School of Medicine


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  • Nnamdi Orakpo, MD, PhD

    Nnamdi Orakpo, MD, PhD

    Clinical Assistant Professor, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences - Sleep Medicine

    BioNnamdi Orakpo's path to becoming a bilingual Sleep Medicine Psychiatrist & Interventional Psychiatrist was far from conventional. Originally, he was focused on a professional basketball career in Australia and New Zealand. However, his father's guidance led him to pursue higher education.

    At the University of North Texas, Dr. Orakpo completed a doctorate in Gerontology before attending medical school in Mexico and completing his residency in Psychiatry at Garnet Health Medical Center in New York. He graduated from Sleep Medicine fellowship training at Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Sleep Medicine in Sleep Medicine (2023), where he is currently serving as a Clinical Assistant Professor.

    Dr. Orakpo has published numerous articles in SLEEP, Frontiers Journal of Psychiatry, Frontiers Journal of Human Neuroscience, Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, and has collaborated with Stanford University colleagues on a textbook on clinical sleep medicine, where he authored the chapters on chronic insomnia, isolated sleep paralysis, sleep enuresis, sleep related eating disorder, sexsomnia, and exploding head syndrome. His research and clinical practice have centered around Sleep Medicine and Sleep Psychiatry. He conducted a pioneering study on using Virtual Reality Neurofeedback as a treatment for chronic pain and insomnia. This work was supported by an institutional grant and has contributed to the field of sleep medicine.

    Beyond his clinical work, Dr. Orakpo is an active researcher and educator. He recently published and co-authored commentary in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine on pharmacological management of sleep apnea and obesity with GLP-1 medications. He is also a member of several professional organizations, including the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, the California Sleep Society, World Sleep Society, and the Nigerian Sleep Society.

  • Lisa A. Orloff, MD, FACS, FACE

    Lisa A. Orloff, MD, FACS, FACE

    Professor of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (OHNS)
    On Partial Leave from 03/02/2026 To 03/31/2026

    BioLisa A. Orloff, MD, FACS, FACE, is Director of the Endocrine Head & Neck Surgery Program and Professor in the Department of Otolaryngology — Head & Neck Surgery, Division of Head & Neck Surgery, at Stanford University School of Medicine. She is Director of the Stanford Thyroid Tumor Program within the Stanford Cancer Center. Her clinical practice focuses on the surgical management of thyroid and parathyroid tumors and disorders.

    Dr. Orloff is an internationally recognized leader in the field of endocrine head and neck surgery. She is also an expert in the application of ultrasonography to the diagnosis and management of diseases of the head and neck, with an emphasis on thyroid cancer. Dr. Orloff performs minimally invasive ultrasound-guided procedures such as radiofrequency ablation for the nonsurgical management of appropriate thyroid pathology. Her background in microvascular and laryngeal surgical techniques lends a unique level of refinement to her endocrine surgical practice. A major component of her clinical work is the management of persistent or recurrent thyroid cancer. Dr. Orloff’s multidisciplinary approach to the management of endocrine head and neck disease involves collaboration with her colleagues in other specialties at Stanford and throughout the country. Dr. Orloff also studies the regeneration of tissue that has been lost as a result of cancer therapies. 

    Dr. Orloff received her bachelor’s degree at Stanford, and her medical degree from the University of California, Los Angeles. She completed her residency in Otolaryngology — Head & Neck Surgery at the University of Washington and a visiting fellowship in Microvascular & Reconstructive Surgery at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York. Prior to joining the faculty at Stanford, she was the Robert K. Werbe Distinguished Professor in Head & Neck Cancer, and Chief of the Division of Head & Neck Surgery at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF.)

    Dr. Orloff served three consecutive terms as the Chair of the American Academy of Otolaryngology — Head & Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) Endocrine Surgery committee, and served for many years as a voting member of the FDA’s Panel to evaluate medical devices for Otolaryngology. She holds leadership roles within the American Head and Neck Society, the American Thyroid Association, the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, and the American College of Surgeons. She is co-chair of the ACS Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Neck Ultrasound training program and a member of the ACS National Ultrasound Faculty executive board. She is also a member of such influential teams as the National Cancer Institute (NCI) steering committee on Thyroid Cancer Clinical Trials and the Endocrine Surgery Committee of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE). She authored the leading textbook, Head and Neck Ultrasonography (Plural Publishing), as a reference for clinicians; the second edition was published in 2017. Dr. Orloff is a former Fulbright scholar.

