccinations, acute care, mental health support, and preventive care.

    When patients meet with Dr. Pitts, it is important to her that they always feel respected and heard. If they are not ready or able to answer a question, or if they feel more at ease with a different approach to their appointment, she will always honor how they are feeling.

    Dr. Pitts also works with the community to strengthen the systems that support healthy children and families. She has extensive experience collaborating with community-based organizations and government agencies. Her experience includes serving as a physician partner to the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Aware Initiative. This program develops methods to screen patients and create treatment plans designed to help them heal from the impacts of trauma and toxic stress.

    Her leadership experience includes co-founding POWER: Pediatricians Organizing and Working to End Racism and developing diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives within health institutions. As an invited speaker at regional and national events, she has made many presentations to her peers. She also served as a health equity panelist for the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine.

    Dr. Pitts speaks both English and Spanish.

  • Philip A. Pizzo, M.D.

    Philip A. Pizzo, M.D.

    David and Susan Heckerman Professor, Emeritus

    BioPhilip Pizzo, MD, is the David and Susan Heckerman Professor and Founding Director of the Stanford Distinguished Careers Institute. Pizzo served as Dean of the Stanford School of Medicine from April 2001 to December 1, 2012, where he was also the Carl and Elizabeth Naumann Professor of Pediatrics and of Microbiology and Immunology. Dr. Pizzo has devoted much of his distinguished medical career to the diagnosis, management, prevention and treatment of childhood cancers and the infectious complications that occur in children whose immune systems are compromised by cancer and AIDS. He has also been a leader in academic medicine, championing programs and policies to improve the future of science, education and healthcare in the US and beyond.
    Pizzo received his MD degree with Honors and Distinction in Research from the University of Rochester in 1970, and completed an internship and residency at Children’s Hospital Medical Center in Boston, a teaching fellowship at Harvard Medical School, and a clinical and research fellowship in pediatric oncology at the National Cancer Institute. Pizzo served as head of the Institute’s infectious disease section, chief of the NCI’s pediatric department, and acting scientific director for NCI’s Division of Clinical Sciences between 1973 and 1996. Before joining Stanford in 2001, he was the physician-in-chief of Children’s Hospital in Boston and Chair of the Department of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School, where he was also the Thomas Morgan Rotch Professor of Pediatrics.
    Dr. Pizzo is the author of more than 615 scientific articles and 16 books and monographs, including Principles and Practice of Pediatric Oncology, the Seventh Edition of which was published in 2015.
    Pizzo has received numerous awards and honors, among them the Public Health Service Outstanding Service Medal in 1995, the Barbara Bohen Pfiefer Award for Scientific Excellence in 1991, the Elizabeth Kubler-Ross Award in 2008, the Ronald McDonald Charities “Award of Excellence” in 2009, and the John and Emma Bonica Public Service Award in 2013. He is the 2012 recipient of the John Howland Award, the highest honor for lifetime achievement bestowed by the American Pediatric Society. He has been elected to a number of prestigious organizations and societies, including the Association of American Physicians, the American Society of Clinical Investigation, the American Pediatric Society and the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, where he was also elected to the Governing Council. The IOM became the National Academy of Medicine in 2015. He has served as Chair of the Association of Academic Health Centers and Chair of the Council of Deans of the Association of American Medical Colleges, and was elected to the Board of Directors of the American Society for Clinical Oncology and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. He was President of the International Immunocompromised Host Society (1998-2011). He served on the Governing Board for the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine from 2004-2012. In 2009 he was elected to the Board of Trustees of the University of Rochester and the Board of Overseers of Koc University in Istanbul, Turkey. He was a member of the Board of Directors of MRI Interventions (2013-2017) and the Academic Advisory Council for Merritt Hawkins (2015-present). In 2014 he was elected to the Board of Directors of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and in 2015 he was elected to the Board of Directors of Global Blood Therapeutics. He also serves as Editor-in-Chief of Current Opinion in Pediatrics.

