School of Medicine
Showing 7,701-7,800 of 12,875 Results
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Meagan Moyer
Academic Staff - Hourly - CSL, Medicine - Primary Care and Population Health
BioI am a lecturer in the School of Medicine's Clinical Informatics Management master of science program. I co-instruct the autumn through spring quarters practicum courses. Students in my courses gain a foundational knowledge of health policy, learn from experts in the field of health technology, and complete a capstone project that brings together learnings from the entire program into a meaningful deliverable that furthers their career and the field of clinical informatics and digital health technology.
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Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, MD, MHS
Alan Adler Professor of Ophthalmology and Professor, by courtesy, of Radiation Oncology
Current Research and Scholarly InterestsDr Mruthyunjaya has maintained a broad research interest with publications in both ocular oncology and retinal diseases.
His focus is on multi-modal imaging of ocular tumors and understanding imaging clues that may predict vision loss after ocular radiation therapy. He coordinates multi-center research on the role of genetic testing and outcomes of treatments of ocular melanoma.
In the field of retinal diseases, his interests are in intra-operative imaging to enhance surgical accuracy. -
Julie Muccini, MS, OTR/L
Research Engineer, Rad/Musculoskeletal Imaging
BioJulie Muccini is an occupational therapist who has spent most of her clinical career working with individuals with neurological diagnoses. She is registered and licensed in California and is a member of the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) and the Occupational Therapy Association of California (OTAC). She is actively involved in research working with individuals post-stroke, neuromuscular diseases, and osteoarthritis; additional work includes assessing shoulder movements, sprinting, and balancing tasks; she works in the Human Performance Lab with an interdisciplinary team integrating biomechanics, biomedical engineering, physiology, psychology, and rehabilitation. Ms. Muccini received her bachelor of science in industrial engineering and operations research from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and her master of science in occupational therapy from Boston University. She started working at the hospital at Stanford in 1997 and transitioned to the Outpatient Neuro Rehab Clinic at the Stanford Neurosciences Health Center in 2014. In March 2021, Julie moved to the Stanford University School of Medicine to work in the Human Performance Lab at the Arrillaga Center for Sports and Recreation, ACSR, as a Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance member.
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Sesh Mudumbai
Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine (MSD)
Current Research and Scholarly InterestsDr. Mudumbai’s research interests focus on 1) optimizing therapeutic strategies and reducing adverse outcomes related to medication management, particularly opioids; and 2) measuring and improving the quality of perioperative and pain management.
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Alisa Mueller, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Medicine (Immunology and Rheumatology)
BioDr. Mueller is an Assistant Professor in the Division of Immunology and Rheumatology. As a physician-scientist, she leads a research laboratory investigating mechanisms that drive stromal pathology in rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic inflammatory conditions. Utilizing innovative techniques in immunology, genomics, and regenerative medicine, she and her team aim to develop novel therapeutic approaches to combat autoimmune diseases.
Dr. Mueller earned her MD and PhD degrees at Stanford University as part of the Medical Scientist Training Program where she investigated mechanisms regulating a mesenchymal progenitor population in skeletal muscle that mediates both healthy tissue regeneration and pathologic fibrosis. During her training, she was awarded predoctoral grants from the NIH National Institute on Aging and the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine. Her studies culminated in a first-author publication in Nature and co-authorship on publications in Cell and Nature Communications. Subsequently, she pursued medicine residency and rheumatology fellowship at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School where she explored mechanisms driving synovial fibroblast pathogenicity in rheumatoid arthritis. Her work led to the identification of non-canonical Wnt signaling as a critical mediator of RA synovial fibroblast inflammatory activation as well as the development of functional genomic screens to elucidate a broad set of novel therapeutic targets in inflammatory fibroblasts. Moreover, she has also led high-dimensional immunoprofiling studies to reveal underlying immune aberrations in patients with systemic sclerosis and elucidate biologic mechanisms catalyzing disease in patients with longstanding immune-related disorders of unknown etiology in partnership with the Undiagnosed Diseases Network. During her fellowship and instructorship, she received a Distinguished Fellow Award from the American College of Rheumatology as well as grants including the NIH NIAMS Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Career Development Award (K08), Rheumatology Research Foundation Scientist Development Award with the Malawista Endowment Distinction, Hearst Young Investigator Award, and Innovation Evergreen Fund Award. Her work has resulted in co-first author publications in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Cell Reports Medicine, and ACR Open Rheumatology as well as as co-authorship on publications in Lancet Rheumatology and the New England Journal of Medicine.