  • Anthony Oro, MD, PhD

    Anthony Oro, MD, PhD

    Eugene and Gloria Bauer Professor

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsOur lab uses the skin to answer questions about epithelial stem cell biology, differentiation and carcinogenesis using genomics, genetics, and cell biological techniques. We have studied how hedgehog signaling regulates regeneration and skin cancer, and how tumors evolve to develop resistance. We study the mechanisms of early human skin development using human embryonic stem cells. These fundamentals studies provide a greater understanding of epithelial biology and novel disease therapeutics.

  • Clemens Ortner

    Clemens Ortner

    Clinical Professor, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsPoint of Care Ultrasound in Women diagnosed with severe Preeclampsia

  • Thomas Osborne, MD

    Thomas Osborne, MD

    Adjunct Clinical Professor, Neurosurgery

    BioThomas Osborne, MD is board certified in Diagnostic Imaging and Neuroradiology.

    He has devoted his professional career to accelerating advancements at the intersection of healthcare, technology, and business. He is driven to solve challenges for broad positive impact and shared success.

    Dr. Osborne’s academic publications cover a diversity of topics such as cancer, infectious disease, neurologic disorders, surgery, pain and anxiety, climate health, falls, elder care, determinants of health, telehealth, diagnostics, predictive analytics, drug repurposing, cost savings, employee morale, strategy, efficiencies, health risk, safety, and the integration of advanced technologies into clinical practice.

    Dr. Osborne received his medical degree from Dartmouth Medical School and completed his clinical residency and fellowship at Harvard hospitals. He has been an advisor and mentor to other healthcare leaders for most of his career. He is also the Chief Medical Officer at Microsoft, Federal Civilian.

    LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tomosbornemd/
    Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=2v4Q8DoAAAAJ

  • Karen Osilla

    Karen Osilla

    Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Public Mental Health and Population Sciences)

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsDr. Osilla conducts health services research with a focus on supporting families impacted by substance use. Dr. Osilla has been conducting addictions research since 2006 and has been involved in clinical trials evaluating cognitive behavioral therapy, collaborative care, and motivational interviewing interventions (web and in-person) among youth, adult, military, family members, and other hard-to-reach populations.

  • Michael Ostacher

    Michael Ostacher

    Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Public Mental Health and Population Sciences)

    BioDr. Ostacher is Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. He is the Site Director for the Addiction Medicine Fellowship at the VA Palo Alto Health Care System, where he also serves as the Medical Director of the Pharmacology of Addiction Recovery Clinic, the Director of the Bipolar and Depression Research Program and the Co-Director of the VA/Stanford Exploratory Therapeutics Lab, the Director of Advanced Fellowship Training in Mental Illness Research and Treatment for MDs for the VISN 21 MIRECC, and the Site Director at the VA Palo Alto for Advanced Fellowship Training for Stanford. A graduate of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, the Harvard School of Public Health, and Harvard Medical School, he completed his training at The Cambridge Health Alliance at Harvard Medical School in Adult Psychiatry, Public Psychiatry, and Geriatric Psychiatry, and is currently board certified in Psychiatry, Addiction Psychiatry, and Addiction Medicine. He is the Digital Content Editor for the journal Evidence-Based Mental Health and is on the editorial boards of Bipolar Disorders, the International Journal of Bipolar Disorders, the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Current Psychiatry, and Psychiatric Annals. His current research includes roles as Site Investigator for VA-BRAVE, multicenter, randomized trial comparing long-acting injectable buprenorphine to sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone, and trials of psychedelic drugs in psychiatric disorders in Veterans. With funding from NIDA, he studied, along with Jaimee Heffner, Ph.D. at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, smoking cessation in people with bipolar disorder using a novel online psychotherapy derived from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. His work using a Capnometry Guided Respiratory Intervention (CGRI) for PTSD led to the FDA clearance for Freespira, a digital therapeutic, for the treatment of PTSD. His primary research interest is in large clinical trials mental health and addiction, and the implementation of evidence-based mental health practices.

  • Lars Osterberg, MD, MPH

    Lars Osterberg, MD, MPH

    Lecturer, Medicine - Primary Care and Population Health

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsBarriers to Humanism

    Collaborative Faculty Development in Improving Humanism and Professionalism

    Using Radiofrequency Identificaton technology to improve medication adherence

    Impact of Learning Communities on Medical Education

  • Einar Ottestad

    Einar Ottestad

    Clinical Professor, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsI have a strong interest in ultrasound for chronic pain management for diagnostics as well as therapeutics. I also have strong interest in acute pain in the hospital setting, including post-operative as well as cancer pain.