  • Thomas G Plante

    Thomas G Plante

    Adjunct Clinical Professor, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

    BioThomas G. Plante, Ph.D., ABPP is an emeritus adjunct professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine. He is also the Augustin Cardinal Bea, S.J. University Professor, professor of psychology and, by courtesy, religious studies and The Jesuit School of Theology at the Graduate Theological Union, and directs the Applied Spirituality Institute at Santa Clara University. He has served as vice-chair of the National Review Board for the Protection of Children and Youth for the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops and is past-president of the Society for the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality (Division 36) of the American Psychological Association (APA). He has published 29 books including, Spiritually Informed Therapy: Wisdom and Evidence Based Strategies That Work, Contemporary Clinical Psychology, Graduating with Honor: Best Practices to Promote Ethics Development in College Students, Living Ethically in an Unethical World, Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Church: A Decade of Crisis, 2002-2012, and Spiritual Practices in Psychotherapy: Thirteen Tools for Enhancing Psychological Health. He is editor of the APA journal, Spirituality in Clinical Practice. He has published over 250 scholarly professional journal articles and book chapters as well. He has been frequently featured in most major national and international media outlets. Time Magazine featured him in a 2005 profile and referred to him in a 2002 cover story about clerical abuse as one of “three leading American Catholics.” He teaches courses in psychopathology, health psychology, the psychology of religion and spirituality, and professional ethics and maintains a private clinical practice as a licensed psychologist in Menlo Park, CA. He is best reached at tplante@scu.edu.

  • Terry Platchek

    Terry Platchek

    Clinical Professor, Pediatrics
    Clinical Professor, Emergency Medicine
    Clinical Professor, Emergency Medicine

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsDr. Platchek's research interest focuses on improving value in healthcare delivery using healthcare model design thinking and a "Lean" business strategy. Dr. Platchek is also interested in effective methods for engaging clinicians in systems-based clinical improvement efforts.

  • Tino Pleiner

    Tino Pleiner

    Assistant Professor of Molecular and Cellular Physiology

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsThe Pleiner lab combines mechanistic cell biology, structural biochemistry and protein engineering to dissect the pathways and molecular machines that mature human membrane proteins to a fully functional state. We also develop alpaca-derived and synthetic nanobodies as tools to modulate intracellular pathways that globally regulate protein homeostasis in health and disease.

  • Sylvia K. Plevritis, PhD

    Sylvia K. Plevritis, PhD

    William M. Hume Professor in the School of Medicine and Professor of Radiology (Integrative Biomedical Imaging Informatics at Stanford)

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsMy research program focuses on computational modeling of cancer biology and cancer outcomes. My laboratory develops stochastic models of the natural history of cancer based on clinical research data. We estimate population-level outcomes under differing screening and treatment interventions. We also analyze genomic and proteomic cancer data in order to identify molecular networks that are perturbed in cancer initiation and progression and relate these perturbations to patient outcomes.

  • Celeste Poe, Ph.D., PMH-C

    Celeste Poe, Ph.D., PMH-C

    Clinical Instructor, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences - Child & Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development

    BioDr. Celeste Poe is a licensed clinical psychologist with a certification in perinatal mental health. She is a Clinical Instructor and Attending NICU and Perinatal Psychologist at Stanford University School of Medicine. She is the director of the NICU Psychology Program at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital where she provides psychological consultation and psychotherapy to parents of infants and young children hospitalized in the NICU, CVICU, and other departments of the hospital.

    Dr. Poe’s research interests include perinatal and early childhood mental health, pediatric behavioral health, and health equity. Her clinical work focuses on infant and perinatal mental health and parenting, and she specializes in trauma, grief, and bereavement in families of very young children. Dr. Poe is a registered Circle of Security Parenting facilitator and is a rostered Child Parent Psychotherapy (CPP) provider.

    Dr. Poe also holds an appointment as a Clinical Instructor at the Yale Child Study Center where she works on the Grief-Sensitive Healthcare Project which aims to enhance medical providers’ capacities to meet the needs of grieving families.

  • Kilian M Pohl

    Kilian M Pohl

    Professor (Research) of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Major Labs and Incubator) and, by courtesy, of Electrical Engineering

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsThe foundation of the laboratory of Associate Professor Kilian M. Pohl, PhD, is computational science aimed at identifying biomedical phenotypes improving the mechanistic understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The biomedical phenotypes are discovered by unbiased, machine learning-based searches across biological, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological data. This data-driven discovery currently supports the adolescent brain research of the NIH-funded National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) and the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD), the largest long-term study of brain development and child health in the US. The laboratory also investigates brain patterns specific to alcohol use disorder and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) across the adult age range, and have advanced the understanding of a variety of brain diseases including schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, glioma, and aging.