In addition to her scientific endeavors, Dr. Mueller is also dedicated to providing high quality clinical care and education. She serves as an attending physician specializing in rheumatology where she mentors trainees in outpatient and inpatient settings and provides educational lectures. With an interdisciplinary team, she developed an interactive medical case on neurologic manifestations of lupus which was published in the New England Journal of Medicine. She was awarded an Arnold Dunne Award for Compassion and Dedication to Patient Care at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. By pursuing basic and translational research alongside clinical care, Dr. Mueller and her team strive to uncover basic mechanisms regulating stromal biology in autoimmune and inflammatory disease development and to create diagnostic strategies and targeted therapeutics that will benefit patients who do not respond to conventional therapies. -
Claudia Mueller
Associate Professor of Surgery (Pediatric Surgery)
On Partial Leave from 04/01/2026 To 05/31/2026Current Research and Scholarly InterestsInvestigations of how children's beliefs of health affect their responses to illness.
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Michael Muelly
Clinical Assistant Professor, Radiology
Current Research and Scholarly InterestsMachine learning in medicine
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Lori Muffly
Professor of Medicine (Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy)
Current Research and Scholarly InterestsDr. Muffly's interests include investigator initiated clinical trials focused on cellular therapies for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. She also has an active health outcomes research program focused on patterns of care and improving access to care for adults with acute leukemia.
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Pavithra Mukunda
Clinical Rsch Mgr, Psych/Public Mental Health & Population Sciences
Current Role at StanfordClinical Research Manager
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Elvis Raymond Mukwikwi, MD
Fellow in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
BioDr. Elvis Raymond Mukwikwi is a geriatric psychiatry fellow at Stanford University. He completed his medical training at the University of Montreal, followed by a specialization in psychiatry at McGill University. In addition to his clinical training, Dr. Mukwikwi is actively involved in neuropsychiatry research and has published work focusing on frontotemporal dementia. Beyond his clinical work, he is dedicated to patient advocacy.
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Liam Edward Mulhall
Software Developer, Biomedical Data Science
Current Role at StanfordLiam develops and maintains the HLA Curation Interface, a tool that supports the assessment of HLA alleles and haplotypes for use in precision medicine and research. He also works on internal tools used by the Stanford ClinGen team.
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Sandeepa Mullady, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor, Adult Neurology
BioDr. Mullady is a board-certified neurologist providing care at Stanford Health Care’s Memory Disorders Center. She completed a memory and aging fellowship at the University of California, San Francisco. She is also a clinical assistant professor in the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine.
Dr. Mullady specializes in memory disorders and aging. She has a particular interest in caring for homeless patients with neurological conditions.
She is passionate about educating both patients and colleagues. She seeks to improve health literacy in underserved communities. She has mentored students, organized seminars and conferences, and lectured about rare neurological cases and issues related to social justice.
Dr. Mullady excels in community outreach, health advocacy, and leadership. She has organized and directed outreach programs at women’s shelters, clinics for the homeless, and an alcohol and drug rehabilitation center. She has also developed programs to encourage childhood reading at home and to educate underserved communities about neurodegenerative disorders.