  • Linda K. Ottoboni, PhD, CNS

    Linda K. Ottoboni, PhD, CNS

    Clinical Assistant Professor, Medicine - Primary Care and Population Health

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsLearning more about the patient lived experiences with cardiac arrhythmias and their perceived resources believed to provide support to achieve Quality of Life.

  • Margaret Over, MMS, PA-C

    Margaret Over, MMS, PA-C

    Adjunct Clinical Instructor, Educational Programs and Services (EPS)

    BioMargaret (Maggie) Over, MMS, PA-C is a board-certified physician assistant practicing obstetrics and gynecology at Stanford Medicine Partners Ob/Gyn in Pleasanton. She received a Master’s degree in Medical Science in Physician Assistant Studies at Midwestern University. Maggie enjoys being able to treat women throughout varying stages of life and is passionate about patient education. In her free time, she enjoys running, reading and spending time with her family.

  • Doug Owens

    Doug Owens

    Henry J. Kaiser, Jr. Professor, Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and Professor, by courtesy, of Management Science and Engineering

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsMy research uses decision modeling, cost-effectiveness analysis, and meta-analysis to evaluate clinical and health policy problems. Much of my work involves development of national guidelines for prevention and treatment.

  • Philip Oyer

    Philip Oyer

    Roy B. Cohn-Theodore A. Falasco Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emeritus

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsDevelopment of an artificial heart assist device; heart, and heart-lung transplantation.

  • Michael G. Ozawa

    Michael G. Ozawa

    Clinical Associate Professor, Pathology

    BioDr. Ozawa is a Clinical Associate Professor of Pathology with subspecialty focus in Cytopathology, Head and Neck pathology, and Thoracic pathology. He completed his M.D., Ph.D. training at the McGovern Medical School and the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX. He then completed residency training in Anatomic and Clinical Pathology followed by fellowship training in Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology at Stanford University. He is board certified in Anatomic and Clinical Pathology as well as Cytopathology. His interests include pulmonary neoplasms as well as neoplasms of the Head and Neck. He also has developed collaborative research interests in utilizing fine needle aspiration (FNA) techniques in the growing clinical application of Chimeric Antigen T Cell (CAR-T) therapy.

  • Cholawat Pacharinsak, DVM, PhD

    Cholawat Pacharinsak, DVM, PhD

    Professor of Comparative Medicine

    BioCholawat Pacharinsak, DVM, PhD Associate Professor and Director of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Surgery, at Stanford University’s Department of Comparative Medicine; he is a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia (DACVAA). He received his DVM from Chulalongkorn University, Thailand and trained in an Anesthesiology/Pain Management residency program and received his Master's degree at Washington State University. He completed his PhD in Comparative and Molecular Biosciences from the University of Minnesota. Prior to arriving at Stanford, Dr. Pacharinsak was a faculty member in Anesthesiology and Pain Management at Michigan State University and Purdue University; and served as a Clinical Specialist at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine. His research focuses on understanding the neurobiology of cancer pain, chemotherapeutic-induced peripheral neuropathy, acute surgical pain models, and methods to improve clinical pain management e.g. sustained release analgesics supporting refinement. Research methodology includes electrophysiologic and behavioral techniques.

  • Ryan Christopher Padrez

    Ryan Christopher Padrez

    Clinical Associate Professor, Pediatrics - General Pediatrics

    BioRyan is a Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics at Stanford University's Division of General Pediatrics. His primary clinical practices are at Gardner Packard Children's Health Center and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital. In addition to his work at Stanford, Ryan also serves as the Medical Director for The Primary School, a new integrated health and education model that serves low income children and families in East Palo Alto, CA. His work and leadership focuses on the intersection and reform of primary pediatric care and early childhood education. He works to integrate systems and promote models that ensure high quality care is accessible to all children.

    Ryan graduated from Stanford University with a BA in Human Biology and earned his MD at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). He completed his pediatric residency at UCSF and participated in UCSF's Pediatric Leadership for the Underserved (PLUS) program. He went on to complete a chief resident year at The San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center.

  • Antonio J. Pagán

    Antonio J. Pagán

    Assistant Professor of Microbiology and Immunology

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsThe Pagán lab is interested in the regulation of immunity and pathogenesis in tuberculosis (TB). TB is characterized by the formation of multicellular aggregates of immune cells called granulomas. We leverage the powerful genetics and imaging capabilities of genetically diverse fish models of TB, which capture key features of human TB granulomas, to address fundamental questions in mycobacterial pathogenesis and granuloma immunobiology.