She has published peer-reviewed articles in Frontiers of Neurology that report her research on the effects of homelessness on neurocognitive health. She has also presented posters at regional and national conferences on the topics of interprofessional health coaching and the effects of homelessness on mental function. -
Ann Mullally
George E. Becker Professor in Medicine
Current Research and Scholarly InterestsDr. Ann Mullally's aboratory studies the genetics, biology and therapy of myeloid blood cancers, with a focus on myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Using primary human samples, mouse models, genomics, single-cell sequencing and CRISPR, as well as cellular and molecular biology, the lab has investigated the key genetic events underlying MPN pathogenesis. Dr. Mullally’s lab elucidated the mechanism by which mutant calreticulin (CALR) is oncogenic and causes MPN.
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Martin Stefan Mumenthaler
Adjunct Professor, Psych/Public Mental Health & Population Sciences
BioMartin Mumenthaler has a PharmD and a PhD in psychopharmacology from the University of Bern, Switzerland. He holds an appointment as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine where he has been conducting research programs in addiction medicine and psychopharmacology, and teaching and mentoring medical students and residents on a voluntary basis.
Dr. Mumenthaler has also been working in various full-time positions in the pharmaceutical industry as Director in Clinical Development as well as in Medical Affairs, and as a consultant for early-stage pharma- and biotech companies providing advice on designing and conducting clinical trials, and analyzing and interpreting study results, mainly in the field of addiction medicine and pain.
His academic research has focused on the effects of psychoactive drugs on human performance, Aerospace Medicine, Alzheimer’s disease, and addiction medicine, and in these areas he has presented his results internationally and published over twenty-five peer-reviewed scientific articles. He has also served as a reviewer for various scientific journals, and is a member of the Research Society on Alcoholism, and an Associate Fellow of the Aerospace Medical Association. -
Sayar Kumar Munshi
Visiting Instructor/Lecturer, Cardiothoracic Surgery
BioDr Sayar Kumar Munshi, MBBS, MS (General Surgery), MCH (Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery), is working as a Visiting instructor in the department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Research. He did his medical schooling from Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research (IPGME&R), India. After MBBS, he did his post-graduate training in General Surgery from Calcutta National Medical College and post-doctoral training in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery from Nilratan Sircar Medical College, India. He has worked as an Associate Consultant in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery for four years in Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, India. He pursued advanced fellowship training in Congenital Cardiac Surgery from United Kingdom. He has worked as a Senior Clinical Fellow in Congenital Cardiac Surgery in Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool and as a Clinical Fellow in Adult Congenital Cardiac Surgery (ACHD Surgery) in Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital for a year. Subsequently, he underwent fellowship training in Cardiac transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support in Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiac Surgery from Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
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Angie Dee Murkins, RN, MSN, FNP-BC
Affiliate, Adult Neurology
BioAngie Murkins, MSN, RN, FNP-BC is a Nurse Practitioner with the Neurocritical Care Team. She previously worked in the Neurosurgery Department at Stanford and Harborview Medical Center in Seattle, WA. Angie graduated with her Family Nurse Practitioner degree in 2008 from the University of Kansas School of Nursing.
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Daniel Murphy
Professor of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Emeritus
Current Research and Scholarly InterestsDr. Murphy's major interests are in noninvasive cardiology and clinical pediatric and adult congenital cardiac disease. These clinical interests range from imaging of complex cardiac disease in the fetus and newborn to care of the adult with congenital heart disease. He also coordinates the Marfan clinic at LPCH. He is the director of the Adult Congenital Cardiac Clinic at Stanford University Medical Center.
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Greer Murphy M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (General Psychiatry and Psychology-Adult), Emeritus
Current Research and Scholarly InterestsPharmacogenetics of mood disorders and nicotine addiction. Microglial neurotoxicity and neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease. Genome wide expression analysis of mouse models for Alzheimer's disease.
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Andrea Murray
Clinical Associate Professor, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine
BioAndrea Murray, MD is currently a Clinical Associate Professor for the Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine at Stanford University and is board-certified in Pediatric Anesthesiology, Internal Medicine, and in Pediatrics. Her interests include sustainable models in global health, regional anesthesia, simulation, and immersive technology for reduction of perioperative anxiety. She is deeply passionate about medical education and is dedicated to mentoring the next generation of physicians.