  • Natalie Pageler

    Natalie Pageler

    Clinical Professor, Clinical Informatics
    Clinical Professor, Medicine - Biomedical Informatics Research

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsIn my administrative role, I oversee the development and maintenance of clinical decision support tools within the electronic medical record. These clinical decision support tools are designed to enhance patient safety, efficiency, and quality of care. My research focuses on rigorously evaluating--1) how these tools affect clinician knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors; and 2) how these tools affect clinical outcomes and efficiency of health care delivery.

  • Marlen Pajcini

    Marlen Pajcini

    Clinical Assistant Professor, Radiology

    BioDr. Pajcini received his undergraduate degree in Molecular and Cell Biology from U.C. Berkeley, graduating with Honors. He received his medical degree from Loma Linda University School of Medicine with Alpha Omega Alpha Honors. He completed Diagnostic Radiology residency at Santa Clara Valley Medical Center and a Breast Imaging fellowship at Stanford University School of Medicine. His clinical focus is on breast cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment.

  • Neda Pakdaman

    Neda Pakdaman

    Clinical Assistant Professor, Medicine - Primary Care and Population Health

    BioDr. Pakdaman practices Internal Medicine in Silicon Valley. She received her medical education at Yale University School of Medicine where she earned the Janet M. Glasgow Memorial Achievement Award for Women in Medicine. She completed her residency in Internal Medicine at Stanford University Hospital and was nominated for the Alwin Rambar-James Mark Award for Excellence in Patient Care.

    Dr. Pakdaman has been involved in developing innovative models for patient centered practice delivery. She has extensive background in Concierge Medicine as well as Executive Medicine. In addition, prior to coming to Stanford, she helped initiate and served as medical director for the Palliative Care inpatient consult service at El Camino Hospital. During that time, she served as chair of the El Camino Hospital Ethics Committee and as an advisory member for the Genomics Medicine Institute at El Camino Hospital. Drawing from her experiences working in both executive health programs and retainer based practices, she joined Stanford in 2012 to help launch Stanford Concierge Medicine. She subsequently served as the Medical Director of Stanford Concierge Medicine and Stanford Executive Health for five years where she helped pilot aspects of Stanford Precision Health platform.

    Dr. Pakdaman's clinical focus is adult primary care with health promotion and disease prevention/management.

    Board Certified Internal Medicine 2003, 2013
    Board Certified Hospice and Palliative Medicine 2008, 2018

  • Ria Pal

    Ria Pal

    Clinical Assistant Professor, Pediatric Neurology

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsDr. Pal's research focuses on pediatric neurological conditions with emphasis on acquired brain injury (stroke, TBI, infection) and long-term outcomes in children. Her work examines the intersection of neurodevelopment with acute neurological injury. She is dedicated to advancing healthcare equity in neurological care delivery through education and policy.

  • Julia Palacios

    Julia Palacios

    Associate Professor of Statistics and of Biomedical Data Science

    BioDr. Palacios’s research spans Bayesian nonparametrics, probabilistic AI, stochastic processes, and computational statistics. Her group develops stochastic models and efficient inference algorithms for understanding evolutionary dynamics in population genetics, infectious diseases and cancer.

  • Latha Palaniappan, MD, MS

    Latha Palaniappan, MD, MS

    Professor of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine) and, by courtesy, of Epidemiology and Population Health

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsDr. Palaniappan has published over 200 peer reviewed manuscripts, abstracts, and book chapters over the last 20 years in the areas of chronic disease prevention and treatment in diverse populations. She has expertise in epidemiological research using big data, use of electronic health records for research, and clinical trials.

  • Daniel Palanker, PhD

    Daniel Palanker, PhD

    Professor of Ophthalmology and, by courtesy, of Electrical Engineering

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsInteractions of electric field and light with biological cells and tissues and their applications to imaging, diagnostics, therapeutics and prosthetics, primarily in ophthalmology.
    Specific fields of interest:
    Electronic retinal prosthesis;
    Electronic enhancement of tear secretion;
    Electronic control of blood vessels;
    Interferometric imaging of neural signals;
    Interferometric imaging of cellular physiology

  • Theo Palmer

    Theo Palmer

    Professor of Neurosurgery, Emeritus

    Current Research and Scholarly InterestsMembers of the Palmer Lab study the biology of neural stem cells in brain development and in the adult. Our primary goal is to understand how genes and environment synergize in influencing stem cell behavior during development and how mild genetic or environmental risk factors for disease may synergize in their detrimental effects on brain development or in the risk of neuronal loss in age-related degenerative disease.

  • Bianca Palushaj, MD

    Bianca Palushaj, MD

    Clinical Assistant Professor, Adult Neurology

    BioDr. Bianca Palushaj is a board-certified, fellowship-trained neurologist with Stanford Health Care. She is also a Clinical Assistant Professor in the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine.

    Dr. Palushaj specializes in movement disorders, including but not limited to Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian disorders, essential tremor, and dystonia. She has also developed a practice in diagnosing and treating disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), which often occur in individuals with neurodegenerative disease.

    She enjoys caring for the whole person and looks at how all parts of the body are connected. She considers how things like sleep, stress, diet, and daily habits can affect the microbiome, gut, brain, and overall well-being.

    Dr. Palushaj’s research focuses on advancing our understanding and treatment of PD. She has special interest in the gut-brain connection in PD, including the role of the gut microbiome and inflammation in PD. She has also investigated how to measure non-motor PD symptoms, such as gastrointestinal dysfunction, using noninvasive, wearable technologies.

    Dr. Palushaj has published her findings in peer-reviewed journals including Journal of Neurology, NeuroImage, and Cell Reports Methods. She has also written chapters for integrative medicine books on PD and Alzheimer’s disease.

    Dr. Palushaj has presented at international, national, and regional conferences, including the Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease (AD/PD™) Conference and the Parkinson Study Group Annual Meeting. She has also spoken about her research to several PD support groups across Northern California, including PD Active and Parkinson’s Support Group of Sonoma County.

    Dr. Palushaj is a member of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society, and the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. She is also a member of Women in Neurology and Women in Medicine.

  • Carolyn K. Pan, MD

    Carolyn K. Pan, MD

    Clinical Professor, Ophthalmology

    BioDr. Pan is a board-certified ophthalmologist and fellowship-trained vitreoretinal surgeon. She focuses on retinal vascular diseases, macular degeneration, and surgical repair of retinal detachments, macular pathology, and complications from cataract surgery. She has co-authored peer-reviewed articles on topics ranging from optical coherence tomography imaging to embryonic stem cells for macular degeneration.

    In addition to her clinical practice, she is dedicated to the education and training of medical students, residents, and fellows. As recognition of her efforts, she received the Faculty Teaching Award in 2016 from the Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University and was the recipient of the national Women in Ophthalmology Educator Award in 2024. Within the department, she was the Associate Residency Program Director from 2020 to 2023, and currently serves as the Residency Program Director. Her educational efforts also extend beyond the department - since 2016, she has served on the annual meeting planning committee for the American Academy of Ophthalmology and is currently Associate Secretary of the Annual Meeting and Chair of the Special Projects Committee.

    Dr. Pan's clinical practice is mainly based at Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, Stanford's affiliate county hospital, where she is chief of the retina service.

  • Minggui Pan, MD, PhD

    Minggui Pan, MD, PhD

    Clinical Professor, Medicine - Oncology

    BioDr. Pan is a board-certified, fellowship-trained medical oncologist with the Stanford Medicine Cancer Center and a clinical professor in the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology.

    He diagnoses and treats various oncological conditions and specializes in the treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcoma. He creates personalized and comprehensive care plans for each patient he serves.

    Dr. Pan’s research focuses include understanding how genomic alterations impact the biological behavior and prognosis of sarcomas. In his work, he identifies new targets for developing innovative therapeutics for sarcoma treatment.

    Dr. Pan has more than eighty publications and presented many abstracts in several cancer and immunology conferences. His papers have been published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, JCO Precision Oncology, Clinical Cancer Research, Nature Review Clinical Oncology, Nature Nanotechnology, Frontier Endocrinology, JCO Oncology Practice, Journal of Hematology and Oncology, British Journal of Cancer Reports, and other peer-reviewed journals. He has also presented to his peers at international, national, and regional meetings, including the annual meetings of American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), Chinese Society Of Clinical Oncology (CSCO), Connective Tissue Oncology Society (CTOS) and others.

    Dr. Pan is a member of American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Association for Cancer Research, American Association of Immunologists, American Association for Advancement of Science, Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, and Connective Tissue Oncology Society. Dr. Pan is also an adjunct investigator with Kaiser Permanente Division of Research.