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Lucas Murray
Postdoctoral Scholar, Biochemistry
Current Research and Scholarly InterestsI use single-molecule tools and approaches to study the assembly and function of molecular machines. I currently am working to understand the interplay between genome structure and kinetochore assembly and function in vertebrates.
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Adam J. Murrietta, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor, Orthopaedic Surgery
BioDr. Adam J. Murrietta is a fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeon with Stanford Health Care. He is also a clinical assistant professor in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Stanford University School of Medicine.
Dr. Murrietta diagnoses and treats a wide range of bone and joint conditions, including arthritis, bursitis, fractures, and infections. As an orthopaedic surgeon, he specializes in joint replacement surgery, with a focus on hip and knee replacements. He has advanced expertise in minimally invasive techniques, robotic-assisted procedures, and outpatient joint replacement. Additionally, Dr. Murrietta has extensive training in the latest surgical technologies and uses these innovations to reduce pain and enhance outcomes for his patients.
Dr. Murrietta’s research focuses on improving surgical outcomes and the treatment and management of orthopaedic injuries. His ongoing work focuses on joint replacement techniques and patient-reported outcomes. His research has been published in peer-reviewed journals, including The Journal of Arthroplasty, The Bone & Joint Journal, and Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. He has also presented his findings at regional and national conferences, including annual meetings of the Western Orthopaedic Association and the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons.
Dr. Murrietta is a fellow of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS) and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). He is also a member of the American Medical Association (AMA) and the Western Orthopaedic Association (WOA). -
Mark Musen
Stanford Medicine Professor of Biomedical Informatics Research, Professor of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics) and of Biomedical Data Science
Current Research and Scholarly InterestsModern science requires that experimental data—and descriptions of the methods used to generate and analyze the data—are available online. Our laboratory studies methods for creating comprehensive, machine-actionable descriptions both of data and of experiments that can be processed by other scientists and by computers. We are also working to "clean up" legacy data and metadata to improve adherence to standards and to facilitate open science broadly.
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Adel Mutahar
Postdoctoral Scholar, General and Vascular Surgery
BioDr. Adel Z. I. Mutahar is a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Surgery at Stanford University, working under the mentorship of Dr. Frederick M. Dirbas. His research focuses on translational breast cancer biology and emerging radiotherapy technologies, with an emphasis on tumor–microenvironment interactions, immuno-oncology, and preclinical therapeutic development. His academic journey spans three countries—beginning in Yemen, advancing through India, and now progressing at Stanford—reflecting his commitment to impactful cancer research and global scientific advancement.
Dr. Mutahar began his career in Yemen, earning his Bachelor’s degree in Medical Laboratory Sciences before joining Abs Community College as a faculty member. From 2007–2013, he held several academic leadership roles, including Academic Director, Head of Evaluation, and Assistant Dean of Students, where he modernized curriculum, expanded hands-on diagnostic training, and strengthened laboratory education infrastructure in resource-limited settings. His work contributed to building a more skilled medical diagnostics workforce and improving pathways for laboratory science education.
Awarded a prestigious national merit scholarship, Dr. Mutahar continued his graduate and doctoral training in India, completing his M.S. and Ph.D. in Biotechnology with a focus on triple-negative breast cancer. During his doctoral work, he developed 3D tumor spheroid models and combinatorial therapeutic strategies, demonstrating synergy between anti-angiogenic agents and chemotherapy in TNBC. He further advanced this research by creating an orthotopic murine model to investigate metastatic progression and demonstrated that knockdown of the MTA1 gene in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) significantly suppressed TNBC invasion, angiogenesis, and metastatic spread, introducing a promising stromal-targeted therapeutic concept for aggressive breast cancer. This work earned recognition through travel grants, conference presentations, and a Best Poster Award. His scientific adaptability was further demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic, when he uncovered a novel interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and VEGF signaling.
At Stanford, his work emphases on FLASH radiotherapy, an ultrahigh-dose-rate modality with the potential to widen the therapeutic window by minimizing normal-tissue toxicity while maintaining tumor control. Working within Dr. Dirbas’s translational breast oncology program, Dr. Mutahar employs patient-derived xenografts, orthotopic murine models, spatial transcriptomics, single-cell RNA sequencing, and immune profiling to dissect the biological mechanisms governing treatment response. His research integrates multi-omics analysis to map early and late radiotherapy injury pathways—including senescence, apoptosis and fibrosis. His goal is to develop mechanism-driven radio-immunotherapy strategies and durable FLASH-RT combination regimens that can be translated into clinical trials for breast cancer, improving therapeutic durability, minimizing toxicity, and ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.
Dr. Mutahar’s long-term vision is to establish an independent laboratory at the intersection of radiobiology, immuno-oncology, and translational therapeutics. Guided by Dr. Dirbas’s mentorship and shaped by multidisciplinary experience across three continents, he aims to develop biologically informed treatment strategies that eradicate tumors while preserving normal tissue and immune integrity—ultimately improving quality of life and survival for women with aggressive breast cancers. -
Gabriella Muwanga
Temp - Non-Exempt, Anesthesia - Adult Pain Medicine
BioGabriella Muwanga is a Neurosciences graduate student in the Tawfik and Airan labs at Stanford. She is interested in understanding acute and chronic pain mechanisms and developing therapies for acute and chronic pain through basic and translational research. Gabriella holds a Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Sciences from Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. She is passionate about teaching, mentorship, science communication, and fostering diversity in science. Outside the lab, she enjoys writing, singing, drawing, Bible Study, and fellowship.
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Jonathan N. Myers
Clinical Professor (Affiliated), Medicine - Med/Cardiovascular Medicine
BioDr. Myers is a Health Research Scientist at the Palo Alto VA Health Care System; a Clinical Professor at Stanford University (Affiliated), and a Senior Research Career Scientist Award recipient through the VA Rehabilitation Research and Development Program. His research has focused on primary and secondary prevention, and the clinical applications of exercise testing and rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular disease and other chronic conditions. He has a lengthy history of studying the epidemiology of cardiopulmonary exercise test responses, physical activity patterns, and other lifestyle factors and their relation to health outcomes. He manages the Veterans Exercise Testing Study (VETS), an ongoing, prospective evaluation of Veteran subjects referred for exercise testing for clinical reasons, designed to address exercise test, clinical, and lifestyle factors and their association with health outcomes.
He earned his bachelor’s degree from the University of California, Santa Barbara, his master's degree from San Diego State University, and his doctorate from the University of Southern California. He has been a board member for many organizations including the American Heart Association (AHA), the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR), and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), and serves on the editorial board for 9 journals. He is a recipient of the Michael Pollock Established Investigator Award through the AACVPR, a recipient of the Steven N Blair Award for excellence in physical activity research from the AHA Council on Epidemiology and Prevention and is the 2022 recipient of the American College of Sports Medicine Citation Award. He is a fellow of the AACVPR, ACSM, American College of Cardiology, and the AHA, and has authored and co-authored guidelines on exercise testing and rehabilitation for each of these organizations, including the 2021 editions of the ACSM and AACVPR guidelines. -
Varsha Mysore Athreya
Postdoctoral Scholar, Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
BioVarsha began her academic journey with a BS in Speech and Hearing from the All India Institute of Speech and Hearing (AIISH) in Mysuru, India. She earned her Master’s degree in Audiology in 2018, with a thesis focused on temporal processing and speech perception in noisy environments. She completed her doctoral degree in May 2024, working with Dr. Bharadwaj on age-related effects on temporal processing and speech perception, and with Dr. Heinz on the effects of peripheral hearing damage on cortical auditory responses. Currently, she is a postdoctoral scholar at Stanford University with Dr. Matthew Fitzgerald, where she is developing pipelines for handling large clinical datasets and applying machine learning to enhance clinical diagnosis and management.
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David Myung, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and, by courtesy, of Chemical Engineering
Current Research and Scholarly InterestsNovel biomaterials to reconstruct the wounded cornea
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for corneal and ocular surface regeneration
Engineered biomolecule therapies for promote corneal wound healing
Telemedicine in ophthalmology -
Urs Naber
Clinical Associate Professor, Pediatrics - Critical Care
BioDr. Naber is the medical director for the pediatric intensive care unit at California Pacific Medical Center. His research focuses on value based development of medical technology for every part of the patient care chain.
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Helen Nadel
Clinical Professor, Radiology - Pediatric Radiology
Current Research and Scholarly InterestsClinical research and scholarly interests include topics in Pediatric Nuclear Medicine to include AI evaluation for scintigraphic quantitation, PET MR evaluation of optimized techniques for use in pediatric patient management
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Ronjon Nag, PhD
Adjunct Professor, Genetics
BioRonjon Nag is an inventor, teacher and entrepreneur. He is an Adjunct Professor in Genetics at the Stanford School of Medicine, becoming a Stanford Distinguished Careers Institute Fellow in 2016. He teaches AI, Genes, Ethics, Longevity Science and Venture Capital. He is a founder and advisor/board member of multiple start-ups and President of the R42 Group, a venture capital firm which invests in, and creates, AI and Longevity companies. As an AI pioneer of smartphones and app stores, his companies have been sold to Apple, BlackBerry, and Motorola. More recently he has worked on the intersection of AI and Biology. He has been awarded the IET Mountbatten Medal by the Institution of Engineering and Technology, the 2021 IEEE-SCV Outstanding Engineer Award, the $1m Verizon Powerful Answers Award, the 2023 COGX AI Lifetime Achievement Award, the 2023 MIT Great Dome Award, and was the 2024 Inductee in the Silicon Valley Engineering Hall of Fame. Professor Nag has a Ph.D from Cambridge, an M.S from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a B.Sc. from Birmingham in the UK. He has numerous interests in the intersection of AI and Healthcare including being CEO of Agemica.ai working on creating a vaccine for aging.
He has many firsts including:
Firsts:
• First laptop with speech recognition built-in (with Apricot, 1984)
• First selling cursive handwriting recognition (with Lexicus, 1991)
• First speech recognition phones (with Lexicus/Motorola, 1996)
• First large-vocabulary Chinese speech recognition (with Lexicus/Motorola, 1996)
• First Chinese predictive text system on a phone (Lexicus/Motorola, 1997)
• First predictive text systems in 40 languages on Motorola phones, (Lexicus/Motorola, 1997)
• First touch screen mobile phone with handwriting recognition (Lexicus/Motorola, 1999)
• First combined mobile search engine and directory (with Cellmania, 2000)
• First private label downloadable operator billable apps store (Cellmania, 2000)
• First BlackBerry Operator Billing apps store (Cellmania,2010)
• First Neural Network Artificial Intelligence System in the Cloud (Ersatz Labs, 2014)
• First Throwable 360 Ball Camera (Bounce Imaging, 2015)
• First Android powered smart light switch (Brightswitch 2017)
• First blood pressure watch with temperature and pulse oximetry add-ons for Back to Work Covid Kit (GTCardio 2019)
• First no code AI life sciences app store (Superbio.ai 2022)
• First proposal for an aging vaccine (Agemica 2023) -
Claude M. Nagamine, DVM, PhD
Associate Professor of Comparative Medicine
Current Research and Scholarly InterestsMouse models to study murine and human infectious diseases. These colloborative studies include dengue virus, zika virus, adeno-associated virus, coxsackie virus, enterovirus 71, enterohepatic helicobacters, campylobacters, and anaplasma.
